Unit 5 Good manners 单元知识清单 -2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

该初中英语Unit 5 "Good manners"单元知识清单全面梳理了礼仪主题核心内容，涵盖30个重点词汇、20个核心短语、10个关键句型、4组词汇辨析、3项语法要点及写作指导，搭建从基础词汇积累到语法规则应用再到跨文化礼仪表达的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类梳理、对比辨析、情境化示例构建知识体系，如词汇标注词性与文化背景（如chopsticks的复数用法），语法结合情态动词表建议的应用场景（如Could/Would的礼貌请求），写作提供"开头-主体-结尾"结构模板。特色设计"易混词对比表"（如polite/impolite/rude）和"句型功能分类"，培养学生语言能力与文化意识，辅助教师分层教学，学生自主复习高效便捷。

Unit 5 Good manners 单元知识点梳理 基础知识清单 一、重点单词 1. manner /ˈmænə(r)/ n. 礼貌；礼仪（复数：manners；短语：good manners 有礼貌；bad manners 没礼貌） 2. polite /pəˈlaɪt/ adj. 有礼貌的（副词：politely；反义词：impolite/rude；短语：be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌） 3. impolite /ˌɪmpəˈlaɪt/ adj. 不礼貌的（前缀 im 表否定；同义词：rude） 4. rude /ruːd/ adj. 粗鲁的；无礼的（反义词：polite；短语：be rude to sb. 对某人粗鲁） 5. excuse /ɪkˈskjuːz/ v. 原谅；宽恕 /ɪkˈskjuːs/ n. 借口；理由（短语：excuse me 打扰一下；劳驾） 6. pardon /ˈpɑːdn/ v.&n. 原谅；赦免（短语：pardon me 请再说一遍；对不起） 7. thank /θæŋk/ v.&n. 感谢；谢谢（短语：thank sb. for sth. 因某事感谢某人；thanks a lot 非常感谢） 8. welcome /ˈwelkəm/ adj. 受欢迎的 v. 欢迎（短语：you're welcome 不客气；welcome to... 欢迎来到...） 9. offer /ˈɒfə(r)/ v. 主动提出；提供（短语：offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物） 10. seat /siːt/ n. 座位 v. 使就座（短语：give up one's seat 让座；take a seat 就座） 11. behave /bɪˈheɪv/ v. 表现；举止（短语：behave well 表现好；behave badly 表现差） 12. respect /rɪˈspekt/ v.&n. 尊重；尊敬（短语：respect others 尊重他人；show respect to sb. 向某人表示尊重） 13. queue /kjuː/ v. 排队 n. 队列（短语：queue up / wait in line 排队等候） 14. silence /ˈsaɪləns/ n. 沉默；寂静（形容词：silent；短语：keep silent 保持安静） 15. proper /ˈprɒpə(r)/ adj. 合适的；恰当的（副词：properly；短语：proper behavior 恰当的行为） 16. shake /ʃeɪk/ v. 摇动；握手（过去式/过去分词：shook/shaken；短语：shake hands (with sb.) 和某人握手） 17. greet /ɡriːt/ v. 问候；打招呼（短语：greet sb. warmly 热情问候某人） 18. chopstick /ˈtʃɒpstɪk/ n. 筷子（复数：chopsticks；短语：use chopsticks properly 正确使用筷子） 19. chew /tʃuː/ v. 咀嚼；嚼碎（短语：chew slowly 慢慢嚼；chew with mouth open 张嘴嚼东西） 20. elderly /ˈeldəli/ adj. 上了年纪的；年长的（短语：the elderly 老年人） 21. loud /laʊd/ adj. 大声的；响亮的（副词：loudly；短语：talk loudly 大声说话） 22. ought to /ɔːt tuː/ modal v. 应该；应当（表建议，与should用法相近） 23. could /kʊd/ modal v. 可以；能（can的过去式，表礼貌请求） 24. would /wʊd/ modal v. 将会；愿意（will的过去式，表礼貌请求） 25. interrupt /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/ v. 打断；打扰（短语：interrupt others 打断别人） 26. napkin /ˈnæpkɪn/ n. 餐巾；纸巾（短语：use a napkin 用餐巾） 27. point /pɔɪnt/ v. 指；指向（短语：point at sb. 指着某人） 28. harmonious /hɑːˈməʊniəs/ adj. 和谐的（短语：harmonious society 和谐社会） 29. civilized /ˈsɪvəlaɪzd/ adj. 文明的（短语：civilized behavior 文明行为） 30. basic /ˈbeɪsɪk/ adj. 基本的；基础的（短语：basic manners 基本礼仪） 二、重点短语 1. good manners 有礼貌 2. bad manners 没礼貌 3. be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌 4. be rude to sb. 对某人粗鲁 5. excuse me 打扰一下；劳驾 6. pardon me 请再说一遍；对不起 7. thank sb. for sth. 因某事感谢某人 8. you're welcome 不客气 9. give up one's seat 让座 10. shake hands (with sb.) （和某人）握手 11. greet sb. warmly 热情问候某人 12. queue up / wait in line 排队等候 13. keep silent 保持安静 14. talk loudly 大声说话 15. chew with mouth open 张嘴嚼东西 16. use chopsticks properly 正确使用筷子 17. show respect to others 尊重他人 18. behave well 表现良好 19. interrupt others 打断别人 20. point at sb. 指着某人 三、重点句型 1. —What should we do when we meet people from different countries? —We should shake hands with people from China. （—当我们遇到来自不同国家的人时，我们应该做什么？—我们应该和中国人握手。） 2. It's polite to give up your seat to the elderly on the bus. （在公交车上给老年人让座是有礼貌的。） 3. It's impolite to talk loudly in the library. （在图书馆里大声说话是不礼貌的。） 4. Could you please keep your voice down in the cinema? （请你在电影院里小声一点好吗？） 5. Would you mind not smoking in the restaurant? （你介意不在餐馆里抽烟吗？） 6. You ought to say "thank you" when someone helps you. （当有人帮助你时，你应该说“谢谢”。） 7. Don't chew with your mouth open when you eat with others. （和别人一起吃饭时，不要张嘴嚼东西。） 8. —Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the nearest bus stop? —Sure, go straight and turn right at the corner. （—打扰一下，你能告诉我去最近的公交站的路吗？—当然，直走然后在拐角处右转。） 9. We should behave well in public places to show our good manners. （我们在公共场合应该表现良好，以展现我们的礼貌。） 10. It's important to learn basic table manners when eating out. （外出就餐时学习基本的餐桌礼仪是很重要的。） 易错易混 四、重点词汇辨析 1. polite / impolite / rude 词汇 含义与用法 例句 polite adj. 有礼貌的，指行为符合礼仪规范，让人感到舒适、被尊重 It's polite to hold the door open for people behind you. impolite adj. 不礼貌的，polite的否定形式，指违反基本礼仪的行为 It's impolite to cut in line when waiting for the subway. rude adj. 粗鲁的，语气比impolite更强，指行为冒犯他人、缺乏基本修养 It's rude to talk back to your teachers or parents. 2. excuse me / pardon me / sorry 词汇 含义与用法 例句 excuse me 用于引起他人注意、打扰别人、问路或请求许可，语气委婉礼貌 Excuse me, can I borrow your pen for a minute? pardon me 用于没听清对方的话请求重复，或因轻微过失道歉 Pardon me, I didn't catch what you said just now. sorry 用于正式道歉，承认自己的错误或给他人带来不便 I'm sorry for breaking your favorite cup. I'll buy you a new one. 3. should / ought to 词汇 含义与用法 例句 should 情态动词，表建议、责任或义务，口语化程度高，语气较委婉 You should wash your hands before every meal to keep healthy. ought to 情态动词，表应该，语气比should更正式，强调道义上的责任或社会规范 We ought to respect the elderly and help them when they need it. 4. shake hands / hug / kiss 词汇 含义与用法 例句 shake hands 正式、通用的见面礼仪，多用于初次见面或商务场合，不同文化普遍接受 People usually shake hands when they meet for the first time in China. hug 亲密的肢体接触，多用于朋友、家人之间，表达亲近或安慰 My best friend hugged me tightly when I won the competition. kiss 更亲密的礼仪，不同国家习惯不同：欧美国家常亲吻脸颊，家人间可亲吻额头 People in France often kiss each other on the cheek when they meet. 重难点 五、重点语法 1. 情态动词表建议与礼貌请求 should/ought to：表建议、责任或义务，should更口语化，ought to更正式；否定式`shouldn't/oughtn't to`表“不应该” 例：You should greet your neighbors when you meet them. You oughtn't to talk loudly in the hospital. could/would：表礼貌请求，语气委婉，`could`是`can`的过去式，`would`是`will`的过去式 例：Could you please pass me the salt? Would you mind opening the window for me? 2. It's + adj. + to do sth. 句型 含义：用于评价某行为是否礼貌、合适，`it`为形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式 结构： 肯定：`It's polite/important/good to do sth.` 否定：`It's impolite/rude/bad to do sth.` 例：It's important to learn good manners in daily life. It's rude to point at others with chopsticks. 3. 特殊疑问句询问礼仪规范 常用疑问词：what（做什么）、how（如何做）、when（何时做）、where（何地做） 典型句式： ① 询问行为：What should we do when we eat in a Western restaurant? ② 询问方式：How do people greet each other in Japan? ③ 询问场合：Where is it polite to kiss each other? ④ 询问原因：Why is it necessary to follow public manners? 六、写作指导（介绍礼仪类短文） 1. 写作结构 部分 内容要点 常用表达 开头 点明礼貌的重要性，引出要介绍的礼仪类型（见面礼仪、公共礼仪、餐桌礼仪等） Good manners are the bridge to good relationships. They make our life more harmonious. Today I want to share some basic manners we should follow. 主体 分点描述不同场景的礼仪规范，说明具体做法与意义（结合“应该做/禁止做/建议做”） First, we should learn proper greeting manners. In China, shaking hands is a common way to greet others. Second, we must follow public manners: keep silent in libraries and queue up when waiting for buses. Third, we shouldn't chew with our mouth open when eating with others. 结尾 表达对礼貌的看法，呼吁大家养成良好礼仪习惯 Good manners are a sign of civilization. Let's start with small things to be polite people and make the world warmer. 2. 范文示例 Good Manners We Should Follow Good manners are like a warm ray of sunshine that makes people feel comfortable. They are very important for us to get on well with others and build a harmonious society. Here are some basic manners we should learn. First, we should master proper greeting manners. When we meet someone for the first time in China, shaking hands and smiling is a polite way. In some Western countries, people may hug or kiss each other on the cheek. No matter what way we choose, showing our respect is the key. Second, we must follow public manners. When we are in quiet places like libraries or cinemas, we should keep silent. We should also queue up when waiting for buses or trains. Giving up our seats to the elderly, pregnant women or people with babies is a kind behavior that shows our care for others. Third, table manners are necessary when eating with others. We shouldn't chew with our mouth open or talk with food in our mouth. We should use chopsticks properly and never point at others with them. It's also polite to say "thank you" when someone passes us food. I think good manners are the foundation of a civilized society. If everyone follows these small rules, our life will be more beautiful. Let's start from today to be a polite person! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $