Unit 6 Crossing Cultures单词讲解练习 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

Unit 6 Crossing Cultures 【重点单词讲解】 1. shake /ʃeɪk/ v. (shook /ʃʊk/, shaken /ˈʃeɪkən/) 与（某人）握手；摇动 派生词：shaking n. 摇动 常考短语：shake hands with sb. 与某人握手；shake one's head 摇头 例句：He shook hands with the new manager.（他和新经理握了手。） 练一练：He ______ (shake) his head and said he didn't agree with us. 2. bow /baʊ/ v. & n. 鞠躬 常考短语：bow to sb. 向某人鞠躬 例句：The actor bowed to the audience after the performance.（演员表演结束后向观众鞠躬。） 练一练：The student ______ (bow) to the teacher when he came into the classroom. 3. bump /bʌmp/ v. 碰；撞 n. 碰撞；（撞击造成的）肿块 常考短语：bump into sb. 偶然遇见某人；bump against 撞到 例句：I bumped my head on the door.（我的头撞到了门上。） 练一练：She ______ (bump) into an old friend when she was walking in the street. 4. fist /fɪst/ n. 拳头 常考短语：clench one's fist 握紧拳头；shake one's fist 挥拳 例句：He clenched his fists in anger.（他愤怒地握紧了拳头。） 练一练：The little boy made his ______ (fist) and hit the table hard. 5. rub /rʌb/ v. 摩擦；揉 常考短语：rub sth. with sth. 用……摩擦…… 例句：She rubbed her hands to keep warm.（她搓手取暖。） 练一练：The little girl ______ (rub) her eyes because she was sleepy. 6. kiss /kɪs/ v. 亲吻 n. 吻 常考短语：kiss sb. goodbye 吻别某人 例句：The mother kissed her baby on the forehead.（妈妈亲吻了宝宝的额头。） 练一练：The mother ______ (kiss) her daughter goodbye before she went to school. 7. cheek /tʃiːk/ n. 脸颊 常考短语：on one's cheek 在某人的脸颊上 例句：She had tears on her cheeks.（她的脸颊上挂着泪水。） 练一练：The little boy has two red ______ (cheek) because of the cold weather. 8. hug /hʌɡ/ v. & n. 拥抱 常考短语：give sb. a hug 拥抱某人；hug sb. 拥抱某人 例句：They hugged each other when they met again.（他们再次见面时互相拥抱。） 练一练：She ______ (hug) her mother tightly when she saw her after a long time. 9. embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. 尴尬的 派生词：embarrass v. 使尴尬；embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的 常考短语：feel embarrassed 感到尴尬；be embarrassed about 对……感到尴尬 - embarrassing（令人尴尬的，形容事）That was an embarrassing mistake.那是个令人尴尬的错误。 - embarrassed（感到尴尬的，形容人）I felt so embarrassed. 我当时尴尬极了。 例句：I felt embarrassed when I forgot her name.（当我忘记她的名字时，我感到很尴尬。） 练一练：He felt ______ (embarrass) when he made a mistake in the speech. 10. confused /kənˈfjuːzd/ adj. 困惑的 派生词：confuse v. 使困惑；confusing adj. 令人困惑的 常考短语：be confused about 对……感到困惑 confusing：形容事物令人困惑、难懂 → confusing question / confusing story confused：形容人感到困惑、糊涂 → confused student / I’m confused 例句：I'm confused about the answer to this question.（我对这个问题的答案感到困惑。） 练一练：The little boy looked ______ (confuse) when he heard the strange story. 11. formal /ˈfɔːml/ adj. 正式的 派生词：formally adv. 正式地；informal adj. 非正式的 常考短语：formal dress 正装；formal meeting 正式会议 例句：You need to wear formal clothes to the wedding.（你需要穿正装去参加婚礼。） 练一练：We need to wear ______ (form) clothes to attend the important meeting. 12. curry /ˈkʌri/ n. 咖喱菜 常考短语：chicken curry 咖喱鸡；curry powder 咖喱粉 例句：I like eating curry with rice.（我喜欢吃咖喱配米饭。） 练一练：My mother cooked delicious chicken ______ (咖喱) for dinner yesterday. 13. rude /ruːd/ adj. 粗鲁的 派生词：rudely adv. 粗鲁地；rudeness n. 粗鲁 常考短语：be rude to sb. 对某人粗鲁 例句：It's rude to interrupt others when they are talking.（打断别人说话是不礼貌的。） 练一练：It's ______ (粗鲁的) to talk loudly in the library. 14. uncommon /ʌnˈkɒmən/ adj. 罕见的；不寻常的 派生词：common adj. 常见的；commonly adv. 通常 例句：Snow is uncommon in this part of the country.（这个地区下雪很罕见。） 练一练：It's ______ (common) to see snow in this city in summer. 15. palm /pɑːm/ n. 手掌 例句：She held the coin in the palm of her hand.（她把硬币握在手掌心里。） 练一练：He wrote a small word in the ______ (palm) of his hand. 16. namaste /ˌnʌməˈsteɪ/ 有礼了（印度人行合十礼时口中所念之词） 例句：She greeted the Indian guest with a smile and said "Namaste".（她微笑着向印度客人打招呼，说“Namaste”。） 练一练：The girl said ______ (有礼了) to the Indian teacher and bowed slightly. 17. fork /fɔːk/ n. 叉子 常考短语：knife and fork 刀叉；a plastic fork 塑料叉子 例句：We use a fork to eat noodles.（我们用叉子吃面条。） 练一练：There are knives and ______ (fork) on the plate. 18. Indian /ˈɪndiən/ adj. 印度的；印度人的 n. 印度人 派生词：India n. 印度 常考短语：Indian food 印度食物；Indian culture 印度文化 例句：She is an Indian student studying in China.（她是一名在中国学习的印度学生。） 练一练：My new pen pal is an ______ (India) girl who lives in New Delhi. 19. manner /ˈmænə(r)/ n. 方式；(pl. manners) 礼仪 常考短语：table manners 餐桌礼仪；good manners 礼貌；bad manners 没礼貌；in a manner 在某种程度上 例句：It's important to have good manners in public.（在公共场合有礼貌很重要。） 练一练：We should learn good ______ (manner) when we are with others. 20. so ... that 如此……以至于 常考短语：引导结果状语从句 例句：He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（他太累了，以至于立刻就睡着了。） 练一练：The box is ______ heavy ______ I can't carry it. 21. confusing /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/ adj. 令人困惑的；难以理解的 派生词：confuse v. 使困惑；confused adj. 感到困惑的 例句：The instructions were very confusing, so I couldn't follow them.（说明书非常令人困惑，所以我看不懂。） 练一练：The math problem is so ______ (confuse) that no one can work it out. 22. unless /ənˈles/ conj. 除非；如果不 常考短语：unless = if...not 例句：You won't pass the exam unless you study hard.（除非你努力学习，否则你通不过考试。） 练一练：We won't go for a picnic ______ (unless) it is sunny tomorrow. 23. proper /ˈprɒpə(r)/ adj. 恰当的；正确的 派生词：properly adv. 恰当地；正确地 常考短语：proper way 恰当的方式 例句：You should use the proper tools for the job.（你应该用合适的工具来做这项工作。） 练一练：We need to use the ______ (properly) way to solve this problem. 24. sit up 坐直 例句：The teacher told the students to sit up straight.（老师让学生们坐直。） 练一练：The mother told her son ______ (sit) up straight when he was eating. 25. keep ... off 使不碰到；使避开 常考短语：keep off the grass 勿踏草地 例句：Keep your hands off the hot stove.（别碰那个滚烫的炉子。） 练一练：We should ______ (避开）the wet floor to avoid falling down. 26. elbow /ˈelbəʊ/ n. 手肘 例句：He rested his head on his elbow.（他把头靠在手肘上。） 练一练：He hurt his ______ (elbow) when he fell off his bike yesterday. 27. serving /ˈsɜːvɪŋ/ adj. 分菜用的 n. 一份食物 派生词：serve v. 服务；端上；service n. 服务 常考短语：a serving of rice 一份米饭；serving dish 分菜盘 例句：She put a serving of vegetables on each plate.（她在每个盘子里放了一份蔬菜。） 练一练：There is a ______ (serve) of beef and some vegetables on my plate. 28. chopstick /ˈtʃɒpstɪk/ n. 筷子 常考短语：a pair of chopsticks 一双筷子；serving chopsticks 公筷 例句：Chinese people usually eat with chopsticks.（中国人通常用筷子吃饭。） 练一练：We need to use a pair of ______ (chopstick) to eat Chinese food. 29. serving chopsticks 公筷 例句：We should use serving chopsticks to pick up food from the shared dishes.（我们应该用公筷从共享的盘子里夹菜。） 练一练：It's polite to use ______ (公筷) when we eat with many people. 30. embarrassing /ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ/ adj. 使人难堪的 派生词：embarrass v. 使尴尬；embarrassed adj. 感到尴尬的 例句：It was an embarrassing moment when I tripped over my own feet.我被自己的脚绊倒了，那是一个令人难堪的时刻。 练一练：It was an ______ (embarrass) moment when he forgot his speech on the stage. 31. be / get used to 习惯于 常考短语：be/get used to (doing) sth. 习惯于（做）某事 例句：I'm used to getting up early in the morning.（我习惯了早上早起。） 练一练：He is used to ______ (get) up early every morning to exercise. 初中常考辨析拓展 结构 用法 例句 used to do 过去常常做（现在不做） I used to swim. be used to doing 习惯于做 I’m used to getting up early. be used to do 被用来做 Wood is used to make paper. 32. cultural /ˈkʌltʃərəl/ adj. 与文化有关的；文化的 派生词：culture n. 文化 常考短语：cultural differences 文化差异；cultural heritage 文化遗产 例句：We should respect the cultural traditions of other countries.（我们应该尊重其他国家的文化传统。） 练一练：There are many ______ (culture) differences between China and Western countries. 33. hear from 得到……消息 常考短语：hear from sb. 收到某人的来信/消息 例句：I haven't heard from my friend for a long time.（我很久没有收到朋友的消息了。） 练一练：I ______ (hear) from my pen pal in America last week. 34. custom /ˈkʌstəm/ n. 习俗 派生词：customary adj. 习惯的；习俗的 常考短语：local customs 当地习俗；social customs 社会习俗 例句：It's a custom to give gifts during the Spring Festival.（春节期间送礼物是一种习俗。） 练一练：We should respect the local ______ (custom) when we travel to other places. 相近词区分 单词 含义 是否可数 例句 custom 风俗，习俗 可数 It is a custom to give gifts at Christmas. customs 海关 只用复数 We had to show our passports at customs. customer 顾客 可数 She is a regular customer. costume 服装；戏服 可数 He wore a Halloween costume. 35. occasion /əˈkeɪʒn/ n. 场合；重大活动 派生词：occasional adj. 偶尔的；occasionally adv. 偶尔地 常考短语：on special occasions 在特殊场合；formal occasions 正式场合 例句：She wore a beautiful dress for the special occasion.（她为这个特殊场合穿了一条漂亮的裙子。） 练一练：We usually wear formal clothes on important ______ (occasion). 36. nicely /ˈnaɪsli/ adv. 漂亮地；令人愉快地 派生词：nice adj. 美好的；友好的；niceness n. 美好；友好 常考短语：do nicely 进展顺利；treat sb. nicely 善待某人 例句：She did nicely in the English speech contest.（她在英语演讲比赛中表现出色。） 练一练：The little girl sings ______ (nice) and everyone likes her. 37. blouse /blaʊz/ n.（女式）衬衫或短上衣 常考短语：a silk blouse 真丝女衬衫 例句：She bought a new white blouse for the party.（她为派对买了一件新的白色女式衬衫。） 练一练：My mother has many beautiful ______ (衬衫) in her closet. 38. private /ˈpraɪvət/ adj. 不喜欢谈论私事的；私人的 派生词：privately adv. 私下地；privacy n. 隐私 常考短语：private life 私人生活；private school 私立学校 例句：You should respect others' private space.（你应该尊重别人的私人空间。） 练一练：This is a ______ (privacy) conversation, so please don't listen. 39. whether /ˈweðə(r)/ conj. 是否 常考短语：whether...or... 是…还是…；whether or not 是否 例句：I don't know whether he will come to the party.（我不知道他是否会来派对。） 练一练：We haven't decided ______ (是否) we will go hiking this weekend or not. 40. married /ˈmærid/ adj. 已婚的；婚姻的 派生词：marry v. 结婚；marriage n. 婚姻 常考短语：get married 结婚；be married to sb. 和某人结婚 例句：She has been married for five years.（她已经结婚五年了。） 练一练：My sister ______ (marry) a doctor last year. 41. merci 谢谢（法语） 例句：She said "merci" to the waiter after the meal.（饭后她对服务员说了“谢谢”。） 练一练：When someone helps you in France, you can say "______ (谢谢)". 42. go a long way 帮助很大 常考短语：go a long way in doing sth. 对…大有帮助 例句：Your advice went a long way in solving my problem.（你的建议对解决我的问题帮助很大。） 练一练：A little kindness can ________________________________ making others happy. 一点点的善意，在让他人开心这件事上，能起很大作用。 43. au revoir /ˌəʊ rəˈvwɑː(r)/再见（法语） 例句：They said "au revoir" and left the café.（他们说了“再见”，然后离开了咖啡馆。） 练一练：When you leave your French friend's home, you can say "____________ (再见)". 44. unsafe /ʌnˈseɪf/ adj. 不安全的；危险的 派生词：safe adj. 安全的；safety n. 安全 safely adv. 安全地 常考短语：unsafe environment 不安全的环境 例句：It's unsafe to play with fire.（玩火是不安全的。） 练一练：The bridge is old and ______ (safe), so we can't walk on it. 45. improper /ɪmˈprɒpə(r)/ adj. 不合适的 派生词：proper adj. 合适的；properly adv. 合适地 常考短语：improper behavior 不当行为 例句：It's improper to laugh at others' mistakes.（嘲笑别人的错误是不合适的。） 练一练：You should not use ______ (proper) words in formal situations. 46. informal /ɪnˈfɔːml/ adj. 非正式的 派生词：formal adj. 正式的；formally adv. 正式地 常考短语：informal meeting 非正式会议；informal language 非正式用语 例句：We had an informal talk about our plans.（我们就计划进行了一次非正式的谈话。） 练一练：You can wear casual clothes to the ______ (formal) party. 47. jeans /dʒiːnz/ n. 牛仔裤 派生词：常用复数，a pair of jeans 一条牛仔裤 常考短语：blue jeans 蓝色牛仔裤 例句：She likes wearing jeans and T-shirts on weekends.（她周末喜欢穿牛仔裤和T恤。） 练一练：I bought a new pair of ______ (jean) yesterday. 48. marry /ˈmæri/ v. 结婚；娶；嫁 派生词：married adj. 已婚的；marriage n. 婚姻 常考短语：marry sb. 和某人结婚；get married 结婚 例句：He will marry his girlfriend next month.（他下个月要和女朋友结婚。） 练一练：They ______ (marry) in a small church last summer. 49. congratulate /kənˈɡrætʃuleɪt/ v. 祝贺 派生词：congratulation n. 祝贺（常用复数 congratulations） 常考短语：congratulate sb. on sth. 就某事祝贺某人 例句：I congratulated him on passing the exam.（我祝贺他通过了考试。） 练一练：We should ______ (congratulate) our friend on his success. 50. Asian /ˈeɪʃn/ adj. 亚洲的 n. 亚洲人 派生词：Asia n. 亚洲 常考短语：Asian culture 亚洲文化；Asian countries 亚洲国家 例句：She is an Asian student from China.（她是一名来自中国的亚洲学生。） 练一练：______ (Asia) food is very popular around the world. 51. tradition /trəˈdɪʃn/ n. 传统 派生词：traditional adj. 传统的；traditionally adv. 传统地 常考短语：cultural tradition 文化传统；follow a tradition 遵循传统 例句：It is a tradition to eat dumplings during the Spring Festival.（春节吃饺子是一个传统。） 练一练：We should keep our old ______ (tradition) alive. 52. firstly /ˈfɜːstli/ adv. 第一；首先 派生词：first num.第一；adj. 第一的 常考短语：firstly...secondly...thirdly... 首先…其次…最后… 例句：Firstly, we need to make a plan.（首先，我们需要制定一个计划。） 练一练：______ (first), you should finish your homework before watching TV. 53. secondly /ˈsekəndli/ adv. 第二；其次 派生词：second num. 第二；adj. 第二的 例句：Secondly, we need to collect enough information.（其次，我们需要收集足够的信息。） 练一练：______ (second), you should listen to the teacher carefully in class. 54. thirdly /ˈθɜːdli/ adv. 第三 派生词：third num. 第三；adj. 第三的 例句：Thirdly, we need to check the result carefully.（第三，我们需要仔细检查结果。） 练一练：______ (third), you should review your lessons after class. 55. correctly /kəˈrektli/ adv. 正确地；得体地 派生词：correct adj. 正确的；correction n. 改正 常考短语：answer correctly 正确回答 例句：She answered all the questions correctly.（她正确回答了所有问题。） 练一练：You should use the words ______ (correct) in your writing. 56. receive /rɪˈsiːv/ v. 收到 派生词：reception n. 接待；receipt n. 收据 常考短语：receive a letter 收到一封信；receive a gift 收到礼物 例句：I received a birthday gift from my friend.（我收到了朋友送的生日礼物。） 练一练：She ______ (receive) a lot of presents on her birthday. 57. sign-off /ˈsaɪn ɒf/ n. 结束写信 派生词：sign v. 签名；签字 例句：He added a warm sign-off at the end of the letter.（他在信的末尾加了一句温暖的结束语。） 练一练：You should write your name in the ______ (结束写信) part of the email. 58. main /meɪn/ adj. 主要的 派生词：mainly adv. 主要地 常考短语：main idea 主旨 例句：The main reason for his success is hard work.（他成功的主要原因是努力。） 练一练：What is the ______ (main) idea of this passage? 59. in one's forties 四十多岁 常考短语：in one's + 整十复数 表示“在某人几十多岁时”（如 in one's fifties 五十多岁） 例句：My father is in his forties.（我爸爸四十多岁了。） 练一练：She started her own business when she was in her ______ (forty). 60. false /fɔːls/ adj. 错误的；不真实的 派生词：falsely adv. 错误地 例句：The news is false, so don't believe it.（这个消息是假的，不要相信。） 练一练：You should not spread ______ (true) news on the Internet. 61. impression /ɪmˈpreʃn/ n. 印象 派生词：impress v. 给…留下深刻印象；impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的 常考短语：make a good impression 留下好印象；first impression 第一印象 例句：She made a good impression on her new teacher.（她给新老师留下了好印象。） 练一练：The first ______ (impress) is very important in a job interview. 62. cheer /tʃɪə(r)/ n. 欢呼 v. 庆祝 派生词：cheerful adj. 快乐的；cheerfully adv. 快乐地 常考短语：cheer up 振作起来；cheer for sb. 为某人欢呼 例句：The crowd cheered for the winning team.（人群为获胜的队伍欢呼。） 练一练：We should ______ (cheer) our friends__________ when they are sad. 63. cheers /tʃɪəz/ interj. 再见；干杯 例句：They said "cheers" and drank the wine.（他们说了“干杯”，然后喝了酒。） 练一练：When you have a dinner with friends, you can say "__________ (cheer)". 「练一练」答案 1. shook 2. bowed 3. bumped 4. fists 5. rubbed 6. kissed 7. cheeks 8. hugged 9. embarrassed 10. confused 11. formal 12. curry 13. rude 14. uncommon 15. palm 16. namaste 17. forks 18. Indian 19. manners 20. so; that 21. confusing 22. unless 23. proper 24. to sit 25. keep off 26. elbow 27. serving 28. chopsticks 29. serving chopsticks 30. embarrassing 31. getting 32. cultural 33. heard 34. customs 35. occasions 36. nicely 37. blouses 38. private 39. whether 40. married 41. merci 42. go a long way in 43. au revoir 44. unsafe 45. improper 46. informal 47. jeans 48. married 49. congratulate 50. Asian 51. traditions 52. Firstly 53. Secondly 54. Thirdly 55. correctly 56. received 57. sign-off 58. main 59. forties 60. false 61. impression 62. cheer; up 63. cheers 同步练习 1、 词性转化 1. ______ v. (shook, shaken)（与某人）握手；摇动；n. 摇动；握手 → ______ n. 摇动；震动 2. ______ adj. 尴尬的 → ______ v. 使尴尬；使难堪 → ______ adj. 使人难堪的 3. ______ adj. 困惑的 → ______ v. 使困惑；混淆 → ______ adj. 令人困惑的 4. ______ adj. 正式的 → ______ adv. 正式地；形式上 → ______ adj. 非正式的（反义词） 5. ______ adj. 粗鲁的 → ______ adv. 粗鲁地；无礼地 → ______ n. 粗鲁；无礼 6. ______ adj. 罕见的；不寻常的 → ______ adj. 常见的；普通的（反义词） 7. ______ adj. 印度的；印度人的；n. 印度人 → ______ n. 印度（国家名） 8. ______ adj. 恰当的；正确的 → ______ adv. 适当地；正确地 → ______ adj. 不合适的 9. ______ adj. 分菜用的；n. 一份食物 → ______ v. 服务；提供；端上（食物） → ______ n. 服务；服务行业 10. ______ adj. 与文化有关的；文化的 → ______ n. 文化；文明 11. ______ n. 习俗 → ______ adj. 习惯的；通常的 12. ______ n. 场合；重大活动 → ______ adj. 偶尔的；偶然的 → ______ adv. 偶尔；间或 13. ______ adv. 漂亮地；令人愉快地 → ______ adj. 美好的；令人愉快的 → ______ n. 美好；愉快 14. ______ adj. 不喜欢谈论私事的；私人的 → ______ adv. 私下地；秘密地 → ______ n. 隐私；私密 15. ______ adj. 已婚的；婚姻的 → ______ v. 结婚；娶；嫁 → ______ n. 婚姻；婚姻生活 16. ______ adj. 不安全的；危险的 → ______ adj. 安全的 → ______ adv. 安全地；平安地 → ______ n. 安全 17. ______ adj. 非正式的 → ______ adj. 正式的（反义词） → ______ adv. 正式地 18. ______ v. 结婚；娶；嫁 → ______ adj. 已婚的；婚姻的 → ______ n. 婚姻；婚姻生活 19. ______ v. 祝贺 → ______ n. 祝贺；恭喜 20. ______ adj. 亚洲的；n. 亚洲人 → ______ n. 亚洲 21. ______ n. 传统 → ______ adj. 传统的；惯例的 → ______ adv. 传统上；习惯上 22. ______ adv. 第一；首先 → ______ adj. 第一的；最初的；adv. 首先；第一；n. 第一；开始 23. ______ adv. 第二；其次 → ______ adj. 第二的；adv. 第二；n. 秒；第二名 24. ______ adv. 第三 → ______ adj. 第三的；adv. 第三；n. 三；第三名 25. ______ adv. 正确地；得体地 → ______ adj. 正确的；恰当的；v. 纠正；改正 → ______ n. 纠正；改正 26. ______ v. 收到 → ______ n. 收据；收条 → ______ n. 接待；接收 27. ______ adj. 主要的 → ______ adv. 主要地；大体上 28. ______ n. 印象 → ______ v. 给……留下深刻印象 → ______ adj. 令人印象深刻的 → ______ adj. 印象深刻的 29. ______ n. 欢呼；v. 庆祝 → ______ adj. 快乐的；愉快的 → ______ interj.再见；干杯 二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. We ordered three ______ (serve) of dumplings to share among the family. 2. Music and dance are important parts of ______ (culture) exchange between countries. 3. It's ______ (common) to see snow in this southern city, so when it falls, everyone gets excited. 4. Jack failed the easy math test. He felt ______ and thought it was an ______ result. (embarrass) 5. Use ______ tools and follow the instructions ______ when doing science experiments. (proper) 6. I was ______ (confuse) by the math problem because it was too difficult. 7. I am used to ______ (wake) up early because I have to go to school at 7:00 every day. 8. It is ______ (safe) to cross the street when the light is red. 9. If you answer all the questions ______ (correct), you will get a prize. 10. My sister dressed ______ (nice) for her school concert. 11. My uncle got ______ (marry) last summer and now he lives with his wife in Beijing. 12. "______ (cheer)!" We shouted and drank our orange juice happily. 13. We wore ______ (formal) clothes like T-shirts and shorts to the picnic. 14. ______ (congratulate) on your birthday! I hope you have a great day. 15. There are many ______ (different) between Chinese and Western countries. 16. I learned to use ______ (chopstick) to eat food when I visited China last year. 17. I ______ (拥抱) my grandmother goodbye before I got on the train. 18. Please keep my secret ______ (私人). Don't tell anyone. 19. I am not sure ______ (是否) she will come to my birthday party. 20. The ______ (主要) reason I study English is to make more friends. 三、用适当的虚词（冠词、介词、连词等）填空 1. You won't understand local customs ______ you live there for a while. 2. It is polite to bring a small gift ______ you are invited to someone's home. 3. She was ______ nervous ______ she forgot how to greet people properly. 4. Don't point ______ others with your chopsticks; it is rude. 5. You can greet people ______ a smile or a simple nod in many cultures. 6. It is important to dress properly ______ the occasion. 7. You should arrive ______ time for the meeting, ______ arriving too early can be impolite. 8. In some cultures, people stand very close ______ each other when they talk. 参考答案 一、词性转化 1. shake v. (shook, shaken)（与某人）握手；摇动；n. 摇动；握手 → shaking n. 摇动；震动 2. embarrassed adj. 尴尬的 → embarrass v. 使尴尬；使难堪 → embarrassing adj. 使人难堪的 3. confused adj. 困惑的 → confuse v. 使困惑；混淆 → confusing adj. 令人困惑的 4. formal adj. 正式的 → formally adv. 正式地；形式上 → informal adj. 非正式的（反义词） 5. rude adj. 粗鲁的 → rudely adv. 粗鲁地；无礼地 → rudeness n. 粗鲁；无礼 6. uncommon adj. 罕见的；不寻常的 → common adj. 常见的；普通的（反义词） 7. Indian adj. 印度的；印度人的；n. 印度人 → India n. 印度（国家名） 8. proper adj. 恰当的；正确的 → properly adv. 适当地；正确地 →improper adj. 不合适的 9. serving adj. 分菜用的；n. 一份食物 → serve v. 服务；提供；端上（食物） → service n. 服务；服务行业 10. cultural adj. 与文化有关的；文化的 → culture n. 文化；文明 11. custom n. 习俗 → customary adj. 习惯的；通常的 12. occasion n. 场合；重大活动 → occasional adj. 偶尔的；偶然的 → occasionally adv. 偶尔；间或 13. nicely adv. 漂亮地；令人愉快地 → nice adj. 美好的；令人愉快的 → niceness n. 美好；愉快 14. private adj. 不喜欢谈论私事的；私人的 → privately adv. 私下地；秘密地 → privacy n. 隐私；私密 15. married adj. 已婚的；婚姻的 → marry v. 结婚；娶；嫁 → marriage n. 婚姻；婚姻生活 16. unsafe adj. 不安全的；危险的 → safe adj. 安全的（反义词） → safely adv. 安全地；平安地 → safety n. 安全 17. informal adj. 非正式的 → formal adj. 正式的（反义词） → formally adv. 正式地 18. marry v. 结婚；娶；嫁 → married adj. 已婚的；婚姻的 → marriage n. 婚姻；婚姻生活 19. congratulate v. 祝贺 → congratulation n. 祝贺；恭喜 20. Asian adj. 亚洲的；n. 亚洲人 → Asia n. 亚洲 21. tradition n. 传统 → traditional adj. 传统的；惯例的 → traditionally adv. 传统上；习惯上 22. firstly adv. 第一；首先 → first adj. 第一的；最初的；adv. 首先；第一；n. 第一；开始 23. secondly adv. 第二；其次 → second adj. 第二的；adv. 第二；n. 秒；第二名 24. thirdly adv. 第三 → third adj. 第三的；adv. 第三；n. 三；第三名 25. correctly adv. 正确地；得体地 → correct adj. 正确的；恰当的；v. 纠正；改正 → correction n. 纠正；改正 26. receive v. 收到 → receipt n. 收据；收条 → reception n. 接待；接收 27. main adj. 主要的 → mainly adv. 主要地；大体上 28. impression n. 印象 → impress v. 给……留下深刻印象 → impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的 → impressed adj. 印象深刻的 29. cheer n. 欢呼；v. 庆祝 → cheerful adj. 快乐的；愉快的 → cheers interj.再见；干杯 （二）用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. servings 2. cultural 3. uncommon 4. embarrassed; embarrassing 5. proper; properly 6. confused 7. waking 8. unsafe 9. correctly 10. nicely 11. married 12. Cheers 13. informal 14. Congratulations 15. differences 16. chopsticks 17. hugged 18. private 19. whether 20. main （三）用适当的虚词（冠词、介词、连词等）填空 1. unless 2. when/if 3. so; that 4. at 5. with 6. for 7. on; but 8. to 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $