Unit 5 Good manners 知识清单-2025-2026学年八年级英语译林版下册

该初中英语单元知识清单系统整合了八年级下册Unit 5 "Good manners"的核心内容，涵盖礼貌用语、行为规范、跨文化礼仪差异及语法结构（如adj. enough to do sth, too...to...）等知识范畴，为学生构建了从基础词汇短语积累到语法规则应用再到跨文化理解的递进式学习支架。 清单通过模块分类（Welcome to the unit/Reading等）、重难点标注（如strong突出核心词汇）及跨文化对比（中英礼仪差异）构建知识体系，如将"respect"的词性变化（n./v./adj./adv.）关联呈现，培养学生语言能力与文化意识。设计"短语搭配表"（如leave+宾语+现在分词结构）和情景例句（如图书馆保持安静），不同水平学生可高效掌握，教师可据此设计分层教学，提升课堂实效。

八下 Unit 5 Good manners 1. Good manners and kindness are always in fashion. 礼貌和善良总是流行的。 in fashion流行; out of fashion过时 2. become more aware of how to behave properly 更加注意如何举止得体。 Welcome to the unit 3. drop litter乱扔垃圾。 litter (n.)垃圾(不可数) litter (v.)扔垃圾 4. leave the tap running让水龙头开着。 leave+宾语+现在分词，让…保持某种状态 5. keep quiet in the library在图书馆保持安静 6. pick flowers in the park在公园摘花 7. follow traffic rules遵守交通规则 following (adj.) 接下来的 be followed被跟着 8. wait in line patiently耐心排队等候 patient(adj.)耐心的；(n.) 病人 be patient with对…有耐心 patiently(adv.)耐心地 impatient(adj.)不耐心的 9. First, it's very important to show respect for your teachers. 首先，尊重老师非常重要。 ① respect (n.) 尊敬；(v.) 尊敬，尊重 show respect for… 对…表示尊重 ② respectful (adj.) 尊敬的 ③ respectfully (adv.) 尊敬地 10. Remember, you shouldn't run in the hallways after class. 记住，下课后不应该在走廊里奔跑。 11. Don’t forget to come back to class on time. 别忘了按时回来上课。 on time准时 in time及时 12. Don't leave rubbish anywhere. 不要乱扔垃圾。 Reading 13. My Chinese friends are kind enough to make me feel at home, but I’ve noticed some interesting differences in manners. 我的中国朋友们足够友好，让我感到宾至如归，但我注意到了有趣的礼仪方面的差异。 make sb. feel at home让…感到舒适自, 在不拘束 14. In the UK, people use the word “please” all the time to be polite. 在英国，人们总是用“请”这个词来表示礼貌。 all the time一直，总是=always 15. The Chinese have their own way of being polite. 中国人有自己表达礼貌的方式。 have one's own way of doing sth. 有自己做某事的独特方式 16. For example, they normally use nin to address others in a formal situation. 例如，在正式场合他们通常用“您”来称呼他人。 ① normal (adj.)正常的；通常的 normally (adv.)通常 ② common (adj.) 普遍的；共同的 commonly (adv.)通常 ③ ordinary (adj.) 普通的，平常的 17. If you want to show politeness and respect for others, you can't go wrong with nin. 如果你想对他人表示礼貌和尊重，用“您”绝不会错。 can’t go wrong with sth. 绝对不会出错，绝对不会有问题 18. I’ve also realized that the Chinese behave differently from the British when it comes to praise. 我还意识到，在对待赞美时，中国人的行为与英国人不同。 ① realize(v.)意识到=know =be aware of… ② behave(v.)表现；behavior(n.)表现 ③ when it comes to sth.当谈到某事时 19. If someone says my Chinese is good, I’ll be pleased and tell them I love learning the language. 如果有人说我中文好，我会很高兴，并告诉他们我喜欢学这门语言。 ① please (excl.)请，请问；(v.) (使)开心，(使)满意 Could you please (not) do sth请(不)做某事 ② pleasant (adj.) 令人愉快的 ③ pleased (adj.) 感到高兴的 be pleased/satisfied/happy with对…感到满意 ④ pleasure (n.)高兴，乐意 With pleasure乐意(提供帮助) It's my pleasure不客气，很乐意效劳(回答谢谢) 20. But when I praise my Chinese friends, instead of saying “Thank you”, they often smile and reply, “Nali, nali.” 但当我赞美我的中国朋友时，他们常常微笑着说“哪里，哪里”，而不是说“谢谢”。 ① instead (adv.) 反而，却，用于句末或句首。置于句首时，通常用逗号隔开。 instead of sth/doing sth代替, 作为….的替换 ② reply to sb/sth 回复某人/某事 reply (n.) 答复 get one’s replies 得到某人的答复 21. They are too modest to accept praise openly. 他们太谦虚了，不愿公开接受赞美。 22. Here, eating is a special time for people to connect. 在这里，吃饭是人们联系的特殊时刻。 connect…with/to… 连接…与… be connected with/to… 与…有关，和…相联系 23. One day, my host was nice enough to invite me to dinner, and he was so hospitable. 一天，我的房东好心请我吃饭，他非常热情好客。 24. He was telling me to eat more and kept putting food on my plate. 他告诉我要多吃一些，并不断地把食物放在我的盘子里。 25. This was his way of showing how much he cared about me. 这是他表达对我有多在乎的方式。 26. I ate so much because I was too polite to refuse! 我吃了很多，因为我太礼貌了，不好意思拒绝！ refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 accept (vt.)接受 27. In the UK, people show that they care about their guests in a different way. 在英国，人们以一种不同的方式表达对客人的关心。 28. They usually ask if everything is OK or if you want another drink. 他们通常会问是否一切顺利，或者你是否还想再来一杯。 29. It can be hard at first to get used to all these differences. 刚开始要适应这些差异有时会有点困难。 ① get used to sth./doing sth.习惯于… ② used to do sth过去常常做某事 ③ be used to do sth被用于做某事 30. But if you are in another country, my advice is: when in Rome, do as the Romans do. 但如果你在另一个国家，我的建议是：入乡随俗。 When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗 All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 Rome wasn’t built in a day. 罗马城绝非一日建成。 31. What is Robert's advice about getting used to different manners? 罗伯特关于适应不同礼仪的建议是什么？ 32. How is everything going? 最近怎么样？ 33. In China, it's not polite to call people by their names if they' re much older than you. 在中国，称呼比你年长很多的人的名字是不礼貌的。 call sb. by one's name直呼其名 34. How do they act when someone praises them? 当别人赞美他们时，他们怎么做？ 35. It's just their way of being modest. 这只是他们谦虚的方式。 36. Is there anything similar between the manners in China and at home? 中国的礼仪和你们国家有什么相似之处吗？ 37. Normally, people show respect for others in both countries. 通常，两个国家的人都会尊重他人。 Grammar 38. 语法 ① be adj. enough to dos sth描述一个人的品质和能力 ② be too adj. for sb to do sth表达因某个原因而没有完成某个动作或达到某种状态 ③ never +too...to… 表示肯定 One is never too old to learn. 活到老学到老。 ④ be too adj. to do= be not adj. enough to do sth 常在第二种句型中使用的形容词是第一种结构中使用的形容词的反义词。 The little girl is too young to go to school. =The little girl is not old enough to go to school. 这个小女孩年级太小，还不能上学。 39. When you travel around the world, it is important to have enough information about the manners of different cultures. 当你环游世界时，了解不同文化的礼仪足够信息很重要。 40. To enjoy world travel fully, avoid too much planning all at once. 为了充分享受环球旅行，避免一次性计划太多。 ① avoid doing sth避免做某事 ② all at once同时，一起 41. Trying to do too many things can be too tiring. 试图做太多事情会让人太累。 42. To really understand the culture of a country, try to visit enough places. 为了真正了解一个国家的文化，尽量参观足够多的地方。 43. Stay in each place long enough to get to know the local traditions. 在每个地方停留足够长的时间来了解当地的传统。 44. Many young people are excited to travel to other places, but you should wait until you are old enough to travel alone. 许多年轻人很兴奋去其他地方旅行，但你应该等到你足够大才能独自旅行。 45. Please wait patiently enough to let everyone get their turn. 请耐心等待足够长的时间，让每个人轮流。 turn (n.) (依次轮到的)机会 It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事 take turns to do sth轮流做某事 do sth in turn 轮流做某事 get one's turn 轮到某人 46. Don't jump the line.不要插队。cut in line插队 47. Don't blow on your food if it is too hot. 如果食物太烫，不要吹它。 48. Wait a few minutes for it to cool off. 等几分钟让它凉下来。 49. Make sure the table is clean enough for others to use after you finish. 你吃完后，确保桌子足够干净，让别人使用。 50. Don’t walk too fast in case you run into someone. 不要走得太快，以免撞到别人。 ① case (n.) 特殊情况；病例 in case以免，以防； in case+从句；in case of+名词 ② run into sb/sth 撞上 51. In many countries, people are patient enough to wait in line in banks and shops. 在许多国家，人们足够耐心地在银行和商店排队等候。 52. They are kind enough to hold the door for you when you go in or out of a building. 他们足够友善，在你进出建筑物时为你扶门。 53. In public places, people are polite enough to keep their voices down. 在公共场所，人们足够礼貌地压低声音。 keep one's voice down 压低声音 54. Also, they are too kind to push past you when you are in their way. 而且，他们太善良了，不会在你挡路时推开你。 ① push past 推开走过 ② be in one’s way 挡某人的路 55. In public places, people are thoughtful enough to keep quiet. 在公共场所，人们足够体贴地保持安静。 56. Mr. Wu is patient enough to listen carefully when the students speak. 吴老师足够耐心，认真听学生说话。 57. Simon is too excited to express himself clearly. 西蒙太兴奋了，无法清晰地表达自己。 58. Millie is too busy taking notes to hear Suzy’s opinion. 米莉太忙着记笔记，没听到苏西的意见。 59. Kitty is too shy to join the discussion. 基蒂太害羞了，无法加入讨论。 60. There was a man named Ji Bu in the Han Dynasty. 汉代有一个人叫季布。 61. If he promised others something, he always kept his word. 如果他答应了别人什么事，他总是信守诺言。 ① promise to do sth 承诺做某事；promise that从句 ② keep/break one’s word 信守/违背诺言 ③ cheat(v.)欺骗 62. He was trustworthy enough to win others’ praise. 他足够值得信赖，赢得了别人的赞扬。 63. In the Tang Dynasty, there lived an old woman near Du Fu's house. 唐代，杜甫家附近住着一位老妇人。 there lived... 倒装结构，有……居住 64. She had no children and lived a hard life. 她没有孩子，过着艰苦的生活。 65. The old woman was too poor to buy food for herself, so she often went to knock the fruits down from the tree in Du Fu's yard and cooked them for food. 老妇人太穷了，买不起食物，所以她常常把杜甫院子里的果子敲下来煮着吃。 knock(v.)碰，撞；把...撞击成；敲；击 knock on/at敲门 knock down撞倒 knock over撞翻 knock off =knock down…from撞落 knock…onto… 把…撞到…上 66. The travellers on the road were all too thirsty to walk any further. 路上的行人都太渴了，走不动了。 67. He was too honest to take others’ things, even though no one knew who owned the pear tree. 他太诚实了，不会拿别人的东西，尽管没人知道那棵梨树是谁的。 ① even though 即使（虽然，事实） even if 即使（假设） ② own (v.)拥有；owner (n.)物主；主人 ③…of one’s own 属于某人自己的 on one's own=alone=by oneself独立地；独自地 Integration 68. Stand in the snow to wait for Master Cheng respectfully 程门立雪 69. On a cold winter day, two students paid a visit to Master Cheng, a well-known teacher in the Song Dynasty. 在一个寒冷的冬日，两个学生去拜访宋代著名老师程先生。 70. The master was sleeping when they arrived. 他们到达时，老师正在睡觉。 71. The two students were too polite to wake him up, so they waited outside the house patiently. 两个学生太有礼貌了，没有叫醒他，于是他们在屋外耐心地等着。 72. While they were waiting, it began to snow and the snow was getting harder and heavier. 他们等待的时候，开始下雪了，雪越来越大。 73. When the master woke up, he was moved to see the two students waiting in the deep snow. 老师醒来时，看到两个学生在深雪中等待，他很感动。 move (v.) 使感动，打动 moved (adj.)感动的；moving(adj.)令人感动的 74. Don't take photos—it may harm the artwork. 不要拍照——可能会损坏艺术品。 harm (n/vt.)伤害；损害 →harmful(adj.)有害的→ harmless (adj.)无害的 harm…对…有害 =be harmful to… =do harm to... =be bad for… 75. Be as quiet as possible and enjoy museums in peace. 尽可能保持安静，安静地欣赏博物馆。 76. Don't play games or music on your phone without wearing earphones. 不要不戴耳机在手机上玩游戏或听音乐。 77. Don't touch the artwork if it is not allowed. 如果不允许，不要触摸艺术品。 allow(v.)允许 allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事 →sb be allowed to do sth某人被允许某事 78. Tables in Chinese restaurants are usually round, while tables in the UK are usually square. 中餐馆的桌子通常是圆的，而英国的桌子通常是方的。 79. Chinese people like to sit in a circle in a restaurant because it is easy for big groups to talk and reach the food in the middle. 中国人喜欢在餐馆里围坐成一圈，因为这样便于大群人交谈和够到中间的菜。 80. Chinese people like taking and laughing when having meals with family and friends, but it is best not to talk with food in our mouth. 中国人喜欢与家人和朋友吃饭时聊天说笑，但最好不要嘴里含着食物说话。 81. It is common to leave a tip when British people have finished the meal, but Chinese people only paid for the meal. 英国人吃完饭给小费很常见，但中国人只付饭钱。 82. The rules in Chinese museums are very similar to those in the UK. 中国博物馆的规则与英国非常相似。 83. We should not speak loudly inside the museum or touch any artwork if it is not allowed. 我们不应该在博物馆内大声说话，也不应该触摸任何不允许触摸的艺术品。 84. It is usually very peaceful inside because people have to be quiet there. 里面通常很安静，因为人们必须保持安静。 85. This is quite impolite because it will trouble other visitors. 这很不礼貌，因为会打扰其他游客。 trouble (vt.)麻烦；使烦恼；折磨 trouble (n.)问题，困难；麻烦 in trouble处于困境中; out of trouble摆脱困境 86. Amy said this made it easy for big groups to talk and reach food in the middle. 艾米说这便于大群人交谈和够到中间的菜。 make it adj for sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事怎么样 87. At the end of the meal, we only pay for the meal, because here it is not common to leave a tip. 吃完饭，我们只付饭钱因为在这里给小费不常见。 88. Manners are quite different in different countries, aren't they? 不同国家的礼仪很不一样，对吧？ 89. Chinese people sometimes greet each other by shaking hands, but British people like to greet one another with a big hug, and sometimes we greet relatives or close friends with a kiss. 中国人有时通过握手互相问候，但英国人喜欢用大大的拥抱互相问候，有时我们还会用亲吻问候亲戚或密友。 hug(v./n.) 拥抱-hugging-hugged 90. I also know British people always say “please” and “thank you”, but in India, you do not need to thank a friend for making you dinner. 我也知道英国人总是说“请”和“谢谢”，但在印度，你不必因为朋友为你做了晚餐而感谢他。 91. Instead, you show your thanks by inviting them to dinner next time. 相反，你通过下次请他们吃饭来表达感谢。 92. It's good to know some manners in different cultures. 了解不同文化中的一些礼仪是很好的。 93. Table manners are important in China and I am going to share some helpful advice. 餐桌礼仪在中国很重要，我将分享一些有用的建议。 94. Firstly, when you are sitting at the table, you should not start eating until everyone is ready. 首先，当你坐在桌旁时，你应该等到每个人都准备好再开始吃。 95. Then, eat quietly and keep your mouth closed when you are eating. 然后，安静地吃，吃东西时闭着嘴。 96. Also, never speak if you have food in your mouth. 而且，嘴里有食物时绝对不要说话。 97. It is polite to talk about how tasty the food is. 谈论食物多么美味是礼貌的。 98. This will show that you are enjoying the meal. 这会表明你正在享用这顿饭。 99. Moreover, remember it is impolite to leave the table until everyone has finished. 此外，记住除非每个人都吃完了，否则离开餐桌是不礼貌的。 100. If a friend invites you to dinner at their home, do not rush your meal unless you have to leave in a hurry. 如果朋友邀请你去他们家吃饭，除非你必须匆忙离开，否则不要吃得太快。 unless (conj.) 除非= if not 101. When you are about to leave, don't forget to say “thank you”. 当你准备离开时，别忘了说“谢谢”。 be about to do sth 即将，正要做某事 102. We should follow these rules to make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table. 我们应该遵守这些规则，确保客人和主人在餐桌上都感到舒适。 103. I hope that you will find my advice useful. 我希望你觉得我的建议有用。 Further study 104. The Book of Rites is a collection of writings on manners and rites in ancient China. 《礼记》是先秦时期关于礼仪和礼制的文集。 105. It holds cultural value and plays an important role in traditional Chinese culture. 它具有文化价值，在中国传统文化中扮演着重要角 plays an important role in 在…中扮演重要角色 https://www.zxxk.com/user/11987631/ 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $