阅读理解七选五-三年高考英语真题一遍过

阅读理解七选五（原卷版） 2023年 Passage 1 【2023新课标I卷】 Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 16 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 17 Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 18 You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 19 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 20 We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. Passage 2 【2023新课标II卷】 As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey. ▪Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. 16 You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. ▪Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. 17 ▪Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 18 Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. ▪ 19 Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. 20 Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. A. Get out of your comfort zone. B. Make career plans and set goals. C. Don’t throw away your beginner art. D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role. G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. Passage 3 （2023年浙江卷1月） With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible. Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly. 36 But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. 37 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals. Bring a blanket. When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one. 38 In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold. Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster. 39 Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. Have fun. 40 Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside the window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel one mile, you’re going 67.92 mph. A．Train trips aren’t for impatient types. B．You’ll have views from both sides of the train. C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control. D．That’s particularly true during busy summer months. E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one. F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom. G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner. Passage 4 【2023全国甲卷】 Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There’s one answer. 36 . In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks. ●Practice gratitude (感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 37 . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. ● Make yourself wait Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 38 . Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. ● 39 . So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “ 40 .” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A. Find your causes B. Start with small tasks C. Accept the uncomfortable D. All this adds up to a state of hurry E. It can also help us practice more patience F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience Passage 5 【2023全国乙卷】 Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 36 , but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. What are indoor plants? Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. 37 . Why are indoor plants good for you? Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “ 38 . I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 39 . Which plants can you grow? Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “ 40 ,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.” A. All plants are different B. Not only do they look beautiful C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 2024年 Passage 1 【2024新课标I卷】 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 36 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. 37 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 38 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it’s not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 39 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work,” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”. 40 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A. I don’t often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don’t want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information. Passage 2 【2024新课标II卷】 阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___36___ Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. ___37___ ●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___38___ Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights? ● ___39___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. ___40___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there. A. Visit during off-peak times. B. So, should we stop traveling? C. Travel for you and no one else. D. Can overtourism be avoided then? E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. Passage 3 【2024浙江1月卷】 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. 36 But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you? 37 We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. 38 “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going. The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses. 39 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards. 40 A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. B. Your motivation should be your main concern. C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education? D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. Passage 4 （2024年全国甲卷） What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. ____16____ But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. ____17____ It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. ____18____ Control emotional (情绪的) eating. ____19____ Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings. ____20____ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight. A Eat properly throughout the day. B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. 2025年 Passage 1 【2025全国一卷】 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 An Unsung Hero Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that, and more. 36 Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. 37 As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. 38 “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve. One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. 39 “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said. “I enjoy working in the cafe” Murphy said. 40 She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves. A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B. She has two children aged eight and four. C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. Passage 2 【2025全国二卷】 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? 36 You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family. ●You’ll feel like you have more time. People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 37 ●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. 38 Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives. ● 39 Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come. ●You’ll have more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. 40 Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work. A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression. B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice. E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before. G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. Passage3 【2025浙江1月卷】 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to do too much. 36 There’s no value in delivering any kind of communication, whether written, spoken, formal, or informal, if the message doesn’t come across clearly. Being clear and brief – while maintaining interest and including everything your listeners need to know – is a high-level communication skill. Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate more effectively. ●Keep your audience in mind. Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests. 37 This will engage their desire to understand and interact with the information. ●Don’t use ten words when one will do. Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. 38 However, they’re hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple. ● 39 If you’ve ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it. Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others. Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills. ●Consider the best method to deliver your message. If the information you’re communicating isn’t urgent, consider sending an email. Written communication will give your audience more time to review it, think it over, and follow up with questions. 40 Building effective communication skills takes time, but the effects are worth the effort. A. Be patient. B. Get the audience involved. C. The best messages are often simple. D. Speak directly to what matters to them. E. You may be surprised by what your listeners offer. F. It will also give them a handy record to refer back to. G. As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say. 34 / 47 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 阅读理解七选五（解析版） 2023年 Passage 1 【2023新课标I卷】 Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 16 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 17 Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 18 You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 19 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 20 We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 一、文章体裁 说明文（方法指导类）。 围绕自我宽恕这一主题展开，通过具体写作练习指导读者学会原谅自己、正视错误，属于心理健康教育类实用说明文。 二、文章大意 本文主要介绍了自我宽恕的重要性，并给出了具体的写作练习方法帮助读者实现自我宽恕：列出个人优点、记录为他人做的善举，还可邀请亲友一同参与；同时指出错误并非个人特质的固定部分，人会在犯错中不断成长进步，犯错后不必过度自责。 三、篇章结构 全文采用总分结构，逻辑连贯： 第一段：提出主题 点明承担责任的同时要学会自我宽恕，并引出写作练习方法。 第二段：具体方法一 指导读者在纸上列出自己欣赏的个人优点。 第三段：具体方法二 指导读者记录自己为他人做过的所有善意举动。 第四段：拓展练习方式 建议邀请亲友一同参与练习，随时增强自信心。 第五段：升华主题 强调人从错误中成长，错误并非个人固有特质。 四、考查题型 16 题：细节过渡题（上下文语义衔接） 17 题：细节理解题（段落内容承接） 18 题：细节总结题（段落内容收尾） 19 题：逻辑衔接题（上下文顺承关系） 20 题：主旨升华题（段落核心观点） 五、题目详解 【答案】16. D17. B18. F19. C20. G 【解析】 16.根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。 17.根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。 18.根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来。)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。 19.根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。 20.根据空前内容“It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的。)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面。)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。 Passage 2 【2023新课标II卷】 As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey. ▪Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. 16 You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. ▪Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. 17 ▪Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 18 Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. ▪ 19 Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. 20 Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. A. Get out of your comfort zone. B. Make career plans and set goals. C. Don’t throw away your beginner art. D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role. G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. 一、文章体裁 说明文（经验建议类）。 以艺术家的亲身经历为视角，向艺术初学者分享开启艺术之路的实用技巧，属于励志指导类说明文。 二、文章大意 一位在社交媒体分享创作历程的艺术家，针对初学者如何开启艺术之路给出四条核心建议：从小幅作品开始练习并保留初期作品；坚持高频写生，在重复练习中提升技法；不断跳出舒适区挑战新尝试；适度分享作品并接纳有益反馈。同时指出艺术之路并非一帆风顺，需坚持努力才能收获艺术人生的回报。 三、篇章结构 全文采用总分总结构，条理清晰： 第一段：引出话题 以艺术家自身经历切入，提出将分享艺术入门的实用技巧。 第二至五段：分述建议 依次介绍从小起步、高频写生、勇于挑战、接纳反馈四条核心方法。 第六段：总结升华 说明艺术之路充满坎坷，坚持付出终会有所收获。 四、考查题型 16 题：细节衔接题（上下文语义顺承） 17 题：细节总结题（段落观点收尾） 18 题：细节支撑题（观点句拓展说明） 19 题：段落主旨题（段落核心内容概括） 20 题：逻辑过渡题（上下文语境衔接） 五、题目详解 【答案】16. C17. G18. A19. D20. E 【解析】 16.根据前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后文“You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. (你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Don’t throw away your beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。 17.分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据前文“Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. (经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以G项“You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. (你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。 18.分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new. (不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get out of your comfort zone. (走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。 19.分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. (如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。 20.分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。 Passage 3 （2023年浙江卷1月） With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible. Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly. 36 But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. 37 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals. Bring a blanket. When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one. 38 In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold. Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster. 39 Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. Have fun. 40 Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside the window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel one mile, you’re going 67.92 mph. A．Train trips aren’t for impatient types. B．You’ll have views from both sides of the train. C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control. D．That’s particularly true during busy summer months. E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one. F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom. G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner. 一、文章体裁 说明文（旅行建议类）。 围绕火车出行这一主题，针对国内火车旅行给出实用准备与体验建议，属于生活实用类说明文。 二、文章大意 本文在油价上涨、机场安检繁琐的背景下，推荐选择火车出行，并给出五条提升旅途体验的建议：提前预订车票，旺季尤其要尽早规划；委托旅行社帮忙订票，可争取折扣并优选餐车附近卧铺；自带毛毯应对车厢温控不稳；提前到站避免误车，错过车次可能需久等下一班；放松心态享受旅途，可通过阅读、观景等方式打发时间。 三、篇章结构 全文采用总分结构，层次分明： 第一段：引出话题 对比其他交通方式，推荐火车旅行并给出出行建议。 第二段：建议一提前规划 说明长途车票紧俏，需至少提前 90 天预订。 第三段：建议二委托代理 介绍旅行社可帮忙优惠购票、优选车厢位置。 第四段：建议三自带毛毯 指出火车不免费提供毛毯，车厢温度偏低需自备。 第五段：建议四提早到站 说明车次少，误车后果严重，需留意发车时间。 第六段：建议五享受旅途 建议放松心态，通过多种方式感受火车旅行乐趣。 四、考查题型 36 题：细节衔接题（语境补充说明） 37 题：逻辑顺承题（上下文行为承接） 38 题：原因解释题（前文观点支撑） 39 题：后果说明题（前文情况拓展） 40 题：段落主旨题（段落核心态度概括 五、题目详解 【答案】36．D 37．G 38．C 39．E 40．A 36．根据上文“Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.(提前计划。大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺，很快就卖光了。)”以及下文“But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. (但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至少提前90天预订。)”可知，大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被定完，所以要提前安排预定，D项“在繁忙的夏季尤其如此。”符合语境，D项中“busy summer months”与前后文呼应，说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前计划。故选D项。 37．根据上文“A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. (一个好的旅行社有时可以帮你找到打折的票。)”以及下文“Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals. (这样你就不必为了吃饭而每天三次在行驶的火车上穿过几节车厢了。)”可知，好的旅行社帮你预定，不仅可以找到打折的票，还可以节省从卧铺到餐车的距离，G项中“book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner”与前后文对应，因此推断G项“他可能还会给你预订餐厅旁边的卧铺车厢。”符合语境。故选G项。 38．根据上文“When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one.(当你乘坐火车时，你不会免费获得一条毯子，即使你的旅行是过夜的。)”以及下文“In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold. (特别是在夏天，空调会让他们很冷。)”可知，这里提到了车厢内温度的问题，提醒乘客最好自备毛毯，C项中“The temperature on rail cars”与前后文对应，因此推断C项“列车上的温度通常很难控制。”符合语境。故选C项。 39．根据上文“Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster.(大多数火车每天只开一趟，有些火车一周只开三趟，所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。)”以及下文“Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. (注意:时刻表上列出的时间是出发时间，不是到达时间。)”可知，本段提醒要提前安排时间，错过时间是很麻烦的事情，E项中“You might have to wait longer”与前后文对应，说明错过火车导致的结果，因此推断E项“你可能要等上超过24小时才能赶上下一班。”符合语境。故选E项。 40．根据上文“Have fun.(玩得开心)”以及下文“To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts).”(要计算你的速度，用3600(一小时的秒数)除以你走一英里(两个里程碑之间的距离)所花费的秒数。)”可知，本段讲述如何度过乘车时间，A项中讲到火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人与后文要计算时间，用不同的方式打发时间对应，符合语境。故选A项。 Passage 4 【2023全国甲卷】 Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There’s one answer. 36 . In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks. ●Practice gratitude (感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 37 . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. ● Make yourself wait Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 38 . Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. ● 39 . So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “ 40 .” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A. Find your causes B. Start with small tasks C. Accept the uncomfortable D. All this adds up to a state of hurry E. It can also help us practice more patience F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience 一、文章体裁 说明文（方法指导类）。 围绕 “如何变得更有耐心” 展开，介绍培养耐心的实用技巧，属于心理健康与习惯养成类说明文。 二、文章大意 本文指出交通拥堵、排队等候等场景都需要人们具备耐心，而当下数字时代人们习惯即时满足，缺乏耐心。文章据此给出三条培养耐心的技巧：练习感恩，感恩有助于提升自控力与耐心；主动让自己等待，从小事做起养成等待习惯；学会接纳不适，明白不舒服并非无法忍受，以此逐步培养耐心。 三、篇章结构 全文采用总分结构，逻辑清晰： 第一段：引出话题 以谜语形式点出拥堵、排队等场景均需要耐心。 第二段：提出中心 指出数字时代人们缺乏耐心，培养耐心有益身心，并引出具体技巧。 第三至五段：分述技巧 依次介绍练习感恩、主动练习等待、接纳不适三种培养耐心的方法。 四、考查题型 36 题：细节回答题（谜语答案匹配） 37 题：细节补充题（上文益处拓展） 38 题：细节衔接题（下文小事举例总起） 39 题：段落主旨题（段落核心观点概括） 40 题：语句填空题（自我心理暗示语句） 五、题目详解 【答案】36. G 37. E 38. B 39. C 40. F 【解析】 36.根据上文“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There’s one answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。 37.根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文““Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. (加州大学的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。 38.根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习)”以及后文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. (把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。 39.根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. (我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。 40.根据上文“You should learn to say to yourself (你应该学会对自己说……)”以及后文“You’ll then gradually become more patient. (然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选 Passage 5 【2023全国乙卷】 Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 36 , but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. What are indoor plants? Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. 37 . Why are indoor plants good for you? Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “ 38 . I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 39 . Which plants can you grow? Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “ 40 ,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.” A. All plants are different B. Not only do they look beautiful C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 一、文章体裁 说明文（科普介绍类）。 围绕室内植物展开，介绍其定义、益处、适宜品种及养护乐趣，属于生活科普类说明文。 二、文章大意 本文介绍室内植物看似安静，实则是家中的 “无名英雄”，不仅美观，还能改善情绪、缓解压力、提升记忆力、净化空气；同时说明室内植物更适宜温暖的室内环境，并推荐了芦荟、吊兰等易养品种，指出了解植物生长需求、陪伴其成长能收获乐趣，拉近人与自然的距离。 三、篇章结构 全文采用总分结构，条理清晰： 第一段：引出话题 点明室内植物外观安静却益处颇多，兼具实用与观赏价值。 第二段：概念介绍 解释室内植物的定义，说明其更适合室内温暖环境生长。 第三段：益处说明 从改善情绪、提升专注力、净化空气等方面介绍室内植物的好处。 第四段：品种推荐 介绍易养护的室内植物品种，并讲述养护植物带来的乐趣与意义。 四、考查题型 36 题：逻辑衔接题（上下文转折关系） 37 题：语义对比题（与室外环境形成对照） 38 题：观点引用题（专家观点语句填充） 39 题：细节补充题（净化空气作用的举例拓展） 40 题：主旨总结题（养护植物的意义概括） 五、题目详解 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. C 39. E 40. G 36.根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。 37.根据上文“Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer(相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。 38.根据下文“I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.(我发现在冬天的几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。 39.根据上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，符合语境。故选E。 40.根据上文“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature-which is part of the joy of owning plants.(年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。 2024年 Passage 1 【2024新课标I卷】 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 36 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. 37 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 38 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it’s not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 39 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work,” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”. 40 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A. I don’t often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don’t want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information. 一、文章体裁 说明文（个人经验 + 工具介绍类）。 以写作者的亲身使用经验，围绕词典在写作中的重要性展开说明，属于实用工具介绍类说明文。 二、文章大意 本文强调：想要作品出版，稿件必须语法规范、无拼写错误。作者分享自己常备纸质词典与同义词典，不信任电脑拼写检查；词典不仅用于纠错拼写，还能提供精准释义与发音；作者另有一本大部头《简编牛津词典》，不常使用但适合查阅词源与用法；最后指出，尽管编纂词典很枯燥，但翻阅词典本身也是一种有益的乐趣。 三、篇章结构 全文按 “重要性→个人习惯→词典功能→特殊词典→词典阅读价值” 逐层展开： 第一段：提出要求 强调投稿必须规范，无拼写错误是基本要求。 第二段：工具选择 说明作者偏爱纸质词典，不信赖电脑拼写检查。 第三段：词典作用 指出词典除查拼写外，还可辨词义、看发音。 第四段：补充词典 介绍一本厚重词典，说明其适用场景。 第五段：价值升华 引用名言转折，说明读词典也能收获乐趣。 四、考查题型 36 题：细节阐释题（对 “完美稿件” 的具体解释） 37 题：原因说明题（解释不信任拼写检查的理由） 38 题：段落主旨题（概括本段词典的多重功能） 39 题：语义转折题（与后文 “但很有用” 形成对比） 40 题：逻辑衔接题（与前文 “dull” 构成转折） 五、题目详解 【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E 39. A 40. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。 36.上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。 37.上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes no account of the context.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。 38.下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。 39.下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。 40.上文“ “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。 Passage 2 【2024新课标II卷】 阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___36___ Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. ___37___ ●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___38___ Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights? ● ___39___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. ___40___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there. A. Visit during off-peak times. B. So, should we stop traveling? C. Travel for you and no one else. D. Can overtourism be avoided then? E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. 一、文章体裁 说明文（社会问题 + 建议类）。 围绕过度旅游这一社会现象展开，分析问题并给出负责任旅行的实用建议，属于社会热点与旅行指导类说明文。 二、文章大意 本文指出旅行虽有诸多益处，但部分地区出现过度旅游问题；文章明确反对完全放弃旅行，而是给出四条理性旅行建议：理性选择目的地、不盲目跟风；创新选择小众景点，避开热门拥挤地；错峰出行以降低对当地的影响；回馈当地社区，更好地融入当地。旨在引导游客减少对目的地的压力，保护当地特色，获得更真实的旅行体验。 三、篇章结构 全文采用 “提出问题 — 给出态度 — 分述建议 — 总结呼吁” 的结构： 第一段：引出话题 点明旅行的好处与过度旅游问题，提出不应停止旅行，而应文明理性旅行。 第二段：建议一 理性选择目的地，遵从内心而非跟风打卡。 第三段：建议二 开拓思路，选择小众景点缓解热门地压力。 第四段：建议三 选择淡季出行，减少影响并提升体验。 第五段：总结升华 呼吁保护目的地特色，回馈当地社区，拉近与当地人的距离。 四、考查题型 36 题：逻辑设问题（上下文过渡反问） 37 题：细节总结题（对理性选择的进一步阐释） 38 题：语义衔接题（承接小众景点的特点） 39 题：段落主旨题（概括错峰出行的核心建议） 40 题：细节承接题（呼应保护目的地、回馈当地的观点） 五、题目详解 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. E 39. A 40. G 【解析】 36.前文“Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.(旅游促进理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，结合后文“Certainly not.(当然不)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，D选项“那么，我们应该停止旅行吗？”符合语境。故选B。 37.前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议，符合语境。故选C。 38.前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的选择)及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?( 为什么不尝试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢)”提出建议，可以选择一些冷门的景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”语境一致。故选E。 39.空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。 40.前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.(尽你的一份力，从一开始就保护一个目的地的特别之处)”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点，后文“You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.(你可能会惊讶地发现你和那里的人感觉如此亲近)”表示这样做的感受，G选项“考虑回馈你所访问的社区”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。 Passage 3 【2024浙江1月卷】 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. 36 But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you? 37 We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. 38 “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going. The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses. 39 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards. 40 A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. B. Your motivation should be your main concern. C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education? D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. 一、文章体裁 说明文（教育现象 + 建议类）。 围绕在线学习这一高校常见学习方式展开，分析其利弊并给出学习建议，属于教育指导类说明文。 二、文章大意 本文指出在线学习已成为大学学习的重要部分，并非所有在线课程都一样，学习者需判断是否适合自己；文章结合学生与教授的建议，说明在线学习灵活但易拖延，需自律并合理规划时间；同时指出在线学习缺乏人际互动的问题，并给出结伴学习、组建学习小组等解决办法，帮助学习者取得更好成绩。 三、篇章结构 全文围绕 “在线学习” 层层递进展开： 第一段：引入话题 点明在线学习的普及性，提出如何选择与高效学习的问题。 第二段：利弊分析 介绍在线学习灵活便捷的优势，同时指出易拖延、需自律的问题。 第三段：学习建议 强调要像线下课一样规划时间，引用教授观点说明拖延对成绩的影响。 第四段：问题解决 指出在线学习缺乏互动的短板，并给出结伴、组小组等应对方法。 四、考查题型 36 题：细节支撑题（用数据说明在线学习的普及程度） 37 题：逻辑过渡题（承接上文问题，引出具体应对方向） 38 题：语义转折题（与前文灵活性形成对比，强调时间要求） 39 题：细节衔接题（引出教授的教学经历与观点） 40 题：段落主旨题（概括本段在线学习的主要缺陷） 五、题目详解 【答案】36. G37. F38. A39. D40. E 【解析】 36.由上文“In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. (在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生活的重要组成部分)”可知，在线学习对大学生活很重要，本空要说跟“这种现象的具体表现”有关的话题，故G选项“A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. (一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册了在线课程。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 37.由上文“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (但是所有的在线课程都是平等的吗？你如何确定数字化学习适合你？)”可知，上文对在线课程提出疑问，本空可以继续提出疑问，故F选项“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (如果你参加了在线课程，你能做些什么来确保尽可能好的成绩？)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 38.由上文“The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. (在线学习最明显的优势是你可以随时随地学习)”可知，在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学习，本空要说跟“学习时间”有关的话题，故A选项“But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. (但这并不意味着没有最后期限。)”与上文构成转折关系，that指代上一句话，符合题意。故选A。 39.由下文“He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. (他指出，他的在线学生最终的成绩通常较低)”可知，本空要说跟“在线老师”有关的话题，故D选项“Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. (Alex Davidson教授亲自授课和在线授课)”能引起下文，下文中的He指代D项中的“Alex Davidson教授”，符合题意。故选D。 40.由下文“A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. (社会关系通常是学习的重要组成部分。你可以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。本科生杰西卡·平克建议和朋友一起参加在线课程，这样你们就可以互相激励，坚持下去。你也可以在课堂讨论板上找到学生，组织一个学习小组，或者安排与教授面对面的会议，讨论课程概念)”可知，本空要说跟“人们之间的互动”有关的话题，故E选项“The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. (对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选E。 Passage 4 （2024年全国甲卷） What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. ____16____ But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. ____17____ It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. ____18____ Control emotional (情绪的) eating. ____19____ Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings. ____20____ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight. A Eat properly throughout the day. B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. 一、文章体裁 说明文（健康生活指导类）。 围绕 “饮食适度” 展开说明，讲解其含义并给出多条科学饮食建议，属于健康科普类说明文。 二、文章大意 本文先解释 “饮食适度” 即按需进食、吃饱不过量，对多数人而言就是减少食量，同时不必完全放弃喜爱的食物；接着给出具体建议：放慢进食速度、尽量与他人共餐、选择健康食物、控制情绪化进食、合理安排一日三餐与进食时间，以此实现健康饮食、调节体重。 三、篇章结构 全文采用 “总 — 分” 结构，条理清晰： 第一段：阐释定义 说明饮食适度的内涵，即适量进食，不必忌口。 第二段：建议一 吃饭要细嚼慢咽，给大脑感知饱腹的时间。 第三段：建议二 尽量与人共餐，避免暴饮暴食，多备健康食物。 第四段：建议三 控制情绪化进食，学会用健康方式管理情绪。 第五段：建议四 合理安排一日饮食，规律进餐，避免深夜进食。 四、考查题型 16 题：细节理解题（对 “适度饮食” 的进一步解释） 17 题：细节衔接题（承接 “放慢吃饭” 的具体做法） 18 题：语义转折题（与前文不健康零食形成对比） 19 题：逻辑过渡题（引出非饥饿性进食的原因） 20 题：段落主旨题（概括全天合理饮食的核心建议） 五、题目详解 【答案】16. F 17. C 18. E 19. B 20. A 【解析】 【16题详解】 上文“Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs, You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. (基本上，它意味着只吃你身体需要的食物，你应该在用餐结束时感到满足，但不要太饱)”指出，进餐时不要吃太饱，吃东西要适量。下文“But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. (但这并不意味着要告别你喜欢的食物)”指出，适量进食不是要放弃吃自己喜欢的食物。F项“对我们许多人来说，节制意味着比现在少吃。”解释了何为适量进食。承上启下，符合文意，选项中的“means”与下文一致。故选F项。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. (慢慢来。放慢脚步，把食物看作是有营养的东西，而不仅仅是会议间隙吃的东西，这一点很重要)”可推知，本段主要建议读者吃东西要细嚼慢咽，不要过于急躁。C项“上班路上不要狼吞虎咽。”承接上文。符合文意。故选C项。 【18题详解】 上文“It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. (如果你已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适量食用就更具挑战性了。)”指出，吃不健康的食物不利于适度饮食，E项“相反，你应该选择健康的食物。”符合文意，建议读者选择健康的食物。选项中的“healthy”与上文中的“unhealthy”相对应。故选E项。 【19题详解】 根据本段首句“Control emotional (情绪的) eating. (控制情绪化进食)”以及下文“Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom.(我们中的许多人也会求助于食物来处理不愉快的情绪，如悲伤、孤独或无聊)”可推知，本段主要建议读者不要情绪化的进行暴饮暴食，要进行健康饮食。B项“我们吃东西并不总是为了充饥。”指出有些人吃东西并不总是为了充饥，引出下文有些人通过食物发泄情绪，符合语境。故选B项。 【20题详解】 设空处位于段首，总结全段，下文“A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day, Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. (健康的早餐可以启动你的新陈代谢，而吃少量健康的食物可以让你一整天都精力充沛，避免在深夜进食。尽量早点吃晚饭，禁食14 — 16个小时，直到第二天早上吃早餐。)”指出，我们在一天中的每个时间段都要健康饮食。A项“一整天都要适当饮食。”符合语境。故选A项 2025年 Passage 1 【2025全国一卷】 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 An Unsung Hero Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that, and more. 36 Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. 37 As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. 38 “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve. One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. 39 “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said. “I enjoy working in the cafe” Murphy said. 40 She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves. A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B. She has two children aged eight and four. C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. 一、文章体裁 记叙文（人物赞美类） 以校园咖啡馆员工 Catherine Murphy 为描写对象，讲述其敬业、友善的日常事迹，赞美她是校园里 “无名的英雄”，属于人物特写类记叙文。 二、文章大意 本文介绍了校园咖啡馆里一位默默无闻却温暖人心的员工 Murphy。她工作认真负责、动作麻利，始终面带微笑与学生真诚交流；每天早起通勤，有时还提前到岗服务学生。作为母亲和妻子，她心怀服务他人的信念。她的笑容极具感染力，让许多学生心情变好、开启美好的一天。Murphy 已在此工作 17 年，十分热爱这份工作并打算长期坚持下去。 三、篇章结构 全文以人物为中心展开叙述，结构清晰： 第一段：引出人物 点出校园咖啡馆不仅提供饮品，更传递温暖微笑。 第二段：工作状态 描写 Murphy 认真制作饮品、热情对待每一位顾客。 第三段：日常与信念 介绍她早起通勤、敬业工作，源于服务学生的初心。 第四段：学生评价 通过学生视角，说明她的笑容对校园生活的积极影响。 第五段：个人心声 引用她的自述，表现她对这份工作的热爱与坚守。 四、考查题型 36 题：主旨过渡题（承接咖啡馆，引出核心人物的温暖特质） 37 题：动作细节题（按制作饮品的流程补充连贯动作） 38 题：行为补充题（进一步说明她敬业、早到的工作态度） 39 题：体验衔接题（描述学生常去咖啡馆的感受与意义） 40 题：情感总结题（体现她长期坚守、热爱岗位的内心想法） 五、题目详解 【答案】36 E 37. D 38. C 39. F 40. G 【解析】 36.根据上文“Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that, and more. (课间需要休息或早上快速提神？大学咖啡馆提供这些，还有更多。)”可知，开篇引出咖啡馆的功能，空格处需揭示“更多”的内涵。E选项“Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. (这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品，还提供微笑。)”通过“Not only...also...”结构，既承接“drinks”，又引出下文核心——墨菲的微笑服务，符合语境。故选E项。 37.根据上文“She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. (她在机器之间来回制作饮品。)”及下文“As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. (当顾客从她手中接过饮品时，她微笑着说：“你好，今天过得怎么样？”即使队伍越来越长，她也不会让这影响到她真诚的交流。)”可推知，设空处需补充制作饮品后的环节。D选项“After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. (完成订单后，她会喊出杯子上的名字。)”中的“finishing an order”衔接“make the drinks”，“calls out the name”引出顾客接饮品的场景，形成“制作—叫号—交付”的完整流程。故选D项。 38.根据上文“Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. (墨菲每天四点四十五起床，开车三十分钟准时上班。)”及下文“I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. (我这样做是因为我喜欢为学生煮咖啡。)”可推知，设空处需进一步体现她对工作的投入。C选项“Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. (有时她会提前到达，提前为学生服务。)”中的“arrives early”补充了“准时上班”之外的主动性，“serve the students early”呼应“like to make coffee for the students”，展现其敬业精神。故选C项。 39.根据上文“Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. (乔安娜・赖特是政治学专业的大四学生，她热爱咖啡，每周至少去这家咖啡馆六天。)”及下文““Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said. (赖特说“凯瑟琳总是笑容满面，这总能让我心情愉快。”)”可推知，设空处需说明她频繁去咖啡馆的原因。F选项“Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. (去咖啡馆让她一天有个好的开始，并为上课做好准备。)”中的“starts her day off good”解释了“每周去六天”的动机，且“cheerful mood”与墨菲的微笑服务形成因果关系。故选F项。 40.根据下文“She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves. (她完全打算留下来，继续做自己喜欢的事。)”可推知，设空处需体现她对工作的长期投入。G选项“She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. (她已经在这里服务了17年，无法想象在其他地方工作。)”中的“17 years”凸显服务年限之长，“can’t imagine working anywhere else”强化对咖啡馆的情感联结，与“staying”形成直接呼应。故选G项。 Passage 2 【2025全国二卷】 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? 36 You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family. ●You’ll feel like you have more time. People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 37 ●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. 38 Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives. ● 39 Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come. ●You’ll have more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. 40 Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work. A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression. B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice. E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before. G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. 一、文章体裁 说明文（健康生活 + 家庭教育类） 围绕 “家庭志愿服务” 展开，介绍其多重意想不到的益处，属于家庭教育与生活指导类说明文。 二、文章大意 本文介绍家庭志愿服务不仅能增进家庭凝聚力，还带来诸多额外益处：让人感觉拥有更多时间；有助于中老年人延年益寿、保持健康与记忆力；对青少年有长期积极影响，提升学业与自信；增加高质量亲子共处时光，在共同目标中发现孩子的闪光点，让各年龄段成员都能参与并获得成就感。 三、篇章结构 全文采用 “总 — 分” 结构，条理清晰： 第一段：引出主题 以家庭共同活动为切入点，提出家庭志愿服务是理想选择。 第二段：益处一 志愿服务让人感觉时间更充裕。 第三段：益处二 规律志愿服务有助于中老年人健康长寿、改善记忆力。 第四段：益处三 志愿服务对青少年有长远积极影响。 第五段：益处四 增加家庭共处时间，促进家庭成员全新方式的交流。 四、考查题型 36 题：主旨衔接题（承接上文问题，直接给出家庭志愿服务这一答案） 37 题：细节解释题（解释为何付出时间反而感觉时间更多） 38 题：段落主旨题（概括本段对中老年人身体健康的益处） 39 题：段落标题题（概括志愿服务对青少年的长远积极影响） 40 题：细节拓展题（说明共同志愿活动中对孩子的新发现） 五、题目详解 【答案】36. B 37. G38. E39. C40. F 【解析】 36.根据上文“Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? (你在寻找让家人团聚的方法吗？希望找到一个大人和小孩都能参与的爱好吗)”可知，此处以提问方式引出家庭共同活动的需求，空格处需给出解决方案。B选项“Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. (全家一起做志愿者可能正是你需要的)”中的“Volunteering as a family”直接回应“bring your family together”和“shared hobby”，引出下文对家庭志愿活动好处的具体说明，符合语境。故选B项。 37.根据段落主题句“You’ll feel like you have more time. (你会觉得自己有更多时间)”及上文“Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. (然而，研究发现，把时间投入到社区事业中实际上会让你觉得自己拥有更多时间)”可推知，设空处需解释“感觉时间更多”的原因。G选项“Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. (志愿活动让你感觉有能力，并激励你充分利用每一天)”中的“makes you feel capable”和“inspires you to make the most of each day”从心理层面解释了为何志愿活动会让人产生时间更充裕的感觉，与“feel like you have more time”形成因果关联。故选G项。 38.根据下文“Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. (华盛顿大学研究发现，55 岁及以上的成年人中，参与志愿服务的人群比同龄人拥有更优的记忆力，且能更长久地维持整体健康状态)”可知，本段聚焦志愿活动对成年人身体健康的益处。E选项“For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. (对成年人来说，志愿活动可以带来显著的身体健康益处)”中的“For adults”对应“adults 55 and older”，“physical health benefits”概括了“better memory”和“maintained overall health”，与本段的主题吻合。故选E项。 39.根据下文“Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect teen’s well-being in the years to come. (青少年时期参与志愿服务已被证实与一些重要的积极影响相关，例如成绩提升和自信心增强。这些影响并非只是短期的，而是已被证明会在未来数年持续影响青少年的身心健康)”可知，本段主题为志愿活动对青少年的长期影响。C选项“Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. (志愿活动对儿童和青少年有终身影响)”中的“lifelong effect”对应“affect teen’s well-being in the years to come”，“on kids and teenagers”覆盖段落讨论的年龄群体，符合段落主旨。故选C项。 40.根据上文“Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. (一起做志愿者的家庭有朝着共同目标努力的独特经历)”及下文“Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. (每个人都能带来独特的东西，并能以新的方式相互联系)”可推知，设空处需补充家庭志愿活动中成员间的具体互动。F选项“You may even learn that your kid has talent you didn’t know about before. (你甚至可能会发现你的孩子有你以前不知道的天赋)”中的“learn that your kid has talent”体现“Everyone brings something unique”，且“in a new way”对应“发现孩子未知天赋”的新颖体验，衔接上下文。故选F项。 Passage3 【2025浙江1月卷】 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to do too much. 36 There’s no value in delivering any kind of communication, whether written, spoken, formal, or informal, if the message doesn’t come across clearly. Being clear and brief – while maintaining interest and including everything your listeners need to know – is a high-level communication skill. Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate more effectively. ●Keep your audience in mind. Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests. 37 This will engage their desire to understand and interact with the information. ●Don’t use ten words when one will do. Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. 38 However, they’re hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple. ● 39 If you’ve ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it. Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others. Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills. ●Consider the best method to deliver your message. If the information you’re communicating isn’t urgent, consider sending an email. Written communication will give your audience more time to review it, think it over, and follow up with questions. 40 Building effective communication skills takes time, but the effects are worth the effort. A. Be patient. B. Get the audience involved. C. The best messages are often simple. D. Speak directly to what matters to them. E. You may be surprised by what your listeners offer. F. It will also give them a handy record to refer back to. G. As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say. 一、文章体裁 说明文（技巧指导类） 围绕高效沟通这一主题，分析常见沟通误区，并给出实用的提升技巧，属于实用表达指导类说明文。 二、文章大意 本文指出沟通中最常见的问题是信息量过大，强调清晰简洁才是核心；并给出四条有效沟通建议：沟通时贴合听众兴趣、语言简洁不啰嗦、让听众主动参与交流、根据信息特点选择合适的传递方式。掌握这些技巧虽需时间，但效果显著。 三、篇章结构 全文采用 “总 — 分 — 总” 结构，逻辑清晰： 第一段：提出问题 点明沟通易犯的错误是内容过多，强调清晰简洁的重要性。 第二段：总起建议 引出提升沟通效果的具体技巧。 第三至六段：分述技巧 依次介绍关注听众、语言简洁、调动参与、选择合适传递方式四条方法。 第七段：总结全文 指出高效沟通需要练习，但长期价值显著。 四、考查题型 36 题：细节过渡题（承接沟通误区，引出清晰表达的重要性） 37 题：细节支撑题（具体说明如何贴合听众兴趣） 38 题：逻辑对比题（对比说话者与听众的信息差异，解释简洁的必要性） 39 题：段落主旨题（概括让听众参与互动的核心建议） 40 题：语义顺承题（补充书面沟通的额外好处） 五、题目详解 【解析】 36. C空白处前提到，在沟通中最常见的错误之一就是试图做得太多；空白处后讲的是“如果信息没有清晰地传达出来，那么任何形式的沟通，无论是书面的、口头的、正式的或非正式的，都没有价值”。由此可知，空白处强调的应是不要传达过多内容，要注重信息的清晰传达，C 项“最好的信息往往是简单的”符合语境。 37. D。根据空白处前可知，要根据听众的兴趣决定沟通内容，再结合空白处后“这将激发他们理解信息并与之互动的欲望”可知，D 项“直接讲述对他们重要的事情”进一步说明了要针对听众感兴趣的内容进行沟通，符合语境。 38. G。根据小标题可知，本段围绕沟通内容要简洁展开。根据空白处后可知，这里是将讲话者和听众进行对比，讲话者已经知道内容，而听众是第一次听，所以要简单明了。G 项“作为讲话者，你已经知道自己要说什么”，与下文逻辑连贯。 39. B。空白处为该段的小标题。根据本段后两句可知，本段建议讲话者让听众积极贡献想法参与到讨论中来。B 项“让听众参与进来”最能概括本段内容。 40. F。根据小标题可知，本段建议沟通者考虑传递信息的最佳方式。空白处前提到，书面沟通能让听众有更多时间回顾、认真思考并提出问题来跟进。F 项“这也会为他们提供一份方便查阅的记录”，进一步说明了书面沟通的另一个好处，与上文衔接紧密。 Part two 总结规律 精准备考 高考英语阅读理解七选五解题技巧 一、七选五文章特点（核心：逻辑衔接+语义连贯） （一）体裁特征 核心：上下文语义连贯、逻辑关系清晰，考查“补全信息、衔接上下文”的能力 对象：多为说明文（科普、文化、学习方法、生活建议），少量议论文（观点类、建议类），极少出现记叙文 线索：逻辑衔接（指代、转折、因果、递进、并列、举例）+ 语义衔接（词汇复现、话题一致） 主题：围绕一个核心话题展开，每段内容均为主题服务，无无关信息 结构：常为“总-分”“总-分-总”“并列式”，段落内部逻辑清晰，句与句之间联系紧密 目标：理清上下文逻辑关系 + 把握话题一致性 + 识别衔接线索 （二）核心考查重点 1. 逻辑衔接能力：识别并运用转折、因果、递进、并列等逻辑关系，补全上下文断层； 2. 语义连贯能力：通过词汇复现、指代、话题一致，判断句子之间的关联； 3. 篇章结构能力：把握段落主旨、文章整体框架，判断空格在段落中的作用（总起、过渡、总结、举例）。 （三）空格常见位置及作用 1. 段首：总起全段（提出本段核心话题/观点）、过渡衔接（承接上段，引出本段内容）； 2. 段中：承接上文、引出下文（逻辑衔接核心位置）、举例说明（支撑前文观点）； 3. 段尾：总结全段（概括本段核心内容）、补充说明（完善前文观点）、引出下一段话题。 二、通用解题步骤（核心：先抓逻辑，再找衔接） 1. 略读全文，把握主旨：快速浏览文章首尾段及各段首尾句，明确文章核心话题（如“如何高效记单词”“环保的重要性”），理清文章整体结构； 2. 分析空格，判断功能：根据空格位置（段首/段中/段尾），预判空格的作用（总起/过渡/总结/举例），缩小选项范围； 3. 圈画线索，匹配选项：重点圈画空格前后的“逻辑词、词汇复现、指代词”，结合选项中的衔接线索，逐一匹配； 4. 代入验证，排除干扰：将匹配的选项代入空格，通读上下文，检查语义是否连贯、逻辑是否一致，排除衔接不畅的选项； 5. 核对全文，确认答案：整体通读一遍补全后的文章，确保全文话题一致、逻辑连贯，无明显断层。 三、核心解题技巧（重中之重：线索为王） （一）逻辑衔接线索（最核心，占比60%以上） 通过空格前后的逻辑连接词，判断上下文关系，快速匹配选项，避免主观脑补。 1. 转折关系（前后语义相反） 标志词：but、however、yet、nevertheless、on the contrary、in fact、actually 技巧：空格前后内容语义相反，选项需体现“转折”，且与上下文话题一致；若空格前讲“优点”，选项可能讲“缺点”；空格前讲“传统做法”，选项可能讲“新做法”。 示例：空格前“Many students think memorizing words is boring.”，选项可对应“However, there are some interesting ways to make it easier.” 2. 因果关系（前后存在因果关联） 标志词：because、so、therefore、thus、hence、as a result、due to、owing to、for this reason 技巧：若空格前是“原因”，选项需是“结果”；若空格前是“结果”，选项需是“原因”，确保因果逻辑通顺，不颠倒。 示例：空格前“Regular exercise can improve our physical health.”，选项可对应“Therefore, we should keep exercising every day.” 3. 递进关系（前后语义顺延，程度加深/范围扩大） 标志词：besides、in addition、furthermore、what’s more、moreover、also 技巧：选项内容需在原文基础上“补充说明”，不偏离话题，可增加细节、延伸观点，与前文形成“递进”。 示例：空格前“Reading can broaden our horizons.”，选项可对应“Besides, it can also improve our language skills.” 4. 并列关系（前后语义相近、结构相似） 标志词：and、or、also、as well as、both...and...、either...or...、not only...but also... 技巧：选项与空格前后句子的结构、语义保持一致，多为“同类话题”的补充，如前文讲“方法一”，选项讲“方法二”。 5. 举例关系（前文提出观点，后文举例支撑） 标志词：for example、for instance、such as、namely、that is 技巧：若空格前是“观点/结论”，选项需是“具体例子”；若空格后是“例子”，选项需是“观点/结论”，例子需贴合观点，不偏离话题。 （二）语义衔接线索（辅助判断，提高准确率） 1. 词汇复现（高频考点）：选项中出现与空格前后相同/相近/同源的词汇（名词、动词、形容词），是最直接的衔接线索，优先匹配。 类型：原词复现（如前文“environment”，选项也出现“environment”）、同义复现（如前文“important”，选项出现“significant”）、同源复现（如前文“develop”，选项出现“development”）。 注意：避免“词汇复现陷阱”——选项仅复现词汇，但语义与上下文无关，需结合逻辑判断。 2. 指代衔接（快速定位）：空格前后出现指代词（it、this、that、they、these、those），选项需包含指代的“核心名词”，且指代逻辑正确。 技巧：指代词90%指代前文最近的名词/短语/句子，先找到指代对象，再匹配选项。 示例：空格前“Some people prefer online shopping because it is convenient.”，选项中若有“However, this convenience also brings some problems.”，其中“this”指代前文“convenient”，可优先匹配。 3. 话题一致（核心原则）：所有选项必须围绕文章核心话题、段落核心内容展开，与上下文话题不一致的选项直接排除。 技巧：若文章话题是“如何提升英语听力”，选项中讲“如何提升英语写作”的内容，直接排除。 （三）空格位置专项技巧（精准突破，提高效率） 1. 段首空格：优先选“总起句”“过渡句” - 总起句：概括本段核心内容，多为“观点句”，后文围绕其展开； - 过渡句：承接上段结尾，引出本段话题，常含“however、besides、in addition”等逻辑词。 排除：细节句、举例句（段首极少出现）、与上段话题无关的句子。 2. 段中空格：优先选“衔接句”“举例句” - 衔接句：承上启下，既要衔接前文内容，又要引出后文内容，重点看前后逻辑关系； - 举例句：若前文有“观点句”，且出现“for example”等标志词，选项需是具体例子。 排除：与前后文无逻辑关联、话题脱节的句子。 3. 段尾空格：优先选“总结句”“补充句” - 总结句：概括本段核心内容，多含“therefore、in conclusion、all in all”等标志词； - 补充句：完善前文观点，补充细节，或引出下一段话题（需与下一段首句衔接）。 排除：新话题句、细节句（无法总结本段内容）。 四、高频衔接词必背（分类记忆，快速定位） 1. 转折关系（核心） but、however、yet、nevertheless、on the contrary、in fact、actually、instead、rather than 2. 因果关系（核心） because、so、therefore、thus、hence、as a result、as a consequence、due to、owing to、on account of、for this reason 3. 递进关系（核心） besides、in addition、furthermore、what’s more、moreover、also、additionally 4. 并列关系 and、or、as well as、both...and...、either...or...、not only...but also...、similarly、likewise 5. 举例关系 for example、for instance、such as、namely、that is、in other words 6. 总结关系（段尾高频） therefore、in conclusion、all in all、in a word、to sum up、on the whole 7. 指代衔接（高频） it（指代单数名词/句子）、they（指代复数名词）、this/that（指代前文观点/现象）、these/those（指代前文复数名词） 五、七选五“坑点”避雷（高频易错点，重点规避） 1. 词汇复现陷阱：仅复现原文词汇，但语义与上下文无关、逻辑不连贯，易被误导； 规避：词汇复现只是线索，需结合逻辑关系、话题一致进一步验证，不盲目选复现词。 2. 逻辑颠倒陷阱：因果、转折逻辑颠倒（如原文是“因→果”，选项是“果→因”）； 规避：圈画逻辑词，明确前后逻辑关系，代入选项后通读验证。 3. 话题偏离陷阱：选项内容与文章核心话题、段落核心内容无关，属于“无关信息”； 规避：先明确文章主旨和段落核心，偏离话题的选项直接排除。 4. 细节干扰陷阱：选项是原文的细节内容，无法承担“总起、过渡、总结”的功能（如段首空格选了举例句）； 规避：根据空格位置预判功能，细节句仅适合段中举例，不适合段首、段尾。 5. 指代错误陷阱：选项中的指代词与空格前后的指代对象不一致； 规避：先找到指代词对应的核心名词，再匹配选项，确保指代逻辑正确。 6. 过度延伸陷阱：选项内容超出原文范围，属于“主观脑补”，原文无相关逻辑支撑； 规避：忠于原文，不添加原文未提及的信息，选项需能在原文找到衔接线索。 7. 衔接不畅陷阱：选项与前后文语义连贯，但无明显逻辑衔接词、词汇复现，属于“勉强衔接”； 规避：优先选有明确逻辑衔接、词汇复现的选项，衔接不畅的选项即使语义合理也排除。 六、备考策略（针对性突破，高效提分） 1. 刷题方向 只刷：近3-5年高考真题中的七选五（优先全国卷、新高考卷），每周3-4篇，保持手感； 重点：每做完一篇，标注“空格位置+衔接线索（逻辑词/词汇复现/指代）+ 错因”，总结高频逻辑类型； 额外练习：精读真题原文，分析句与句、段与段之间的衔接方式，积累衔接词和词汇复现规律。 2. 衔接词与词汇复现积累 每天记忆10个高频衔接词（按逻辑分类记忆），整理真题中出现的“词汇复现”案例（原词、同义、同源）； 重点积累：说明文、议论文高频话题词汇（如学习方法、环保、科技、文化），提高话题识别速度。 3. 专项突破（针对薄弱点） - 若段首空格易错：集中练习“段首总起句、过渡句”的判断，总结段首句的常见特征（观点句、衔接句）； - 若逻辑衔接易错：单独整理“转折、因果”类真题，强化逻辑词识别和逻辑关系判断； - 若词汇复现陷阱易错：练习“词汇复现+逻辑验证”结合，不盲目依赖复现词。 4. 错题整理模板（必做） 原题空格位置 → 空格前后关键词/逻辑词 → 衔接线索（逻辑/词汇复现/指代） → 正确选项理由 → 错误选项错因（如：词汇复现陷阱、话题偏离、逻辑颠倒）； 额外补充：标注选项的功能（总起/衔接/总结/举例），坚持2周，可快速提升衔接线索识别能力。 5. 考场时间控制 1篇七选五：7-8分钟（不宜过长，避免影响其他题型）； 先易后难：先做衔接线索明显（有逻辑词、词汇复现）的空格，再做衔接不明显的空格； 技巧：遇到不确定的空格，先标记，先做其他空格，利用上下文排除干扰选项，最后回头验证。 七、万能答题口诀（适配七选五，朗朗上口易记） 略读全文抓主旨，空格位置判功能。 逻辑衔接找标志，词汇复现优先用。 指代对象要找准，话题一致不放松。 代入验证看连贯，坑点避雷记心中。 先易后难省时间，语义逻辑必贯通。 八、高考七选五高频话题及衔接词对应表 1. 学习方法类（高频） 核心话题：高效学习、记单词、阅读技巧、备考方法 高频衔接词：besides、in addition、however、therefore、for example、first、second、finally 高频词汇复现：study、learn、memorize、improve、skill、method、habit、efficiency 2. 环保类（高频） 核心话题：环保措施、垃圾分类、低碳生活、环境污染 高频衔接词：therefore、as a result、however、on the contrary、for instance、besides 高频词汇复现：environment、pollution、protect、recycle、low-carbon、green、save 3. 生活建议类（高频） 核心话题：健康生活、时间管理、人际交往、压力调节 高频衔接词：however、therefore、in addition、for example、first of all、in conclusion 高频词汇复现：health、fitness、time、manage、stress、communicate、suggest、advise 4. 科普说明类（高频） 核心话题：科技发明、自然现象、科学原理、动植物特征 高频衔接词：thus、therefore、besides、for example、that is、in other words 高频词汇复现：science、technology、invent、discover、phenomenon、principle、feature 5. 文化类（中频） 核心话题：传统文化、节日习俗、文化差异、文化传承 高频衔接词：however、in addition、for instance、on the contrary、therefore 高频词汇复现：culture、traditional、custom、festival、heritage、difference 九、错误选项特征速记表（适配七选五，精准排除） 1. 话题偏离：与文章核心话题、段落内容无关，属于“无关信息”，一眼排除； 2. 逻辑颠倒：因果、转折逻辑颠倒，与原文逻辑矛盾，直接排除； 3. 词汇复现陷阱：仅复现原文词汇，但语义、逻辑与上下文无关，排除； 4. 功能不符：选项功能与空格位置不匹配（如段首选举例句），排除； 5. 指代错误：选项中指代词与空格前后的指代对象不一致，排除； 6. 过度延伸：内容超出原文范围，主观脑补，无逻辑支撑，排除； 7. 衔接不畅：无逻辑衔接词、无词汇复现，与前后文勉强衔接，排除； 8. 细节过载：选项过于琐碎，无法承担总起、过渡、总结功能，排除； 9. 语义矛盾：与空格前后句子语义相反（无转折词），排除； 10. 语法错误：选项本身存在语法错误（如主谓不一致、时态错误），排除（高考真题极少出现，但若有直接排除）。 考场快速排除口诀（适配七选五） 话题偏离先排除，逻辑颠倒不相符。 复现陷阱细分辨，功能不符直接除。 指代错误要警惕，过度延伸不考虑。 衔接不畅别勉强，语义连贯才是福。 34 / 47 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $