精品解析：上海交通大学附属中学2025-2026学年度第二学期高一期中考试英语试卷

2025-2026学年度第二学期 高一英语期中考试卷 (满分150分，130分钟完成。答案一律写在答题纸上。) Part Ⅰ Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (25’) Section A Short Conversations Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. In a gym. B. At a circus. C. In a car. D. At a restaurant. 2. A. It is outstanding. B. It needs more promotion. C. It features a famous artist. D. It is far from his expectation. 3. A. What the conference is about. B. When the conference will be held. C. How they are going to the conference. D. Where they will go for the conference. 4. A. She would like some help. B. She does not want any help. C. She already has enough help. D. She is unsure if she needs help. 5. A. Work harder. B. Take a break. C. Change her job. D. Ignore the stress. 6. A. It will have sci-fi elements. B. It will inspire a sci-fi movie. C. It will have an age-old theme. D. It will ask participants to dress casually. 7. A. He failed to get the tickets. B. He got the tickets but it was difficult. C. He found a way to get the tickets easily. D. He decided to give up the tickets to the woman. 8. A. She is definitely going. B. She has decided not to go. C. She thinks the event will be boring. D. She is hesitant about whether to go. 9. A. She dislikes her new job. B. Last year was terrible for her. C. They have been busy for the last year. D. They need to accomplish more next year. 10. A. Success takes time and effort. B. He should rush his preparation. C. The presentation is unimportant. D. He should devote more to preparation. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Food traditions. B. Farming customs. C. Eating techniques. D. Animal domestication. 12. A. What they could plant as food. B. What animals they kept at home. C. What farming techniques they developed. D. What they could find in their surroundings. 13. A. Chopsticks. B. A seashell. C. Pointed knives. D. Spoons. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The future of the English language. B. The impact of the English language. C. The evolution of the English language. D. The protection of the English language. 15. A. English became standardized. B. English grammar became simpler. C. French was absorbed into English. D. French replaced English for a short time. 16. A. People all over the world had adapted it. B. The world needed a language for business. C. English was considered a flexible language. D. English contained a rich and large vocabulary. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Approaches to gardening. B. The benefits of gardening. C. A community gardening project. D. Recipes for home-grown tomatoes. 18. A. He is greatly interested in gardening. B. He spends a lot of time on gardening. C. Gardening brings him close to nature. D. Gardening enables him to see various plants. 19. A. They allow for social bonding. B. They often involve big gardens. C. They require more special skills. D. They are popular among citizens. 20. A. The idea of making homemade salad. B. The opportunity to grow unusual plants. C. The suggestion to join a community garden. D. The availability of gardening tools at home. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary (25’+ 20*1’= 45’) Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. 1. This is the system in ________ development Professor Li actively participated, and it has revolutionized the way we process data. A. which B. where C. whose D. that 2. — See to it that the window ________ before you leave the classroom. — But the window just ________ shut properly. A. is closed… doesn’t B. is closed… won’t C. will be closed… won’t D. will be closed… doesn’t 3. They didn’t discover until they accidentally entered the room ________ someone had stolen the painting. A. which B. when C. where D. that 4. Adults, ________ overly concerned with fame and fortune, sometimes fail to see the joy in simple things ________ children do not. A. unless; but B. although; while C. when; where D. if; unless 5. The unemployment problem we are looking forward to seeing ________ ought to have drawn widespread concern. A. handling B. to be handled C. handled D. to handle 6. The new smartphone model turned out to be such a success ________ the manufacturer who designed the prototype (原型) immediately decided to launch a new series. A. when B. as C. since D. that 7. For years he was a mountain rescue volunteer, a job he was passionate about because it ________ into unfamiliar regions with a strong sense of purpose. A. was required to venture B. required venturing C. required to venture D. was required venturing 8. That’s such an amazing museum ________ every art enthusiast longs to visit, ________ countless precious artworks. A. where…housing B. which…housed C. that…housed D. as…housing 9. The old castle had stood undisturbed ________ the surrounding forest had grown to envelop it completely, creating an air of mystery around it. A. so long that B. for so long as C. as long as D. for so long that 10. In our discussion of the origins of the universe, we saw that there was reason to believe ________ we proposed must be based on scientific evidence rather than mere assumption. A. how B. which C. whatever D. that 11. It was not so much the opportunities she got ________ the way she seized and made the most of them ________ made her succeed. A. but; that B. as; that C. nor; which D. or; that 12. ________ attempts to smuggle (走私) the rare animals across the border, the smuggler is now facing severe legal consequences, including a long prison sentence and heavy fines. A. Found to have made B. Found to make C. To be found to have made D. Finding to have made 13. Despite every effort ________ to save the endangered species, the number of these animals in the wild continues to decline at an alarming rate. A. made B. has been made C. to be made D. having been made 14. Some are born lucky, some create luck by their actions, and some have luck ________ upon them. A. to shower B. showered C. being showered D. shower 15. When humans develop machines that are smarter than they are and machines begin to improve themselves, they risk ________ the mathematician IJ Good called an “intelligence explosion”. A. what B. which C. that D. whatever 16. Despite numerous setbacks, including a critical funding shortage, the startup company ________ managed to launch its innovative product on schedule. A. instantly B. permanently C. eventually D. significantly 17. The sudden closure of the manufacturing plant has ________ the local economy hard, triggering a chain reaction of bankruptcies among small businesses that relied on its supply chain. A. defeated B. hit C. stabilized D. boosted 18. The inventor demonstrated a(n) ________ mind during the brainstorming session, proposing several innovative solutions that even the most experienced engineers had overlooked. A. sharp B. alert C. cautious D. decisive 19. The marketing team decided to ________ several high-profile influencers to promote their new product. A. encounter B. approach C. pursue D. attain 20. The local café owner noticed that a man in a gray coat had become a(n) ________ over the past few months, always ordering the same drink and sitting at the same corner table. A. regular B. visitor C. guest D. sponsor 21. The ancient skill of navigating by the stars has become ________ in the age of GPS, as sailors rely on electronic devices instead. A. predictable B. expert C. glorious D. extinct 22. The thick fog rolling in from the sea ________ to delay the rescue operation, as visibility dropped to almost zero. A. guaranteed B. promised C. threatened D. contributed 23. The insurance company ________ the risk of flooding in the coastal area as “high” due to rising sea levels and frequent storms. A. rated B. categorized C. considered D. defined 24. After realizing that avoiding the difficult conversation with his boss would only make things worse, Mark decided to ________ and ask for a promotion despite the risk of rejection. A. break the ice B. bite the bullet C. burn the midnight oil D. beat around the bush 25. When Sarah saw the video of the animal being abused, it ________. She immediately called the police to report the incident. A. made her day B. made her blood boil C. beat her brains out D. put her at ease Section B (A) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. indicated B. objective C. package D. traditionally E. diversity F. countered G. identical H. function I. exactly J. equivalent K. similarity Impossible translations If you are fluent in any language other than English, you have probably noticed that some things are impossible to translate ____26____. A Japanese designer marveling at an object’s shibui (a sort of simple yet timelessly elegant beauty) may feel frustrated by English’s lack of a precise ____27____. The words of different languages can divide and ____28____ their speakers’ thoughts and experiences differently, and provide support for the theory of “linguistic relativity”. This theory derives in part from the American linguist Edward Sapir’s 1929 claim that languages ____29____ to “index” their speakers’ “network of cultural patterns”. Yet Sapir also went a step further, claiming language users “do not live in the ____30____ world alone, but are very much at the mercy” of their languages. Few theories have proven as controversial. Sapir’s student Benjamin famously claimed in 1940 that the Hopi language’s lack of verb tenses (past, present, future) ____31____ its speakers have a different “psychic (心理的) experience” of time and the universe than Western physicists. This was ____32____ by a later study devoting nearly 400 pages to the language of time in Hopi, which included concepts such as “today”, “January” and so on. There is truth in both perspectives. At least some aspects of human languages must be ____33____ or nearly so, since they are all used by members of the same human species, with the same sorts of brains and patterns of communication. Yet recent increases in understanding of the world’s Indigenous (本土的) languages have taught us two important additional lessons. First, there is far more ____34____ among the world’s languages than previously believed. Second, differences are often related to the patterns of culture and environment in which languages are ____35____ spoken. For example, in many Himalayan languages, an expression like “that house” comes in three flavors: “that-house-upward”, “that-house-downward” and “that-house-on-the-same-level”—a reflection of the mountainous area where these speakers live in. When their speakers migrate to lower-elevation regions, the system may shift from “upward/downward” to “upriver/downriver”. (B) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. disciplines B. focused C. compatible D. maintain E. relatively F. economics G. nominated H. learnable I. specialize J. negatively K. comparable In every field, elite youth performers and elite adults were almost entirely separate groups. Around 90% of superstar adults had not been superstars as children, while only 10% of top-level kids had gone on to become exceptional adults. It is not just that exceptional performance in childhood did not predict exceptional performance as an adult. The two were actually ____36____ correlated, says Dr Güllich. The adult superstars also had a different approach to their fields from that of the child prodigies (神童) in that they seemed to ____37____ interests besides the one in which they eventually became elite. The best sportsmen and women tended to have played several sports at a(n) ____38____ high level. Their performance in the sport they played lagged behind that of their more ____39____ peers when they were young. But when they did ____40____ , their progress was much quicker. The same was true in other ____41____. Nobel-prizewinning scientists were less likely to have won academic scholarships than those ____42____ for a Nobel who did not win. They also took longer to reach senior academic positions and had less impressive early publication records. Why so many exceptional performers show the same pattern of later flowering is hard to answer. The researchers consulted the literature on excellence for theories of how it arises, but none seemed ____43____ with their data. Instead, they offer assumptions of their own. One is “search and match”, an idea derived from labour-market ____44____. This holds that having a broad range of interests and waiting before choosing offers a better chance of finding the field best suited to your talents. The young Rafael Nadal — another all-time-great tennis player — experimented with a career in football before opting for tennis. A second is “enhanced learning”, the idea that learning is itself a(n) ____45____ skill, and that a good way to develop it is to pursue a variety of things. The last is the limited-risk hypothesis that avoiding the hothouse (高强度环境) may stop youngsters from burning out after spending years pursuing it to the exclusion of all else. The researchers hope to extend their analysis to more fields such as business and art. Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (15’+30’= 45’) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Who Actually Wrote What You’re Reading? For decades, readers rarely questioned the authorship of what they encountered online. Today, that certainty ____46____. Artificial intelligence has become capable of producing convincing content at extraordinary speed. This change hasn’t arrived with a dramatic announcement. Instead, it has ____47____ integrated into everyday digital life. AI-generated text seems polished and informative, but in the ____48____ of obvious signs that a machine produced it. Readers and professionals alike are increasingly turning to AI detector tools to better trace the source of what they read. The most striking part lies in how ____49____ modern AI writing sounds. Trained on an enormous database to reproduce tone, structure, and style with impressive accuracy, AI-produced materials appear indistinguishable from human-created content. This ability has obvious ____50____. Writers draft content faster, businesses organize information more efficiently. To the great relief of self-taught ones, educational materials can be produced ____51____. Yet when both humans and machines can produce equally convincing text, trouble arises. Traditional hints that once ____52____ authorship become unreliable. Tone alone no longer reveals whether an article reflects living experience or algorithmic (算法的) prediction. Some may wonder why authorship matters if information itself is useful. The answer is ____53____ and context. Human authors contribute responsibility and expertise. If a claim is challenged, they can explain their reasoning; if an error appears, they have to take the blame. By contrast, AI operates differently: it generates text from data patterns rather than ____54____ understanding. A prescription written by a doctor carries more weight than an automatic AI version, as it is rooted in ____55____ knowledge with no context-free generalizations. Consequently, the rise of AI-generated writing is introducing a new dimension to ____56____. In the past, readers learned to cross-check facts, spot misinformation or identify ____57____ online. Today, they must also consider the origin of content to determine how it should be interpreted. ____58____, tools designed to identify AI-written content — by examining characteristics such as sentence predictability, structure, and language patterns — have come into being. These tools help maintain trustworthiness for the press, support academic ____59____ for educational world, and offer a way to better understand what is shaping the information they consume. The internet has always evolved ____60____ with technology. Historically, Search engines changed how people find information, social media changed how they share it. And now, with AI rewriting the rules of content creation, the Internet’s newest question may be simple, but it carries lasting significance: who actually wrote what you’re reading? 46. A. expands B. endures C. emerges D. fades 47. A. keenly B. quietly C. inevitably D. properly 48. A. absence B. representation C. disturbance D. supply 49. A. natural B. flexible C. formal D. shallow 50. A. requirements B. limitations C. features D. advantages 51. A. at ease B. at scale C. at leisure D. at random 52. A. targeted B. recognized C. analyzed D. signaled 53. A. humanity B. accountability C. priority D. quantity 54. A. genuine B. temporary C. instinctive D. mutual 55. A. extensive B. fundamental C. professional D. internal 56. A. technology dependence B. digital literacy C. school discipline D. social norm 57. A. clues B. prejudices C. proofs D. patterns 58. A. Controversially B. Luckily C. Specifically D. Literally 59. A. integrity B. diversity C. vitality D. consistency 60. A. neck and neck B. toe to toe C. face to face D. hand in hand Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Several years ago, I began asking my friends and family to tell me their passwords. I had come to believe that these tiny personalized codes get a bum rap. Yes, I understand why passwords are universally hated: the strains they put on our memory, the endless demand to update them, their sheer number. I hate them too. But there is more to passwords than their annoyance. In the fact that we construct them so that we (and only we) will remember them, they take on secret lives. Many of our passwords are filled with suffering, mischief, sometimes even poetry. Often they have rich backstories. There was the former prisoner whose password includes what used to be his identification number(“a reminder not to go back” ); the childless 45-year-old whose password is the name of the baby boy she lost ( “my way of trying to keep him alive, I guess”). Sometimes the passwords were playful. Several people said they used incorrect for theirs so that when they forgot it, the software automatically gave them the right one( “your password is incorrect”). Some passwords were striking for their creativity, folding big thoughts down into tidy little codes. After being inspired by Sheryl Sandberg’s book Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead. Cortni Kerr, a running partner of mine, began using Ww$$dol3, which stood for “What would Sheryl Sandberg do” plus “13” for the year(2013) of the password’s creation. TnsitTpsif was the password of another friend, a computer scientist who loves wordplay. It stands for “The next sentence is true. The previous sentence is false,” which in philosophy is called a liar’s paradox. For my friend, it was a playful reference to the knots that language can tie. While asking strangers about their passwords is a touchy proposition, it’s not every day that you come across a conversation topic that teaches you new things about people you’ve known for years. The 4622 that my wife uses in her passwords was not just the address of her own father’s childhood home but also a reminder of his weakness and strength. Apparently when the former 270-pound football standout, a scholarship athlete and the pride of his working-class neighborhood in west Tulsa, was a small boy, he had to sing his home address(4622 South 28th West Avenue) in one full breath rather than try to say it normally, otherwise, his stutter (口吃) would trip him up. 61. What does the phrase “a bum rap” (paragraph 1) most probably mean? A. an imaginative story B. an unreasonable structure C. a false blame D. a notable exception 62. Which of the following passwords does the writer use as an example of those with a touch of humour? A. An identification number. B. The word “incorrect” C. WwS$do13. D. TnsitTpsif. 63. Why does the writer’s wife use the number “4622” in her passwords? A. It reminded her of her father. B. It helped her to overcome stutter. C. It was the address of her childhood home. D. It was part of the name of her favourite song. 64. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. The Development of Passwords. B. The Secret Lives of Passwords. C. Why Everybody Hates Passwords. D. Passwords: What We Can’t Live Without. (B) COURSE: History 101 “Introduction to American History” INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Jane Klammer OFFICE: 305 Marshall Hall OFFICE HOURS: 11:15-12:30 M W F (Monday Wednesday Friday) CLASS: 363 Marshall Hall 3:35-5:00 T Th (Tuesday Thursday) 10:10-11:00 M W F Other times by appointment TELEPHONE: 255-4786 TEXTBOOK: Green, Robert P, The American Tradition: A History of the United States. Charles E. Merrill publishing Co. Columbus, Ohio 1984, which is available at the College Bookstore. COURSE Requirements: mid-term exam: October 10 20% of the final grade final exam: December 10 40% of the final grade term paper due: December 15 40% of the final grade Attendance is not required, but you are responsible for all the information given in the class lectures. In the lectures, I will talk about the chapters in the textbook and other material that I choose to supplement the course. The exams will cover all this information. Therefore, I advise you to come to the class as much as possible. If you have to miss a class, be sure to get the class notes from another student. Your homework assignments are listed on the next page. You are supposed to read the chapter about which I will be lecturing before you come to class. This is to make sure that you understand as much as possible while taking notes in my lectures. Be prepared when you come to class. If there are any changes in the assigned homework reading, I will announce in class. The term paper is 40% of your final grade. It should not exceed fifteen pages. (Anyone thinking of majoring in history may write twenty-five pages.) Before the mid-term exam you will choose the topic for your paper. Have a good term! 65. If a student wants to know what the homework assignments are, ______. A. Prof. Klammer announces them in class B. the student reads the list on the next page C. Prof. Klammer gives a list every week D. The student goes to the professor's office 66. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The textbook is written by Dr. Jane Klammer. B. If you miss a class, be sure to say sorry to Prof. Klammer. C. Prof. Klammer advises her students to preview the chapters to be covered in class. D. The students can buy “Introduction to American History” at the College Bookstore. 67. If Amber Chen, a freshman, thinks that she might major in history, what is the maximum length of her paper can be? A. Fifteen pages. B. Twenty-five pages. C. Ten pages. D. No maximum. (C) Bad luck always seems to strike at the worst possible moment. A man about to interview for his dream job gets stuck in traffic. A law student taking her final exam wakes up with a blinding headache. A runner twists his ankle minutes before a big race. These are all perfect examples of cruel fate (命运). Or are they? Psychologists who study such common accidents now believe that in many instances they may be carefully arranged schemes of the subconscious mind and that people often engage in a form of self-defeating behavior known as self-handicapping-or, in plain terms, excuse-making. It’s a simple process: By taking on a crippling handicap, a person makes it more likely that he or she will fail at an endeavor (努力,事业).Though it seems like a crazy thing to do, researchers say it is actually a clever trick of the mind, one that sets up a win-win situation by allowing a person to save face when he or she does fail. A classic self-handicapper is the French chess player Deschapelles who quickly became champion of his region. But when competition grew tougher, he adopted a new condition for all matches: He would compete only if his opponent would remove one of Deschapelles’ pawns (〈国际象棋中的〉兵,卒)and make the first move,increasing the odds (概率)that Deschapelles would lose. If he did lose, he could blame it on the other player's advantage; but if he won against such odds, he would be more respected for his amazing talents. Psychologists now use the term “Deschapelles coup” to refer to acts of self-handicapping prevailing in today’s world. Overall, men are more likely than women to make excuses. Several studies suggest that men feel the need to appear competent in all realms, while women worry only about the skills in which they’ve invested heavily. Ask a man and a woman to go scuba diving (水肺潜水)for the first time, and the woman is likely to jump in, while the man is likely to first make it known that he's not feeling too well. In fact, the people most likely to become chronic excuse makers are those obsessed with success, says the researcher. Such people are so afraid of being labeled a failure at anything that they constantly develop one handicap or another in order to explain their failures. Self-handicapping may be an effective way of coping with performance anxiety. In the end, researchers say, it is a Faustian bargain (浮士德契约).Over the long run, excuse makers fail to live up to their true potential. And despite their protests to the contrary, they have only themselves to blame. 68. Which of the following is the chief topic of the passage? A. An analysis on how people avoid failure. B. A comparison between the ways men and women avoid failure. C. The story of a classic self-handicapper, Deschapelles. D. The psychological tricks some people use to avoid failure. 69. It can be inferred from the passage that a student who wanted to engage in self-handicapping would most probably____. A. work as hard as possible for an important exam B. try to cheat on a test to get a high score C. get drunk the night before a big exam D. take down only the key points in the class 70. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Men are more competent than women in most trades. B. Deschapelles’ way of self-handicapping was to give his opponents more advantages. C. By self-handicapping, Deschapelles succeeded in showing the true limits of his ability. D. Men are more ready to face new challenges than women. 71. By saying “it is a Faustian bargain,” researchers mean that ____. A. self-handicapping is often an effective method of dealing with anxiety B. chronic excuse-making is an indication of one's depression C. excuse-makers will suffer from the destructive behavior eventually D. self-handicapping behavior is a difficult and complex process to understand Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. (D) Research from Gloria Mark, a professor of informatics at the University of California, indicates that our attention spans are about one-third as long as they were in 2004, with the biggest drops happening around 2012. Long-running surveys reveal that the percentage of 18-year-olds who report difficulty thinking and concentrating has jumped markedly over the past decade. Many of these declines in cognitive skills became notable starting in the mid-2010s, exactly the period when smartphones took over the world and the digital attention economy exploded in size. An increasing amount of research implies that this timing is no coincidence. ____72____. The growth of A.I. has brought new cognitive concerns. ____73____. Another recent study, which tracked the brain activity of research subjects who were writing with the help of large language models, found that “brain connectivity systematically scaled down with the amount of external support.” The loss of our ability to think is a big deal. Close to 40 percent of the U.S. GDP comes from so-called knowledge and technology-intensive industries, from aerospace manufacturing to financial and information services. Companies in these fields transform advanced human thought into revenue. ____74____. It is notable that productivity growth in the private business sector stagnated (停滞) during the 2010s, when technology became measurably more distracting. ____75____. Thinking is what lets us make sense of information in a complicated world. As president, Abraham Lincoln used to regularly retreat to his cottage to find the solitude needed to think intensively about the decisions facing him as commander in chief. A contemporary letter from a Treasury (财政部) employee visiting Lincoln at the cottage during these years describes finding the president “reposed in a broad chair, one leg hanging over its arm. He seemed to be in deep thought.” A. A study revealed a “significant negative correlation between frequent A.I. tool usage and critical thinking abilities.” B. A reduced ability to use our brains also has worrying personal effects. C. As we weaken our brains, we also threaten to weaken our economy. D. The rise of social media platforms has led to a global decline in literacy rates. E. A meta-analysis released last fall showed that consuming short-form video content is associated with poorer cognition and reduced attention. F. A recent study in neuroscience suggests that human brains are naturally evolving to adapt to the advance of A.I. *Part Ⅱ Ⅰ. Grammar (10’ + 10’) Section A (A) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. As spring weather settles over the Northern Hemisphere, those barren branches will soon be bursting with color. Just like humans, plants have a circadian clock (生物钟) which helps ___76___ tell time. They rely on seasonal changes to both air temperature and sunlight ___77___ (know) that winter is on its way out and that it’s time to bloom. Longer days and warmer temperatures are the seasonal cues for plants that bloom in the spring. Plants with leaves are particularly sensitive ___78___ sunlight, which steadily increases from March until the summer solstice (夏至) in late June. For plants like daffodils and tulips ___79___ the flower comes out of the ground or on branches like cherry trees, increasing temperatures are their main cue to bloom. Chronobiologist Takato Imaizumi from the University of Washington shares more about ___80___ our planet’s plants sense these seasonal changes. California’s notorious hot and dry Death Valley (死亡谷) ___81___ (see) a wildflower superbloom this year thanks to extra rain. ___82___ the bloom is past peak in some locations, higher elevations will see blooms from April through June. Washington DC’s famed cherry blossom trees also ___83___ (project) to reach peak bloom March 29 through April 1. The yoshinotrees (日本樱花树) that ___84___ (dot) the National Mall typically bloom for several days. The length depends on weather conditions. Cool and calm weather can extend the length of the bloom, while a rainy, windy day can halt (阻碍) these delicate blossoms. A late frost can also prevent the trees ____85____ (bloom) at all. (B) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Endangered penguins living off South Africa’s coast have likely starved in large numbers due to food shortages, a study said, with some populations dropping by 95% in just eight years. The species ____86____ (list) as critically endangered last year by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Two of ____87____ (important) breeding colonies near Cape Town had collapsed between 2004 and 2011, with some 62,000 birds estimated ____88____ (die), the study by the UK’s University of Exeter and the South African Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment said. In those eight years, sardine (沙丁鱼) populations in South African waters — ____89____ main food source for penguins — were consistently below 25% of their peak abundance, said co-author and biologist Richard Sherley. This drop in sardine stocks was due to fishing practices ____90____ (combine) with environmental causes such as changes in water temperatures and salinity (盐度). “This appears to have caused severe food shortage for African penguins, leading to a(n) ____91____ (estimate) loss of about 62,000 breeding individuals,” Sherley said. The scientists said the global population of the species ____92____ (decline) by nearly 80% in the past 30 years. Conservationists say that ____93____ the current rate of population decrease, the bird could be extinct in the wild by 2035. For 10 years, authorities have imposed a commercial fishing ban around six penguin colonies, including Robben and Dassen islands, the two sites ____94____ (observe) in the study. Other initiatives underway include artificial nests and ____95____ (create) new colonies. The birds are a strong attraction for tourists to South Africa, with thousands of people visiting colonies each year. But the pressure from tourism also disturbs the birds and causes enhanced stress. Ⅱ. Translation (3’+3’+4’+5’) Directions: Translate the following phrases and sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 96. 我们不禁好奇，此次培训面向的对象是谁。(target v.) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 97. 这位物理学家致力于与那位数学家合作，以攻克这一长期存在的难题。(dedicate) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 98. 未来是否会有这样一个时刻：研究人员会开发出一种革命性的材料，该材料即便在最强地震发生时也能防止建筑物倒塌?(keep) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 99. 与传统教学方式相比，线上教育在一定程度上更具灵活性，这主要归功于教育者配备了先进的数字化工具。(arm v.) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年度第二学期 高一英语期中考试卷 (满分150分，130分钟完成。答案一律写在答题纸上。) Part Ⅰ Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (25’) Section A Short Conversations Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. In a gym. B. At a circus. C. In a car. D. At a restaurant. 2. A. It is outstanding. B. It needs more promotion. C. It features a famous artist. D. It is far from his expectation. 3. A. What the conference is about. B. When the conference will be held. C. How they are going to the conference. D. Where they will go for the conference. 4. A. She would like some help. B. She does not want any help. C. She already has enough help. D. She is unsure if she needs help. 5. A. Work harder. B. Take a break. C. Change her job. D. Ignore the stress. 6. A. It will have sci-fi elements. B. It will inspire a sci-fi movie. C. It will have an age-old theme. D. It will ask participants to dress casually. 7. A. He failed to get the tickets. B. He got the tickets but it was difficult. C. He found a way to get the tickets easily. D. He decided to give up the tickets to the woman. 8. A. She is definitely going. B. She has decided not to go. C. She thinks the event will be boring. D. She is hesitant about whether to go. 9. A. She dislikes her new job. B. Last year was terrible for her. C. They have been busy for the last year. D. They need to accomplish more next year. 10. A. Success takes time and effort. B. He should rush his preparation. C. The presentation is unimportant. D. He should devote more to preparation. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Food traditions. B. Farming customs. C. Eating techniques. D. Animal domestication. 12. A. What they could plant as food. B. What animals they kept at home. C. What farming techniques they developed. D. What they could find in their surroundings. 13. A. Chopsticks. B. A seashell. C. Pointed knives. D. Spoons. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The future of the English language. B. The impact of the English language. C. The evolution of the English language. D. The protection of the English language. 15. A. English became standardized. B. English grammar became simpler. C. French was absorbed into English. D. French replaced English for a short time. 16. A. People all over the world had adapted it. B. The world needed a language for business. C. English was considered a flexible language. D. English contained a rich and large vocabulary. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Approaches to gardening. B. The benefits of gardening. C. A community gardening project. D. Recipes for home-grown tomatoes. 18. A. He is greatly interested in gardening. B. He spends a lot of time on gardening. C. Gardening brings him close to nature. D. Gardening enables him to see various plants. 19. A. They allow for social bonding. B. They often involve big gardens. C. They require more special skills. D. They are popular among citizens. 20. A. The idea of making homemade salad. B. The opportunity to grow unusual plants. C. The suggestion to join a community garden. D. The availability of gardening tools at home. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary (25’+ 20*1’= 45’) Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. 1. This is the system in ________ development Professor Li actively participated, and it has revolutionized the way we process data. A. which B. where C. whose D. that 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：这就是李教授积极参与其开发的系统，它彻底改变了我们处理数据的方式。此处包含一个限制性定语从句，先行词为the system。从句中participate in为固定搭配，意为“参与”，介词in被提前至关系词前。从句的完整表达为“Professor Li actively participated in its (the system's) development”，关系词在从句中作定语修饰名词development，表示“该系统的”，应用关系代词whose。 2. — See to it that the window ________ before you leave the classroom. — But the window just ________ shut properly. A. is closed… doesn’t B. is closed… won’t C. will be closed… won’t D. will be closed… doesn’t 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：——务必保证你离开教室前窗户是关好的。——但这扇窗户就是关不严。第一句中，see to it that...是固定句型，从句需要用一般现在时表要求，且谓语动词close和主语the window之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态is closed；第二空表示窗户本身就有“关不严”的固有属性，习惯用won’t表达这种顽固的倾向。 3. They didn’t discover until they accidentally entered the room ________ someone had stolen the painting. A. which B. when C. where D. that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：直到他们偶然走进那个房间，他们才发现有人偷了那幅画。设空处引导宾语从句，作动词discover的宾语（until引导的时间状语从句插在了谓语动词和宾语从句之间）。从句“someone had stolen the painting”结构和意义都完整，因此需要使用只起连接作用且无实际意义的连词that。 4. Adults, ________ overly concerned with fame and fortune, sometimes fail to see the joy in simple things ________ children do not. A. unless; but B. although; while C. when; where D. if; unless 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：成年人，当过于关注名利时，有时看不到简单事物中的乐趣，而孩子们却不会（这样）。此处表示“当过于关注名利时”，空格处意为“当……的时候”，第一空用when引导时间状语从句，省略了they are；第二空所在处表示“在简单的事情中孩子们不会看不到简单事物中的乐趣”，第二空用where引导定语从句，先行词things，从句中作抽象地点状语。 5. The unemployment problem we are looking forward to seeing ________ ought to have drawn widespread concern. A. handling B. to be handled C. handled D. to handle 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们期盼看到得到解决的失业问题本应受到广泛关注。该句中“we are looking forward to seeing”为省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词problem，先行词在从句中作宾语，所以此处为“see+宾语+宾补”结构的变形，宾语the unemployment problem与handle为被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语。 6. The new smartphone model turned out to be such a success ________ the manufacturer who designed the prototype (原型) immediately decided to launch a new series. A. when B. as C. since D. that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：这款新的智能手机模型结果是如此成功，以至于设计原型的制造商立即决定推出一个新系列。such...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，因此空格处是that。 7. For years he was a mountain rescue volunteer, a job he was passionate about because it ________ into unfamiliar regions with a strong sense of purpose. A. was required to venture B. required venturing C. required to venture D. was required venturing 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：多年来，他一直是一名山地救援志愿者，这是一份他充满热情的工作，因为它要求带着强烈的目标感冒险进入陌生的区域。require作“需要，要求”讲时，当主语是物（如本题中从句主语it指代前面的a job）时，常接动名词作宾语，主动表达被动。it与require为主动关系。 8. That’s such an amazing museum ________ every art enthusiast longs to visit, ________ countless precious artworks. A. where…housing B. which…housed C. that…housed D. as…housing 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：这座博物馆太棒了，每位艺术爱好者都想去参观，馆内收藏着无数珍贵艺术品。分析句子可知，第一空考查定语从句，先行词为museum，前面有such修饰，且从句中动词visit缺少宾语，故使用as引导定语从句，构成such...as...固定结构；第二空考查非谓语动词，动词house（收藏）与逻辑主语museum之间为主动关系，故使用现在分词housing作状语。 9. The old castle had stood undisturbed ________ the surrounding forest had grown to envelop it completely, creating an air of mystery around it. A. so long that B. for so long as C. as long as D. for so long that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：这座古堡未受打扰地矗立了如此之久，以至于周围的森林已经生长起来将其完全包围，在它周围营造出一种神秘的气氛。句中使用了“so...that...”句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，同时，表示动作持续的时间段通常用介词for，因此“for so long”作时间状语，修饰动词“stood”，结合句意，表示“矗立了如此之久以至于……”符合逻辑。 10. In our discussion of the origins of the universe, we saw that there was reason to believe ________ we proposed must be based on scientific evidence rather than mere assumption. A. how B. which C. whatever D. that 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：在我们关于宇宙起源的讨论中，我们明白有理由相信，无论我们提出什么，都必须基于科学证据，而不是仅仅基于假设。believe后接一个省略了引导词that的宾语从句。在该宾语从句中，________ we proposed为主语从句，作整个宾语从句的主语。主语从句中谓语动词proposed是及物动词，其后缺少宾语，且没有范围限制，表示“无论提出什么”，应用whatever引导，相当于anything that。 11. It was not so much the opportunities she got ________ the way she seized and made the most of them ________ made her succeed. A. but; that B. as; that C. nor; which D. or; that 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：与其说是她获得的机会，不如说是她抓住并充分利用这些机会的方式使她取得了成功。not so much... as...为固定搭配，意为“与其说……不如说……”；第二个空为强调句型，结构为It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分，本句强调的是主语。 12. ________ attempts to smuggle (走私) the rare animals across the border, the smuggler is now facing severe legal consequences, including a long prison sentence and heavy fines. A. Found to have made B. Found to make C. To be found to have made D. Finding to have made 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：被发现曾试图将珍稀动物走私过境，这名走私者现在正面临严重的法律后果，包括长期的监禁和巨额罚款。主语the smuggler与动词find之间为逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），故应用过去分词found作状语。同时，固定搭配find sb. to do/to have done sth.的被动形式为sb. be found to do/to have done sth.，此处“试图走私（make attempts to smuggle）”的动作发生在谓语动词“面临（is facing）”之前，故应用不定式的完成式to have done作主语补足语。 13. Despite every effort ________ to save the endangered species, the number of these animals in the wild continues to decline at an alarming rate. A. made B. has been made C. to be made D. having been made 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：尽管为了拯救濒危物种做出了所有的努力，野生环境中这些动物的数量仍在以惊人的速度持续下降。Despite为介词，其后只能接名词或名词短语，不能接完整的句子，因此空格处应填入非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词effort。固定搭配make an effort to do sth.意为“努力做某事”，名词effort与动词make之间为逻辑上的被动关系，且表示动作已经发生，故应用过去分词形式made作后置定语。 14. Some are born lucky, some create luck by their actions, and some have luck ________ upon them. A. to shower B. showered C. being showered D. shower 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：有些人天生幸运，有些人通过自己的行动创造幸运，还有些人则有幸运降临在他们身上。此处为“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。宾语luck与动词shower(大量给予，倾注)之间为逻辑上的被动关系，因此需用过去分词作宾语补足语。 15. When humans develop machines that are smarter than they are and machines begin to improve themselves, they risk ________ the mathematician IJ Good called an “intelligence explosion”. A. what B. which C. that D. whatever 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：当人类开发出比自己更聪明的机器，并且机器开始自我改进时，他们就面临着数学家IJ古德所称的“智能爆炸”的风险。空处引导宾语从句，作动词risk的宾语。在从句中，谓语动词called后面缺少宾语（call sth.+宾补），且指代事物，需要用代词what引导。 16. Despite numerous setbacks, including a critical funding shortage, the startup company ________ managed to launch its innovative product on schedule. A. instantly B. permanently C. eventually D. significantly 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：尽管经历了包括严重的资金短缺在内的无数挫折，这家初创公司最终还是设法按时推出了其创新产品。A. instantly立即地；B. permanently永久地；C. eventually最终；D. significantly显著地。根据后文managed to launch its innovative product on schedule指这家初创公司最终还是设法按时推出了其创新产品。 17. The sudden closure of the manufacturing plant has ________ the local economy hard, triggering a chain reaction of bankruptcies among small businesses that relied on its supply chain. A. defeated B. hit C. stabilized D. boosted 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：这家制造厂的突然倒闭严重打击了当地经济，在依赖其供应链的小企业中引发了破产的连锁反应。A. defeated击败；B. hit打击；C. stabilized使稳定；D. boosted促进。根据题干triggering a chain reaction of bankruptcies（引发了破产的连锁反应）可知，工厂倒闭对当地经济造成了严重的负面影响，且hit...hard为常见搭配，意为“严重打击……”，符合语境。 18. The inventor demonstrated a(n) ________ mind during the brainstorming session, proposing several innovative solutions that even the most experienced engineers had overlooked. A. sharp B. alert C. cautious D. decisive 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：在头脑风暴会议期间，这位发明家展现出了敏锐的头脑，提出了几个连最有经验的工程师都忽略了的创新解决方案。A. sharp敏锐的；B. alert警觉的；C. cautious谨慎的；D. decisive果断的。根据题干中的“proposing several innovative solutions that even the most experienced engineers had overlooked”可知，这位发明家能提出别人忽略的创新方案，说明他的头脑非常敏锐。 19. The marketing team decided to ________ several high-profile influencers to promote their new product. A. encounter B. approach C. pursue D. attain 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：营销团队决定去接洽几位高知名度的网红，来推广他们的新产品。A. encounter遇到；B. approach接洽；C. pursue追求；D. attain获得。由“several high-profile influencers to promote their new product”可知，此处表示“接洽几位高知名度的网红，来推广他们的新产品”，空格处意为“接洽”，填动词approach。 20. The local café owner noticed that a man in a gray coat had become a(n) ________ over the past few months, always ordering the same drink and sitting at the same corner table. A. regular B. visitor C. guest D. sponsor 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：这家本地咖啡馆店主注意到，近几个月来一名穿灰色外套的男子成了常客，他总是点同款饮品，坐在同一个角落座位。A. regular常客；B. visitor访客；C. guest宾客；D. sponsor赞助商。根据后文“always ordering the same drink and sitting at the same corner table”可知，消费者经常反复固定的消费举动，能判断此人是店内常客。 21. The ancient skill of navigating by the stars has become ________ in the age of GPS, as sailors rely on electronic devices instead. A. predictable B. expert C. glorious D. extinct 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：在GPS时代，由于水手们转而依赖电子设备，靠星星导航的古老技能已经变得绝迹了。A. predictable可预测的；B. expert专业的；C. glorious辉煌的；D. extinct灭绝的、消亡的。根据后文“as sailors rely on electronic devices instead”可知，水手们转而使用电子设备，因此古老的星象导航技艺已经无人使用，逐渐绝迹。 22. The thick fog rolling in from the sea ________ to delay the rescue operation, as visibility dropped to almost zero. A. guaranteed B. promised C. threatened D. contributed 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：海上涌来的浓雾险些耽误救援行动，能见度几乎降至零。A. guaranteed保证；B. promised承诺；C. threatened(坏事) 可能发生、险些造成；D. contributed促成。根据后文的“as visibility dropped to almost zero.”可知，浓雾导致能见度极低，所以，浓雾有阻碍救援的趋势，即浓雾带来延误救援的坏可能性。 23. The insurance company ________ the risk of flooding in the coastal area as “high” due to rising sea levels and frequent storms. A. rated B. categorized C. considered D. defined 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：由于海平面上升和频繁的风暴，保险公司将沿海地区发生洪水的风险评估为“高”。A. rated评估，评级；B. categorized分类；C. considered认为；D. defined定义。题干中涉及保险公司对风险等级的判定，重点搭配为rate sth. as...“将……评级/评估为……”，符合语境。 24. After realizing that avoiding the difficult conversation with his boss would only make things worse, Mark decided to ________ and ask for a promotion despite the risk of rejection. A. break the ice B. bite the bullet C. burn the midnight oil D. beat around the bush 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：马克意识到回避和老板的艰难谈话只会让情况更糟后，他决定迎难而上，冒着被拒绝的风险主动请求升职。A. break the ice打破僵局；B. bite the bullet硬着头皮迎难而上；C. burn the midnight oil熬夜用功；D. beat around the bush拐弯抹角。根据前文“After realizing that avoiding the difficult conversation with his boss would only make things worse”以及“ask for a promotion despite the risk of rejection”可知，马克不愿逃避难题，决定主动直面问题，尽管有被拒绝的风险。 25. When Sarah saw the video of the animal being abused, it ________. She immediately called the police to report the incident. A. made her day B. made her blood boil C. beat her brains out D. put her at ease 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：当莎拉看到动物被虐待的视频时，这让她怒火中烧。她立刻报警报告了这一事件。A.make one's day让某人非常高兴；B. make one's blood boil让某人怒火中烧；C.beat one's brains out绞尽脑汁；D. put sb. at ease使某人感到轻松。根据saw the video of the animal being abused和immediately called the police可知，看到动物被虐待的视频让她非常愤怒。 Section B (A) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. indicated B. objective C. package D. traditionally E. diversity F. countered G. identical H. function I. exactly J. equivalent K. similarity Impossible translations If you are fluent in any language other than English, you have probably noticed that some things are impossible to translate ____26____. A Japanese designer marveling at an object’s shibui (a sort of simple yet timelessly elegant beauty) may feel frustrated by English’s lack of a precise ____27____. The words of different languages can divide and ____28____ their speakers’ thoughts and experiences differently, and provide support for the theory of “linguistic relativity”. This theory derives in part from the American linguist Edward Sapir’s 1929 claim that languages ____29____ to “index” their speakers’ “network of cultural patterns”. Yet Sapir also went a step further, claiming language users “do not live in the ____30____ world alone, but are very much at the mercy” of their languages. Few theories have proven as controversial. Sapir’s student Benjamin famously claimed in 1940 that the Hopi language’s lack of verb tenses (past, present, future) ____31____ its speakers have a different “psychic (心理的) experience” of time and the universe than Western physicists. This was ____32____ by a later study devoting nearly 400 pages to the language of time in Hopi, which included concepts such as “today”, “January” and so on. There is truth in both perspectives. At least some aspects of human languages must be ____33____ or nearly so, since they are all used by members of the same human species, with the same sorts of brains and patterns of communication. Yet recent increases in understanding of the world’s Indigenous (本土的) languages have taught us two important additional lessons. First, there is far more ____34____ among the world’s languages than previously believed. Second, differences are often related to the patterns of culture and environment in which languages are ____35____ spoken. For example, in many Himalayan languages, an expression like “that house” comes in three flavors: “that-house-upward”, “that-house-downward” and “that-house-on-the-same-level”—a reflection of the mountainous area where these speakers live in. When their speakers migrate to lower-elevation regions, the system may shift from “upward/downward” to “upriver/downriver”. 【答案】26. I 27. J 28. C 29. H 30. B 31. A 32. F 33. G 34. E 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要围绕 “语言相对论” 展开，探讨不同语言间难以精准翻译的现象、语言对思维的影响，以及语言共性与差异的成因。 【26题详解】 考查副词。句意：如果你精通英语以外的任何语言，你可能会注意到有些东西完全无法翻译。修饰动词 translate 需用副词，结合后文“日语 shibui 一词英语无精准对应词”，可知此处指无法精准翻译，exactly(完全地、精准地)符合语境。 【27题详解】 考查名词。句意：一位惊叹于物品“shibui”（一种简约却永恒优雅的美）的日本设计师，可能会因英语中缺乏精准对应词而感到沮丧。形容词precise后接名词，此处指英语中没有和shibui对等的表达，equivalent(对应物、等价词)符合语境。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：不同语言的词汇会以不同方式划分并包装使用者的思想和经历，这为“语言相对论” 提供了依据。与 divide 并列，需用动词原形，结合语境语言会区分思维，package作动词表“包装”，符合语境。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：这一理论部分源于美国语言学家爱德华・萨丕尔 1929 年的观点，即语言起到标注使用者“文化模式网络”的作用。宾语从句缺谓语动词，结合“index(标注)”，可知 function(起作用、行使职能)符合语境。 【30题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但萨丕尔进一步提出，语言使用者 “并非独自生活在客观世界中，而是很大程度上受语言的支配”。修饰名词world需用形容词，客观世界为固定搭配，objective(客观的)符合语境。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：萨丕尔的学生本杰明在 1940 年提出著名观点，霍皮语缺乏动词时态，这表明其使用者对时间和宇宙的心理体验与西方物理学家不同。宾语从句缺谓语动词，主语为“缺乏时态”这件事，indicated(表明、暗示)符合语境。 【32题详解】 考查动词被动语态。句意：这一观点遭到后续一项研究的反驳，该研究用近 400 页篇幅分析霍皮语中的时间表达，包含 “今天”“一月” 等概念。此处为被动语态，结合后文研究反对前文观点，countered(反驳、驳斥)符合语境。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：人类语言至少在某些方面一定是相同的或近乎相同，因为它们都由人类使用，人类拥有相同的大脑和交流模式。作表语需用形容词，结合后文原因，可知语言有共性，identical(完全相同的)符合语境。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：首先，世界上各类语言之间的差异性远比人们此前所想的要大得多。此处作主语，diversity意为差异、多样性，符合后文讲述语言不同之处的语境。 【35题详解】 考查副词。句意：其次，语言差异通常与传统使用该语言的文化和环境模式相关。修饰动词spoken需用副词，traditionally(传统地)符合语境。 (B) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. disciplines B. focused C. compatible D. maintain E. relatively F. economics G. nominated H. learnable I. specialize J. negatively K. comparable In every field, elite youth performers and elite adults were almost entirely separate groups. Around 90% of superstar adults had not been superstars as children, while only 10% of top-level kids had gone on to become exceptional adults. It is not just that exceptional performance in childhood did not predict exceptional performance as an adult. The two were actually ____36____ correlated, says Dr Güllich. The adult superstars also had a different approach to their fields from that of the child prodigies (神童) in that they seemed to ____37____ interests besides the one in which they eventually became elite. The best sportsmen and women tended to have played several sports at a(n) ____38____ high level. Their performance in the sport they played lagged behind that of their more ____39____ peers when they were young. But when they did ____40____ , their progress was much quicker. The same was true in other ____41____. Nobel-prizewinning scientists were less likely to have won academic scholarships than those ____42____ for a Nobel who did not win. They also took longer to reach senior academic positions and had less impressive early publication records. Why so many exceptional performers show the same pattern of later flowering is hard to answer. The researchers consulted the literature on excellence for theories of how it arises, but none seemed ____43____ with their data. Instead, they offer assumptions of their own. One is “search and match”, an idea derived from labour-market ____44____. This holds that having a broad range of interests and waiting before choosing offers a better chance of finding the field best suited to your talents. The young Rafael Nadal — another all-time-great tennis player — experimented with a career in football before opting for tennis. A second is “enhanced learning”, the idea that learning is itself a(n) ____45____ skill, and that a good way to develop it is to pursue a variety of things. The last is the limited-risk hypothesis that avoiding the hothouse (高强度环境) may stop youngsters from burning out after spending years pursuing it to the exclusion of all else. The researchers hope to extend their analysis to more fields such as business and art. 【答案】36. J 37. D 38. E 39. B 40. I 41. A 42. G 43. C 44. F 45. H 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了一项研究发现：各领域中，童年表现优异者与成年顶尖从业者几乎是两个不同群体，成年精英人士童年多涉猎广泛、后期才专注单一领域，并从“搜索匹配”“强化学习”“有限风险假设”三方面解释了该现象。 【36题详解】 考查副词。句意：古利希博士说，这两者实际上呈负相关。空处需填副词修饰形容词correlated，结合前文“童年优异表现并不能预测成年优异表现”，可知二者是负相关，negatively(负地)符合语境。 【37题详解】 考查动词。句意：成年巨星与神童对待所在领域的方式也不同，他们似乎在最终成为精英的领域之外还保持着其他兴趣。seem to后接动词原形，结合后文“成年精英童年参与多种运动”，可知他们会保持其他兴趣，maintain(保持)符合语境。 【38题详解】 考查副词。句意：最优秀的运动员往往在相对较高的水平上参加过多种运动。空处需填副词修饰形容词 high，此处指水平相对较高，relatively(相对地)符合语境。 【39题详解】 考查形容词。句意：年轻时，他们在所选运动项目上的表现落后于更专注的同龄人。空处需填形容词修饰名词peers，结合前文成年精英涉猎广泛，对比之下同龄人更专注单一领域，focused(专注的)符合语境。 【40题详解】 考查动词。句意：但当他们确实专注于某一领域时，进步会快得多。did后接动词原形表强调，结合前文对比同龄人专注，此处指他们后期才专注，specialize(专攻；专注于)符合语境。 【41题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：其他学科领域也是如此。other后接可数名词复数，前文讲运动领域，此处延伸到其他学科，disciplines(学科；领域)符合语境。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：诺贝尔奖得主比那些获得诺贝尔奖提名但未获奖的人获得学术奖学金的可能性更小。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰those，二者之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，nominated(被提名)符合语境。 【43题详解】 考查形容词。句意：研究人员查阅了关于卓越成就成因的文献，但似乎没有一种理论与他们的数据相符。空处需填形容词作表语，结合语境指理论与数据不匹配，compatible（兼容的；相符的）符合语境。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：一种是 “搜索与匹配”，这一观点源于劳动力市场经济学。空处需填名词，结合“labour-market(劳动力市场)”，可知对应经济学，economics(经济学)符合语境。 【45题详解】 考查形容词。句意：第二种是 “强化学习”，即学习本身是一种可习得的技能，培养这种技能的好方法是涉猎多种事物。空处需填形容词修饰名词skill，结合语境指可习得的技能，learnable(可习得的)符合语境。 Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (15’+30’= 45’) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Who Actually Wrote What You’re Reading? For decades, readers rarely questioned the authorship of what they encountered online. Today, that certainty ____46____. Artificial intelligence has become capable of producing convincing content at extraordinary speed. This change hasn’t arrived with a dramatic announcement. Instead, it has ____47____ integrated into everyday digital life. AI-generated text seems polished and informative, but in the ____48____ of obvious signs that a machine produced it. Readers and professionals alike are increasingly turning to AI detector tools to better trace the source of what they read. The most striking part lies in how ____49____ modern AI writing sounds. Trained on an enormous database to reproduce tone, structure, and style with impressive accuracy, AI-produced materials appear indistinguishable from human-created content. This ability has obvious ____50____. Writers draft content faster, businesses organize information more efficiently. To the great relief of self-taught ones, educational materials can be produced ____51____. Yet when both humans and machines can produce equally convincing text, trouble arises. Traditional hints that once ____52____ authorship become unreliable. Tone alone no longer reveals whether an article reflects living experience or algorithmic (算法的) prediction. Some may wonder why authorship matters if information itself is useful. The answer is ____53____ and context. Human authors contribute responsibility and expertise. If a claim is challenged, they can explain their reasoning; if an error appears, they have to take the blame. By contrast, AI operates differently: it generates text from data patterns rather than ____54____ understanding. A prescription written by a doctor carries more weight than an automatic AI version, as it is rooted in ____55____ knowledge with no context-free generalizations. Consequently, the rise of AI-generated writing is introducing a new dimension to ____56____. In the past, readers learned to cross-check facts, spot misinformation or identify ____57____ online. Today, they must also consider the origin of content to determine how it should be interpreted. ____58____, tools designed to identify AI-written content — by examining characteristics such as sentence predictability, structure, and language patterns — have come into being. These tools help maintain trustworthiness for the press, support academic ____59____ for educational world, and offer a way to better understand what is shaping the information they consume. The internet has always evolved ____60____ with technology. Historically, Search engines changed how people find information, social media changed how they share it. And now, with AI rewriting the rules of content creation, the Internet’s newest question may be simple, but it carries lasting significance: who actually wrote what you’re reading? 46. A. expands B. endures C. emerges D. fades 47. A. keenly B. quietly C. inevitably D. properly 48. A. absence B. representation C. disturbance D. supply 49. A. natural B. flexible C. formal D. shallow 50. A. requirements B. limitations C. features D. advantages 51. A. at ease B. at scale C. at leisure D. at random 52. A. targeted B. recognized C. analyzed D. signaled 53. A. humanity B. accountability C. priority D. quantity 54. A. genuine B. temporary C. instinctive D. mutual 55. A. extensive B. fundamental C. professional D. internal 56. A. technology dependence B. digital literacy C. school discipline D. social norm 57. A. clues B. prejudices C. proofs D. patterns 58. A. Controversially B. Luckily C. Specifically D. Literally 59. A. integrity B. diversity C. vitality D. consistency 60. A. neck and neck B. toe to toe C. face to face D. hand in hand 【答案】46. D 47. B 48. A 49. A 50. D 51. B 52. D 53. B 54. A 55. C 56. B 57. B 58. B 59. A 60. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了人工智能生成内容对网络阅读的影响，指出读者需要具备辨别内容来源的数字素养，并介绍了检测AI生成内容的工具及其重要性。 【46题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，这种确定性正在消失。A. expands扩大；B. endures忍受；C. emerges出现；D. fades逐渐消失。根据后文“Artificial intelligence has become capable of producing convincing content at extraordinary speed.”可知，人工智能能快速生成令人信服的内容，所以读者对在线内容作者身份的确定性正在消失。故选D。 【47题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，它已经悄然融入了日常的数字生活。A. keenly敏锐地；B. quietly安静地、悄然地；C. inevitably不可避免地；D. properly适当地。根据前文“This change hasn’t arrived with a dramatic announcement.”可知，这种变化没有以戏剧性的宣告到来，而是悄然融入日常生活。故选B。 【48题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人工智能生成的文本看起来很精炼且信息丰富，但没有明显的机器生成的迹象。A. absence缺乏；B. representation代表；C. disturbance干扰；D. supply供应。根据前文“AI-generated text seems polished and informative”以及转折词but可知，人工智能生成的文本看起来精炼且信息丰富，但没有机器生成的明显迹象，in the absence of表示“缺乏”。故选A。 【49题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最引人注目的部分在于现代人工智能写作听起来多么自然。A. natural自然的；B. flexible灵活的；C. formal正式的；D. shallow浅的。根据后文“AI-produced materials appear indistinguishable from human-created content.”可知，人工智能生成的材料与人类创作的内容难以区分，说明其写作听起来很自然。故选A。 【50题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种能力有明显的优势。A. requirements要求；B. limitations限制；C. features特点；D. advantages优势。根据后文“Writers draft content faster, businesses organize information more efficiently.”可知，此处列举的是AI写作带来的好处。故选D。 【51题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：让自学的人感到欣慰的是，教育材料可以大规模生产。A. at ease轻松地；B. at scale大规模地；C. at leisure闲暇时；D. at random随机地。根据前文“businesses organize information more efficiently”可知，人工智能写作使企业组织信息更高效，所以教育材料也可以大规模生产。故选B。 【52题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：曾经表明作者身份的传统线索变得不可靠。A. targeted瞄准；B. recognized认出；C. analyzed分析；D. signaled表明、发信号。根据前文“Traditional hints”以及后文“become unreliable”可知，过去能体现作者身份的标志不再可信。故选D项。 【53题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：答案是责任和背景。A. humanity人性；B. accountability责任；C. priority优先权；D. quantity数量。根据后文“Human authors contribute responsibility and expertise.”可知，人类作者具备责任与专业知识，这是作者身份重要的原因。故选B。 【54题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，人工智能的运作方式不同：它是从数据模式中生成文本，而不是真正的理解。A. genuine真正的；B. temporary暂时的；C. instinctive本能的；D. mutual相互的。根据前文“it generates text from data patterns rather than”可知，人工智能是从数据模式中生成文本，而不是真正的理解。故选A。 【55题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：医生开的处方比自动人工智能版本更有分量，因为它基于专业知识，而非脱离语境的概括。A. extensive广泛的；B. fundamental基本的；C. professional专业的；D. internal内部的。根据前文“A prescription written by a doctor”可知，医生的处方依托的是专业医学知识。故选C。 【56题详解】 考查名词短语辨析。句意：因此，人工智能生成写作的兴起为数字素养引入了一个新的维度。A. technology dependence技术依赖；B. digital literacy数字素养；C. school discipline学校纪律；D. social norm社会规范。根据后文“In the past, readers learned to cross-check facts, spot misinformation or identify ____ online. Today, they must also consider the origin of content to determine how it should be interpreted.”可知，过去读者学会交叉核对事实、发现错误信息或识别线索，现在他们还必须考虑内容的来源，这属于数字素养范畴。故选B。 【57题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：过去，读者学会交叉核实事实、发现错误信息或识别网络偏见。A. clues线索；B. prejudices偏见；C. proofs证据；D. patterns模式。根据前文“spot misinformation”可知，与错误信息并列的应是网络偏见，故prejudices符合语境。故选B项。 【58题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，通过检查句子可预测性、结构和语言模式等特征来识别人工智能生成内容的工具应运而生。A. Controversially有争议地；B. Luckily幸运地；C. Specifically具体地；D. Literally确实地。根据后文“tools designed to identify AI-written content — by examining characteristics such as sentence predictability, structure, and language patterns — have come into being.”可知，人们难以辨别AI内容，而检测工具出现解决了这一问题，因此是幸运的。故选B。 【59题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些工具有助于维护新闻业的可信度，支持教育界的学术诚信，并提供了一种更好地理解塑造他们所消费信息的方式。A. integrity诚信；B. diversity多样性；C. vitality活力；D. consistency一致性。根据前文“These tools help maintain trustworthiness for the press”以及后文“for educational world”可知，这些工具对新闻业和教育界都有帮助，在教育领域，学术诚信是关键，故integrity正确。故选A。 【60题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：互联网总是与技术携手发展。A. neck and neck并驾齐驱；B. toe to toe针锋相对；C. face to face面对面；D. hand in hand手拉手、携手。根据后文“Search engines changed how people find information, social media changed how they share it.”可知，技术发展推动互联网同步进步，二者相伴发展。故选D项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Several years ago, I began asking my friends and family to tell me their passwords. I had come to believe that these tiny personalized codes get a bum rap. Yes, I understand why passwords are universally hated: the strains they put on our memory, the endless demand to update them, their sheer number. I hate them too. But there is more to passwords than their annoyance. In the fact that we construct them so that we (and only we) will remember them, they take on secret lives. Many of our passwords are filled with suffering, mischief, sometimes even poetry. Often they have rich backstories. There was the former prisoner whose password includes what used to be his identification number(“a reminder not to go back” ); the childless 45-year-old whose password is the name of the baby boy she lost ( “my way of trying to keep him alive, I guess”). Sometimes the passwords were playful. Several people said they used incorrect for theirs so that when they forgot it, the software automatically gave them the right one( “your password is incorrect”). Some passwords were striking for their creativity, folding big thoughts down into tidy little codes. After being inspired by Sheryl Sandberg’s book Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead. Cortni Kerr, a running partner of mine, began using Ww$$dol3, which stood for “What would Sheryl Sandberg do” plus “13” for the year(2013) of the password’s creation. TnsitTpsif was the password of another friend, a computer scientist who loves wordplay. It stands for “The next sentence is true. The previous sentence is false,” which in philosophy is called a liar’s paradox. For my friend, it was a playful reference to the knots that language can tie. While asking strangers about their passwords is a touchy proposition, it’s not every day that you come across a conversation topic that teaches you new things about people you’ve known for years. The 4622 that my wife uses in her passwords was not just the address of her own father’s childhood home but also a reminder of his weakness and strength. Apparently when the former 270-pound football standout, a scholarship athlete and the pride of his working-class neighborhood in west Tulsa, was a small boy, he had to sing his home address(4622 South 28th West Avenue) in one full breath rather than try to say it normally, otherwise, his stutter (口吃) would trip him up. 61. What does the phrase “a bum rap” (paragraph 1) most probably mean? A. an imaginative story B. an unreasonable structure C. a false blame D. a notable exception 62. Which of the following passwords does the writer use as an example of those with a touch of humour? A. An identification number. B. The word “incorrect” C. WwS$do13. D. TnsitTpsif. 63. Why does the writer’s wife use the number “4622” in her passwords? A. It reminded her of her father. B. It helped her to overcome stutter. C. It was the address of her childhood home. D. It was part of the name of her favourite song. 64. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. The Development of Passwords. B. The Secret Lives of Passwords. C. Why Everybody Hates Passwords. D. Passwords: What We Can’t Live Without. 【答案】61. C 62. B 63. A 64. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了密码不仅仅是用于登录的代码，它们还承载着个人的情感、记忆和创意，揭示了密码背后隐藏的“秘密生活”。 【61题详解】 词句猜测题。根据下文“Yes, I understand why passwords are universally hated: the strains they put on our memory, the endless demand to update them, their sheer number. I hate them too.(是的，我理解为什么密码被普遍憎恨：它们给我们的记忆带来压力，不断更新它们的需求，它们的数量之多。我也讨厌他们。)”可知，密码被普遍憎恨，所以作者肯定认为，密码被人们错怪了，短语a bum rap的意义为“错怪”，与a false blame意义一致。故选C项。 【62题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Sometimes the passwords were playful. Several people said they used incorrect for theirs so that when they forgot it, the software automatically gave them the right one( “your password is incorrect”).(有时密码会带点小幽默。一些人说他们使用“incorrect”作为密码，这样当他们忘记时，软件会自动给他们正确的密码(‘your password is incorrect’)。”可知，作者以“incorrect”作为幽默密码的例子。故选B项。 【63题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The 4622 that my wife uses in her passwords was not just the address of her own father’s childhood home but also a reminder of his weakness and strength.(我妻子用在她密码里的“4622”，不仅代表着她父亲童年故居的门牌号，更铭刻着他的脆弱与坚韧。)”可知，作者的妻子在她的密码中使用数字“4622”是因为这些数字让她想起她的父亲。故选A项。 【64题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段“In the fact that we construct them so that we (and only we) will remember them, they take on secret lives. Many of our passwords are filled with suffering, mischief, sometimes even poetry.(事实上，我们构建这些密码的方式使得只有我们自己能够记住它们，于是它们便拥有了隐秘的生命。我们的许多密码都充满了痛苦、恶作剧，有时甚至还有诗意。)”可知，文章通过多个例子展示了密码背后隐藏的情感、记忆和创意，揭示了密码的“秘密生活”。因此，最佳标题是“B. The Secret Lives of Passwords(密码的‘秘密生活’)”。故选B项。 (B) COURSE: History 101 “Introduction to American History” INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Jane Klammer OFFICE: 305 Marshall Hall OFFICE HOURS: 11:15-12:30 M W F (Monday Wednesday Friday) CLASS: 363 Marshall Hall 3:35-5:00 T Th (Tuesday Thursday) 10:10-11:00 M W F Other times by appointment TELEPHONE: 255-4786 TEXTBOOK: Green, Robert P, The American Tradition: A History of the United States. Charles E. Merrill publishing Co. Columbus, Ohio 1984, which is available at the College Bookstore. COURSE Requirements: mid-term exam: October 10 20% of the final grade final exam: December 10 40% of the final grade term paper due: December 15 40% of the final grade Attendance is not required, but you are responsible for all the information given in the class lectures. In the lectures, I will talk about the chapters in the textbook and other material that I choose to supplement the course. The exams will cover all this information. Therefore, I advise you to come to the class as much as possible. If you have to miss a class, be sure to get the class notes from another student. Your homework assignments are listed on the next page. You are supposed to read the chapter about which I will be lecturing before you come to class. This is to make sure that you understand as much as possible while taking notes in my lectures. Be prepared when you come to class. If there are any changes in the assigned homework reading, I will announce in class. The term paper is 40% of your final grade. It should not exceed fifteen pages. (Anyone thinking of majoring in history may write twenty-five pages.) Before the mid-term exam you will choose the topic for your paper. Have a good term! 65. If a student wants to know what the homework assignments are, ______. A. Prof. Klammer announces them in class B. the student reads the list on the next page C. Prof. Klammer gives a list every week D. The student goes to the professor's office 66. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The textbook is written by Dr. Jane Klammer. B. If you miss a class, be sure to say sorry to Prof. Klammer. C. Prof. Klammer advises her students to preview the chapters to be covered in class. D. The students can buy “Introduction to American History” at the College Bookstore. 67. If Amber Chen, a freshman, thinks that she might major in history, what is the maximum length of her paper can be? A. Fifteen pages. B. Twenty-five pages. C. Ten pages. D. No maximum. 【答案】65. B 66. C 67. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国历史入门课程的相关信息及要求 。 【65题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Your homework assignments are listed on the next page.(你的家庭作业列在下一页。)”可知，如果学生想知道家庭作业是什么，可以阅读下一页的列表。故选B。 【66题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“You are supposed to read the chapter about which I will be lecturing before you come to class. This is to make sure that you understand as much as possible while taking notes in my lectures.(你应该在上课前阅读我将要讲授的章节。这是为了确保你在听我的讲座做笔记时能尽可能多地理解。)”可知，Klammer教授建议学生预习课堂上要讲的内容。故选C。 【67题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The term paper is 40% of your final grade. It should not exceed fifteen pages. (Anyone thinking of majoring in history may write twenty-five pages.)(学期论文占期末成绩的40%。它不应超过十五页。（任何想主修历史的人可以写二十五页。）)”可知，如果Amber Chen想主修历史，她的论文最长可以是二十五页。故选B。 (C) Bad luck always seems to strike at the worst possible moment. A man about to interview for his dream job gets stuck in traffic. A law student taking her final exam wakes up with a blinding headache. A runner twists his ankle minutes before a big race. These are all perfect examples of cruel fate (命运). Or are they? Psychologists who study such common accidents now believe that in many instances they may be carefully arranged schemes of the subconscious mind and that people often engage in a form of self-defeating behavior known as self-handicapping-or, in plain terms, excuse-making. It’s a simple process: By taking on a crippling handicap, a person makes it more likely that he or she will fail at an endeavor (努力,事业).Though it seems like a crazy thing to do, researchers say it is actually a clever trick of the mind, one that sets up a win-win situation by allowing a person to save face when he or she does fail. A classic self-handicapper is the French chess player Deschapelles who quickly became champion of his region. But when competition grew tougher, he adopted a new condition for all matches: He would compete only if his opponent would remove one of Deschapelles’ pawns (〈国际象棋中的〉兵,卒)and make the first move,increasing the odds (概率)that Deschapelles would lose. If he did lose, he could blame it on the other player's advantage; but if he won against such odds, he would be more respected for his amazing talents. Psychologists now use the term “Deschapelles coup” to refer to acts of self-handicapping prevailing in today’s world. Overall, men are more likely than women to make excuses. Several studies suggest that men feel the need to appear competent in all realms, while women worry only about the skills in which they’ve invested heavily. Ask a man and a woman to go scuba diving (水肺潜水)for the first time, and the woman is likely to jump in, while the man is likely to first make it known that he's not feeling too well. In fact, the people most likely to become chronic excuse makers are those obsessed with success, says the researcher. Such people are so afraid of being labeled a failure at anything that they constantly develop one handicap or another in order to explain their failures. Self-handicapping may be an effective way of coping with performance anxiety. In the end, researchers say, it is a Faustian bargain (浮士德契约).Over the long run, excuse makers fail to live up to their true potential. And despite their protests to the contrary, they have only themselves to blame. 68. Which of the following is the chief topic of the passage? A. An analysis on how people avoid failure. B. A comparison between the ways men and women avoid failure. C. The story of a classic self-handicapper, Deschapelles. D. The psychological tricks some people use to avoid failure. 69. It can be inferred from the passage that a student who wanted to engage in self-handicapping would most probably____. A. work as hard as possible for an important exam B. try to cheat on a test to get a high score C. get drunk the night before a big exam D. take down only the key points in the class 70. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Men are more competent than women in most trades. B. Deschapelles’ way of self-handicapping was to give his opponents more advantages. C. By self-handicapping, Deschapelles succeeded in showing the true limits of his ability. D. Men are more ready to face new challenges than women. 71. By saying “it is a Faustian bargain,” researchers mean that ____. A. self-handicapping is often an effective method of dealing with anxiety B. chronic excuse-making is an indication of one's depression C. excuse-makers will suffer from the destructive behavior eventually D. self-handicapping behavior is a difficult and complex process to understand 【答案】68. D 69. C 70. B 71. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述人们为了避免失败，通常会做出一种弄巧成拙的行为，心理学上称为自我设限，通俗地说，就是找借口。 【68题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段Psychologists who study such common accidents now believe thatin many instances they may be carefully arranged schemes of the subconscious mind and that people often engage in a form of self-defeating behavior known as self-handicapping-or, in plain terms, excuse-making. 本文主要讲述人们为了避免失败，通常会做出一种弄巧成拙的行为，心理学上称为自我设限，通俗地说，就是找借口。所以主题是人们避免失败所使用的心理策略。故选D。 【69题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段in many instances they may be carefully arranged schemes of the subconscious mind and that people often engage in a form of self-defeating behavior known as self-handicapping-or, in plain terms, excuse-making. 可知，一个人想要进行自我设限，就是找借口，那么可以推断出一个学生想要进行自我设限，他很可能在大考前夜喝醉，故选C。 【70题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章A classic self-handicapper is the French chess player Deschapelles who quickly became champion of his region. But when competition grew tougher, he adopted a new condition for all matches: He would compete only if his opponent would remove one of Deschapelles’ pawns (〈国际象棋中的〉兵,卒)and make the first move, increasing the odds (概率)that Deschapelles would lose. If he did lose, he could blame it on the other player's advantage; but if he won against such odds, he would be more respected for his amazing talents. 一个典型的自我设限者是法国棋手Deschapelles，他很快成为所在地区的冠军。但当竞争变得更加激烈时，他为所有的比赛设定了一个新条件:只有当他的对手移走了Deschapelles的一个棋子并率先采取行动时，他才会参加比赛，这增加了Deschapelles输掉比赛的几率。如果他输了，他可以把责任推到对方的优势上;但如果他在如此艰难的情况下获胜，他将因其惊人的天赋而更受尊敬。Overall, men are more likely than women to make excuses. Several studies suggest that men feel the need to appear competent in all realms, while women worry only about the skills in which they’ve invested heavily. Ask a man and a woman to go scuba diving (水肺潜水)for the first time, and the woman is likely to jump in, while the man is likely to first make it known that he's not feeling too well. 总的来说，男性比女性更容易找借口。几项研究表明，男性觉得有必要在所有领域都表现得有能力，而女性只担心自己投入了大量精力的技能。让一个男人和一个女人第一次去潜水，女人可能会跳下去，而男人可能会先让人知道他感觉不太好。通过这两段描述，可知ACD是错误的，B选项正确，故选B。 【71题详解】 推理判断题。根据下文Over the long run, excuse makers fail to live up to their true potential. And despite their protests to the contrary, they have only themselves to blame. 从长远来看，借口的制造者没能实现他们真正的潜力。尽管他们提出了相反的抗议，但这只能怪他们自己。由此可以推断出Faustian bargain浮士德交易是说从长远来看，借口制造者最终还是会受到不好的影响，故选C。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. (D) Research from Gloria Mark, a professor of informatics at the University of California, indicates that our attention spans are about one-third as long as they were in 2004, with the biggest drops happening around 2012. Long-running surveys reveal that the percentage of 18-year-olds who report difficulty thinking and concentrating has jumped markedly over the past decade. Many of these declines in cognitive skills became notable starting in the mid-2010s, exactly the period when smartphones took over the world and the digital attention economy exploded in size. An increasing amount of research implies that this timing is no coincidence. ____72____. The growth of A.I. has brought new cognitive concerns. ____73____. Another recent study, which tracked the brain activity of research subjects who were writing with the help of large language models, found that “brain connectivity systematically scaled down with the amount of external support.” The loss of our ability to think is a big deal. Close to 40 percent of the U.S. GDP comes from so-called knowledge and technology-intensive industries, from aerospace manufacturing to financial and information services. Companies in these fields transform advanced human thought into revenue. ____74____. It is notable that productivity growth in the private business sector stagnated (停滞) during the 2010s, when technology became measurably more distracting. ____75____. Thinking is what lets us make sense of information in a complicated world. As president, Abraham Lincoln used to regularly retreat to his cottage to find the solitude needed to think intensively about the decisions facing him as commander in chief. A contemporary letter from a Treasury (财政部) employee visiting Lincoln at the cottage during these years describes finding the president “reposed in a broad chair, one leg hanging over its arm. He seemed to be in deep thought.” A. A study revealed a “significant negative correlation between frequent A.I. tool usage and critical thinking abilities.” B. A reduced ability to use our brains also has worrying personal effects. C. As we weaken our brains, we also threaten to weaken our economy. D. The rise of social media platforms has led to a global decline in literacy rates. E. A meta-analysis released last fall showed that consuming short-form video content is associated with poorer cognition and reduced attention. F. A recent study in neuroscience suggests that human brains are naturally evolving to adapt to the advance of A.I. 【答案】72. E 73. A 74. C 75. B 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述智能手机、短视频、人工智能的普及导致人类注意力、认知能力下降，并从经济、个人影响方面阐述这一问题的严重性，强调深度思考的重要性。 【72题详解】 前文“Many of these declines in cognitive skills became notable starting in the mid-2010s, exactly the period when smartphones took over the world and the digital attention economy exploded in size.(认知能力下降在 2010 年代中期开始显著，恰逢智能手机普及、数字注意力经济爆发)”指出认知下降与数字时代到来有关。后文无直接衔接，空处需给出相关研究佐证。E项 “去年秋天一项元分析显示，观看短视频内容与认知能力变差、注意力下降相关”符合。 【73题详解】 前文“The growth of A.I. has brought new cognitive concerns.(人工智能发展带来新的认知担忧)”引出 AI 与认知的关联。后文“Another recent study, which tracked the brain activity of research subjects who were writing with the help of large language models, found that “brain connectivity systematically scaled down with the amount of external support.”(另一项近期研究跟踪了借助大型语言模型写作的受试者的大脑活动，发现：“外部辅助越多，大脑连通性就会系统性地减弱。”)”列举一项研究来说明 AI 影响。空处需填 AI 影响认知的研究。A项“一项研究表明，频繁使用 AI 工具与批判性思维能力呈显著负相关”符合，与“Another”形成顺承关系。 【74题详解】 前文“Close to 40 percent of the U.S. GDP comes from so-called knowledge and technology-intensive industries, from aerospace manufacturing to financial and information services. Companies in these fields transform advanced human thought into revenue.(美国近 40% 的国内生产总值（GDP）来自所谓的知识与技术密集型产业，涵盖航空航天制造、金融及信息服务等领域。这些行业的企业将人类的高端思维能力转化为经济效益。)”讲思维能力对经济的重要性。后文“It is notable that productivity growth in the private business sector stagnated during the 2010s...(2010 年代私营部门生产率增长停滞)”讲经济受影响。空处需衔接思维弱化与经济的关系。C项“大脑能力弱化，经济也会受威胁”符合。 【75题详解】 后文“Thinking is what lets us make sense of information in a complicated world.(思考让我们在复杂世界理解信息)”及林肯的个人事例，强调思考对个人的意义。空处需引出个人层面影响。B项“大脑使用能力下降也会带来令人担忧的个人影响”符合。 *Part Ⅱ Ⅰ. Grammar (10’ + 10’) Section A (A) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. As spring weather settles over the Northern Hemisphere, those barren branches will soon be bursting with color. Just like humans, plants have a circadian clock (生物钟) which helps ___76___ tell time. They rely on seasonal changes to both air temperature and sunlight ___77___ (know) that winter is on its way out and that it’s time to bloom. Longer days and warmer temperatures are the seasonal cues for plants that bloom in the spring. Plants with leaves are particularly sensitive ___78___ sunlight, which steadily increases from March until the summer solstice (夏至) in late June. For plants like daffodils and tulips ___79___ the flower comes out of the ground or on branches like cherry trees, increasing temperatures are their main cue to bloom. Chronobiologist Takato Imaizumi from the University of Washington shares more about ___80___ our planet’s plants sense these seasonal changes. California’s notorious hot and dry Death Valley (死亡谷) ___81___ (see) a wildflower superbloom this year thanks to extra rain. ___82___ the bloom is past peak in some locations, higher elevations will see blooms from April through June. Washington DC’s famed cherry blossom trees also ___83___ (project) to reach peak bloom March 29 through April 1. The yoshinotrees (日本樱花树) that ___84___ (dot) the National Mall typically bloom for several days. The length depends on weather conditions. Cool and calm weather can extend the length of the bloom, while a rainy, windy day can halt (阻碍) these delicate blossoms. A late frost can also prevent the trees ____85____ (bloom) at all. 【答案】76. them 77. to know 78. to 79. where 80. how 81. has seen 82. Although##Though 83. are projected 84. dot 85. blooming 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍植物拥有生物钟，能通过气温和光照感知季节变化并开花，同时举例说明不同地区植物开花的时间与影响因素。 【76题详解】 考查代词。句意：和人类一样，植物也有生物钟，帮助它们感知时间。help 后接宾语，指代前面的 plants，用宾格形式 them。 【77题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们依靠气温和日照的季节性变化，来知晓冬天即将结束、是时候开花了。rely on sth. to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为“依靠某物做某事”，用不定式作目的状语。 【78题详解】 考查介词。句意：长叶植物对阳光特别敏感，从三月到六月下旬夏至，阳光持续增强。be sensitive to 为固定搭配，意为“对……敏感”。 【79题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：对于水仙、郁金香这类花从地面长出，或樱花树这类花开在枝头的植物，气温升高是它们开花的主要信号。先行词为 plants，定语从句中地点状语不完整，用关系副词 where 引导。 【80题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：华盛顿大学的时间生物学家今泉贵人进一步介绍了地球上的植物如何感知这些季节变化。介词 about 后接宾语从句，从句表方式 “如何”，用how引导。 【81题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：由于额外降雨，加州酷热干燥的死亡谷今年迎来了野花盛花期。this year 提示用现在完成时，主语为单数，助动词用 has。 【82题详解】 考查连词。句意：尽管部分地区花期已过盛期，但高海拔地区的花期将从四月持续到六月。前后为让步关系，用 Although/Though 引导让步状语从句，句首单词首字母大写。 【83题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：华盛顿特区著名的樱花树预计在 3 月 29 日至 4 月 1 日迎来盛花期。主语 cherry blossom trees与 project 之间为被动关系，表客观预测用一般现在时的被动语态。 【84题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：点缀在国家广场上的吉野樱花树通常会绽放数日。主语yoshino trees为复数，结合 typically可知用一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。 【85题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：晚霜也可能完全阻止树木开花。prevent sb./sth. (from) doing sth. 为固定搭配，意为 “阻止某人/某物做某事”。 (B) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Endangered penguins living off South Africa’s coast have likely starved in large numbers due to food shortages, a study said, with some populations dropping by 95% in just eight years. The species ____86____ (list) as critically endangered last year by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Two of ____87____ (important) breeding colonies near Cape Town had collapsed between 2004 and 2011, with some 62,000 birds estimated ____88____ (die), the study by the UK’s University of Exeter and the South African Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment said. In those eight years, sardine (沙丁鱼) populations in South African waters — ____89____ main food source for penguins — were consistently below 25% of their peak abundance, said co-author and biologist Richard Sherley. This drop in sardine stocks was due to fishing practices ____90____ (combine) with environmental causes such as changes in water temperatures and salinity (盐度). “This appears to have caused severe food shortage for African penguins, leading to a(n) ____91____ (estimate) loss of about 62,000 breeding individuals,” Sherley said. The scientists said the global population of the species ____92____ (decline) by nearly 80% in the past 30 years. Conservationists say that ____93____ the current rate of population decrease, the bird could be extinct in the wild by 2035. For 10 years, authorities have imposed a commercial fishing ban around six penguin colonies, including Robben and Dassen islands, the two sites ____94____ (observe) in the study. Other initiatives underway include artificial nests and ____95____ (create) new colonies. The birds are a strong attraction for tourists to South Africa, with thousands of people visiting colonies each year. But the pressure from tourism also disturbs the birds and causes enhanced stress. 【答案】86. was listed 87. the most important 88. to have died 89. a 90. combined 91. estimated 92. had declined 93. at 94. observed 95. creating 【解析】 【导语】本文为说明文，主要讲述南非沿海濒危企鹅因食物短缺大量死亡、种群数量锐减的现状，分析了沙丁鱼减少的原因，并介绍了相关保护措施。 【86题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：该物种去年被世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）列为极危物种。主语 The species 与 list 之间为被动关系；时间状语 last year 提示用一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态。 【87题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：开普敦附近两个最重要的繁殖地在 2004 年至 2011 年间数量锐减。“two of+the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”为固定结构，表示 “最……中的两个”，important 为多音节词，最高级形式为 the most important。 【88题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：据英国埃克塞特大学和南非林业、渔业与环境部的研究，估计约有 6.2 万只企鹅死亡。estimate 后接不定式，且企鹅死亡发生在研究发布之前，用不定式的完成式 to have done。 【89题详解】 考查冠词。句意：在这八年里，南非海域的沙丁鱼 —— 企鹅的主要食物来源 —— 数量一直低于峰值的 25%。此处泛指一种企鹅的主要食物来源，且main发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a。 【90题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：沙丁鱼数量减少是捕捞行为加上水温、盐度变化等环境因素共同导致的。fishing practices与combine之间为被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。 【91题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这似乎导致非洲企鹅严重食物短缺，据估计约 6.2 万只繁殖个体死亡。空处修饰名词 loss，loss与estimate之间为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。 【92题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：科学家称，过去 30 年里，该物种全球数量减少了近 80%。时间状语in the past 30 years 和主句said可知，此处应用过去完成时，表示过去的过去。 【93题详解】 考查介词。句意：环保人士表示，按照目前的种群下降速度，这种鸟类可能在 2035 年前野外灭绝。固定搭配 at the rate of 表示“以…… 速度”。 【94题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：十年来，当局在六个企鹅栖息地（包括罗本岛和达森岛，即研究中观察的两个地点）实施商业捕鱼禁令。sites 与 observe 之间为被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。 【95题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：其他正在进行的举措包括建造人工巢穴和建立新栖息地。include 后接动名词作宾语，与 artificial nests 并列，用动名词形式。 Ⅱ. Translation (3’+3’+4’+5’) Directions: Translate the following phrases and sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 96. 我们不禁好奇，此次培训面向的对象是谁。(target v.) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We can’t help wondering who this training is targeted at. 【解析】 【详解】主语为we；表示“不禁做某事”译为can’t help doing sth.；表示“好奇”译为wonder；后跟宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指人，故用who；表示“此次培训”译为this training；表示“面向的对象”译为be targeted at，为一般现在时的被动语态。 97. 这位物理学家致力于与那位数学家合作，以攻克这一长期存在的难题。(dedicate) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The physicist dedicated himself to cooperating with that mathematician to overcome this long-standing difficult problem. 【解析】 【详解】句子陈述过去发生的事实，用一般过去时；表示“这位物理学家”用the physicist，作句子主语；表示“致力于做某事”用dedicate oneself to doing sth.，其中to是介词，后接动名词形式，dedicate oneself to中oneself与主语保持一致，用himself，即dedicated himself to doing sth.；表示“与某人合作”用cooperate with sb.，“那位数学家”为that mathematician，故“与那位数学家合作”为cooperating with that mathematician，其中动名词作介词to的宾语；表示“以攻克”用不定式to overcome作目的状语，表示“这一长期存在的问题”用this long-standing problem，即to overcome this long-standing difficult problem。 98. 未来是否会有这样一个时刻：研究人员会开发出一种革命性的材料，该材料即便在最强地震发生时也能防止建筑物倒塌?(keep) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Will there be a time in the future when researchers develop a revolutionary material that can keep buildings from collapsing even when the strongest earthquake hits? 【解析】 【详解】句子核心是疑问句式“未来是否有某一时刻”，对应一般将来时的there be疑问结构Will there be a time/moment in the future；修饰“时刻”的内容用when引导定语从句衔接，说明该时刻发生的事件；表示“研究人员开发出革命性材料”译为researchers develop a revolutionary material，修饰“材料”的功能用that/which引导定语从句，表示“防止/阻止某物做某事”译为keep sth from doing sth，“防止建筑物倒塌”即译为keep buildings from collapsing；“即便在最强地震发生时”译为even when the strongest earthquake hits/happens。 99. 与传统教学方式相比，线上教育在一定程度上更具灵活性，这主要归功于教育者配备了先进的数字化工具。(arm v.) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Compared with traditional teaching methods, online education is more flexible to a certain extent, which is mainly because educators are armed with advanced digital tools. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意以及句子提示词可知，表示“与传统教学方式相比”应为动词短语compare with traditional teaching methods，结合句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，compare with和逻辑主语表示“线上教育”的名词短语online education为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式；表示“更具灵活性”为形容词比较级more flexible；表示“在一定程度上”应为介词短语to a certain extent；后接关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话在从句中作主语成分，在该从句中，谓语动词为is，后接连接副词because表示“因为”引导的表语从句，表示“教育者”为名词educators；表示“配备了先进的数字化工具”应为动词短语be armed with advanced digital tools；表示“主要”为副词mainly；结合句意可知，该句为陈述一般事实，为一般现在时。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $