Unit 2 Growing pains and gains Understanding Ideas Grammar 课件- 2025-2026学年外研版八年级英语下册

Unit 2 Understanding ideas(Grammar) P23-24 Growing pains and gains By Jilian By Jilian By Jilian 1 1.Understand the basic structure and usage of the passive in the simple past tense.（学习理解） 2.Practice forming the simple past passive by rewriting active sentences into passive ones.（应用实践） 3.Apply the passive correctly in writing short messages or communication contexts.（迁移创新） In this class, you can By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Learn the new words. lazy sofa adj. 懒洋洋的，慵懒的 n. 长沙发 The lazy dog was carried to the sofa by its owner. 这只懒狗被它的主人抱到了沙发上。 By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Learn the new words. term n. 学期 A lot of time is spent on sports in our class this term. 这学期我们班的很多时间都用在了体育运动上。 spend v. 花(时间) By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Learn the new words. conversation n. 谈话，交谈，会话 A quiet conversation was heard in the next room just now. 刚才隔壁房间传来一阵轻声的交谈。 By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Learn the new words. disagreement n. 意见不合，分歧，争论 They had a small disagreement about where to go for lunch. 他们就去哪里吃午饭发生了一点小争执。 By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Let’s review the grammar rules. 1. 一般现在时 主动：do\does：We always clean the classroom. 被动：be+done: The classroom is always cleaned by us. 2. 一般将来时 主语：will + do 例：Tomorrow they will plant trees. 被动: will be+done 例：Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Read the sentences from the reading passage and summarise the grammar rules. 5 (a) I checked and saw that a yellow band was attached to her wrist. (b) I waited with her until she was taken home by a policewoman. 一般过去时被动语态 一般过去时被动语态 一般过去时的被动语态的肯定句结构： 主语 + was /were + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作的执行者)。 By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment 一般过去时被动语态 肯定句:was /were + 动词过去分词 Now find one more sentence with this structure in the reading passage. By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment 一般过去时被动语态 肯定句:was /were + 动词过去分词 Now find one more sentence with this structure in the reading passage. I checked and saw that a yellow band was attached to her wrist. The promise wasn’t kept, so you can’t stay out late next time. I waited with her until she was taken home by a policewoman. 否定句: was /were not + 动词过去分词 By Jilian By Jilian Let’s think and make a summary of the grammar rules. Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment （1）A policeman took her home.(主动语态) （2）She was taken home by a policeman.(被动语态) Disscussion 主动变被动规则： 1. 换主语 主动句的宾语 → 被动句的主语 （例：her → She） 2. 变动词 主动句谓语 → be动词 + 动词过去分词 （be 时态与主动句一致，和新主语保持一致,且需要判断宾语的单复数） （例：took → was taken） 3. *加by短语 主动句的主语 → by + 动作发出者 （例：a policeman → by a policeman） 请将下列主动句变为被动句： 1. She wrote a short story last night. 2. Alice planted many trees in the park. 3. He broke the window with a ball. A short story was written by her last night. Many trees were planted in the park by Alice . The window was broken with a ball by him . By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment 根据时态变化的规则，可以将一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的主动语态和被动语态的结构总结如下（以 do 为例）： 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do / does am / is / are + done 一般过去时 did was / were + done 一般将来时 will / be (am / is / are) going to + do will + be + done / be going to + be + done Let’s make a summary of the grammar rules. By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment 根据时态变化的规则，可以将一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的主动语态和被动语态的结构总结如下（以 do 为例）：请默写在练习纸上 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do / does am / is / are + done 一般过去时 did was / were + done 一般将来时 will / be (am / is / are) going to + do will + be + done/ be (am / is / are) going to + be + done Let’s make a summary of the grammar rules. By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment 主动语态变被动语态 The boy swept the floor yesterday. The floor was swept by the boy yesterday. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 主语 谓语（被动） 宾语 状语 口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词变被动。 By Jilian By Jilian 被动语态的肯定句形式、否定句形式和疑问句形式总结如下（以 do 为例）： Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 肯定句形式 主语 + am /is/are + done 主语 + was /were + done 主语 + will /be (am /is/are) going to + be + done 否定句形式 主语 + am /is/are + not + done 主语 + was /were + not + done 主语 + will not /be (am /is/are) not going to + be + done By Jilian By Jilian 被动语态的肯定句形式、否定句形式和疑问句形式总结如下（以 do 为例）： Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 一般疑问句形式 Am / Is / Are + 主语 + done Was / Were + 主语 + done Will + 主语 + be + done; Be (Am / Is / Are) + 主语 + going to + be + done 特殊疑问句形式 特殊疑问词 + am /is/are + 主语 + done 特殊疑问词 + was /were + 主语 + done 特殊疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + done; 特殊疑问词 + be (am /is/are) + 主语 + going to + be + done By Jilian By Jilian Let’s practise in oral. Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment A policewoman took Linda home. 主动语态 被动语态 Linda was taken home by a policewoman. 改为一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答 Was Linda taken home by a policewoman? Yes, she was. No, she wasn’t. 对划线部分的内容进行提问并回答 — Who was taken home by a policewoman? — Linda. By Jilian By Jilian Let’s practise in oral. Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment 主动语态 被动语态 改为一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答 对划线部分的内容进行提问并回答 The children made a card for the teacher with colored paper yesterday. A card was made for the teacher with colored paper by the children yesterday. Was a card made for the teacher with colored paper by the children yesterday? What was made for the teacher yesterday? Yes, it was. No, it wasn’t. A card. By Jilian By Jilian Tips： Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment 1. “不及物动词+介词/副词”构成的短语用于被动语态时，要把它们作为整体看待，介词或副词不可漏掉，也不可与该结构中的动词拆开。 e.g. The cake was divided into five pieces. I was woken up at 5 this morning. By Jilian By Jilian Tips： Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可将主动句中的直接宾语(指物)或间接宾语(指人)变为被动句中的主语。如果把主动句中的直接宾语变为被动句中的主语，则需在间接宾语前加适当的介词to或for。 主动句： The owner of the shop gave the girl some coins． 被动句： Some coins were given to the girl by the owner of the shop.   (直接宾语作主语) The girl was given some coins by the owner of the shop. (间接宾语作主语) 主语 谓语 By Jilian By Jilian Tips： Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment 3. 有些动词常用其主动形式表示被动意义，常见的有： ① sell, wash, write等用作不及物动词，且常与表示效果或程度的副词连用。 e.g. This pen writes well. ②表示感觉、知觉的系动词feel, sound, taste, smell等。 e.g. The silk scarf feels soft. By Jilian By Jilian Tips： Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment 4. 在主动句中，使役动词(如make等)和感官动词(如see, watch, notice, hear等)后面常接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语；但在被动句中，这些词后面的动词不定式都需要带to。 e.g. The boss made them work nearly 14 hours a day. → They were made to work nearly 14 hours a day by the boss. I noticed a little boy walk into the restaurant. → A little boy was noticed to walk into the restaurant by me. By Jilian By Jilian Tips： Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment 5.结构缺一不可，必含was/were + 过去分词 否定句在 was/were 后加 not，不可省略 be 动词，也不能将过去分词换成过去式。 eg.：正确→The cup wasn't broken. 杯子没被打碎。 错误→The cup broken. / The cup wasn't broke. By Jilian By Jilian Tips： Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment 6.主谓一致，was/were 随主语单复数变化 单数 / 不可数主语用 was，复数主语用 were，否定形式同理（wasn't/weren't）。 例：The pen wasn't lost.（单数）/ The pens weren't lost.（复数） By Jilian By Jilian Tips： Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment 7.be 动词后必须用过去分词(done)，切勿与过去式混淆. 这是被动语态的核心，不规则动词的过去分词需单独牢记，不可用过去式替代。 例：正确→The window was broken. 窗户被打碎了。 错误→The window was breaked/break. By Jilian By Jilian Tips： Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment 8.by + 动作执行者的省略原则 否定句中，若不知道 / 无需提及执行者，直接省略 by，不用强行加 by sb.，避免冗余。 例：正确→The book wasn't returned. 书没被归还。 错误→The book wasn't returned by someone. By Jilian By Jilian Tips： Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment 9.时间状语的搭配，需用过去时间标志 否定句仍需搭配一般过去时的时间状语（yesterday/last.../ago/just now 等），不可与现在时时间连用。 e.g. ：正确→It wasn't found yesterday. 它昨天没被找到。 错误→It wasn't found every day. By Jilian By Jilian Tips： Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment 10.否定句的句式变换，只变 was/were，过去分词不变 变一般疑问句将 was/were 提前，变特殊疑问句用 “疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词”，过去分词始终保持原形。 e.g. 否定句→The letter wasn't sent. 一般疑问句→Was the letter sent? 特殊疑问句→Why wasn't the letter sent? By Jilian By Jilian Tips： Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment 11.不可用于被动语态的动词，无需强行变被动 表示状态 / 归属的动词（have/own/belong to/like 等），无被动形式，即使是过去时，也只能用主动。 e.g. 正确→He didn't have a bike. 他当时没有自行车。 （不可说 A bike wasn't had by him.） 改正句子： 1. This book is belonged to my sister. 2.The cute dog is liked by me very much. belongs I like the cute dog very much. By Jilian By Jilian Tips： Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Rewrite the sentences in the passive in the simple past. 6 1. Betty’s dad didn’t allow her to have a lazy day on the sofa. __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 2. Robert’s mum turned down his idea of hiking alone in the mountains. __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ Betty wasn’t allowed to have a lazy day on the sofa (by her dad). Robert’s idea of hiking alone in the mountains was turned down (by his mum). 拒绝 By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Rewrite the sentences in the passive in the simple past. 6 3. Sarah’s parents hid her birthday presents in their bedroom. __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ Sarah’s birthday presents were hidden in her parents’ bedroom (by her parents). By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Complete the messages with the correct form of the words and expression in brackets. 7 am cut off was done was spent was drawn take ... away 把...拿走 stay in touch with与...保持联系 cut off from与...断联 spend time on...在..上花时间 at times 时不时地，有时 be drawn away 被吸引走，被分散 优质的 家庭时光 By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment am cut off was done was spent was drawn Think and share. 1. What was the problem between Samantha and her dad? Samantha's dad took her phone away and she wanted to have it back. 2. What caused the problem? Her dad thought it was bad for her eyes and their family time. 3. How did it end? Her dad suggested that they put their phones down for a while every day and had a family conversation. 4. Have you had a difficult experience with your parents, just like Samantha and her dad? By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Write a story about a difficult experience with your parents. 8 By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Write a story about a difficult experience with your parents. 8 When it happened：写具体时间，让故事更真实。 What caused it：说明矛盾起因。 How it ended：写矛盾的解决方式。 What I learnt：总结收获。 一、填充框架（明确要素） 二、串联内容（形成故事） 开头：点明时间 + 事件。 中间：详细写矛盾的发生、你的情绪，以及如何主动沟通。 结尾：写结局 + 感悟，呼应 “学到的道理”。 By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Write a story about a difficult experience with your parents. 8 What caused it When it happened Earlier, I promised my parents to do homework first after school. But after a busy day, I felt tired and just wanted to rest. However,my parents thought I should keep my promise. Last Friday By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Write a story about a difficult experience with your parents. 8 How it ended How I dealt with it My parents understood and comforted me. After we talked, a fair solution was reached: I could relax for 30 minutes before homework. I said sorry and explained my feelings How it ended It's important to express myself clearly and listen to others patiently. By Jilian By Jilian Sample： Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment A difficult experience with my parents Last Friday, something unhappy happened. Earlier, I promised my parents to do homework first after school. But after a busy day, I felt tired and just wanted to rest. However, my parents thought I should keep my promise. They kept asking me to do my homework. I felt sad and shouted at them. This made everyone unhappy. Later, I calmed down. I said sorry and explained my feelings. My parents understood and comforted me. After we talked, a fair solution was reached: I could relax for 30 minutes before homework. Now I know: it's important to express myself clearly and listen to others patiently By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Evaluation Criteria Items Points Yes No Content Cover 4 aspects: what caused it how I dealt with it How it ended what I learnt Language Use proper tense. Use various sentence patterns and expressions. Organization Use linking words to make sentences more logical. Handwriting Use correct punctuation(标点). Write neatly and clearly. By Jilian By Jilian Your wirting time： Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment By Jilian By Jilian Language points. Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment 1. You can’t just take me phone away...你不能就这样把我的手机拿走 核心短语：take sth away = take away sth 拿走；带走；剥夺 注意：代词作宾语时，必须放在take 和away的中间 例：take it away / take them away ✔ take away it / take away them❌ 翻译句子：你不应该随便拿走别人的东西。 2. But now I am cut off from them!...但是现在我跟他们失去了联系！ 核心短语：be cut off from 与...隔绝；与...失去联系；被切断与...的往来 注意：from后可加人/地点/事物，（人称代词宾格、名词、地名） 例：The village is cut off from the outside. 这个村子与外界隔绝了。 用正确形式填空： The small town____________________the city because of the heavy rain You shouldn’t take other people’s things away. is cut off from By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment 1. Betty’s dad didn’t allow her to have a lazy day on the sofa. Betty的爸爸不允许她懒洋洋地在沙发上耗一整天。 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 allow doing sth. 允许做某事 e.g. Mrs Black allows her son to play computer games on weekends. 布莱克夫人允许她的儿子在周末玩电脑游戏。 补充： By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Practice 【语境应用】根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词。 1) 他父母不会允许他在外面待到很晚。 His parents won’t _______ _______ _______ _______ out late. 2) 我们不允许在英语考试中使用词典。 We don’t _______ _______ a dictionary in the English exam.  allow him to stay  allow using By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment 3. Can I have my phone back, please?...请问我能拿回我的手机吗？ 核心短语：have sth. back 要回某物；拿回某物；找回某物 注意：宾语和代词都只能放在中间 礼貌请求句型：Can I have +某物+ back, please? 4. At times, your attention was drawn away during family meals. 核心短语：at times 有时；偶尔 可替换成sometimes / from time to time 注意：一般放在句首（逗号隔开）或句末；time需要加 s 使用 例：He can easily get nervous at times. 他有时很容易变得紧张。 （ ）I lost my key this morning. I hope I can ______. A. have back it B. have it back C. have back them D. have them back B 同义句转换： Sometimes I go to school by bike. = ______ ______, I go to school by bike. At times By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment 5. It helps me stay in touch with my friends after school. 它(手机)能帮我放学后和朋友们保持联系。 be / stay / keep in touch with sb. 与某人保持联系 get in touch with sb. 与某人取得联系 lose touch with sb. 与某人失去联系 e.g. Anyway, we must stay in touch. 不管怎样，我们一定要保持联系。 By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Practice 【语境应用】根据所讲内容将下列汉语句子翻译成英语。 1) 我也会想念你们的。咱们保持联系。 _________________________________________________ 2) 我和很多老朋友失去了联系。 _________________________________________________ 3) 我今天下午曾试图与你取得联系。 _________________________________________________ I’ll miss you, too. Let’s keep in touch. I lost touch with many old friends. I tried to get in touch with you this afternoon. By Jilian By Jilian Let’s practice. Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment On his way back home, the son’s phone 1. (leave) at Jiacheng’s house. When he returned to get it, he noticed an old woman who 2.__________________ (lose). The woman 3.__________________ (wear) a thin blouse, so the son gave her his jacket. Her address 4. (not tell) to the son, but he found her information on a yellow band. Finally, the old woman 5.__________________ (take) home by a policewoman. was left was lost was wearing wasn’t told was taken You just don’t get me! By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Choose. 1. —You are unusually quiet, Jack. What’s the matter? —I ________ by Mum just now. A. am punished B. was punishing C. was punished D. punished 2. —Did you go to Jack’s birthday party? —No, I ________. A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. didn’t invite 3. —The trees in the photo look so wonderful. Where _ the photo _? —In my hometown. It is a place with natural beauty. A. did; take B. was; taken C. does; take D. are; taken By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Choose. 4. There was little time left in the meeting, so Dr Robot ________ to cut down his speech to 20 minutes. A. told B. was told C. was telling D. is told 5. Paper ________ by Cai Lun in the Han Dynasty, and it’s one of the greatest inventions in China. A. invented B. is invented C. was invented D. will be invented 6. The Winter Olympic Games ________ in Beijing in 2022. It was a great success. A. hold B. held C. were held D. are held By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Rewrite. 1. The storm knocked down the old tree. → The old tree _____ _______ _____ by the storm. 2. The company didn't sell the product last year. → The product ____ ____ ____ by the company last year. 3. Did the teacher correct your homework? → ______ your homework _________ by the teacher? 4. How did they solve the problem? → How ____ the problem ______? was knocked down was not sold Was corrected was solved By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Fill the blanks. 1. I ______________(remind) of my old friend by this warm story just now. 2. A lot of kind people _________ (meet) by Robert during his work. 3. The important note ____________ (attach) to the front page of his homework. 4. These letters __________(send) to their parents by the students yesterday afternoon. 5. My old book ___________(throw) away by my brother last week. 6. The problem ___________(solve) by the engineer yesterday. was reminded were met was attached were sent was thrown was solved By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Fill the blanks. 1. The storm knocked down the old tree. → The old tree ______ _________ _______ by the storm. 2. The company didn't sell the product last year. → The product ______ ______ ______ by the company last year. 3. Did the teacher correct your homework? → ______ your homework _________ by the teacher? 4. How did they solve the problem? → How ______ the problem ________? was knocked down was not sold Was corrected was solved By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Choose. 1. A new bridge ______ over the river last year. A. built B. was built C. is built D. will be built 2.The classroom ______ by the students after school yesterday. A. cleaned B. was cleaned C. is cleaned D. cleans 3. The sports meeting ______ because of the bad weather yesterday. A. cancels B. canceled C. was canceled D. were canceled 4. These pictures ______ on the Great Wall last summer. A. are taken B. were taken C. taken D. took 5. The work ______ in two hours. Let’s hurry. A. was finished B. must finish C. must be finished D. finished By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Fill the blanks. Ⅰ. 根据语境及括号内所给的词语提示填空。 1. It’s said that tea __________(drink) for the first time about 5,000 years ago. 2. Jenny __________(ask) to clean the fridge and she accepted. 3. These cookies __________(make) by my sister yesterday morning. 4. The door __________(lock) so we had to wait outside the classroom. was drunk was asked were made was locked By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Fill the blanks. 5. His novels _____________(translate) into many different languages last year. 6. These beautiful flowers _____________(not plant) by me, but I once took care of them. 7. The fruit on the shelf _____________(sell) well every day. 8. Mr. Smith created a new game. Soon all his students _____________(teach) rules to play it. were translated weren’t planted sells were taught By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Ⅱ. 根据括号内的要求完成下列各题，每空一词(含缩略形式)。 1. The tall building was designed by a young man.  (改为否定句) The tall building ________ ________ by a young man. 2. The photos in my WeChat Moment were taken by my brother.        (改为一般疑问句) ________ the photos in your WeChat Moment ________ by your brother? wasn’t designed Were taken By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Choose. 3. Students put up the pictures on the wall yesterday.  (改为被动语态) The pictures ________ ________ ________ on the wall by students yesterday. 4. We saw the tall man enter the office.  (改为被动语态) The tall man ________ ________ ________ ________ the office by us. 5. A model plane was sent to me by John.  (改为主动语态) John ________ ________ a model plane. were put up was seen to enter sent me By Jilian By Jilian Lead in Pre-learning While-learning Post-learning Diversify assessment Choose. By Jilian By Jilian Write 5 passive voice sentences, using the phrases from the text. 用一般过去时的被动语态写五个句子。 Write a story about a difficult experience with your parents, using the words and expressions from the reading passage and useful expressions. 使用一般过去时的被动语态表述与父母产生矛盾的一次经历。 By Jilian By Jilian Thank you! By Jilian By Jilian 63 $