Unit 2 Growing pains and gains Understanding ideas Grammar 课件 2025-2026学年外研版八年级英语下册

Growing pains and gains 2 Unit Grammar know the different sentence patterns of passive in the simple past know the form of passive in the simple past At the end of the class, you will be able to: use passive in the simple past to talk about a difficult experience with your parents 一般过去时的被动语态 Now find one more sentence with this structure in the reading passage. What promise did the son make in the play? Did he keep his promise? He promised to be back before 9. No, he broke it. / The promise wasn't kept./ The promise was broken (by him). Passive Voice 被动语态 被动语态 定义 结构 一般现在时 一般将来时 主动变被动 找到主语和宾语 把主动语态的宾语换为被动语态的主语 将主动语态的谓语改为被动语态be done 主动语态中的主语加在by之后作宾语 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 主语+be+done 主语+is/am/are+done+(by+动作执行者) 主语+will+be+done+(by+动作执行者) What's their difference? 例句 被动语态结构 时态 ① I'm reminded of some other friends I met through the glass. (Unit 1 p4) ② All my days up high in the air will be kept in my memory. (Unit 1 p4) ③ The promise was broken (by him). am/is/are+动词过去分词 will be+动词过去分词 was/were+动词过去分词 一般现在时的被动语态 一般将来时的被动语态 一般过去时的被动语态 The key is the “be” verb changes with time. Today, let's focus on passive in the simple past. Read the sentences from the reading passage and summarise the grammar rules. P23 (a) I checked and saw that a yellow band was attached to her wrist. (b) I waited with her until she was taken home by a policewoman. 一般过去时的被动语态的结构： 主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者) Now find one more sentence with this structure in the reading passage. 一般过去时的被动语态 肯定句： 主语+was/were+动词过去分词（+by+动作执行者） He (allow) to watch TV. The storybooks (write) by a famous writer in the 1960s. 否定句： 主语+was/were+not+动词过去分词（+by+动作执行者） He (not invite) to the party. The trees (not plant) last year. was allowed were written was not invited were not planted 一般过去时被动语态的各类句式 肯定句: 主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者). I was praised by the teacher. 2. 否定句: 主语 + was/were + not + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者). The windows were not broken by him. 我被老师表扬了。 窗户不是被他打破的。 1. The cake (eat) by Tom an hour ago. 2. The window (not break) by me. 3. The letter (write) by Lucy. 4. the keys (find)yesterday? 5. The book (take) to the library. 6. A lot of rice (grow) in the south last year. 7. These photos (take) during our trip to London. 8. The film (watch) by many people last year. was eaten was not broken was written Were found was taken was grown were taken was watched Rewrite the sentences in the passive in the simple past. 1.  Betty's dad didn't allow her to have a lazy day on the sofa.                                                                       2.  Robert's mum turned down his idea of hiking alone in the mountains.                                                                      3. Sarah's parents hid her birthday presents in their bedroom.                                                                       Betty wasn’t allowed to have a lazy day on the sofa. Rober’s idea of hiking alone in the mountains was turned down by his mum. Sarah’s birthday presents were hidden in their bed room by her parents . 被动语态 一、被动语态核心定义 当动作的承受者作句子主语时，用被动语态；强调 “被做、被怎样”，常用来表达客观事实、不知道动作执行者或无需提及执行者。 主动语态：主语是动作的发出者（谁做了某事） 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者（某事被谁做 / 被做了） 例：主动→Tom cleaned the room. 汤姆打扫了房间。 被动→The room was cleaned by Tom. 房间被汤姆打扫了。 二、被动语态核心结构 被动语态的基本构成：主语 + be 动词 + 动词的过去分词 (done) Complete the messages with the correct form of the words and  expression in brackets. Dad, You can't just take my phone away. I actually use it for many important things. It helps me stay in touch with my friends after school.But now I           (cut off) from them! Do you still remember my space project from last term? A lot of the research           (do) on my phone. And I did a really great job. Can I have my phone back,please? Samantha was cut off was done 关键：be 动词的时态随原主动句的时态变化，过去分词固定不变（规则 / 不规则变化需牢记）。 三、基本句式变化（以一般过去时为例，其他时态同理） The worker repaired the machine.（工人修了机器） 被动句：The machine was repaired by the worker. 否定句：be 动词后加 not → The machine wasn't repaired by the worker. 这台机器没被这个工人修。 一般疑问句：be 动词提前 → Was the machine repaired by the worker? 这台机器是被这个工人修的吗？ 回答：Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't. I'm sorry, Samantha. I'm afraid that too much of your time           (spend) on your phone. That's very bad for your eyes. At times, your attention           (draw) away during family meals. We need quality family time, too. How about this? Let's all put our phones down for a while every day and have a family conversation. What do you think? Dad was spent was drew Write a story about a difficult experience with your parents. Use the words and expressions from the reading passage and the Useful expressions to help you. A difficult experience with my parents When it happened What I learnt/How our relationship changed What caused it How it ended 被动语态 1. 规则变化（3 类核心） ① 直接加 - ed：clean→cleaned；ask→asked；play→played ② 以 e 结尾加 - d：live→lived；like→liked；dance→danced ③ 辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 - ed：study→studied；worry→worried 2. 初中必背不规则过去分词（高频） see→seen；do→done；go→gone；have→had；make→made；take→taken；eat→eaten；write→written；break→broken；buy→bought；speak→spoken；tell→told；ask→asked；build→built；teach→taught Language Key phrases in the end argue about / over promise to do I'm sorry for... was/were caused by... allow sb. to do sth. take sth. away stay in touch with... be cut off from... spend time on sth. 1.最后，最终 2.为…而争吵/争论 3.承诺做某事 4.我为…感到抱歉 5.是由…引起的 6.允许某人做某事 7.拿走某物 8.与…保持联系 9.与…断绝联系 10.在某事上花时间 Useful expressions ·The problem was caused by... ·Inthe end,we.. ·I promised to...But... ·I'm sorry for... ·My parents thought that... ·After this disagreement,I learnt that... Write , I had a disagreement with my parents. We argued about . . . Change the following sentences into passive voice. 1. People speak English in many countries. 2. He doesn't finish the homework on time. 3. Do you water these flowers every morning? 4. Who does the teacher praise most in class? 1. English is spoken by people in many countries. 2. The homework is not finished by him on time. 3. Are these flowers watered by you every morning? 4. Who is praised most by the teacher in class? 一般过去时的被动语态 核心定义：一般过去时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去，且主语是动作的承受者。 构成：一般过去时的被动语态由“主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词（+by+动作执行者）”构成。 例句：The mobile phone has greatly influenced people's life since it was invented. 手机自发明以来极大地影响了人们的生活。 These books were written for children. 这些书是写给儿童的。 一、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. I __________ (tell) to clean my room last Saturday. 2. The problem __________ (solve) by the teacher yesterday. 3.The news ______________ (announce) on TV an hour ago. 4.The door __________ (lock) by someone before we arrived. 5.The tickets __________ (sell) out before we got there. 6.My phone __________ (take) away by my dad because I used it a lot. 7.The car __________ (wash) by my brother every weekend. was told was announced was solved was locked were sold was taken Exercises is washed 1. My phone ________ while I was shopping yesterday. A. was stolen B. stole C. is stolen 2. Many emails ________ every day in our office. A. are sent B. were sent C. sent 3. The meeting ________ because the manager was ill. A. canceled B. was canceled C. is canceled 4. I ________ to join the school basketball team last year. A. invited B. am invited C. was invited 5. The rules must ________ carefully. A. follow B. be followed C. followed 二、单选题。 Exercises Must do: 1.记忆本节课的单词和短语，重点句型; 2.完成课后的相关练习。 Choose to do: 制作一张“家庭沟通海报” 请设计一张海报，主题为“How to Communicate Better with Parents”，内容包括： 3条有效沟通建议，使用被动语态； 1句鼓励的话；1幅简单插图或符号。 Homework Homework Thank you $