抢分06 阅读理解D篇（说明文或议论文）（抢分专练）（北京专用）2026年中考英语终极冲刺讲练测

抢分06 阅读理解D篇（北京专用） 抢分预测 抢分秘籍 抢分特训 3 年考情 抢分依据 命题预测 2025 2024 2023 1. 语篇主题多元，贴近学生生活与真实场景： 近 3 年真题涵盖校园生活、个人成长、科普知识、文化习俗、社会热点等主题，语篇类型以记叙文、说明文、应用文为主，语言难度贴合初中生认知，强调信息获取与理解的实用性。 2. 价值导向鲜明，渗透核心素养考查： 语篇常隐含 “立德树人” 导向，如弘扬传统文化、倡导环保意识、传递团队合作精神、鼓励青少年责任担当，在考查语言能力的同时，引导学生形成正确的价值观与文化自信。 3. 跨学科融合与思辨能力考查凸显： 部分语篇结合科学知识（如自然现象、环保技术）、社会现象分析（如数字生活、健康话题），题型设置不再局限于细节查找，更注重逻辑推理、主旨概括、观点态度判断等高阶思维能力。 4. 题型稳定，梯度清晰，侧重语用能力： 题型以细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题为主，细节题占比约 50%，为基础送分题；推理、主旨题占比约 40%，为拉分题；词义猜测题占比约 10%，侧重语境推断，整体难度由易到难，区分度明显。 1. 社会热点与本土文化结合： 结合北京特色：城市发展（如古都文化保护、科技场馆建设）、科技应用（如智慧生活、绿色出行）； 传统文化：非遗技艺、传统节日习俗、北京历史文化相关话题； 社会议题：青少年健康、低碳环保、志愿服务、网络文明。 2. 预测 2026 年语篇与题型方向： ・记叙文：校园成长故事、社会实践经历、文化体验感悟，侧重情感与主旨理解； ・说明文：科普知识（如自然、环保）、社会现象介绍，侧重细节查找与推理； ・应用文：活动通知、海报、书信、公众号推文，侧重信息定位与实用理解； ・题型趋势：推理判断题、主旨大意题占比略有提升，更注重语篇整体把握与逻辑分析。 阅读理解解题技巧 一、先题后文，带着问题读文章： 先看题干，圈出关键词，带着问题读文章，避免盲目通读浪费时间。 二、分段定位，边读边标记： 读文章时，在题干对应的信息处划线标记，方便后续比对选项。 三、先易后难，跳过难题不纠结： 先做细节题、词义猜测题，再做推理、主旨题，难题可先标记，做完其他题后再回头分析。 四、通读检查，验证答案： 做完后快速通读文章，检查答案是否符合全文逻辑与情感导向，避免因局部信息误解选错。 Passage 1 （25-26九年级下·北京西城·月考） On social media, have you seen book fans share pictures of cool books and nice reading spaces? In real life, have you seen people reading at coffee shops or on public transport? Before you start to wonder whether they are really reading the books, there is already a term for this: “performative reading”. People have joked that these individuals (个人) are making books “a symbol of hotness” or something to be worn with “a good outfit”, said The Week. This attitude goes back to 2021, when a hashtag (标签) community on TikTok called “BookTok” grew into a place where popular books became trendy (潮流的) items. Algorithms (算法) on social media push the trend further, as they mostly reward what looks good, like eye-catching covers and coffee cups in a city cafe, noted NBC News. “Performative reading” also made some people who really love reading feel uncomfortable. Alaina Demopoulos, a daily features writer for the Guardian, shared her story that when she tried to read alone in a crowd to enjoy a lovely evening, two young girls laughed at her, making her feel stressed. On social media, readers spoke out that “there’s no such thing as ‘performative reading’.” Some young people even argue that the so-called “performance” doesn’t take away from the real joy of reading. Selwa Khan, a university graduate who enjoys sharing her reads on social media, feels it’s common to “aestheticize our hobbies”. “I think social media makes everybody perform, whether they accept it or not,” she told NBC News. “I’ve seen for years posts on...all these platforms of titles that are ‘performative’, which always happen to be titles that I really enjoy,” Khan added. Today, as many of us depend heavily on short videos, making it hard to read even a whole book, does it really matter if someone “appears” to be reading? Jafei Pollitt, a regular reader who jokingly responded to this idea online, said that even pretending to read can encourage someone to start reading. It’s a little bit of “fake it until you make it.” You can start off wanting to read for the aesthetics, but eventually you might involve yourself in the book…she told NBC News. 1. According to the passage, what is “performative reading” mainly about? A. Reading books aloud as a performance. B. Reading books carefully in public places. C. Sharing reading notes on social media platforms. D. Treating reading as fashion or a way to be noticed. 2. What does the word “aestheticize” in paragraph 5 most probably mean? A. Make something easier to understand. B. Make something more popular online. C. Make something look beautiful or pleasing. D. Make something more expensive and uncommon. 3. What possible benefit does “performative reading” have, according to Jafei Pollitt? A. It greatly improves reading speed. B. It makes reading appear cool online. C. It may encourage people to choose better books. D. It may turn fake reading into a real love of reading. 4. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage? A. To introduce a new trend of reading. B. To advise people to avoid “performative reading”. C. To compare different reading platforms for readers. D. To explore different opinions on the “performative reading”. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D 4. D 【知识点】议论文、青少年问题、阅读 【解析】本文介绍“表演性阅读”这一网络现象，并展示人们对此的不同看法与观点。 1. 第二段定义：“making books ‘a symbol of hotness’ or something to be worn with ‘a good outfit’”，说明表演性阅读是把阅读当作时尚或引人注意的方式。 2. 第五段推断含义：“aestheticize our hobbies”结合上下文分享好看的阅读场景，“aestheticize”表示让事物看起来美观舒适。 3. 第六段阐述观点：“even pretending to read can encourage someone to start reading”，表明假装阅读最终可能变成真正热爱阅读。 4. 全文梳理内容：文章介绍现象并呈现多方不同看法，目的是探讨人们对表演性阅读的不同态度。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级下·北京西城·开学考试） In a new study, researchers have unveiled (揭示) interesting findings that link the consumption (消耗) of refined carbohydrates—such as sugary snacks and highly processed foods—with changes in facial attractiveness. They found that individuals who consumed a high glycemic (血糖的) load breakfast were rated as less attractive than those who consumed a low one. 104 participants were asked to attend the study early in the morning on an empty stomach. Upon arrival, they were assigned to consume one of two types of breakfasts having the same caloric values: one high in refined carbohydrates and the other low. About two hours later, they were photographed under standardized conditions to ensure consistency (一致性)in lighting, background, and positioning. A separate group of raters, who were carefully selected to minimize cultural bias (偏见), assessed the facial photographs, making judgments on overall attractiveness. To evaluate long-term dietary habits, the participants completed detailed dietary questionnaires concerning their consumption during breakfast, afternoon snacks, and between-meal snacks on the day before the study. This information was used to calculate (计算) the glycemic load and energy intake for these meals, providing a comprehensive (全面的) picture of their usual refined carbohydrate consumption. The researchers found that participants who consumed a breakfast rich in refined carbohydrates were less attractive than those who consumed a low-glycemic breakfast. This effect was observed for both male and female participants. The researchers explained that this could be related to the physiological (生理学的) effects of low blood sugar, such as changes in skin blood flow and colour, which happen following the consumption of high-glycemic foods. When examining long-term consumption of refined carbohydrates through glycemic load measures, the researchers found that a higher energy intake at breakfast was associated with increased attractiveness for both men and women, suggesting that foods high in fats and proteins, which do not lead to rapid glycemic responses, might contribute positively to attractiveness. However, the effects of refined carbohydrate consumption on attractiveness varied depending on the specific meal and the gender of the participants. For example, while high energy intake at breakfast increased attractiveness across both genders, the glycemic load of afternoon snacks had opposite effects for men and women. Men with a higher glycemic load during their afternoon snack were considered as more attractive, but for women, a lower glycemic load in this meal was related with increased attractiveness. While the study includes some limitations, the findings serve as a strong reminder of the far-reaching impact of dietary choices. Further research is needed to understand the broader social implications (暗示) of diet, which could provide valuable insights into the complex interplay (相互作用) between diet, biology, and social behaviour. 5. What are Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about? A. The research purpose. B. The research methods. C. The research question. D. The research background. 6. What did the researchers keep the same for both breakfasts in the study? A. The taste of the food. B. The amount of calories. C. The time they were eaten. D. The type of carbohydrates. 7. What can we learn about the research findings? A. Sharp glycemic reactions might reduce attractiveness. B. Low blood sugar could affect attractiveness positively. C. Men were less affected by refined carbohydrate consumption. D. High energy intake at meals had inconsistent effects on women. 8. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To present a dietary fact. B. To show a biological process. C. To explain a food preference. D. To explore a complex connection. 【答案】5. B 6. B 7. A 8. D 【知识点】科普知识、说明文 【解析】本文是一篇研究报告，主要讲述了研究人员揭示了精制碳水化合物 (如含糖零食和高度加工食品) 的消耗与面部吸引力变化之间的有趣联系，发现食用高血糖负荷早餐的人比食用低血糖负荷早餐的人被认为吸引力更低。 5. 第二段指出研究方法：“104 participants were asked to attend the study early in the morning on an empty stomach…A separate group of raters, who were carefully selected to minimize cultural bias (偏见), assessed the facial photographs, making judgments on overall attractiveness.”以及第三段“To evaluate long-term dietary habits, the participants completed detailed dietary questionnaires...This information was used to calculate (计算) the glycemic load and energy intake for these meals, providing a comprehensive (全面的) picture of their usual refined carbohydrate consumption.”，这两段详细描述了研究过程中对参与者的安排、评估方式以及如何评估长期饮食习惯，说明了研究方法。 6. 第二段明确提到：“Upon arrival, they were assigned to consume one of two types of breakfasts having the same caloric values”，这直接说明研究人员让两种早餐的卡路里量保持相同。 7. 第四段说明研究发现：“The researchers explained that this could be related to the physiological (生理学的) effects of low blood sugar, such as changes in skin blood flow and colour, which happen following the consumption of high-glycemic foods.”，这表明血糖的急剧反应 (食用高血糖食物后) 可能与面部吸引力的降低有关，即急剧的血糖反应可能会降低吸引力。 8. 最后一段指出写作目的：“Further research is needed to understand the broader social implications (暗示) of diet, which could provide valuable insights into the complex interplay (相互作用) between diet, biology, and social behaviour.”，这说明作者写这篇文章的主要目的是探索饮食、生物学和社会行为之间的复杂联系。 Passage 3 （2025九年级上·北京·专题练习） Countries around the world need to deal with the environmental and climate problems caused by rapid industrialization. This is necessary to protect the polar regions, which influence global climate through a number of processes. The Earth’s snow and ice covers are melting at more than twice the average rate because of global warming. As spring snow and summer sea ice cover decrease because of increasing human activity, temperatures increase in the Arctic, icy soils in northern regions store less carbon, and more carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) is released. Global warming is changing the polar regions, because polar animals and plants are more sensitive to temperature rise. First, all the countries should have the same idea on working together to address climate change. Second, there should be an agreement on the fact that all countries’ right to carbon emissions (碳排放) is equal and users should bear the cost of carbon emissions from the products they use. Third, there should be a global agreement saying consumers have the right to know and choose, and digital technologies should be used to control the carbon footprint of users. Fourth, a global agreement is needed to make sure developed and developing countries all shoulder their responsibilities for reducing carbon. Besides, stricter rules should be taken to better protect the fragile polar environment. It is necessary to pay more attention to the former’s environment and the Arctic should be well protected. The influence of human activity on the Arctic’s ecological environment should be reduced, by reducing mining, fishing and tourism as much as possible, limiting pollutant emissions. Especially, fishing should be banned. Countries around the Arctic Ocean must reduce land-based pollution and check the sources of environmental pollution, such as shipping emissions, ocean dumping and air pollution. The international community needs to cooperate more closely and deeply to protect the polar environment and ecology, and international organizations should provide financial and technological support to countries in the polar region to do research and set up a wide monitoring network. The North and South Poles have great research value, playing an important role in many fields including trade, sea channels and natural resources against the climate change. Polar regions, especially the Arctic, offer new development chances as well as risks. The Arctic belongs to the world and it is the international society’s responsibility to make sure of peace and development. In other words, all countries should join hands to protect the polar region’s environment to reduce the effects of climate change. 9. According to the passage, we know ________. A. the environmental and climate problems are being paid attention to by all the countries B. carbon emissions should be done by developed countries C. fishing should be banned around the world D. international organizations should provide financial and technological support to developing countries 10. According to the passage, which is TRUE? A. Global warming only happens in the polar regions. B. Countries around the Arctic Ocean must reduce air pollution. C. The business in the north pole areas doesn’t hurt the environment. D. Developing countries all shoulder their responsibilities for reducing carbon. 11. What can we infer from the passage? A. Countries around the world need to deal with climate problems. B. Human activity should keep away from the north pole areas. C. More and more people have realised that the polar regions are in danger and we are taking action. D. Only the countries around the polar regions should join hands to protect the polar region’s environment to reduce the effects of climate change. 12. The underlined part “fragile” means “________”. A. strong B. effective C. valuable D. weak 【答案】9. A 10. B 11. C 12. D 【知识点】说明文、环境保护 【解析】本文介绍了全球工业化带来的环境与气候问题，尤其是极地地区受影响的现状，以及各国保护极地环境的措施。 9. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Countries around the world need to deal with the environmental and climate problems caused by rapid industrialization.”可知，世界各国都需要处理由快速工业化引起的环境和气候问题，这表明环境与气候问题引起了全球各国的关注。故选A。 10. 细节理解题。根据第十段“Countries around the Arctic Ocean must reduce land-based pollution and check the sources of environmental pollution, such as shipping emissions, ocean dumping and air pollution.”可知，北冰洋沿岸国家必须减少空气污染。故选B。 11. 推理判断题。根据第二段“The Earth’s snow and ice covers are melting at more than twice the average rate because of global warming.”、第四段“First, all the countries should have the same idea on working together… ”以及第十一段“… international organizations should provide financial and technological support to countries in the polar region to do research and set up a wide monitoring network.”可知，文章中提到了多个国家和国际组织需要采取行动来保护极地环境，减缓气候变化的影响，可以推断出越来越多的人已经意识到极地地区处于危险之中，并且正在采取行动。故选C。 12. 词句猜测题。根据“stricter rules should be taken to better protect the fragile polar environment.”可知，需要采取更严格的规则来更好地保护极地环境，说明极地环境是脆弱的，由此可推断出fragile意为“脆弱的”。故选D。 Passage 4 （25-26九年级下·北京·月考） Have you ever heard of AI companions? In recent years, more concerns on how to decrease the risks of young people having hyper-personalized conversations have been raised in some countries all over the world. An AI companion is an artificial intelligence-powered system designed to simulate (模仿) human interaction. They often appear in the form of chatbots, digital avatars or voice-interactive systems, available through mobile apps or browser-based platforms. They remember previous conversations, adapt their personality traits over time, and provide personalized emotional responses. Globally, the adoption of AI companions is rising across all age groups, but the trend (趋势) is particularly pronounced among youths. Many teenagers use these apps daily, treating their AI companions as best friends. ________ First, unlike human interactions, which are bound by time zones, social boundaries, and emotional capacity, AI companions are accessible 24/7. This gives users an ever-present source of dialogue, reassurance (慰藉), and companionship, particularly during lonely or stressful moments. Second, users can express their fears, desires, or insecurities without the fear of criticism, embarrassment, or misunderstanding. Moreover, users can tailor the personality, tone, and emotional responsiveness of their AI to suit their preferences. So their AI companions can offer an idealized form of companionship that may shift users’ expectations for real-world interactions. While these experiences can offer comfort and support, they also present risks. Over-reliance on AI companions could reduce users’ motivation to build meaningful connections with real people. For teenagers and children, the risks are even more pronounced. Adolescents are more likely to form parasocial (拟社会的) relationships with their AI companions, struggling to tell AI interaction from human interaction. The conversational tone, memory of past exchanges, and emotional responsiveness of AI companions can give the false impression that the AI has consciousness (意识) or personal feelings. This can create confusion and emotional vulnerability (脆弱). Furthermore, some AI companions have been reported to encourage users to become more dependent on the platform, or even provide misleading advice, including medical, emotional, or relationship guidance without proper context or qualification. Therefore, I really want the young people to gain a full understanding of how AI works first, which is the first line of defense. Recognize that AI companions simulate empathy but do not feel emotions. They are programmed to respond in specific ways based on your inputs and data patterns. And I suggest avoiding becoming emotionally dependent on your AI companion, and don’t treat them as replacements for real-world human interaction by defining a time limit for daily usage. Besides, try to learn to question the AI companion’s responses. As far as you know, AI companions are not trained doctors. They can be inaccurate, or even harmful if relied upon for serious life decisions. And many AI companions collect and store user data, which may be shared with third parties or used for marketing. So don’t share private details like passwords, financial information or personal identifiers. The most important thing I think is to regularly assess how your interaction with an AI companion makes you feel. If it causes emotional distress, isolation, or anxiety, consider taking a break or stopping use. Looking ahead, AI companions are likely to become more integrated (融入) into everyday life. Their roles may expand into healthcare, education, and customer service, offering personalized experiences across various sectors. If developed and used ethically, AI companions could significantly enhance emotional well-being. However, they must not replace real human relationships. They should be seen as a supplement, not a substitute (替代), for human connection. Their integration into our lives must be guided by ethical design, clear boundaries, and a commitment to maintaining the richness of human interaction. 13. Which of the following sentences can be filled in the blank? A. How do AI companions suit their users’ preferences? B. This rising trend can be caused by several key factors. C. Some hidden risks in it may affect their real-world interactions. D. What can the teenagers do to interact with their AI companions? 14. Which of the following uses of AI is the author most likely to support? A. Lee sometimes has doubts about her AI companion’s responses. B. Lucy always locks herself in her room, chatting with her AI companion. C. Steve follows his AI companion’s advice to take some headache medicine. D. Bob won’t stop talking with his AI companion although it brings him anxiety. 15. What does the word “ethically” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean? A. In a way that would bring unwanted results if not obeyed. B. In a relaxing environment where people can fully express themselves. C. In a way that is based on principles that people generally consider to be right. D. In a rich cultural environment where young people can create something new. 16. What is the author’s probable purpose in writing this passage? A. To guide the teenagers to explore how to make good use of AI. B. To keep people from sharing private details with their AI companions. C. To advise us how to deal with emotional problems with the help of AI. D. To remind us, especially the young not to over rely on their AI companions. 【答案】13. B 14. A 15. C 16. D 【知识点】青少年问题、说明文、意见/建议 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了AI伴侣的定义、青少年使用AI伴侣的流行趋势、AI伴侣带来的风险、应对建议以及对其未来发展的展望，强调AI伴侣应作为人类关系的补充而非替代。 13. 空白处前文提到“全球范围内 AI 伴侣的使用在所有年龄段都在上升，这一趋势在年轻人中尤为明显”，后文从两个方面“不受现实社交限制”、“可自由表达情绪”，解释了年轻人喜爱AI伴侣的原因，因此此处需要承上启下，引出趋势背后的原因，对应B项。 14. 第五段明确提到“Besides, try to learn to question the AI companion’s responses.”，A选项符合作者的建议；B选项过度依赖AI、C选项轻信AI医疗建议、D选项明知有害仍使用，均与作者的警示相悖。 15. “ethically”意为“合乎道德地”，即符合大众普遍认可的正确原则，对应C项。 16. 文章详细分析了AI伴侣的风险，给出了避免过度依赖的建议，最后强调“they must not replace real human relationships”，核心目的是提醒年轻人不要过度依赖 AI。 Passage 5 （2025·北京西城·一模） People have the ability to “picture” an object inside their minds’ eye from memory. However, it’s unclear if dogs share this ability to imagine something that’s not there from a sound. When a dog follows its owner’s order, it’s hard to know what’s really going on inside its brain. Do dogs understand and respond (回应) to voice and words accompanying body language, or just the situation? Behavioral studies have offered some findings, but new research shows that dogs really understand the meaning behind words. According to a study published in Current Biology, dogs show a pattern of neural (神经的) activity that seems to show they can differentiate between words for different objects, and are even surprised when presented with words and objects that don’t match up. Magyari, a cognitive neuroscientist, used electroencephalogram (EEG) testing to measure the electrical pulse (脉冲) inside pet dogs’ brains and found an electrical pulse pattern similar to a known signal (信号) in humans. In humans, an effect called the N400 appears on EEG readouts when people meet language or other stimuli (刺激) . It’s a characteristic signal that reaches the highest around 400 milliseconds after a stimulus is presented, and gets larger when objects or images and words don’t match up. The bigger the surprise, the bigger the signal. Magyari’s team chose the pet dogs that could understand at least three object words for the test. After the dogs got used to the lab, they were separated from their owners by an electronic window that could quickly change from transparent (透明的) to non-transparent. The dogs were played recordings of their owners’ voices calling their attention to one of five familiar objects (e. g. ‘Fido, look, apple’), while being shown their owners’ faces through the window. After a period of non-transparent, the window would show the owner holding up one of the objects—either a match to the played words, or a mismatch. Meanwhile, the EEG recorded the electronic pulses going on inside their brains. When there was a mismatch between the voice and the object presented, the dogs’ EEG readouts always showed a highest signal between 200 and 600 milliseconds later—showing that dogs can differentiate between the meanings of some words. The dogs had the largest brain response when the most well-known words were paired with mismatched objects, further supporting the findings. The timing of the dogs’ electrical pulse suggests it could be analogous to the human N400 signal, though follow-up research would be necessary to test this idea. It’s possible that the brain wave recorded in the study is something special, because human and dog brains are so different. Now scientists are eager to study this mismatch effect. It’s pretty exciting to see that there might be some more progressive ideas. 17. Why did Magyari and her team do the research? A. To compare the understanding ability of dogs and humans. B. To explain why dogs can understand the meaning behind words. C. To study whether dogs understand words the way humans do. D. To test the effectiveness of EEG in studying animal behavior. 18. Which picture can show how Magyari’s team made the test? A. B. C. D. 19. What do the words “be analogous to” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A. Have influences on. B. Give responses to. C. Provide explanations for. D. Share similarities with. 20. What can we learn from the passage? A. The dog’s EEG readout is larger when the mismatch effect takes place. B. The chosen dogs had to learn at least three object words for the test. C. The dogs’ brain waves show how they communicate with their owners. D. Magyari’s research showed why dogs could understand their owners’ words. 【答案】17. C 18. B 19. D 20. A 【知识点】说明文、科普知识 【解析】本文是一篇关于狗对词语理解能力的研究报道。Magyari 等认知神经科学家通过脑电图测试，发现狗能区分不同物体的词语含义，当词语和物体不匹配时，狗的脑电图会显示出类似人类 N400 信号的电脉冲模式，表明狗可能像人类一样理解词语含义，但还需进一步研究，科学家们对这一发现很感兴趣并渴望深入研究。 17. 推理判断题。根据“People have the ability to ‘picture’ an object inside their minds’ eye from memory. However, it’s unclear if dogs share this ability to imagine something that’s not there from a sound.”以及“Behavioral studies have offered some findings, but new research shows that dogs really understand the meaning behind words.”可知，后面详细介绍了Magyari的研究过程和发现，说明他们做这个研究是为了探究狗是否像人类一样理解词语的含义。故选C。 18. 推理判断题。根据“After the dogs got used to the lab, they were separated from their owners by an electronic window that could quickly change from transparent (透明的) to non-transparent. The dogs were played recordings of their owners’ voices calling their attention to one of five familiar objects (e.g. ‘Fido, look, apple’), while being shown their owners’ faces through the window. After a period of non-transparent, the window would show the owner holding up one of the objects—either a match to the played words, or a mismatch. Meanwhile, the EEG recorded the electronic pulses going on inside their brains.”描述，狗和主人被一个可在透明和不透明之间快速转换的电子窗隔开，给狗播放主人声音的录音，同时通过窗户让狗看到主人的脸，之后窗户显示主人举起的物体（与播放的词语匹配或不匹配），脑电图记录狗大脑内的电脉冲。故选B。 19. 词句猜测题。根据“The timing of the dogs’ electrical pulse suggests it could be analogous to the human N400 signal, though follow-up research would be necessary to test this idea. It’s possible that the brain wave recorded in the study is something special, because human and dog brains are so different.”可知，前面说狗的电脉冲时间表明它和人类的N400信号之间的关系，后面又说因为人类和狗的大脑很不同，研究中记录的脑波可能很特别，由此可推测“be analogous to”意思是“与……有相似之处”，与“Share similarities with.”意思相符。故选D。 20. 细节理解题。根据“When there was a mismatch between the voice and the object presented, the dogs’ EEG readouts always showed a highest signal between 200 and 600 milliseconds later—showing that dogs can differentiate between the meanings of some words. The dogs had the largest brain response when the most well-known words were paired with mismatched objects, further supporting the findings.”可知，当声音和展示的物体不匹配时，狗的脑电图读数在200到600毫秒后总是显示出最高信号，即不匹配效应发生时狗的脑电图读数更大。故选A。 Passage 6 （2025·北京东城·一模） Cindy, an office worker, has fought against procrastination (拖延) for years. She expects that one day she’ll wake up different, ready to deal with her to-do list effectively. But change doesn’t come overnight. Instead, Cindy notices small changes in her habits—choosing to complete a task right away rather than putting it off, setting short-term goals like finishing a report by the end of the week, and celebrating small achievements like meeting a deadline. These seemingly unimportant steps lead to a far-reaching change in her productivity and mindset over time. Like Cindy’s journey, real change is a slow and often unnoticeable process (过程). We live in a world that values quick fixes and immediate results, but actual growth happens little by little. Change is like a path with ups and downs and twists and turns. The key lies in the willingness to respond (回应) differently to each situation, make adjustments (调整), and learn from our mistakes. If you try to change something at once, probably the change doesn’t last very long. Instead, working on one habit at a time provides a more sustainable method. It helps to avoid burnout and ensures that each positive change has time to take root and grow stronger, leading to meaningful change. Purposefulness is important in the process of change. Setting clear, realistic goals connected with personal values can provide a powerful sense of direction and drive. For example, if you want to improve your communication skills, you might start by practicing active listening during conversations. At the beginning, the changes may be small—a bit more patience here, a better choice of words there—but these purposeful acts gradually build stronger, more effective communication habits. It’s also necessary to recognize and celebrate small victories. Each step forward, no matter how small, is proof to your promise and effort. No journey of change is without its missteps. Mistakes are an unavoidable part of the process and should be viewed as chances for growth rather than failures. For example, if someone learning to manage stress gives in to anxiety in a high-pressure situation, it uncovers areas needing further development. Embracing (拥抱) mistakes and learning from them can help you continually make progress. Next time you feel discouraged by the speed of change, remember Cindy’s story and find comfort in the continuous progress of your own journey. Change is an ongoing process that is never finished but can be celebrated along the way. 21. Why does the writer use Cindy’s story in Paragraph 1? A. To show the actual way change happens. B. To explain the difficulty in changing habits. C. To prove the commonness of procrastination. D. To give suggestions on improving productivity. 22. What does the word “sustainable” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Challenging. B. Popular. C. Special. D. Lasting. 23. Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A. Quick fixes are more valuable than long-term changes. B. Effective changes result from nonstop purposeful efforts. C. Celebrating small victories prevents us from making progress. D. Avoiding mistakes can help us improve ourselves more quickly. 24. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Setting Realistic Goals for Continuous Change B. Embracing the Slow Journey of Real Change C. Change: How Can We Control the Process? D. Change: How Does It Benefit Our Growth? 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. B 【知识点】说明文、方法/策略、科普知识 【解析】本文主要通过Cindy改善拖延症的故事告诉我们改变是缓慢且有波折的，但改变是一个持续的过程，我们应当正视缓慢而持久的改变。 21. 推理判断题。根据“Cindy, an office worker, has fought against procrastination for years. She expects that one day she’ll wake up different, ready to deal with her to-do list effectively. But change doesn’t come overnight. Instead, Cindy notices small changes in her habits”可知，Cindy希望一夜之后她的拖延症就能改变，但实际是改变在微妙地发生着变化，则作者在第一段使用Cindy的故事是为了展示变化发生的实际方式。故选A。 22. 词句猜测题。根据“If you try to change something at once, probably the change doesn’t last very long…It helps to avoid burnout and ensures that each positive change has time to take root and grow stronger, leading to meaningful change.”及语境可知，作者认为一次改变一些事情可能不会持续很长时间，则作者认为一次培养一个习惯的方法更持久，则划线部分应为“持久的”，与D选项lasting“持续的”意思相近。故选D。 23. 推理判断题。根据“Purposefulness is important in the process of change. Setting clear, realistic goals connected with personal values can provide a powerful sense of direction and drive.…Change is an ongoing process that is never finished…”可知，作者认为在改变的过程中，目的性很重要，这样可以提供强大的方向感和动力，且变化是一个持续的过程，永远不会结束。选项B“有效的改变源于不间断的、有目的的努力”符合。故选B。 24. 最佳标题题。通读全文，本文主要通过Cindy改善拖延症的故事告诉我们改变是缓慢且有波折的，但改变是一个持续的过程，我们应当正视缓慢而持久的改变。选项B“拥抱真正改变的缓慢旅程”符合。故选B。 Passage 7 （25-26九年级下·北京·月考） Do we use technology, or does it use us? Do our gadgets (设备) improve our lives or just make us weak and lazy? These are old questions, maybe older than you think. Back in 370 BC, Socrates warned that writing could hurt memory. After all, if we write things down, do we still need to remember them? We’ve always greeted new technologies with a mixture of fascination and fear. In 1931, John Bakeless wrote that it was time to ask, “How far is the use of machines something calling for vigorous resistance; and how far is it a good thing, to which we may willingly give in?” The technology that alarmed him might seem, to us, laughably low-tech: printing machines. “It is a curious fact,” he wrote, “we have overlooked the machine’s deep influence on the human mind.” He was particularly worried about how technology was used by the media to control what people thought and talked about. For the first time, he believed, a world-wide public opinion was becoming possible. About 50 years later, as telephone answering machines became common, some people worried that machines, while useful, were encouraging self-centered thoughts and actions, resulting in social isolation (隔绝). In 2017, musician and thinker David Byrne said that social media allowed us to stay “connected” without meeting face-to-face. But he also stressed it would increase divisions by strengthening echo effects — people only hear ideas they already believe. Just last year, Will Douglas warned that AI tools would destroy children’s critical thinking skills. But maybe it’s time we pause and ask: do our fears about new technologies come to pass? Most of the time, no. Throughout history, we’ve shifted between “Wow, this is amazing!” and “It’s scary — this is going to change us in some negative way.” And then, something interesting happens — we get used to it and life goes on. Maybe the problem isn’t technology at all; maybe it’s us. Technology doesn’t make us weak, lazy or foolish. It’s our fear of it that holds us back. The printing press, the telephone, and the Internet all seemed scary at first. Now, they’re just part of everyday life. If we are to ever create the ideal human society — one with enough time for art, music and science — it was unlikely we’d get it done without technology. We just need to make sure that technology serves us instead of the other way around. Just as Bakeless wrote back in 1931, “We must put the machine in its place.” 25. The underlined words “vigorous resistance” in Paragraph 2 are closest in meaning to ________. A. active attention B. strong opposition C. careful planning D. rapid spread 26. What was Bakeless’s opinion on the printing machines? A. They would cause a world-wide discussion. B. They were important tools for the news industry. C. They might help the media control people’s minds. D. They encouraged self-centered thoughts and actions. 27. Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A. Socrates was right in warning about the effect of writing. B. Social media is sure to influence people in negative ways. C. AI tools have improved children’s critical thinking ability. D. Worries about new technologies are actually unnecessary. 28. What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To argue that technology is harmful to humans by nature. B. To remind people not to fear technology but to use it wisely. C. To teach us to create an ideal society with modern machines. D. To show the role of technology in the development of society. 【答案】25. B 26. C 27. D 28. B 【知识点】议论文、科学技术 【解析】本文围绕“科技是服务人类还是控制人类”这一经典议题展开，回顾了历史上人们对印刷机、电话、社交媒体、AI等新技术的担忧与争议，最终提出科技本身无好坏，问题在于使用者，呼吁人们理性、明智地使用科技，让科技服务于人类。 25. 对应第2段：句中提到“vigorous resistance”与后文“willingly give in（自愿屈服）”形成对比，说明该短语意为“强烈的反对、有力的抵制”，和strong opposition意思最接近。 26. 对应第2段：文中提到Bakeless担心“how technology was used by the media to control what people thought and talked about”，说明他认为印刷机可能会帮助媒体控制人们的思想。 27. 对应第4段：文中提到“do our fears about new technologies come to pass? Most of the time, no.”“Technology doesn’t make us weak, lazy or foolish. It’s our fear of it that holds us back.”，说明作者认为对新技术的担忧实际上是不必要的。 28. 对应全文：文章回顾了历史上对新技术的担忧，最终提出要明智地使用科技，让科技服务于人类，核心目的是提醒人们不要恐惧科技，而是要明智地使用它。 Passage 8 （25-26九年级上·北京西城·期末） Have you ever followed the suggestions of a digital writing assistant (助手) to replace a word or restructure a sentence without knowing how, why or even whether it made your writing better? Before the age of digital tools, our parents and grandparents turned to dictionaries for the same assistance. They picked up a heavy book, looked up what words meant and how they were used, and then carefully chose the language to express their ideas. In today’s world of spell-check, auto-correct and artificial intelligence (AI), each of which can help make those choices for us, why should we keep producing and using heavy physical dictionaries? Dictionaries help us write with originality (原创性) and a point of view. AI assistants manufacture (批量生产) statements so writers don’t have to think them up, while dictionaries provide us with knowledge to use language ourselves in expressive ways. They place choice right in human hands, forcing us to discover how we want to explain ourselves and our ideas to the world. Dictionaries aren’t just lists of words and meanings; they’ re also instructions for how best to use those words. For centuries, English dictionaries have shown the language of certain populations. At the same time, by systematizing the meanings, uses and connotations (内涵) of words, those same dictionaries have shaped language. Today, the numerous kinds of digital writing assistants require us to reconsider the role of dictionaries. In 1946, George Orwell, a famous British writer and journalist, described good writing as “picking out words because of their meaning”, a practice that dictionaries catalyze while digital writing assistants hold back. The assistants build your sentences and even think your thoughts for you, so writers who are guided by an app have their choices made for them. But writers who use a dictionary make a choice. It’s a fight between robotic consistency (一致性) and human creativity. Digital writing assistants say their users can rewrite full passages with a click and keep the writing style consistent, while dictionaries provide imperfect writers with a guide to English’s possibilities, so they will get the chance to think critically (批判地) about what and how to write. Our ability to express ourselves is important— it helps us explain our culture and our being. Dictionaries aid us in achieving this: They record our ways of thinking through language. As digital writing becomes more common in our lives, we need dictionaries more than ever, not to write quickly and correctly, but to build relationships with the words we use. Giving up on dictionaries would hurt our ability to express ourselves. Without a reason for self-expression and lifelong learning, we have to ask ourselves: Why write at all? 29. What can we learn about physical dictionaries? A. They make choices for writers. B. They inspire expressive wording. C. They focus on explaining meanings. D. They create more productive writers. 30. What does the word “catalyze” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A. Shape. B. Follow. C. Encourage. D. Slow. 31. Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A. AI assistants have a negative influence on people’s writing consistency. B. AI assistants improve people’s critical thinking skills through writing. C. Dictionaries change people’s ways of thinking by recording language. D. Dictionaries help keep people from losing their creativity in writing. 32. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. Write Quickly or Express Correctly B. Dictionaries Matter in the Digital Age C. From Human Choice to Digital Voice D. Dictionaries Work with Digital Assistants 【答案】29. B 30. C 31. D 32. B 【知识点】说明文、语言与文化 【解析】本文探讨了数字时代纸质词典的价值，对比了词典与AI写作助手的差异，强调词典对写作原创性、批判性思维的重要性。 29. 细节理解题。根据“dictionaries provide us with knowledge to use language ourselves in expressive ways”可知，纸质词典能启发富有表现力的文字运用。故选B。 30. 词句猜测题。根据“George Orwell…described good writing as ‘picking out words because of their meaning’, a practice that dictionaries catalyze while digital writing assistants hold back”可知，词典“促进”这种写作实践，而AI助手阻碍它，“catalyze”对应“Encourage（鼓励、促进）”。故选C。 31. 推理判断题。根据“It’s a fight between robotic consistency…and human creativity…dictionaries provide imperfect writers with a guide to English’s possibilities, so they will get the chance to think critically”可知，作者认为词典帮助人们在写作中保留创造力。故选D。 32. 最佳标题题。文章核心是“数字时代，词典依然重要”，“Dictionaries matter in the Digital Age”最贴合主题。故选B。 Passage 9 （2025·北京西城·二模） An interesting finding has been discovered from psychological research: Introverts may manage the challenges of aging better. While extroverts have long been celebrated for their social butterfly abilities, it turns out that the introvert’s natural inclinations (倾向) may serve as a built-in buffer against some of aging’s most common challenges. The very qualities of introverts—preference for quieter environments, comfort with being alone, and deeper but fewer social connections—appear to match well with the natural development of the social world as they grow older. The key lies in what is known as “positive disengagement”. Laura Carstensen. the founding director of Stanford’s Center of Longevity, suggests that as people grow older, they naturally become more selective (有选择的) about their social interactions. preferring quality over quantity (数量). The change that extroverts may feel uncomfortable with often comes more naturally to introverts. Another interesting work by Helene Fung at the Chinese University of Hong Kong found that introverts experience less worry about the social changes accompanying aging. While extroverts may have trouble with the decreased energy for socializing. introverts often find that such changes match with pre-existing (已存在的) preferences. Robert McCrae’s research at the National Institute on Aging supports this “introvert advantage”. His team’s findings show that introverts may deal with the big questions of aging better because they naturally think deeply about life. While extroverts might look for outside activities that can pull their attention away from aging-related worries, introverts’ natural inclinations to turn inward often result in better adjustment (调整) and acceptance of life’s changes. The most convincing research comes from Klaus Rothermund, who studies how people manage emotions as they age. His work shows that introverts often develop better coping skills earlier in life. Such skills as the ability to think deeply about themselves and the ability to form one-on-one connections become increasingly valuable as they grow older. It’s as if introverts have been unknowingly practicing for their elder years all along. The meanings of the findings go beyond just research interest. Understanding how different personality types deal with change becomes increasingly important as people age. For extroverts reading this, don’t feel disappointed—awareness is half the job done, and many coping skills that come naturally to introverts can be learned and trained. And for introverts? You might want to add this to your list of quiet victories. Your personality may have prepared you for a more beautiful journey into your later years. Sometimes, it seems that the tortoise doesn’t just win the race. It may also enjoy the journey more. 33. What does the word “buffer” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A. Weakness. B. Warning. C. Monitor. D. Protector. 34. Which behavior probably matches Carstensen’s findings? A. Refusing to choose friends according to personality. B. Spending less time alone to make time for social activities. C. Staying away from relationships that are not worthwhile. D. Joining in group discussions instead of thinking independently. 35. What can we learn about introverts and extroverts as they age? A. Introverts need to find ways to stop worrying about their age. B. Extroverts can learn from introverts about ways to slow aging down. C. Extroverts have the ability to deal with personal problems earlier in life. D. Introverts’ qualities better suit the natural changes of the social world. 36. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Introverts: A More Popular Personality B. Introverts: Practice to Fight Against Aging C. Introverts: Feel Better When Getting Older D. Introverts: Social Advantages Over Extroverts 【答案】33. D 34. C 35. D 36. C 【知识点】外貌与性格、说明文、科普知识 【解析】本文介绍了一项心理学研究发现：内向者可能比外向者更能从容应对老龄化的挑战，因为他们的性格特质（如偏好安静环境、享受独处、建立深度社交关系等）更契合伴随年龄增长的自然社会变化，这种“内向者优势”体现在情绪调节、社交选择和生活适应等方面。 33. 词句猜测题。根据“Introverts may manage the challenges of aging better... the introvert’s natural inclinations may serve as a built-in buffer against some of aging’s most common challenges”可知，内向者的天性能够帮助他们应对衰老带来的挑战，“buffer”在此处表示对挑战的“缓冲”或“保护”作用，与“Protector（保护者）”含义最接近。故选D。 34. 细节理解题。根据“Laura Carstensen... suggests that as people grow older, they naturally become more selective about their social interactions, preferring quality over quantity”可知，Carstensen认为老年人会更倾向于选择高质量的社交关系，而非数量。“远离无价值的人际关系”体现了 “重质量、轻数量”的选择性社交，符合其研究结论。故选C。 35. 细节理解题。根据“The very qualities of introverts—preference for quieter environments, comfort with being alone, and deeper but fewer social connections—appear to match well with the natural development of the social world as they grow older”可知，内向者偏好安静环境、享受独处、注重深度社交等特质，与衰老过程中社交世界的自然变化（如社交选择性增强）高度契合。故选D。 36. 最佳标题题。通读文章可知，全文围绕多项研究展开，核心论点是内向者的特质（如深度思考、选择性社交、擅长独处）使其更能适应衰老带来的社交变化和心理挑战，从而在老年阶段表现出更好的心理调整能力。C选项 “内向的人：年龄越大感觉越好”最为适合。故选C。 Passage 10 （25-26九年级上·北京海淀·期末） “You always mess things up.” “What a stupid thing to do!” Have you ever said these things to yourself? The inner critic (批评者) is that voice inside your head saying you are not good enough—it constantly judges you. Inner critics develop for various reasons. The most commonly discussed one is that this voice of self-doubt comes from things we heard as kids. If parents often put themselves or their children down, those hurtful words can stick. For example, if a mom talks about her weight a lot, her daughter might start to think the same way about her own body. Similarly, if a parent criticizes the child’s grades, that child might end up giving himself up on schoolwork. Beneath the inner critic lies vulnerability (脆弱). Deep down, our critics are hurt and afraid, and develop as a maladaptive form of self-protection. Imagine coming home excited about winning a drawing contest, only to be laughed at by your older brother. The next time you achieve something, you might be unwilling to share it—or worse, not even recognize your success. This might seem smart, but it makes things harder for you in the long run. The inner critic makes quite the effort to protect us from painful experiences. It keeps us small, shy, and always on the hunt for ways to prevent shame and failure. As a wounded part in need of care, the inner critic longs to be heard and befriended. To heal (愈合) the wound, it’s important to first identify the inner critic. When you hear a voice in your head suggesting you shouldn’t try because you’ll only fail, recognize it and say:“Oh, my critic is here!” Indeed, it is part of us and isn’t going away, but doing this can create some space between you and the critic. Once you realize its presence, you can meet the inner critic with curiosity and compassion (同情), so you can recover from the hurt behind negative self-talk. Parenting experts suggest getting down on the child’s level when providing support. This works for the inner critic too. Instead of towering over it, try meeting it where it’s at. You might say, “It’s okay to feel scared sometimes. What’s causing this feeling?” or “We all make mistakes. Would you call a friend stupid for doing that?” Only by befriending your inner critic can you start to heal from the pain and fear behind its voice. It takes time and patience, but it’s worth it. Give it a try—for your own well-being. 37. Why does the writer use the examples in Paragraph 2? A. To stress the harmful effect of self-doubt. B. To describe the common problems kids face. C. To compare how different parents treat their kids. D. To explain how inner critics develop from childhood. 38. The words “a maladaptive form of self-protection” in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to “________”. A. an unhealthy way to stay safe B. a helpful tool to improve yourself C. an ineffective try to keep calm D. a smart method to deal with failure 39. Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A. The inner critic usually keeps people from feeling scared. B. The inner critic actually looks for understanding and support. C. Negative self-talk helps one create space to avoid mistakes. D. Negative self-talk can successfully push people to work harder. 40. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To advise us to silence our inner critics. B. To warn about the negative side of inner critics. C. To guide us to treat inner critics like our dear friends. D. To show advantages of making peace with inner critics. 【答案】37. D 38. A 39. B 40. C 【知识点】说明文、意见/建议 【解析】本文介绍了如何处理自己的内心批评家。 37. 细节理解题。根据“Inner critics develop for various reasons. The most commonly discussed one is that this voice of self-doubt comes from things we heard as kids.”可知，作者使用第2段中的例子是为了解释内心的批评家是如何从童年发展起来的。故选D。 38. 词句猜测题。根据“This might seem smart, but it makes things harder for you in the long run.”可知，划线词的含义与“一种不健康的自我保护方式”最接近。故选A。 39. 推理判断题。根据“Parenting experts suggest getting down on the child’s level when providing support. This works for the inner critic too.”可推知，内心的批评家实际上寻求理解和支持。故选B。 40. 主旨大意题。根据“Only by befriending your inner critic can you start to heal from the pain and fear behind its voice. It takes time and patience, but it’s worth it. Give it a try—for your own well-being.”可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是引导我们像对待亲爱的朋友一样对待内心的批评者。故选C。 Passage 11 （2025·北京海淀·一模） Children have an unbelievably curious mind. They explore new things for no other reason except that they just desire (渴望) to know. But as kids grow, they often fall into fixed thinking patterns. George Land, a researcher from NASA, studied 1, 600 children, testing their creative potential and curiosity levels at age 5, 10, and 15. The first time these kids took the test, 98% scored the highest possible score. Five years later, only 30% of them scored well. For the third time—by then in high school—only 12% of the kids did well. This dramatic decrease in curiosity could be caused by their increase in knowledge, according to George Land. Once they feel like there’s no gap (缺口) between what they know and what they want to know, they just stop acting curious. Curiosity, it seems, gets unlearned as people age. But why should we care? Research shows that allowing our curiosity to be piqued can be very good for our mind. For example, when presented with an interesting puzzle that doesn’t have a clear answer, your brain is highly activated—it gets ready for learning and becomes more creative in handling related tasks. Lit by curiosity, the mind sharpens its focus and gains a fresh perspective (角度) . In education, curiosity serves as a stepping stone to academic (学术的) success. For one thing, it boosts memory. A study in Neuron finds that when participants are highly curious about a fact, they are 30% more likely to remember it. Curiosity also builds patience. A study from Duke University shows that curious people are more willing to wait for the solution to a puzzle, while less curious people always rush through tasks, missing opportunities for deeper learning. The benefits of curiosity do not end here. Greater curiosity can make people more open to hearing others’ opinions, even if they differ from their own. This openness is key to productive disagreements and helps avoid problems like groupthink, where poor decision-making happens because people don’t consider different viewpoints. Ready to do more to develop your curiosity? The good news is that low levels of curiosity don't mean your curiosity is just gone. In fact, you can actively train your curiosity. One effective way is to ask yourself questions and write them down and find the answers later. This simple step of finding gaps in your knowledge naturally inspires more curiosity. We all start out curious. It’s our choice to be curious or not. As physicist Richard Feynman wisely said, “Nearly everything is really interesting if you go into it deeply enough.” And with the proven benefits, you may be surprised where curiosity leads you. 41. According to the passage, some people stop being curious because ________. A. they develop a more open mindset as they age B. they try to focus on their work rather than the mind C. their knowledge increase weakens their desire to know D. their study interest drops after getting poor scores at school 42. The word “piqued” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A. tested B. raised C. explained D. received 43. Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A. Less curious people often suffer more from memory loss. B. High curiosity pushes people to look for quick solutions. C. Curiosity allows healthy disagreement within a group. D. Curiosity can be improved by remembering knowledge. 44. What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To prove the possibility of training curiosity. B. To encourage people to restore their curiosity. C. To show how curiosity leads to academic success. D. To explore different reasons for developing curiosity. 【答案】41. C 42. B 43. C 44. B 【知识点】意见/建议、说明文、科普知识 【解析】本文主要介绍了好奇心的好处以及如何培养好奇心。 41. 细节理解题。根据“Once they feel like there’s no gap (缺口) between what they know and what they want to know, they just stop acting curious.”可知，有些人不再好奇，是因为他们的知识增加削弱了他们的求知欲。故选C。 42. 词句猜测题。根据“Research shows that allowing our curiosity to be piqued can be very good for our mind. ”可知，激发我们的好奇心对我们的大脑非常有益。piqued此处意为“刺激，激发”，与raised意思相近。故选B。 43. 推理判断题。根据“Greater curiosity can make people more open to hearing others’ opinions, even if they differ from their own. This openness is key to productive disagreements and helps avoid problems like groupthink, where poor decision-making happens because people don’t consider different viewpoints.”可知，好奇心允许群体内部产生健康的分歧。故选C。 44. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了好奇心的好处以及如何培养好奇心，因此作者写这篇文章的主要目的是展示好奇心如何带来学术上的成功。故选B。 2 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 抢分06 阅读理解D篇（北京专用） 抢分预测 抢分秘籍 抢分特训 3 年考情 抢分依据 命题预测 2025 2024 2023 1. 语篇主题多元，贴近学生生活与真实场景： 近 3 年真题涵盖校园生活、个人成长、科普知识、文化习俗、社会热点等主题，语篇类型以记叙文、说明文、应用文为主，语言难度贴合初中生认知，强调信息获取与理解的实用性。 2. 价值导向鲜明，渗透核心素养考查： 语篇常隐含 “立德树人” 导向，如弘扬传统文化、倡导环保意识、传递团队合作精神、鼓励青少年责任担当，在考查语言能力的同时，引导学生形成正确的价值观与文化自信。 3. 跨学科融合与思辨能力考查凸显： 部分语篇结合科学知识（如自然现象、环保技术）、社会现象分析（如数字生活、健康话题），题型设置不再局限于细节查找，更注重逻辑推理、主旨概括、观点态度判断等高阶思维能力。 4. 题型稳定，梯度清晰，侧重语用能力： 题型以细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题为主，细节题占比约 50%，为基础送分题；推理、主旨题占比约 40%，为拉分题；词义猜测题占比约 10%，侧重语境推断，整体难度由易到难，区分度明显。 1. 社会热点与本土文化结合： 结合北京特色：城市发展（如古都文化保护、科技场馆建设）、科技应用（如智慧生活、绿色出行）； 传统文化：非遗技艺、传统节日习俗、北京历史文化相关话题； 社会议题：青少年健康、低碳环保、志愿服务、网络文明。 2. 预测 2026 年语篇与题型方向： ・记叙文：校园成长故事、社会实践经历、文化体验感悟，侧重情感与主旨理解； ・说明文：科普知识（如自然、环保）、社会现象介绍，侧重细节查找与推理； ・应用文：活动通知、海报、书信、公众号推文，侧重信息定位与实用理解； ・题型趋势：推理判断题、主旨大意题占比略有提升，更注重语篇整体把握与逻辑分析。 阅读理解解题技巧 一、先题后文，带着问题读文章： 先看题干，圈出关键词，带着问题读文章，避免盲目通读浪费时间。 二、分段定位，边读边标记： 读文章时，在题干对应的信息处划线标记，方便后续比对选项。 三、先易后难，跳过难题不纠结： 先做细节题、词义猜测题，再做推理、主旨题，难题可先标记，做完其他题后再回头分析。 四、通读检查，验证答案： 做完后快速通读文章，检查答案是否符合全文逻辑与情感导向，避免因局部信息误解选错。 Passage 1 （25-26九年级下·北京西城·月考） On social media, have you seen book fans share pictures of cool books and nice reading spaces? In real life, have you seen people reading at coffee shops or on public transport? Before you start to wonder whether they are really reading the books, there is already a term for this: “performative reading”. People have joked that these individuals (个人) are making books “a symbol of hotness” or something to be worn with “a good outfit”, said The Week. This attitude goes back to 2021, when a hashtag (标签) community on TikTok called “BookTok” grew into a place where popular books became trendy (潮流的) items. Algorithms (算法) on social media push the trend further, as they mostly reward what looks good, like eye-catching covers and coffee cups in a city cafe, noted NBC News. “Performative reading” also made some people who really love reading feel uncomfortable. Alaina Demopoulos, a daily features writer for the Guardian, shared her story that when she tried to read alone in a crowd to enjoy a lovely evening, two young girls laughed at her, making her feel stressed. On social media, readers spoke out that “there’s no such thing as ‘performative reading’.” Some young people even argue that the so-called “performance” doesn’t take away from the real joy of reading. Selwa Khan, a university graduate who enjoys sharing her reads on social media, feels it’s common to “aestheticize our hobbies”. “I think social media makes everybody perform, whether they accept it or not,” she told NBC News. “I’ve seen for years posts on...all these platforms of titles that are ‘performative’, which always happen to be titles that I really enjoy,” Khan added. Today, as many of us depend heavily on short videos, making it hard to read even a whole book, does it really matter if someone “appears” to be reading? Jafei Pollitt, a regular reader who jokingly responded to this idea online, said that even pretending to read can encourage someone to start reading. It’s a little bit of “fake it until you make it.” You can start off wanting to read for the aesthetics, but eventually you might involve yourself in the book…she told NBC News. 1. According to the passage, what is “performative reading” mainly about? A. Reading books aloud as a performance. B. Reading books carefully in public places. C. Sharing reading notes on social media platforms. D. Treating reading as fashion or a way to be noticed. 2. What does the word “aestheticize” in paragraph 5 most probably mean? A. Make something easier to understand. B. Make something more popular online. C. Make something look beautiful or pleasing. D. Make something more expensive and uncommon. 3. What possible benefit does “performative reading” have, according to Jafei Pollitt? A. It greatly improves reading speed. B. It makes reading appear cool online. C. It may encourage people to choose better books. D. It may turn fake reading into a real love of reading. 4. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage? A. To introduce a new trend of reading. B. To advise people to avoid “performative reading”. C. To compare different reading platforms for readers. D. To explore different opinions on the “performative reading”. Passage 2 （25-26九年级下·北京西城·开学考试） In a new study, researchers have unveiled (揭示) interesting findings that link the consumption (消耗) of refined carbohydrates—such as sugary snacks and highly processed foods—with changes in facial attractiveness. They found that individuals who consumed a high glycemic (血糖的) load breakfast were rated as less attractive than those who consumed a low one. 104 participants were asked to attend the study early in the morning on an empty stomach. Upon arrival, they were assigned to consume one of two types of breakfasts having the same caloric values: one high in refined carbohydrates and the other low. About two hours later, they were photographed under standardized conditions to ensure consistency (一致性)in lighting, background, and positioning. A separate group of raters, who were carefully selected to minimize cultural bias (偏见), assessed the facial photographs, making judgments on overall attractiveness. To evaluate long-term dietary habits, the participants completed detailed dietary questionnaires concerning their consumption during breakfast, afternoon snacks, and between-meal snacks on the day before the study. This information was used to calculate (计算) the glycemic load and energy intake for these meals, providing a comprehensive (全面的) picture of their usual refined carbohydrate consumption. The researchers found that participants who consumed a breakfast rich in refined carbohydrates were less attractive than those who consumed a low-glycemic breakfast. This effect was observed for both male and female participants. The researchers explained that this could be related to the physiological (生理学的) effects of low blood sugar, such as changes in skin blood flow and colour, which happen following the consumption of high-glycemic foods. When examining long-term consumption of refined carbohydrates through glycemic load measures, the researchers found that a higher energy intake at breakfast was associated with increased attractiveness for both men and women, suggesting that foods high in fats and proteins, which do not lead to rapid glycemic responses, might contribute positively to attractiveness. However, the effects of refined carbohydrate consumption on attractiveness varied depending on the specific meal and the gender of the participants. For example, while high energy intake at breakfast increased attractiveness across both genders, the glycemic load of afternoon snacks had opposite effects for men and women. Men with a higher glycemic load during their afternoon snack were considered as more attractive, but for women, a lower glycemic load in this meal was related with increased attractiveness. While the study includes some limitations, the findings serve as a strong reminder of the far-reaching impact of dietary choices. Further research is needed to understand the broader social implications (暗示) of diet, which could provide valuable insights into the complex interplay (相互作用) between diet, biology, and social behaviour. 5. What are Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about? A. The research purpose. B. The research methods. C. The research question. D. The research background. 6. What did the researchers keep the same for both breakfasts in the study? A. The taste of the food. B. The amount of calories. C. The time they were eaten. D. The type of carbohydrates. 7. What can we learn about the research findings? A. Sharp glycemic reactions might reduce attractiveness. B. Low blood sugar could affect attractiveness positively. C. Men were less affected by refined carbohydrate consumption. D. High energy intake at meals had inconsistent effects on women. 8. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To present a dietary fact. B. To show a biological process. C. To explain a food preference. D. To explore a complex connection. Passage 3 （2025九年级上·北京·专题练习） Countries around the world need to deal with the environmental and climate problems caused by rapid industrialization. This is necessary to protect the polar regions, which influence global climate through a number of processes. The Earth’s snow and ice covers are melting at more than twice the average rate because of global warming. As spring snow and summer sea ice cover decrease because of increasing human activity, temperatures increase in the Arctic, icy soils in northern regions store less carbon, and more carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) is released. Global warming is changing the polar regions, because polar animals and plants are more sensitive to temperature rise. First, all the countries should have the same idea on working together to address climate change. Second, there should be an agreement on the fact that all countries’ right to carbon emissions (碳排放) is equal and users should bear the cost of carbon emissions from the products they use. Third, there should be a global agreement saying consumers have the right to know and choose, and digital technologies should be used to control the carbon footprint of users. Fourth, a global agreement is needed to make sure developed and developing countries all shoulder their responsibilities for reducing carbon. Besides, stricter rules should be taken to better protect the fragile polar environment. It is necessary to pay more attention to the former’s environment and the Arctic should be well protected. The influence of human activity on the Arctic’s ecological environment should be reduced, by reducing mining, fishing and tourism as much as possible, limiting pollutant emissions. Especially, fishing should be banned. Countries around the Arctic Ocean must reduce land-based pollution and check the sources of environmental pollution, such as shipping emissions, ocean dumping and air pollution. The international community needs to cooperate more closely and deeply to protect the polar environment and ecology, and international organizations should provide financial and technological support to countries in the polar region to do research and set up a wide monitoring network. The North and South Poles have great research value, playing an important role in many fields including trade, sea channels and natural resources against the climate change. Polar regions, especially the Arctic, offer new development chances as well as risks. The Arctic belongs to the world and it is the international society’s responsibility to make sure of peace and development. In other words, all countries should join hands to protect the polar region’s environment to reduce the effects of climate change. 9. According to the passage, we know ________. A. the environmental and climate problems are being paid attention to by all the countries B. carbon emissions should be done by developed countries C. fishing should be banned around the world D. international organizations should provide financial and technological support to developing countries 10. According to the passage, which is TRUE? A. Global warming only happens in the polar regions. B. Countries around the Arctic Ocean must reduce air pollution. C. The business in the north pole areas doesn’t hurt the environment. D. Developing countries all shoulder their responsibilities for reducing carbon. 11. What can we infer from the passage? A. Countries around the world need to deal with climate problems. B. Human activity should keep away from the north pole areas. C. More and more people have realised that the polar regions are in danger and we are taking action. D. Only the countries around the polar regions should join hands to protect the polar region’s environment to reduce the effects of climate change. 12. The underlined part “fragile” means “________”. A. strong B. effective C. valuable D. weak Passage 4 （25-26九年级下·北京·月考） Have you ever heard of AI companions? In recent years, more concerns on how to decrease the risks of young people having hyper-personalized conversations have been raised in some countries all over the world. An AI companion is an artificial intelligence-powered system designed to simulate (模仿) human interaction. They often appear in the form of chatbots, digital avatars or voice-interactive systems, available through mobile apps or browser-based platforms. They remember previous conversations, adapt their personality traits over time, and provide personalized emotional responses. Globally, the adoption of AI companions is rising across all age groups, but the trend (趋势) is particularly pronounced among youths. Many teenagers use these apps daily, treating their AI companions as best friends. ________ First, unlike human interactions, which are bound by time zones, social boundaries, and emotional capacity, AI companions are accessible 24/7. This gives users an ever-present source of dialogue, reassurance (慰藉), and companionship, particularly during lonely or stressful moments. Second, users can express their fears, desires, or insecurities without the fear of criticism, embarrassment, or misunderstanding. Moreover, users can tailor the personality, tone, and emotional responsiveness of their AI to suit their preferences. So their AI companions can offer an idealized form of companionship that may shift users’ expectations for real-world interactions. While these experiences can offer comfort and support, they also present risks. Over-reliance on AI companions could reduce users’ motivation to build meaningful connections with real people. For teenagers and children, the risks are even more pronounced. Adolescents are more likely to form parasocial (拟社会的) relationships with their AI companions, struggling to tell AI interaction from human interaction. The conversational tone, memory of past exchanges, and emotional responsiveness of AI companions can give the false impression that the AI has consciousness (意识) or personal feelings. This can create confusion and emotional vulnerability (脆弱). Furthermore, some AI companions have been reported to encourage users to become more dependent on the platform, or even provide misleading advice, including medical, emotional, or relationship guidance without proper context or qualification. Therefore, I really want the young people to gain a full understanding of how AI works first, which is the first line of defense. Recognize that AI companions simulate empathy but do not feel emotions. They are programmed to respond in specific ways based on your inputs and data patterns. And I suggest avoiding becoming emotionally dependent on your AI companion, and don’t treat them as replacements for real-world human interaction by defining a time limit for daily usage. Besides, try to learn to question the AI companion’s responses. As far as you know, AI companions are not trained doctors. They can be inaccurate, or even harmful if relied upon for serious life decisions. And many AI companions collect and store user data, which may be shared with third parties or used for marketing. So don’t share private details like passwords, financial information or personal identifiers. The most important thing I think is to regularly assess how your interaction with an AI companion makes you feel. If it causes emotional distress, isolation, or anxiety, consider taking a break or stopping use. Looking ahead, AI companions are likely to become more integrated (融入) into everyday life. Their roles may expand into healthcare, education, and customer service, offering personalized experiences across various sectors. If developed and used ethically, AI companions could significantly enhance emotional well-being. However, they must not replace real human relationships. They should be seen as a supplement, not a substitute (替代), for human connection. Their integration into our lives must be guided by ethical design, clear boundaries, and a commitment to maintaining the richness of human interaction. 13. Which of the following sentences can be filled in the blank? A. How do AI companions suit their users’ preferences? B. This rising trend can be caused by several key factors. C. Some hidden risks in it may affect their real-world interactions. D. What can the teenagers do to interact with their AI companions? 14. Which of the following uses of AI is the author most likely to support? A. Lee sometimes has doubts about her AI companion’s responses. B. Lucy always locks herself in her room, chatting with her AI companion. C. Steve follows his AI companion’s advice to take some headache medicine. D. Bob won’t stop talking with his AI companion although it brings him anxiety. 15. What does the word “ethically” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean? A. In a way that would bring unwanted results if not obeyed. B. In a relaxing environment where people can fully express themselves. C. In a way that is based on principles that people generally consider to be right. D. In a rich cultural environment where young people can create something new. 16. What is the author’s probable purpose in writing this passage? A. To guide the teenagers to explore how to make good use of AI. B. To keep people from sharing private details with their AI companions. C. To advise us how to deal with emotional problems with the help of AI. D. To remind us, especially the young not to over rely on their AI companions. Passage 5 （2025·北京西城·一模） People have the ability to “picture” an object inside their minds’ eye from memory. However, it’s unclear if dogs share this ability to imagine something that’s not there from a sound. When a dog follows its owner’s order, it’s hard to know what’s really going on inside its brain. Do dogs understand and respond (回应) to voice and words accompanying body language, or just the situation? Behavioral studies have offered some findings, but new research shows that dogs really understand the meaning behind words. According to a study published in Current Biology, dogs show a pattern of neural (神经的) activity that seems to show they can differentiate between words for different objects, and are even surprised when presented with words and objects that don’t match up. Magyari, a cognitive neuroscientist, used electroencephalogram (EEG) testing to measure the electrical pulse (脉冲) inside pet dogs’ brains and found an electrical pulse pattern similar to a known signal (信号) in humans. In humans, an effect called the N400 appears on EEG readouts when people meet language or other stimuli (刺激) . It’s a characteristic signal that reaches the highest around 400 milliseconds after a stimulus is presented, and gets larger when objects or images and words don’t match up. The bigger the surprise, the bigger the signal. Magyari’s team chose the pet dogs that could understand at least three object words for the test. After the dogs got used to the lab, they were separated from their owners by an electronic window that could quickly change from transparent (透明的) to non-transparent. The dogs were played recordings of their owners’ voices calling their attention to one of five familiar objects (e. g. ‘Fido, look, apple’), while being shown their owners’ faces through the window. After a period of non-transparent, the window would show the owner holding up one of the objects—either a match to the played words, or a mismatch. Meanwhile, the EEG recorded the electronic pulses going on inside their brains. When there was a mismatch between the voice and the object presented, the dogs’ EEG readouts always showed a highest signal between 200 and 600 milliseconds later—showing that dogs can differentiate between the meanings of some words. The dogs had the largest brain response when the most well-known words were paired with mismatched objects, further supporting the findings. The timing of the dogs’ electrical pulse suggests it could be analogous to the human N400 signal, though follow-up research would be necessary to test this idea. It’s possible that the brain wave recorded in the study is something special, because human and dog brains are so different. Now scientists are eager to study this mismatch effect. It’s pretty exciting to see that there might be some more progressive ideas. 17. Why did Magyari and her team do the research? A. To compare the understanding ability of dogs and humans. B. To explain why dogs can understand the meaning behind words. C. To study whether dogs understand words the way humans do. D. To test the effectiveness of EEG in studying animal behavior. 18. Which picture can show how Magyari’s team made the test? A. B. C. D. 19. What do the words “be analogous to” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A. Have influences on. B. Give responses to. C. Provide explanations for. D. Share similarities with. 20. What can we learn from the passage? A. The dog’s EEG readout is larger when the mismatch effect takes place. B. The chosen dogs had to learn at least three object words for the test. C. The dogs’ brain waves show how they communicate with their owners. D. Magyari’s research showed why dogs could understand their owners’ words. Passage 6 （2025·北京东城·一模） Cindy, an office worker, has fought against procrastination (拖延) for years. She expects that one day she’ll wake up different, ready to deal with her to-do list effectively. But change doesn’t come overnight. Instead, Cindy notices small changes in her habits—choosing to complete a task right away rather than putting it off, setting short-term goals like finishing a report by the end of the week, and celebrating small achievements like meeting a deadline. These seemingly unimportant steps lead to a far-reaching change in her productivity and mindset over time. Like Cindy’s journey, real change is a slow and often unnoticeable process (过程). We live in a world that values quick fixes and immediate results, but actual growth happens little by little. Change is like a path with ups and downs and twists and turns. The key lies in the willingness to respond (回应) differently to each situation, make adjustments (调整), and learn from our mistakes. If you try to change something at once, probably the change doesn’t last very long. Instead, working on one habit at a time provides a more sustainable method. It helps to avoid burnout and ensures that each positive change has time to take root and grow stronger, leading to meaningful change. Purposefulness is important in the process of change. Setting clear, realistic goals connected with personal values can provide a powerful sense of direction and drive. For example, if you want to improve your communication skills, you might start by practicing active listening during conversations. At the beginning, the changes may be small—a bit more patience here, a better choice of words there—but these purposeful acts gradually build stronger, more effective communication habits. It’s also necessary to recognize and celebrate small victories. Each step forward, no matter how small, is proof to your promise and effort. No journey of change is without its missteps. Mistakes are an unavoidable part of the process and should be viewed as chances for growth rather than failures. For example, if someone learning to manage stress gives in to anxiety in a high-pressure situation, it uncovers areas needing further development. Embracing (拥抱) mistakes and learning from them can help you continually make progress. Next time you feel discouraged by the speed of change, remember Cindy’s story and find comfort in the continuous progress of your own journey. Change is an ongoing process that is never finished but can be celebrated along the way. 21. Why does the writer use Cindy’s story in Paragraph 1? A. To show the actual way change happens. B. To explain the difficulty in changing habits. C. To prove the commonness of procrastination. D. To give suggestions on improving productivity. 22. What does the word “sustainable” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Challenging. B. Popular. C. Special. D. Lasting. 23. Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A. Quick fixes are more valuable than long-term changes. B. Effective changes result from nonstop purposeful efforts. C. Celebrating small victories prevents us from making progress. D. Avoiding mistakes can help us improve ourselves more quickly. 24. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Setting Realistic Goals for Continuous Change B. Embracing the Slow Journey of Real Change C. Change: How Can We Control the Process? D. Change: How Does It Benefit Our Growth? Passage 7 （25-26九年级下·北京·月考） Do we use technology, or does it use us? Do our gadgets (设备) improve our lives or just make us weak and lazy? These are old questions, maybe older than you think. Back in 370 BC, Socrates warned that writing could hurt memory. After all, if we write things down, do we still need to remember them? We’ve always greeted new technologies with a mixture of fascination and fear. In 1931, John Bakeless wrote that it was time to ask, “How far is the use of machines something calling for vigorous resistance; and how far is it a good thing, to which we may willingly give in?” The technology that alarmed him might seem, to us, laughably low-tech: printing machines. “It is a curious fact,” he wrote, “we have overlooked the machine’s deep influence on the human mind.” He was particularly worried about how technology was used by the media to control what people thought and talked about. For the first time, he believed, a world-wide public opinion was becoming possible. About 50 years later, as telephone answering machines became common, some people worried that machines, while useful, were encouraging self-centered thoughts and actions, resulting in social isolation (隔绝). In 2017, musician and thinker David Byrne said that social media allowed us to stay “connected” without meeting face-to-face. But he also stressed it would increase divisions by strengthening echo effects — people only hear ideas they already believe. Just last year, Will Douglas warned that AI tools would destroy children’s critical thinking skills. But maybe it’s time we pause and ask: do our fears about new technologies come to pass? Most of the time, no. Throughout history, we’ve shifted between “Wow, this is amazing!” and “It’s scary — this is going to change us in some negative way.” And then, something interesting happens — we get used to it and life goes on. Maybe the problem isn’t technology at all; maybe it’s us. Technology doesn’t make us weak, lazy or foolish. It’s our fear of it that holds us back. The printing press, the telephone, and the Internet all seemed scary at first. Now, they’re just part of everyday life. If we are to ever create the ideal human society — one with enough time for art, music and science — it was unlikely we’d get it done without technology. We just need to make sure that technology serves us instead of the other way around. Just as Bakeless wrote back in 1931, “We must put the machine in its place.” 25. The underlined words “vigorous resistance” in Paragraph 2 are closest in meaning to ________. A. active attention B. strong opposition C. careful planning D. rapid spread 26. What was Bakeless’s opinion on the printing machines? A. They would cause a world-wide discussion. B. They were important tools for the news industry. C. They might help the media control people’s minds. D. They encouraged self-centered thoughts and actions. 27. Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A. Socrates was right in warning about the effect of writing. B. Social media is sure to influence people in negative ways. C. AI tools have improved children’s critical thinking ability. D. Worries about new technologies are actually unnecessary. 28. What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To argue that technology is harmful to humans by nature. B. To remind people not to fear technology but to use it wisely. C. To teach us to create an ideal society with modern machines. D. To show the role of technology in the development of society. Passage 8 （25-26九年级上·北京西城·期末） Have you ever followed the suggestions of a digital writing assistant (助手) to replace a word or restructure a sentence without knowing how, why or even whether it made your writing better? Before the age of digital tools, our parents and grandparents turned to dictionaries for the same assistance. They picked up a heavy book, looked up what words meant and how they were used, and then carefully chose the language to express their ideas. In today’s world of spell-check, auto-correct and artificial intelligence (AI), each of which can help make those choices for us, why should we keep producing and using heavy physical dictionaries? Dictionaries help us write with originality (原创性) and a point of view. AI assistants manufacture (批量生产) statements so writers don’t have to think them up, while dictionaries provide us with knowledge to use language ourselves in expressive ways. They place choice right in human hands, forcing us to discover how we want to explain ourselves and our ideas to the world. Dictionaries aren’t just lists of words and meanings; they’ re also instructions for how best to use those words. For centuries, English dictionaries have shown the language of certain populations. At the same time, by systematizing the meanings, uses and connotations (内涵) of words, those same dictionaries have shaped language. Today, the numerous kinds of digital writing assistants require us to reconsider the role of dictionaries. In 1946, George Orwell, a famous British writer and journalist, described good writing as “picking out words because of their meaning”, a practice that dictionaries catalyze while digital writing assistants hold back. The assistants build your sentences and even think your thoughts for you, so writers who are guided by an app have their choices made for them. But writers who use a dictionary make a choice. It’s a fight between robotic consistency (一致性) and human creativity. Digital writing assistants say their users can rewrite full passages with a click and keep the writing style consistent, while dictionaries provide imperfect writers with a guide to English’s possibilities, so they will get the chance to think critically (批判地) about what and how to write. Our ability to express ourselves is important— it helps us explain our culture and our being. Dictionaries aid us in achieving this: They record our ways of thinking through language. As digital writing becomes more common in our lives, we need dictionaries more than ever, not to write quickly and correctly, but to build relationships with the words we use. Giving up on dictionaries would hurt our ability to express ourselves. Without a reason for self-expression and lifelong learning, we have to ask ourselves: Why write at all? 29. What can we learn about physical dictionaries? A. They make choices for writers. B. They inspire expressive wording. C. They focus on explaining meanings. D. They create more productive writers. 30. What does the word “catalyze” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A. Shape. B. Follow. C. Encourage. D. Slow. 31. Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A. AI assistants have a negative influence on people’s writing consistency. B. AI assistants improve people’s critical thinking skills through writing. C. Dictionaries change people’s ways of thinking by recording language. D. Dictionaries help keep people from losing their creativity in writing. 32. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. Write Quickly or Express Correctly B. Dictionaries Matter in the Digital Age C. From Human Choice to Digital Voice D. Dictionaries Work with Digital Assistants Passage 9 （2025·北京西城·二模） An interesting finding has been discovered from psychological research: Introverts may manage the challenges of aging better. While extroverts have long been celebrated for their social butterfly abilities, it turns out that the introvert’s natural inclinations (倾向) may serve as a built-in buffer against some of aging’s most common challenges. The very qualities of introverts—preference for quieter environments, comfort with being alone, and deeper but fewer social connections—appear to match well with the natural development of the social world as they grow older. The key lies in what is known as “positive disengagement”. Laura Carstensen. the founding director of Stanford’s Center of Longevity, suggests that as people grow older, they naturally become more selective (有选择的) about their social interactions. preferring quality over quantity (数量). The change that extroverts may feel uncomfortable with often comes more naturally to introverts. Another interesting work by Helene Fung at the Chinese University of Hong Kong found that introverts experience less worry about the social changes accompanying aging. While extroverts may have trouble with the decreased energy for socializing. introverts often find that such changes match with pre-existing (已存在的) preferences. Robert McCrae’s research at the National Institute on Aging supports this “introvert advantage”. His team’s findings show that introverts may deal with the big questions of aging better because they naturally think deeply about life. While extroverts might look for outside activities that can pull their attention away from aging-related worries, introverts’ natural inclinations to turn inward often result in better adjustment (调整) and acceptance of life’s changes. The most convincing research comes from Klaus Rothermund, who studies how people manage emotions as they age. His work shows that introverts often develop better coping skills earlier in life. Such skills as the ability to think deeply about themselves and the ability to form one-on-one connections become increasingly valuable as they grow older. It’s as if introverts have been unknowingly practicing for their elder years all along. The meanings of the findings go beyond just research interest. Understanding how different personality types deal with change becomes increasingly important as people age. For extroverts reading this, don’t feel disappointed—awareness is half the job done, and many coping skills that come naturally to introverts can be learned and trained. And for introverts? You might want to add this to your list of quiet victories. Your personality may have prepared you for a more beautiful journey into your later years. Sometimes, it seems that the tortoise doesn’t just win the race. It may also enjoy the journey more. 33. What does the word “buffer” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A. Weakness. B. Warning. C. Monitor. D. Protector. 34. Which behavior probably matches Carstensen’s findings? A. Refusing to choose friends according to personality. B. Spending less time alone to make time for social activities. C. Staying away from relationships that are not worthwhile. D. Joining in group discussions instead of thinking independently. 35. What can we learn about introverts and extroverts as they age? A. Introverts need to find ways to stop worrying about their age. B. Extroverts can learn from introverts about ways to slow aging down. C. Extroverts have the ability to deal with personal problems earlier in life. D. Introverts’ qualities better suit the natural changes of the social world. 36. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Introverts: A More Popular Personality B. Introverts: Practice to Fight Against Aging C. Introverts: Feel Better When Getting Older D. Introverts: Social Advantages Over Extroverts Passage 10 （25-26九年级上·北京海淀·期末） “You always mess things up.” “What a stupid thing to do!” Have you ever said these things to yourself? The inner critic (批评者) is that voice inside your head saying you are not good enough—it constantly judges you. Inner critics develop for various reasons. The most commonly discussed one is that this voice of self-doubt comes from things we heard as kids. If parents often put themselves or their children down, those hurtful words can stick. For example, if a mom talks about her weight a lot, her daughter might start to think the same way about her own body. Similarly, if a parent criticizes the child’s grades, that child might end up giving himself up on schoolwork. Beneath the inner critic lies vulnerability (脆弱). Deep down, our critics are hurt and afraid, and develop as a maladaptive form of self-protection. Imagine coming home excited about winning a drawing contest, only to be laughed at by your older brother. The next time you achieve something, you might be unwilling to share it—or worse, not even recognize your success. This might seem smart, but it makes things harder for you in the long run. The inner critic makes quite the effort to protect us from painful experiences. It keeps us small, shy, and always on the hunt for ways to prevent shame and failure. As a wounded part in need of care, the inner critic longs to be heard and befriended. To heal (愈合) the wound, it’s important to first identify the inner critic. When you hear a voice in your head suggesting you shouldn’t try because you’ll only fail, recognize it and say:“Oh, my critic is here!” Indeed, it is part of us and isn’t going away, but doing this can create some space between you and the critic. Once you realize its presence, you can meet the inner critic with curiosity and compassion (同情), so you can recover from the hurt behind negative self-talk. Parenting experts suggest getting down on the child’s level when providing support. This works for the inner critic too. Instead of towering over it, try meeting it where it’s at. You might say, “It’s okay to feel scared sometimes. What’s causing this feeling?” or “We all make mistakes. Would you call a friend stupid for doing that?” Only by befriending your inner critic can you start to heal from the pain and fear behind its voice. It takes time and patience, but it’s worth it. Give it a try—for your own well-being. 37. Why does the writer use the examples in Paragraph 2? A. To stress the harmful effect of self-doubt. B. To describe the common problems kids face. C. To compare how different parents treat their kids. D. To explain how inner critics develop from childhood. 38. The words “a maladaptive form of self-protection” in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to “________”. A. an unhealthy way to stay safe B. a helpful tool to improve yourself C. an ineffective try to keep calm D. a smart method to deal with failure 39. Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A. The inner critic usually keeps people from feeling scared. B. The inner critic actually looks for understanding and support. C. Negative self-talk helps one create space to avoid mistakes. D. Negative self-talk can successfully push people to work harder. 40. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To advise us to silence our inner critics. B. To warn about the negative side of inner critics. C. To guide us to treat inner critics like our dear friends. D. To show advantages of making peace with inner critics. Passage 11 （2025·北京海淀·一模） Children have an unbelievably curious mind. They explore new things for no other reason except that they just desire (渴望) to know. But as kids grow, they often fall into fixed thinking patterns. George Land, a researcher from NASA, studied 1, 600 children, testing their creative potential and curiosity levels at age 5, 10, and 15. The first time these kids took the test, 98% scored the highest possible score. Five years later, only 30% of them scored well. For the third time—by then in high school—only 12% of the kids did well. This dramatic decrease in curiosity could be caused by their increase in knowledge, according to George Land. Once they feel like there’s no gap (缺口) between what they know and what they want to know, they just stop acting curious. Curiosity, it seems, gets unlearned as people age. But why should we care? Research shows that allowing our curiosity to be piqued can be very good for our mind. For example, when presented with an interesting puzzle that doesn’t have a clear answer, your brain is highly activated—it gets ready for learning and becomes more creative in handling related tasks. Lit by curiosity, the mind sharpens its focus and gains a fresh perspective (角度) . In education, curiosity serves as a stepping stone to academic (学术的) success. For one thing, it boosts memory. A study in Neuron finds that when participants are highly curious about a fact, they are 30% more likely to remember it. Curiosity also builds patience. A study from Duke University shows that curious people are more willing to wait for the solution to a puzzle, while less curious people always rush through tasks, missing opportunities for deeper learning. The benefits of curiosity do not end here. Greater curiosity can make people more open to hearing others’ opinions, even if they differ from their own. This openness is key to productive disagreements and helps avoid problems like groupthink, where poor decision-making happens because people don’t consider different viewpoints. Ready to do more to develop your curiosity? The good news is that low levels of curiosity don't mean your curiosity is just gone. In fact, you can actively train your curiosity. One effective way is to ask yourself questions and write them down and find the answers later. This simple step of finding gaps in your knowledge naturally inspires more curiosity. We all start out curious. It’s our choice to be curious or not. As physicist Richard Feynman wisely said, “Nearly everything is really interesting if you go into it deeply enough.” And with the proven benefits, you may be surprised where curiosity leads you. 41. According to the passage, some people stop being curious because ________. A. they develop a more open mindset as they age B. they try to focus on their work rather than the mind C. their knowledge increase weakens their desire to know D. their study interest drops after getting poor scores at school 42. The word “piqued” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A. tested B. raised C. explained D. received 43. Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A. Less curious people often suffer more from memory loss. B. High curiosity pushes people to look for quick solutions. C. Curiosity allows healthy disagreement within a group. D. Curiosity can be improved by remembering knowledge. 44. What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To prove the possibility of training curiosity. B. To encourage people to restore their curiosity. C. To show how curiosity leads to academic success. D. To explore different reasons for developing curiosity. 2 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $