热点押题02 科技创新类(阅读理解) （天津专用）2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲练测

猜押热点专题02传科技创新类（阅读理解） 试题前瞻·能力先查 一、新质生产力与科技强国战略引领。《关于发展新质生产力推进高质量发展的意见》明确“以科技创新引领产业升级，加快数字技术与实体经济深度融合”。2025-2026年教育部持续将“数字素养、科技伦理、创新意识”纳入中小学育人核心指标。高考作为教育“指挥棒”，必然将“科技创新与数字时代”转化为命题语境，通过英语语篇传递科技自立自强理念，引导青少年树立科技自信与数字责任意识，契合国家战略落地的教育使命。 二、新课标“人与社会”主题强化。2025年修订的《普通高中英语课程标准》将“人与社会”列为三大主题语境之一，新增“科技发展、数字文明、创新实践”等子主题，要求“试题选材贴近时代前沿，聚焦科技伦理、数字安全、创新精神与合作探究”。新课标强调“用英语讲好中国科技故事”，强化“立德树人”，突出对科技伦理、数字公民素养、跨文化科技交流的考查，为2026年命题划定核心方向。 三、“科技+教育”融合政策落地。近年高考命题全面落实“科技创新与数字素养”融合要求:人工智能教育--新增AI 伦理、AI辅助学习、生成式AI利弊辨析等热点，考查数字时代的理性判断与应用能力。数字素养--聚焦网络安全、信息辨别、数字鸿沟、数据隐私，强化“数字公民”责任；前沿科技--量子计算、航天成就、新能源技术、智慧城市、机器人成为命题新增长点；科技伦理--探讨人机关系、科技向善、知识产权、数据共享，呼应“科技赋能与价值引领”的双重目标。 分析有理·押题有据 “闪电”夺得2026人形机器人半马冠军 4月19日，2026北京亦庄半程马拉松暨人形机器人半程马拉松开跑。全球超百支赛队、300余台机器人与1.2万名人类跑者同场竞技，规模较去年增近5倍。荣耀齐天大圣队“闪电”机器人以50分26秒夺冠，成绩超越人类半马世界纪录。赛事首次规模化应用自主导航技术，机器人步态、续航、算法全面升级。本次赛事以赛促研、以赛促产，为人形机器人技术落地提供实战考场，彰显中国具身智能产业的快速突破与科创实力，为未来产业发展注入新动能。 “闪电”夺得2026人形机器人半马冠军 Champion Crowned at 2026 Beijing E-Town Half Marathon and Humanoid Robot Half Marathon The 2026 Beijing E-Town Half Marathon and Humanoid Robot Half Marathon officially took place on April 19. As the second edition of the world's first branded(品牌化) humanoid robot half marathon which made its debut in 2025, the event has established itself as an influential global platform for testing and advancing humanoid robot technologies. After fierce competition, Shandian (Lightning), developed by Team MonkeyKing under Honor, took the championship with an impressive time of 50 minutes and 26 seconds. This result represents a dramatic breakthrough compared with the 2025 winning time of nearly two hours and 41 minutes, and beats the current men's world record for the human half marathon. It fully reflects the rapid progress of robots in running speed, dynamic balance and stamina. The 21.0975-kilometer race started at Kechuang 17th Street and finished at Nanhaizi Park, covering several well-known landmarks in the Beijing Economic Technological Development Area, including Robot World, Paulownia Boulevard and BOE's headquarters. Featuring more than ten types of terrain such as flat roads, slopes, curves and narrow sections, the course offered a demanding real-world challenge for the competing robots. Participants were divided into fully autonomous robots and remotely controlled robots. To encourage the development of independent intelligent technologies, the actual finishing time of remotely controlled robots was multipliedby a 1.2 coefficient (系数). Meanwhile, nearly 40 percent of the teams used fully autonomous robots this year, a marked rise from the previous year. The event is more than a sports competition. It embodies the concept of promoting research, industrialization and application through competitions, providing a valuable real-scenario test for embodied intelligence (具身智能). It also highlights China's steady progress in the research and development of humanoid robots, supporting the innovative development of the global high-end equipment industry. 1. What can we learn about the event from Paragraph 1? A. It was first held to promote international robot brands. B. It has been running smoothly for at least three years. C. It is the world's oldest humanoid robot marathon. D. It has become an influential platform for related technology. 2. Why is the achievement of Shandian in Paragraph 2 mainly mentioned? A. To prove robots have fully replaced humans in long-distance running. B. To show the robot's major progress in key physical abilities. C. To imply the 2025 champion was technically outdated. D. To predict human marathon records will be broken soon. 3. Which of the following is true according to the text? A. All participating robots must be remotely controlled. B. The race route only covers simple and flat urban roads. C. A weighting system is used for some robots' results. D. Most teams chose fully autonomous robots this year. 4. What does the underlined word "demanding" in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Difficult. B. Easy. C. Popular. D. Powerful. 5. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To promote a latest humanoid robot product. B. To compare different technologies in robot races. C. To introduce a tech-themed sports event. D. To explain how AI industrialization is promoted. 【答案】1.D 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了 2026 北京亦庄半程马拉松暨人形机器人半程马拉松的举办情况、机器人“闪电”夺冠的优异成绩、赛事的赛道设置、参赛机器人的分组与计分规则，同时说明了该项赛事对人形机器人技术研发、产业化以及具身智能实景测试的重要意义。 1. 细节理解题。本题要求从第一段中提取关于赛事的正确信息。根据第一段内容，该赛事是 2025 年首次举办的全球首个品牌化人形机器人半程马拉松，2026 年为第二届，并且已经成为检验和推动人形机器人技术发展的具有影响力的全球平台。A 选项认为赛事最初举办是为了推广国际机器人品牌，原文并未提及相关目的，属于无中生有；B 选项称赛事已顺利举办至少三年，而原文明确 2025 年首办、2026 年第二届，仅两年时间，与事实不符；C 选项表示这是世界上历史最悠久的人形机器人马拉松，原文表述为 “全球首个品牌化”，并非 “历史最悠久”，概念理解错误；D 选项指出赛事已成为相关技术的有影响力平台，与原文表述完全一致，因此 D 为正确答案。 2. 细节理解题。本题考查文中提及机器人 “闪电” 成绩的主要原因。文章第二段详细介绍了 “闪电” 以 50 分 26 秒夺冠，相比 2025 年近 2 小时 41 分的成绩实现巨大突破，甚至超越了人类男子半程马拉松世界纪录，段落最后明确指出这一成绩充分体现了机器人在奔跑速度、动态平衡和耐力方面的快速进步。A 选项认为是为了证明机器人在长跑中已完全取代人类，原文没有任何相关表述，说法过于绝对且错误；C 选项称意在暗示 2025 年的冠军技术已经过时，文章仅对比成绩体现进步，并未评价往届冠军技术是否过时；D 选项表示是为了预测人类马拉松纪录即将被打破，原文无预测相关内容；B 选项说明此举是为了展现机器人在关键运动能力上的重大进步，符合原文的表达意图，因此 B 为正确答案。 3. 细节理解题。本题需要判断符合原文内容的正确表述。根据文章第四段内容，参赛机器人分为全自动和遥控两类，为鼓励自主智能技术发展，遥控机器人的实际完赛时间需乘以 1.2 的系数，今年近 40% 的队伍使用全自动机器人，较去年有明显提升。A 选项称所有参赛机器人都必须是遥控控制，与分组参赛的事实矛盾；B 选项表示赛道仅包含简单平坦的城市道路，而第三段明确赛道有平坦路面、坡道、弯道、狭窄路段等十余种地形；D 选项认为今年大多数队伍选择了全自动机器人，近 40% 的比例未超过半数，并非 “大多数”；C 选项指出部分机器人的成绩采用了加权体系，对应遥控机器人成绩乘以系数的规则，符合原文内容，因此 C 为正确答案。 4. 词义猜测题。本题要求推测第三段中划线词“demanding”的含义。第三段提到本次赛事赛道包含十余种不同地形，有平坦道路、坡道、弯道以及狭窄路段等，复杂多样的地形会给参赛机器人带来严苛的现实考验，由此可以判断“demanding”在此处表示难度高、要求高的意思。A 选项 Difficult（困难的）与语境含义相符；B 选项 Easy（容易的）与原文表达的挑战意味完全相反；C 选项 Popular（受欢迎的）和 D 选项 Powerful（强大的）均与地形带来的难度无关，因此 A 为正确答案。 5. 主旨大意题。本题考查文章的主要写作目的。通读全文可知，文章围绕 2026 北京亦庄人形机器人半程马拉松展开，依次介绍了赛事的举办背景、冠军机器人与成绩、赛道特点、参赛规则以及赛事的技术与产业价值，整体是对这场科技主题体育赛事的全面介绍。A 选项认为目的是推广最新的人形机器人产品，文章未针对单一产品做宣传；B 选项称是为了对比机器人赛事中的不同技术，文章未展开技术对比；D 选项表示是为了解释 AI 产业化如何推进，这只是赛事意义的一部分，并非全文核心目的；C 选项指出文章旨在介绍一场科技主题的体育赛事，准确概括了全文内容与写作意图，因此 C 为正确答案。 【全文翻译】 2026 北京亦庄半程马拉松暨人形机器人半程马拉松于4月19 日正式开赛。该赛事作为2025年首次举办的全球首个品牌化人形机器人半程马拉松的第二届，已成为检验和推动人形机器人技术发展的重要国际性平台。 经过激烈角逐，荣耀旗下猴王团队研发的人形机器人“闪电”，以50分26秒的优异成绩斩获冠军。这一成绩相较于2025年近2小时41分的夺冠成绩实现了跨越式突破，甚至超越了当前男子半程马拉松人类世界纪录，充分展现了机器人在奔跑速度、动态平衡与耐力方面的飞速进步。 本次赛事全程 21.0975公里，赛道起点设于科创17街，终点为南海子公园，途经北京经济技术开发区内机器人世界、泡桐大道、京东方总部等多处知名地标。赛道包含平坦路面、坡道、弯道、狭窄路段等十余种地形，为参赛机器人设置了严苛的现实场景挑战。 参赛机器人分为全自动机器人与遥控机器人两大组别。为鼓励自主智能技术发展，遥控机器人的实际完赛成绩需乘以1.2的系数计算。本届赛事中，近四成参赛队伍采用全自动机器人，较上一年度有显著提升。 该项赛事不仅是一场体育竞技，更践行了“以赛促研、以赛促产、以赛促用”的理念，为具身智能技术提供了宝贵的实景测试场景。赛事也彰显了中国人形机器人研发领域的稳步发展，助力全球高端装备产业的创新发展。 【障碍单词】 45 / 45 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 crowned /kraʊnd/v.为……加冕；宣告夺冠 debut /ˈdeɪbjuː/n. 首次亮相；初次举办 influential /ˌɪnfluˈenʃl/adj. 有影响力的 fierce /fɪəs/adj. 激烈的；猛烈的 dramatic /drəˈmætɪk/adj.巨大的；显著的 breakthrough /ˈbreɪkθruː/n. 突破 dynamic /daɪˈnæmɪk/adj. 动态的 balance /ˈbæləns/n. 平衡 stamina /ˈstæmɪnə/n. 耐力；体力 terrain /təˈreɪn/n. 地形；地势 slope /sləʊp/n. 斜坡；坡道 autonomous /ɔːˈtɒnəməs/adj.自主的；自治的 coefficient /ˌkəʊɪˈfɪʃnt/n. 系数 markedly /ˈmɑːkɪdli/adv. 显著地 embody /ɪmˈbɒdi/v. 体现；包含 industrialization /ɪnˌdʌstriəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/n. 产业化 application /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/n. 应用 highlight /ˈhaɪlaɪt/v. 强调；突出 steady /ˈstedi/adj. 稳定的 innovative /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/adj. 创新的 密押预测·精练通关 Passage 1 （25-26高三·全国·二轮复习卷）ByteDance’s Seedance 2.0: A New Star in AI Video In early February 2026, ByteDance’s latest AI video model, Seedance 2.0, captured global attention. It is celebrated for its powerful capabilities, becoming one of the most discussed tech topics. What makes Seedance 2.0 stand out? It can generate both video and synchronized sound simultaneously, producing remarkably natural results. Its key advantage is multi-lens storytelling (多镜头叙事). From a short text or a single image, it can produce coherent scenes while maintaining consistency in characters, lighting, and style. The model also supports 2K resolution (分辨率) and accepts various inputs, making video creation more efficient.  Compared with competitors such as OpenAI’s Sora, Seedance 2.0 demonstrates strong performance in both speed and output quality. Industry experts view it as a powerful tool for creators rather than a replacement boosting sectors such as media, short-term drama, and digital content creation. However, its launch swiftly triggered intense ethical (伦理的) debates. A major concern arose when tests showed that the model could generate realistic videos, including matching voices, from just a portrait photo. This raised immediate alarms about impersonation (身份冒用) and privacy risks, prompting ByteDance to quickly suspend the specific feature. Alongside these ethical challenges, the technology still faces technical issues like occasional unnatural movement. Seedance 2.0 marks a significant step in AI video development, highlighting the rapid progress of the field and China’s rising role in global AI innovation. It underscores the critical question of how to harness such powerful technology safely and responsibly. 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．The history of Seedance 2.0. B．The global influence of ByteDance. C．The immediate popularity of Seedance 2.0. D．The detailed functions of AI video models. 2．What is Seedance 2.0’s key advantage? A．Its low cost for daily users. B．Its multi-lens storytelling ability. C．Its ability to work without the Internet. D．Its compatibility with all video software. 3．Why did ethical debates break out after Seedance 2.0’s launch? A．It produced videos of poor quality. B．It took the place of human creators completely. C．It cost too much for ordinary companies. D．It could create realistic videos and voices from only a photo. 4．What did ByteDance do to deal with the serious concern? A．It stopped the related high-risk feature. B．It improved the video speed immediately. C．It lowered the price of the model. D．It made the technology open to the public. 5．What is the author’s attitude toward Seedance 2.0? A．Completely negaive. B．Strongly doubtful. C．Objective and rational. D．Fully supportive. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了字节跳动公司最新推出的人工智能视频模型 Seedance 2.0，阐述了其强大功能、核心优势，同时指出该技术引发的伦理争议、公司的应对措施以及其在全球 AI 创新领域的重要意义。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In early February 2026, ByteDance’s latest AI video model, Seedance 2.0, captured global attention. It is celebrated for its powerful capabilities, becoming one of the most discussed tech topics. (2026年2月初，字节跳动最新的AI视频模型Seedance 2.0吸引了全球关注。它以其强大的功能而闻名，成为最受讨论的科技话题之一)”可知，第一段主要介绍了Seedance 2.0的迅速走红。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Its key advantage is multi-lens storytelling (多镜头叙事). (它的关键优势是多镜头叙事)”可知，Seedance 2.0的关键优势是多镜头叙事能力。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“A major concern arose when tests showed that the model could generate realistic videos, including matching voices, from just a portrait photo. This raised immediate alarms about impersonation (身份冒用) and privacy risks, prompting ByteDance to quickly suspend the specific feature. (当测试显示该模型仅凭一张肖像照片就能生成逼真的视频，包括匹配的声音时，引发了人们的重大担忧。这立即引发了对身份冒用和隐私风险的警报，促使字节跳动迅速暂停了该特定功能)”可知，伦理争议爆发的原因是该模型能仅凭照片生成逼真视频和声音。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段“This raised immediate alarms about impersonation (身份冒用) and privacy risks, prompting ByteDance to quickly suspend the specific feature. (这立即引发了关于冒充和隐私风险的警报，促使字节跳动迅速暂停了该特定功能)”可知，字节跳动暂停了相关高风险功能。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“It is celebrated for its powerful capabilities, becoming one of the most discussed tech topics.(它以其强大的功能而闻名，成为讨论最多的技术话题之一)”、第二段“Industry experts view it as a powerful tool for creators rather than a replacement boosting sectors such as media, short-term drama, and digital content creation.(行业专家认为，它是创作者的强大工具，而不是媒体、短期戏剧和数字内容创作等推动行业发展的替代品)”以及第三段“However, its launch swiftly triggered intense ethical (伦理的) debates.(然而，它的推出迅速引发了激烈的伦理争论)”可知，作者客观描述了Seedance 2.0的技术优势及其引发的伦理争议，作者对Seedance 2.0既不片面否定也不盲目支持，态度理性客观。故选C项。 Passage 2 （2026·天津·模拟预测）AI and Energy: Is AI Increasing Power Demand? AI consumes large amounts of energy: a single ChatGPT response uses around 10 times the electricity of a Google search, and its more than 400 million weekly active users increase demand. DeepSeek claimed higher energy efficiency but also faced doubts, keeping AI’s energy use a persistent concern. Here is the daily energy comparison between ChatGPT and Google search. Operation Type Energy Per Search Daily Energy Use ChatGPT Response 0.0029 kWh 621.4 MWh Google Search 0.0003 kWh 10.8 MWh Given the energy consumption, AI adoption won’t slow as firms view it as essential, so a smart strategy is needed to employ AI’s benefits while meeting sustainable goals. Luckily, industry experts are developing various solutions to address this challenge. Hardware upgrades Use power-limited, carbon-efficient hardware (e.g., IBM’s 2025 new chips) to cut energy Simple Models Firms choose smaller, low-energy, cost-effective models for specific needs. Potential Solutions Efficient Training End underperforming models training early; design models for energy efficiency (sustainable design) Renewable Energy Build data centers near regions rich in renewable energy. Open Source AI firms share energy-saving tools instead of competing privately. The AI-related energy risks have gained visibility, triggering public awareness and action. Yet focusing on energy alone cannot break the cycle of compounding environmental and operational pressures. “To address AI-energy risks and unlock long-term value, companies and investors must move beyond their narrow roles in the AI value chain. They should pursue strategies that create shared value by advancing business goals while benefiting society and the environment,” notes Lauren Smart in World Economic Forum. 1．How much more daily energy does ChatGPT consume than Google Search? A．632.2MWh. B．621.4 MWh. C．610.6 MWh. D．10.8MWh. 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．ChatGPT has less than 400 million weekly active users. B．DeepSeek’s claim of higher energy efficiency was widely accepted. C．A Google search uses 10 times the electricity of a ChatGPT response. D．Firms will not slow down AI adoption as they consider it necessary. 3．Which of the following is an effective measure to cut AI energy use? A．Adopting energy-saving chips. B．Selecting larger models. C．Establishing more data centers. D．Encouraging firm competitions. 4．According to Lauren Smart, AI companies should adopt a mission that ________. A．creates shared value B．gains public recognition C．follows existing regulations D．maximizes investor’s profits 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the development history of AI technology. B．To compare the energy use of ChatGPT and Google Search. C．To discuss the energy risks of AI and the relevant solutions. D．To explain the reasons why AI is essential to companies. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．A 5．C 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能的能源风险及相关解决方案。 1．细节理解题。根据表格中ChatGPT Response对应的每日总能耗“621.4 MWh(621.4兆瓦时)”和ChatGPT Response对应的每日总能耗“10.8 MWh(10.8 兆瓦时)”可知，ChatGPT每日能耗比谷歌搜索多621.4 - 10.8 = 610.6(兆瓦时)。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第一个表格下面一段中“Given the energy consumption, AI adoption won’t slow as firms view it as essential(考虑到能源消耗，由于企业认为人工智能必不可少，其采用速度不会放缓)”可知，企业不会放缓采用人工智能的速度，因为他们认为这是必要的。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文中“Use power-limited, carbon-efficient hardware (e.g., IBM’s 2025 new chips) to cut energy(使用功率受限、碳效率高的硬件（例如，IBM 2025年的新芯片）来减少能源消耗)”可知，采用节能芯片是减少人工智能能源使用的有效措施。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“They should pursue strategies that create shared value by advancing business goals while benefiting society and the environment(他们应该采取既能推进商业目标，又能造福社会和环境的创造共享价值的策略)”可知，根据劳伦·斯马特的说法，人工智能公司应该采取创造共享价值的使命。故选A。 5．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据标题“AI and Energy: Is AI Increasing Power Demand?(人工智能与能源：AI 正在加剧电力需求吗？)”可知，文章先指出人工智能消耗大量能源这一现象，接着提到人工智能相关能源风险已引起关注，随后介绍了行业专家提出的各种解决方案，最后引用劳伦·斯马特的话强调公司应采取创造共享价值的策略。所以文章主要为了讨论人工智能的能源风险及相关解决方案。故选C。 Passage 3 （2026·天津·一模）A quantum battery (量子电池) has been built within a quantum computer, marking a significant step toward determining if it could one day power future quantum technologies. Conventional batteries store energy through chemical reactions. Quantum batteries, however, rely on tiny particles called quantum bits (qubits, 量子比特). Instead of chemicals, these batteries store energy by focusing on the various ways these particles can stay in at the same time — a phenomenon called superposition (叠加). This unique process may lead to better battery performance. Some studies have shown that using these special features can result in faster charging, but the practicality of such quantum batteries remains an open question. “Many future quantum technologies will need their own versions of batteries,” says Dian Tan, a researcher in Hefei, China. “While we have made great progress in building quantum computers, the way these systems store energy has not been fully explored.” Tan and his team built a prototype using 12 superconducting qubits arranged in a network, where energy was stored in the collective quantum state of the system. The researchers tested two different charging methods. One worked like a conventional battery, while the second one took advantage of the interactions between qubits. The team found that the second method allowed the battery to charge more efficiently, gaining more power in less time. This suggests that these unique interactions could be the key to better battery performance in the quantum world. Despite these promising lab results, translating them into practical advantages is challenging. “Comparing conventional batteries with quantum ones is difficult,” says Dominik Safranek at Charles University in the Czech Republic. In his view, the path from laboratory breakthroughs to everyday consumer products remains unclear. Tan sees his battery as a perfect match for future quantum computers. Now, the researchers want to combine their battery with a quantum heat engine. This device would produce energy to be stored in the battery, creating a self-sustaining system within a quantum computer. 1．How do quantum batteries store energy differently from conventional ones? A．By using different particle states. B．By improving chemical reactions. C．By adding more storage units. D．By reducing the battery size. 2．Why did Tan’s team test two different charging methods? A．To make the conventional battery system efficient. B．To find the best state for the quantum batteries. C．To simplify the conventional charging process. D．To explore the advantage of quantum interactions. 3．What is Dominik Safranek’s view on quantum batteries? A．Their value remains to be proven. B．Their performance is difficult to judge. C．Their practical application is challenging. D．Their lab result seems unsuccessful. 4．What will Tan’s team probably do next? A．Put the battery into a quantum computer. B．Build a new classical heat engine. C．Make their charging methods better. D．Link the battery to a heat engine. 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．The status and future of conventional batteries. B．The potential and challenges of quantum batteries. C．The chemical principles behind conventional storage. D．The guaranteed success of fast quantum charging. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了量子电池的储能原理、研究进展、潜在优势以及实际应用面临的挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Conventional batteries store energy through chemical reactions. Quantum batteries, however, rely on tiny particles called quantum bits. Instead of chemicals, these batteries store energy by focusing on the various ways these particles can stay in at the same time — a phenomenon called superposition.(传统电池通过化学反应储存能量。而量子电池则依赖一种叫作量子比特的微观粒子。这类电池不依靠化学物质，而是利用这些粒子同时处于多种状态的特性来储存能量——这种现象被称为叠加态)”可知，传统电池通过化学反应储能，量子电池依靠量子比特的粒子叠加态，即不同粒子状态的储能。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“The researchers tested two different charging methods. One worked like a conventional battery, while the second one took advantage of the interactions between qubits. The team found that the second method allowed the battery to charge more efficiently(研究人员测试了两种不同的充电方法。一种工作方式类似于传统电池，而第二种则利用了量子比特之间的相互作用。该团队发现，第二种方法能让电池充电效率更高)”可知，团队测试两种充电方式是为了探索量子相互作用的优势。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段“Despite these promising lab results, translating them into practical advantages is challenging. “Comparing conventional batteries with quantum ones is difficult,” says Dominik Safranek at Charles University in the Czech Republic. In his view, the path from laboratory breakthroughs to everyday consumer products remains unclear.(尽管这些实验室成果前景可观，但要将其转化为实际应用优势仍颇具挑战。 捷克查理大学的Dominik Safranek表示：“很难将传统电池与量子电池进行比较。”在他看来，从实验室突破走向日常消费产品的道路仍不明确)可知，Dominik Safranek认为量子电池实际应用具有挑战性。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Now, the researchers want to combine their battery with a quantum heat engine.(如今，研究人员想要将他们研制的电池与量子热机结合起来)”可知，团队下一步会将电池与量子热引擎连接。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。文章第一段“A quantum battery has been built within a quantum computer, marking a significant step toward determining if it could one day power future quantum technologies.(研究人员在量子计算机中研制出了量子电池，这标志着人类在探索它未来能否为量子技术供电方面迈出了重要一步)”是主旨句，后文围绕量子电池的原理、潜力与应用挑战展开，说明它有优势但实用化仍面临困难，由此可知，文章主要讲述了量子电池的潜力与挑战。故选B。 Passage 4 （25-26高三上·天津滨海新·月考）Being stuck in miles of stopped traffic is not a relaxing way to start or finish a holiday. And as we move slowly along the road, many of us will fantasize a future free of traffic jams. As a mathematician and motorist, I view traffic as a complex system, consisting of many interacting agents, including cars, trucks, cyclists and walkers. Sometimes these agents interact in a free-flowing way and at other times they simply come to a stop. All situations can be examined — and hopefully improved — using mathematical modeling. For instance, mathematical models tell us that if drivers kept within the variable speed limits on a motorway, traffic would flow consistently at, say, 50 mph. However, we tend to drive more aggressively (激进地), speeding up as soon as the opportunity arises — and being forced to slow down moments later. The result is greater fuel consumption and a longer overall journey time. Cooperative driving seems to go against human nature when we get behind the wheel. But could this change if our roads were taken over by driverless cars? In theory, driverless cars will typically drive within the speed limits, have faster reaction times allowing them to drive closer together and will behave less randomly than humans. Choosing the best route, accounting for barriers and traffic volume, driverless cars will behave in a more rational (理性的) way, as they can communicate with other cars and quickly change their route or driving behavior. Of course, even integrating driverless cars into the best modeling, we could still get to the point where there are simply too many cars on the road, and traffic jams can occur. Yet there is still potential for self-driving cars to help. Some car makers expect that eventually we will stop viewing cars as possessions and instead simply treat them as a transport service. Again, by applying mathematical modeling, we could make this shared autonomous vehicle service operate most efficiently, reducing the overall number of cars on the road. So a combination of driverless cars and mathematics might help navigate (导航) a smoother journey ahead. 1．What does the author think of traffic flow? A．It is unpredictable and uncontrollable. B．It depends heavily on drivers’ skills. C．It is affected by many factors. D．It follows strict patterns. 2．What is the major reason behind traffic problems? A．Poor traffic planning. B．Wild driving behavior. C．Terrible road conditions. D．Unreasonable speed limits. 3．How do you understand “cooperative driving” in paragraph 3? A．Driving with passengers. B．Driving that follows traffic rules. C．Driving that adjusts to others. D．Driving in large groups. 4．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about driverless cars? A．How they may ensure road safety. B．How they reduce fuel use. C．How they would improve traffic. D．How they could avoid barriers. 5．What might future transportation be like? A．Fewer private cars. B．Smarter navigation. C．More urban motorways. D．More efficient traffic rules. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨交通拥堵问题，并提出无人驾驶汽车与数学建模结合有望改善交通状况的观点。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As a mathematician and motorist, I view traffic as a complex system, consisting of many interacting agents, including cars, trucks, cyclists and walkers.(作为一名数学家和驾车者，我将交通视为一个复杂的系统，由许多相互作用的参与者组成，包括汽车、卡车、骑自行车的人和行人)”可知，作者认为交通流量受众多因素影响。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However, we tend to drive more aggressively (激进地), speeding up as soon as the opportunity arises — and being forced to slow down moments later. The result is greater fuel consumption and a longer overall journey time.(然而，我们往往驾驶得更激进，一有机会就加速——片刻之后又被迫减速。结果就是燃油消耗增加，整体行程时间变长)”可知，交通问题的主要原因是驾驶者激进、不规范的驾驶行为。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段语境，前文指出遵循动态限速能让交通平稳运行，而人们驾驶激进，加速后又被迫减速，这种驾驶方式与“cooperative driving”相悖。结合第四段“In theory, driverless cars will typically drive within the speed limits, have faster reaction times allowing them to drive closer together and will behave less randomly than humans. Choosing the best route, accounting for barriers and traffic volume, driverless cars will behave in a more rational (理性的) way, as they can communicate with other cars and quickly change their route or driving behavior.(理论上，无人驾驶汽车通常会在限速范围内行驶，反应速度也更快，能让车辆之间的行驶距离更近，且行驶行为相比人类而言更具规律性。 无人驾驶汽车会充分考量障碍物与交通流量状况，规划出最优行驶路线；同时，它们能够与其他车辆进行信息交互，并迅速调整行驶路线或驾驶行为，以此实现更理性的行驶操作)”可知，无人驾驶汽车能相互沟通、理性调整驾驶行为的特点可推知，“cooperative driving”指的是能与其他车辆协调、配合调整的驾驶方式。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“In theory, driverless cars will typically drive within the speed limits, have faster reaction times allowing them to drive closer together and will behave less randomly than humans. Choosing the best route, accounting for barriers and traffic volume, driverless cars will behave in a more rational (理性的) way, as they can communicate with other cars and quickly change their route or driving behavior.(理论上，无人驾驶汽车通常会在限速范围内行驶，反应速度更快，能够更紧密地排列行驶，且行为比人类更具规律性。无人驾驶汽车会计算障碍物和交通流量，选择最佳路线，它们能与其他车辆通信并快速调整路线或驾驶行为，表现得更加理性)”可知，该段主要说明无人驾驶汽车如何改善交通状况。故选C项。 5．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Some car makers expect that eventually we will stop viewing cars as possessions and instead simply treat them as a transport service. Again, by applying mathematical modeling, we could make this shared autonomous vehicle service operate most efficiently, reducing the overall number of cars on the road.(一些汽车制造商预计，最终我们将不再把汽车视为私有财产，而是将其视为一种交通服务。此外，通过应用数学建模，我们可以让这种共享自动驾驶汽车服务高效运行，减少道路上的汽车总数)”可知，未来的交通可能会出现私家车数量减少的情况。故选A项。 Passage 5 （25-26高二下·天津·月考）Last year scientists reported using a neural implant (神经植入物) in a man’s brain to restore his ability to communicate. The man has been partially paralyzed and unable to produce comprehensible speech since suffering a severe stroke. It is the latest advance in the exploding field of brain-computer interfaces (接口), or BCIs, which allow computers to read information out of a living brain. Brain-computer interfaces are possible because of two facts. The first is that your brain contains hundreds of tiny maps. Each represents specific features of your physical feelings and intended actions. And crucially, the basic set of brain maps and their locations within the brain are very similar across individuals. Thanks to their specialized functions and universal locations, brain maps are ideal entry points for BCI technologies. Picking up signals from a brain map is only the first step in making a useful BCI. Although the location of a brain map is the same across individuals, the details — what patterns of activity within the map mean — differ from person to person. In a sense, the unique features of your specific brain maps serve as a kind of encryption (加密), safeguarding your specific thoughts and feelings from would-be spies. That brings us to the second fact that makes BCIs possible. Thanks to advances in machine learning, scientists have developed programs that can learn to recognize key patterns in a vast sea of numbers. They train these programs to decode (解码) brain signals by feeding them tons of examples. Researchers developing BCIs often create such examples by instructing an individual to think specific thoughts at specific times, creating a neural curriculum for the program to learn from. While the universal features and locations of brain maps make them obvious entrances for BCIs, the unique features of your brain maps tend to protect them from spying eyes. In cases where BCIs have successfully read specific thoughts or intentions from a brain, it has been with the permission of the individual whose brain was being read. But there are surreptitious ways to train decoders on your brain without your knowledge. This can happen if your neural data falls into the hands of companies with detailed information about your activities. Like all technologies, brain-computer interfaces are not necessarily good or bad. Yet while harvesting the benefits of BCIs, we need to ensure that we have the means to protect ourselves from corporations with every motive to take advantage of this technology for their financial gain. 1．What can we know about the neural implant mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．It completely cured the man’s paralysis. B．It helped the man speak understandably again. C．It has been widely used in clinical applications. D．It can take the place of damaged brain maps. 2．What can we learn about brain maps? A．They carry unique characteristics B．They can process encrypted signals. C．Their functions vary from person to person. D．Their locations reveal human thinking patterns. 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．BCIs can boost brain signals dramatically. B．BCIs could help recover from brain injuries. C．Machine learning enables BCIs to read mind. D．The decoding of brain may be affected by BCIs. 4．What does the underlined word “surreptitious” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Secure. B．Stable. C．Standard. D．Secret. 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The future trend of BCIs. B．The potential risks of BCIs. C．The working principle of BCIs. D．The general applications of BCIs. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了脑机接口的工作原理、技术优势及潜在隐私风险，并呼吁做好自我保护。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Last year scientists reported using a neural implant (神经植入物) in a man’s brain to restore his ability to communicate.(去年，科学家报告称，通过在一名男子大脑中植入神经植入物，恢复了他的沟通能力。)”可知，神经植入物帮助这名男子恢复了交流能力，能再次说出可被理解的话。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In a sense, the unique features of your specific brain maps serve as a kind of encryption (加密), safeguarding your specific thoughts and feelings from would-be spies.(从某种意义上说，你独有的脑区特征相当于一种加密，保护你的想法和感受不被他人窥探。)”可知，大脑图谱具有每个人独有的特征。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Thanks to advances in machine learning, scientists have developed programs that can learn to recognize key patterns in a vast sea of numbers. They train these programs to decode (解码) brain signals by feeding them tons of examples.(得益于机器学习的进步，科学家已开发出能在海量数据中识别关键模式的程序。他们通过输入大量样本，训练这些程序解码大脑信号。)”可知，机器学习让脑机接口能够解码并读取大脑信息。故选C。 4．词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在语境“In cases where BCIs have successfully read specific thoughts or intentions from a brain, it has been with the permission of the individual whose brain was being read. But there are surreptitious ways to train decoders on your brain without your knowledge. This can happen if your neural data falls into the hands of companies with detailed information about your activities.(在已成功读取大脑特定想法或意图的案例中，都获得了受试者的许可。但也存在在你不知情的情况下……训练解码器的可能——如果你的神经数据落入掌握你行为细节的公司手中，就可能发生这种情况。)”可推测，该词意为在你不知情的情况下进行，即秘密的。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Last year scientists reported using a neural implant (神经植入物) in a man’s brain to restore his ability to communicate. The man has been partially paralyzed and unable to produce comprehensible speech since suffering a severe stroke. It is the latest advance in the exploding field of brain-computer interfaces (接口), or BCIs, which allow computers to read information out of a living brain.(去年，科学家报告称，通过在一名男子大脑中植入神经植入物，恢复了他的沟通能力。这名男子因严重中风后部分瘫痪，无法说出清晰可懂的话语。这是迅猛发展的脑机接口（BCI）领域的最新进展——该技术能让计算机从活的大脑中读取信息。)”以及全文内容可知，文章先介绍脑机接口的原理，再讲隐私风险，核心围绕BCI 的工作原理展开。故选C。 Passage 6 （25-26高三上·天津·月考）I never planned to fake my data. My project involved interviewing the customers who were visiting a games shop in central London, then measuring the distance they had travelled. Arriving at the location with a clipboard, I realized that I didn’t have the nerve. I went home and began to dream up some realistic-seeming numbers. I am a little ashamed of myself. However, I was about 14 years old at the time. I am confident that the scientific record has not been corrupted by my sins. I wish I could say that only school children fake data, but the evidence suggests otherwise. Stuart Ritchie’s book Science Fictions argues that “fraud in science is not the rare scenario that we desperately hope it to be”. This matters. Fraudulent research wastes the time of scientists who try to build on it, as well as the money of funding agencies that support it. It undermines the reputation of good science. Above all, if the insights produced by good science make the world better, then false beliefs produced by fraudulent science make the world worse. Consider the desperate search for treatments for the flu. Medical researchers have struggled to test out treatments from vitamin D to the deworming (除虫) drug ivermectin (伊维除虫菌素), but the results have often been small or flawed studies. However, an influential working paper, published late last year, described a large trial with very positive results for ivermectin. It gave a lot of people hope and inspired the use of ivermectin around the world, although the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration advise against ivermectin’s use to treat the disease. The research paper was withdrawn on July 14, after several researchers discovered anomalies (反常现象) in the underlying data. Some patients appeared to have died before the study even began, while other patient records seemed to be duplicates (复制品). There may be an innocent explanation for this but it certainly raises questions. On August 17, there was an unsettling development in a quite different field, behavioral science. Data detectives Uri Simonsohn, Joe Simmons, Leif Nelson and anonymous co-authors published a forensic (法医的) analysis of a well-known experiment about dishonesty. The experiment, published in 2012, was based on data from a motor insurer in which customers had supplied information about mileage along with a declaration that the information was true. Some signed the declaration at the top of the document, while others signed at the bottom and those who signed at the top were more likely to tell the truth. It’s an intuitive (直观的) and influential discovery. The only problem with this, according to Simonsohn and his colleagues, is that it is apparently based on faked data. “There is very strong evidence that the data were fabricated,” they conclude. Several of the authors of the original article have published statements agreeing. What remains to be seen is who or what was behind the suspected fabrication. Dan Ariely, the most famous of the authors of the original study, was the one who brought the data to the collaboration. He told me in an email that "at no point did I knowingly use unreliable, inaccurate, or manipulated data in our research”, expressing regret that he did not sufficiently check the data that were supplied to him by the insurance company. Both episodes are disheartening: science is hard enough when everyone involved is acting in good faith. Scientists need to get back the traditional values of the field, which include the open sharing of scientific ideas and data, and rigorous scrutiny (严格审查) of those ideas. 1．Why did the author fake his data in the school project? A．Because he wanted to impress his teacher. B．Because he lacked the tools to collect real data. C．Because he was afraid of interacting with the customers. D．Because he was too young to understand the impact of his actions. 2．Which of the following is NOT a consequence of faking data as described in the passage? A．The waste of time and funding. B．The misuse of the research facilities. C．The corruption of the integrity of science. D．The promotion of false beliefs that harm society. 3．It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A．The ivermectin study’s flaws were discovered by health authorities. B．The issue of faking data is more widespread in the medical field. C．The behavioral study’s data was initially believed to be reliable. D．The intention of the insurance company remains to be known. 4．What was the primary reason the 2012 behavioral science study about dishonesty became questionable? A．The experimental design was fundamentally flawed and not intuitive. B．The journal that published it later retracted the paper due to public pressure. C．Data analysis revealed strong evidence that the data had been fabricated. D．The insurance company that provided the data admitted to errors in its records. 5．The following part of the passage will most likely discuss ________. A．reasons for data fabrication B．effects of fraud on scientific progress C．case studies of scientific fraud in various fields D．measures to preserve the traditional values of science 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要以作者自身经历和两起科研数据造假事件为例，探讨科研造假的普遍性、危害及科学界应坚守的传统价值。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“My project involved interviewing the customers who were visiting a games shop in central London, then measuring the distance they had travelled. Arriving at the location with a clipboard, I realized that I didn’t have the nerve. (我的课题需要采访光顾伦敦市中心一家游戏店的顾客，然后统计他们的出行距离。我带着记录板到了目的地，却发现自己没有勇气去采访。)”可知，作者在课题中造假数据是因为害怕和顾客交流。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Fraudulent research wastes the time of scientists who try to build on it, as well as the money of funding agencies that support it. It undermines the reputation of good science. Above all, if the insights produced by good science make the world better, then false beliefs produced by fraudulent science make the world worse. (造假的研究会浪费那些试图在此基础上开展研究的科学家的时间，也会浪费资助机构投入的资金。它会损害严谨科研的声誉。最重要的是，如果严谨科研得出的洞见能让世界变得更好，那么造假科研滋生的错误认知就会让世界陷入更糟的境地。)”可知，科研数据造假的后果包括浪费时间与资金、损害科学公信力、催生危害社会的错误认知，文中并未提及“滥用研究设施”这一项。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“It’s an intuitive (直观的) and influential discovery. The only problem with this, according to Simonsohn and his colleagues, is that it is apparently based on faked data. (这是一个直观且具有影响力的发现。西蒙松及其同事指出，这项研究唯一的问题是，它的结论显然是基于伪造的数据得出的。)”可知，这项2012年的行为学研究最初因结论直观且有影响力而被认为是可靠的，直到后来才被发现数据造假。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The only problem with this, according to Simonsohn and his colleagues, is that it is apparently based on faked data. “There is very strong evidence that the data were fabricated,” they conclude. (西蒙松及其同事指出，这项研究唯一的问题是，它的结论显然是基于伪造的数据得出的。他们的结论是：“有非常确凿的证据表明这些数据是捏造的。”)”可知，这项2012年关于不诚实行为的行为学研究之所以受到质疑，是因为数据分析显示存在数据捏造的确凿证据。故选C项。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Scientists need to get back the traditional values of the field, which include the open sharing of scientific ideas and data, and rigorous scrutiny (严格审查) of those ideas. (科学家们需要重拾该领域的传统价值，包括科学观点与数据的公开共享，以及对这些观点的严格审查。)”可知，文章结尾提出了科学界应重拾传统价值的观点，因此接下来很可能会探讨维护科学传统价值的具体措施。故选D项。 Passage 7 （25-26高三下·天津·开学考试）The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for machine learning development and the Chemistry Nobel was for protein structure prediction via AI. Some said the physics prize wasn’t really physics. “AI is coming for science, too,” the New York Times concluded. With powerful large language models, AIs can generate various outputs and even make Nobel-winning discoveries. But have AIs really taken over science? To begin with, the physics prize went to Hinton and John Hopfield, a physicist, who discovered how the physical dynamics of a network can encode memory. Hopfield came up with a vivid comparison: a ball, rolling across a bumpy landscape, will often “remember” to return to the same lowest valley. Hinton’s work extended Hopfield’s model. In short, the Physics Nobel was awarded for fundamental research about the physical principles of information, not the broad umbrella of “AI” and its applications. Meanwhile, the Chemistry Nobel was awarded to biochemist David Baker and DeepMind researchers Demis Hassabis and John Jumper. Baker first developed software to design novel protein structures from scratch. Yet by 2018, of the roughly 200 million proteins cataloged in all genetic databases, only about 150,000 had confirmed structures. Then Hassabis and Jumper introduced AlphaFold, which provided accurate folding structures for the rest. But even so, the AI has failed to predict defects in proteins. It’s not a catholicon for every problem in protein folding, but rather an excellent tool. Many of these tools have disappeared into their uses. We rarely pause to consider the transistor (晶体管) (for which the 1956 physics prize was awarded) when we use electronics containing them by the billions. Some powerful machine-learning features are already on this path. The neural networks that provide accurate language translation or song recommendations in popular consumer software programs are simply part of the service. In science, as in so many other domains, this trend suggests that when AI tools become commonplace, they will fade into the background, too. Still a reasonable concern might be that such automation threatens the efforts of human scientists. As AI becomes essential to further scientific progress, will any prizes recognize work truly free of AI? AI can revolutionize science. It has already helped us see proteins with previously unimaginable clarity. Soon AIs may dream up new molecules for batteries. In short, they may do many things, some of which previously seemed impossible. But they have a crucial limitation tied to something wonderful about science: its empirical dependence on the real world, which cannot be overcome by computation alone. Science also needs experimenters — human experts driven to study the universe, and who will ask questions an AI cannot. Physics — its core ethos (精神特质) is “that the world is understandable” in quantitative, predictive terms only by careful experiment and observation. That real world still exists for future scientists to study, whether aided by AI or not. 1．Regarding the Nobel Prize in Physics, the author might think ______. A．it should have been awarded to more physicists B．it aims to encourage physicists to engage in AI research C．it is a recognition of the broad applications of AI in physics D．it is justified for its focus on physical principles of information 2．What was the primary achievement of Demis Hassabis and John Jumper? A．They developed software to design novel protein structures from scratch. B．They provided precise folding structures for all proteins. C．They found correct folding structures for the majority of proteins via AI. D．They discovered a new method to encode memory in networks. 3．What does the word “catholicon” underlined in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．A final solution. B．A big improvement. C．A complete cure-all. D．A common obstacle. 4．What can we learn from this passage? A．AI tools are restricted to specific scientific branches. B．AI tools will become less noticeable once widely used. C．AI will overcome its dependence on real-world experience. D．AI poses a threat to traditional methods of scientific inquiry. 5．What would be the best title for this passage? A．AI and Science: Revolution or Evolution? B．Is AI Coming to End Scientific Exploration? C．Al and Science: A New Era of Collaboration? D．Is AI Dominant in Nobel-Winning Discoveries? 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2024年诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖与AI的关系，以及AI在科学研究中的角色和局限性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In short, the Physics Nobel was awarded for fundamental research about the physical principles of information, not the broad umbrella of “AI” and its applications.(简而言之，诺贝尔物理学奖授予了关于信息物理原理的基础研究，而不是“人工智能”及其应用的大保护伞)”可知，关于诺贝尔物理学奖，作者可能会认为它是合理的，因为它关注的是信息的物理原理。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Then Hassabis and Jumper introduced AlphaFold, which provided accurate folding structures for the rest.(随后，Hassabis和Jumper推出了AlphaFold，为其他蛋白质提供了精确的折叠结构)”可知，他们通过AI为大多数蛋白质找到了正确的折叠结构。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“But even so, the AI has failed to predict defects in proteins.(但即便如此，人工智能也未能预测蛋白质的缺陷)”以及划线单词句中“It’s not a…for every problem in protein folding, but rather an excellent tool.(它并不是解决蛋白质折叠中所有问题的……，而是一个很好的工具)”由此可知，此处为它并不是解决蛋白质折叠中所有问题的灵丹妙药。故可猜测划线单词catholicon为“灵丹妙药”的意思，和C选项A complete cure-all“包治百病”意思相近。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“In science, as in so many other domains, this trend suggests that when AI tools become commonplace, they will fade into the background, too.(在科学领域，就像在许多其他领域一样，这一趋势表明，当人工智能工具变得司空见惯时，它们也会消失在背景中)”可知，我们能从文章中了解到人工智能工具一旦被广泛使用，将变得不那么引人注目。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“With powerful large language models, AIs can generate various outputs and even make Nobel-winning discoveries. But have AIs really taken over science?(凭借强大的大型语言模型，人工智能可以产生各种输出，甚至可以获得诺贝尔奖的发现。但是人工智能真的接管了科学吗？)”和最后一段“Science also needs experimenters — human experts driven to study the universe, and who will ask questions an AI cannot. Physics — its core ethos (精神特质) is “that the world is understandable” in quantitative, predictive terms only by careful experiment and observation. That real world still exists for future scientists to study, whether aided by AI or not.(科学也需要实验者——被驱使去研究宇宙的人类专家，他们会提出人工智能无法提出的问题。物理学——它的核心精神是“世界是可以理解的”，只有通过仔细的实验和观察才能定量地预测世界。不管有没有人工智能的帮助，这个真实的世界仍然存在，等待着未来的科学家去研究)”以及文章主要说明了2024年诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖与AI的关系，以及AI在科学研究中的角色和局限性。故这篇文章最好的标题是“人工智能将终结科学探索吗？”。故选B。 Passage 8 （2026·天津河东·一模）The 2026 CCTV Spring Festival Gala featured a breathtaking performance that seamlessly blended traditional Chinese martial arts with cutting-edge technology: a carefully designed martial arts routine performed by humanoid robots. This was not merely entertainment for the audience; it was a powerful declaration of China’s rapid and impressive advancements in the fields of robotics and artificial intelligence. Compared to their debut just a year earlier, the 2026 robots demonstrated astonishing progress in every aspect. Gone were the stiff, awkward and hesitant movements of the past. Dozens of Unitree’s G1 humanoid robots perfectly carried out complex and skillful actions, including high-speed flips, synchronized (同步的) nunchaku swings, and even the delicate, unsteady steps of “Drunken Fist.” They maintained stable balance, performed flawless formations, and interacted safely with young human martial artists, a breakthrough that reflected huge leaps in both stability and dynamic motion control. Behind the striking performance lies a convergence of advanced technologies that together make such precise movements possible. Powered by highly developed AI control systems and equipped with LiDAR (激光雷达) sensors, the robots can map the 3D stage environment in real time, enabling them to recognize their positions accurately and adjust their movements instantly to stay perfectly synchronized. Their flexible jumps and flips rely on powerful actuators (执行器) and massive professional training data, proving that machines can now attain a level of athleticism once considered unique to humans. The meaning of the display goes far beyond artistic effect. As a milestone in intelligent manufacturing, the show underlines China’s growing competitiveness in the global humanoid robot industry. While Chinese companies take a major share of the world market, the gala performance more importantly shows the nation’s strong ability to combine AI technology with a complete supply chain. It suggests a future where robots, having mastered the precision of kung fu, will undertake complex tasks in industry and daily life, turning technological strength into practical social value. 1．What was the most significant improvement in the 2026 robot performance compared to the previous year? A．The robots performed hesitant movements on a larger stage. B．The robots moved more smoothly and performed complex actions. C．The robots were controlled by young human performers. D．The robots could speak and interact with the martial audience. 2．The underlined word “convergence” in Paragraph 3 most probably means _________. A．combination B．competition C．conflict D．creativity 3．How did the robots maintain perfect synchronization during the performance? A．They followed fixed routes without any adjustment. B．They were remotely controlled by engineers behind the stage. C．They used sensors to map the stage and adjust movements in real time. D．They responded to voice commands from human performers. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The performance was meant to show robots are better than humans at martial arts. B．China has led the world in all fields of intelligent manufacturing. C．Human performers will gradually disappear from traditional cultural galas. D．The performance stood for China’s progress in AI and manufacturing integration. 5．According to the passage, what future role are these robots expected to play? A．Replacing all human workers in factories. B．Performing only in entertainment shows. C．Taking on complex tasks in industry and daily life. D．Competing in international martial arts competitions. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了2026年央视春晚机器人武术表演展现了中国在机器人和人工智能领域的进步，以及这些机器人未来在工业和日常生活中的应用前景。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Compared to their debut just a year earlier, the 2026 robots demonstrated astonishing progress in every aspect. Gone were the stiff, awkward and hesitant movements of the past. Dozens of Unitree’s G1 humanoid robots perfectly carried out complex and skillful actions , including high-speed flips, synchronized (同步的) nunchaku swings, and even the delicate, unsteady steps of “Drunken Fist.”(与一年前的首次亮相相比，2026年的机器人在各个方面都取得了惊人的进步。过去僵硬、笨拙和犹豫的动作一去不复返了。数十台宇树科技的G1人形机器人完美地完成了复杂而熟练的动作，包括高速空翻、同步双节棍挥舞，甚至还有“醉拳”那细腻而不稳的步伐)”可知，2026年机器人表演与前一年相比最显著的进步是机器人动作更流畅且能完成复杂动作。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Powered by highly developed AI control systems and equipped with LiDAR (激光雷达) sensors, the robots can map the 3D stage environment in real time, enabling them to recognize their positions accurately and adjust their movements instantly to stay perfectly synchronized.(这些机器人由高度发达的人工智能控制系统驱动，并配备了激光雷达传感器，可以实时绘制三维舞台环境，使它们能够准确识别自己的位置，并立即调整动作以保持完美的同步)”可知，机器人能做出精准动作是多种先进技术共同作用的结果，所以convergence意思是“结合，融合”，与“combination”意思相近。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Powered by highly developed AI control systems and equipped with LiDAR (激光雷达) sensors, the robots can map the 3D stage environment in real time, enabling them to recognize their positions accurately and adjust their movements instantly to stay perfectly synchronized.(这些机器人由高度发达的人工智能控制系统驱动，并配备了激光雷达传感器，可以实时绘制三维舞台环境，使它们能够准确识别自己的位置，并立即调整动作以保持完美的同步)”可知，机器人通过传感器绘制舞台地图并实时调整动作来保持完美同步。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As a milestone in intelligent manufacturing, the show underlines China’s growing competitiveness in the global humanoid robot industry. While Chinese companies take a major share of the world market, the gala performance more importantly shows the nation’s strong ability to combine AI technology with a complete supply chain.(作为智能制造的一个里程碑，这场演出凸显了中国在全球人形机器人产业中日益增强的竞争力。虽然中国企业在全球市场占据主要份额，但春晚表演更重要的是展示了中国将人工智能技术与完整供应链相结合的强大能力)”可推断，这场表演代表了中国在人工智能和制造业融合方面的进步。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It suggests a future where robots, having mastered the precision of kung fu, will undertake complex tasks in industry and daily life, turning technological strength into practical social value.(这预示着一个未来，机器人掌握了功夫的精准度，将在工业和日常生活中承担复杂任务，将技术实力转化为实际的社会价值)”可知，这些机器人未来有望在工业和日常生活中承担复杂任务。故选C。 Passage 9 （25-26高二下·天津河北·开学考试）Robots do many things formerly done only by humans — from farming to driving cars — but scientists have invented a “smart” paint spray can (喷漆罐) that robotically reproduces photographs as large-scale murals (按大比例绘制的壁画). The computerized technique, which basically spray paints a photo, isn’t likely to create super-huge murals, but it can be used in digital art. Spray paint is affordable and easy to use. But covering walls of buildings and other large surfaces can be technically difficult even for skilled artists. The researchers wanted to create a way to help non-artists create reproductions of photographs as murals using spray painting. So, they developed a computer system. As the person waves the pre-programmed spray can, the system automatically (自动地) hits the spray on/off button to reproduce the specific image as a spray painting. Paint instructions are sent via radio directly connected to the spray nozzle (喷嘴). A nearby computer decides the amount of paint of each color to spray in real time. The result is that the painting appears itself as the user waves the can around, without the user necessarily needing to know the picture beforehand. Due to difficulty getting permission to spray paint buildings, the researchers tested the automated painting system on large sheets of paper. While the current testing of the method focused on flat surfaces, researchers have pointed out a real benefit of the new technique over standard printing: its usability on more complicated (复杂的) painting surfaces, including soft surfaces. “In this research, we can bring assistance technology to the physical world even for this very traditional painting technique,” says co-author Wojcicch Jarosz, an assistant professor of computer science. “We hope our assistive approach could be a modern take on ‘paint by numbers’ for spray painting and enable unskilled users to create a physical piece of art.” 1．What is the main function of the new technique? A．To train robots to drive automatically. B．To create murals from photographs. C．To cover large murals on buildings. D．To paint digital murals on computers. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the new technique? A．Its target users. B．Why it matters. C．Its future application. D．How it works. 3．Where did the researchers test the painting system? A．On large sheets of papers. B．On walls of old buildings. C．On rocks of remote mountains. D．On surfaces of disused cars. 4．What is an advantage of the new technique? A．It is affordable and easy to use. B．It can be used on complex surfaces. C．It has excellent safety standards. D．It can be run by a personal computer. 5．What do researchers expect of the new technique? A．It’ll replace traditional spray painting. B．It’ll transform the digital art industry. C．It’ll let more people enjoy artistic creation. D．It’ll encourage the development of art education. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家发明智能喷漆罐将照片转化为壁画的技术。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Robots do many things formerly done only by humans — from farming to driving cars — but scientists have invented a “smart” paint spray can (喷漆罐) that robotically reproduces photographs as large-scale murals (按大比例绘制的壁画).(机器人能够完成许多以往仅由人类从事的工作——从务农到驾驶汽车——但科学家们发明了一种“智能”喷漆罐，它能够以机器人自动化的方式将照片复制成大型壁画)”可知，这项新技术的主要功能是根据照片创作壁画。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“As the person waves the pre-programmed spray can, the system automatically (自动地) hits the spray on/off button to reproduce the specific image as a spray painting. Paint instructions are sent via radio directly connected to the spray nozzle (喷嘴). A nearby computer decides the amount of paint of each color to spray in real time. The result is that the painting appears itself as the user waves the can around, without the user necessarily needing to know the picture beforehand.(当人挥动预编程的喷漆罐时，系统会自动按下喷漆开关按钮，将特定的图像复制成喷漆画。喷漆指令通过无线电直接发送到喷嘴。附近的一台计算机实时决定每种颜色要喷多少油漆。结果是，当用户挥动喷漆罐时，画作就会出现，而用户不一定需要事先知道这幅画)”可知，本段主要介绍了这项新技术是如何工作的。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Due to difficulty getting permission to spray paint buildings, the researchers tested the automated painting system on large sheets of paper.(由于很难获得在建筑物上喷漆的许可，研究人员在大幅纸张上测试了自动喷漆系统)”可知，研究人员在大张纸上测试了喷漆系统。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“While the current testing of the method focused on flat surfaces, researchers have pointed out a real benefit of the new technique over standard printing: its usability on more complicated (复杂的) painting surfaces, including soft surfaces.(虽然目前对该方法的测试集中在平面上，但研究人员指出，与标准印刷相比，这项新技术的一个真正优势是：它可以在更复杂的绘画表面上使用，包括软表面)”可知，这项新技术的一个优点是它可以在复杂的表面上使用。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We hope our assistive approach could be a modern take on ‘paint by numbers’ for spray painting and enable unskilled users to create a physical piece of art.(我们希望我们的辅助方法能成为喷漆“数字绘画”的现代版，让没有技能的用户也能创作出一件实体艺术品)”可推知，研究人员希望这项新技术能让更多的人享受艺术创作。故选C。 Passage 10 （25-26高二上·天津河东·期末）Nicola Tesla was born on 10th July 1856 in Croatia. From a very young age, Tesla was interested in electricity. In 1881 Tesla moved to Budapest and got a job. It was there that Tesla first thought of the idea of the alternating current (交流电) (AC). In 1884, Tesla moved to America and worked for Thomas Edison. But Tesla worked for Edison for less than a year. Tesla was sure his AC motor was the best way to capture and transport the power of electricity. However, Edison thought his way of using direct current (DC) was better and considered AC unsafe. But soon the scientific community accepted AC was more powerful than DC and it was proved safe. In 1895, Tesla designed the first water power plant using the energy of the Niagara Falls. And he did it using the AC motor. After the success of AC, Tesla became well known. He travelled and spoke to many scientists about his inventions and ideas. He built a large laboratory. However, it burned down not long after it was built. As Tesla got older, he continued to come up with new ideas and theories. But he was less successful and famous. Many people didn’t recognize that particular inventions were really Tesla’s ideas. Tesla gave speeches about creating electrical power from the earth’s atmosphere. He also talked about ways that wireless electricity and communication could power things all over the world. But to the people of his time, these ideas sounded crazy. However, some of his ideas have now been supported by modern research and technology. Tesla’s last years were lonely and sad. He received many awards, but received very little money. When he died in 1943, he was no longer famous and felt forgotten. Today, not many people know the name of Nicola Tesla but his inventions and ideas affect our lives every day! 1．Why did Tesla stop working for Edison? A．Tesla was badly paid there. B．They had some disagreements. C．They had very different characters. D．Tesla wanted to move back to Europe. 2．Which of the following is the correct order about Tesla’s life experiences? a．Tesla’s lab burned down.        b．Tesla worked for Edison. c．Tesla built a water power plant.    d．Tesla moved to Budapest. A．d-b-c-a. B．d-b-a-c. C．b-d-c-a. D．b-c-d-a. 3．In his later years, Tesla ______. A．lived a colorful life B．was misunderstood and doubted C．was unable to think out new ideas D．earned a lot as an award-winning inventor 4．What can we learn from the text? A．Tesla became famous as an assistant to Edison. B．Tesla was way ahead of modern technology. C．Tesla had great interest in travelling. D．Tesla was not good at speeches. 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Nicola Tesla, a challenger for difficulties B．Nicola Tesla, a dreamer in science C．Nicola Tesla, a forgotten inventor D．Nicola Tesla, a strange scientist 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了发明家尼古拉·特斯拉的生平、科研成就、人生遭遇，以及其发明和想法对如今人们生活的深远影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Tesla was sure his AC motor was the best way to capture and transport the power of electricity. However, Edison thought his way of using direct current (DC) was better and considered AC unsafe.(特斯拉确信他的交流电动机是获取和传输电能的最佳方式。然而，爱迪生认为他使用直流电的方法更好，并认为交流电是不安全的。)”可知，特斯拉和爱迪生在电流使用的问题上存在分歧，这是特斯拉不再为爱迪生工作的原因。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In 1881 Tesla moved to Budapest and got a job.(1881年，特斯拉搬到布达佩斯并找到了一份工作。)”，第二段中的“In 1884, Tesla moved to America and worked for Thomas Edison.(1884年，特斯拉搬到美国，为托马斯·爱迪生工作。)”，第三段中的“In 1895, Tesla designed the first water power plant using the energy of the Niagara Falls.(1895年，特斯拉利用尼亚加拉大瀑布的能量设计了第一座水力发电站。)”和“He built a large laboratory. However, it burned down not long after it was built.(他建了一个大型实验室。然而，它建成后不久就被烧毁了。)”可知，事件的正确顺序为d-b-c-a。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But he was less successful and famous. Many people didn’t recognize that particular inventions were really Tesla’s ideas.(但他不再那么成功和有名了。许多人都不知道某些发明其实是特斯拉的想法。)”和第五段中的“But to the people of his time, these ideas sounded crazy.(但对他那个时代的人来说，这些想法听起来很疯狂。)”可知，特斯拉晚年的想法不被当时的人理解，还受到了质疑。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“However, some of his ideas have now been supported by modern research and technology.(然而，他的一些想法现在得到了现代研究和技术的支持。)”可知，特斯拉的一些想法在他的时代不被认可，却在如今被证实，说明他的想法远超当时的科技水平，走在了现代科技的前面。故选B项。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“When he died in 1943, he was no longer famous and felt forgotten. Today, not many people know the name of Nicola Tesla but his inventions and ideas affect our lives every day!(1943年他去世时，已经不再出名，还感觉自己被遗忘了。如今，没有多少人知道尼古拉·特斯拉这个名字，但他的发明和想法却每天都在影响着我们的生活！)”可知，文章讲述了特斯拉的一生，重点突出了他生前和死后都不被太多人知晓的境遇，因此“被遗忘的发明家尼古拉·特斯拉”最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 Passage 11 （25-26高三上·天津南开·期末）All-solid-state lithium batteries (全固态锂电池) are considered the next big thing in energy storage. However, they have long faced a challenging problem. They need to maintain tight contact between the solid electrolyte (电解质) and the lithium metal electrode (锂金属电极). Now, Chinese scientists have made a breakthrough. They developed a self-adaptive layer, called an interface. This layer can actively attract lithium ions (锂离子), which then automatically fill all tiny gaps and holes, much like self-healing. This maintains tight contact between the electrode and electrolyte without needing external pressure. It decisively overcome a major bottleneck toward commercialization. Traditional methods required heavy equipment to press the parts together constantly, making batteries too big and heavy for practical use. The researchers from the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering of the CAS and Huazhong University of Science and Technology found that the contact between the lithium electrode and the solid electrolyte in all-solid-state lithium batteries is not ideal. There are numerous tiny holes and gaps present. These issues not only shorten battery lifespan but may also pose safety risks. To address this challenge, the team of researchers introduced iodide ions (碘离子) into the solid electrolyte. During battery operation, these ions move to the electrode interface under the electric field. They form an iodine-rich interface. The interface can actively attract lithium ions to fill all gaps automatically, ensuring tight contact like a self-repairing process. Test batteries made with this technology showed stable, high performance even after hundreds of charge-discharge cycles — far better than similar batteries today. This advance could lead to batteries with energy density (密度) over 500 Wh/kg and could double the battery life of devices. The breakthrough will speed up the development of high-energy all-solid-state batteries for use in human-like robots, electric planes, electric vehicles and other fields, providing safer and more efficient energy solutions. “This study fundamentally solves the key bottleneck problem that was holding back the commercialization of all-solid-state batteries, marking a decisive step toward their practical application”, said Wang Chunsheng, a battery expert at the University of Maryland. 1．What has been the main difficulty in developing all-solid-state lithium batteries? A．Their very high production cost. B．Making them work without any electricity. C．Finding enough lithium metal sources. D．Keeping their internal parts tightly together. 2．What is special about the new self-adaptive layer? A．It is made from extremely rare minerals. B．It can repair gaps by itself during use. C．It works only under very high pressure. D．It replaces the need for lithium ions. 3．What is a key advantage of the new battery design in testing? A．It can be fully charged in just seconds. B．It stays stable over hundreds of cycles. C．It can work without any electrolyte material. D．It is made from much cheaper raw materials. 4．Which statement best reflects expert Wang Chunsheng’s view of the breakthrough? A．It is only a small step in battery research. B．It is too expensive for real-world application. C．It solves the main barrier to commercial use. D．It is the final step before mass production. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a breakthrough in battery technology. B．To explain how lithium batteries are produced. C．To compare different kinds of energy storage. D．To warn about safety risks in old batteries. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学家在全固态锂电池研发中取得的突破性进展，重点阐述了其自适应界面层的原理、优势及应用前景。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“However, they have long faced a challenging problem. They need to maintain tight contact between the solid electrolyte (电解质) and the lithium metal electrode (锂金属电极). (然而，它们长期面临一个挑战性问题：需要保持固态电解质与锂金属电极之间的紧密接触。)”可知，研发全固态锂电池的主要难题是保持其内部组件的紧密贴合。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“This layer can actively attract lithium ions (锂离子), which then automatically fill all tiny gaps and holes, much like self-healing. (该层能主动吸引锂离子，使其自动填充所有微小缝隙和孔洞，类似自我修复。)”以及第五段“The interface can actively attract lithium ions to fill all gaps automatically, ensuring tight contact like a self-repairing process. (该界面能主动吸引锂离子自动填充所有缝隙，像自我修复过程一样确保紧密接触。)”可知，新型自适应层的特别之处在于它能在使用中自行修复缝隙。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段“Test batteries made with this technology showed stable, high performance even after hundreds of charge-discharge cycles — far better than similar batteries today. (采用该技术的测试电池在经历数百次充放电循环后仍表现出稳定的高性能，远优于目前同类电池。)”可知，新电池设计在测试中的核心优势是经过数百次循环仍能保持稳定。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第九段“‘This study fundamentally solves the key bottleneck problem that was holding back the commercialization of all-solid-state batteries, marking a decisive step toward their practical application’, said Wang Chunsheng, a battery expert at the University of Maryland. (马里兰大学的电池专家王春生表示：‘这项研究从根本上解决了阻碍全固态锂电池商业化的关键瓶颈问题，标志着其迈向实际应用的决定性一步。’)”可知，王春生专家认为该突破解决了商业化的主要障碍。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段“Now, Chinese scientists have made a breakthrough. They developed a self-adaptive layer, called an interface. This layer can actively attract lithium ions (锂离子), which then automatically fill all tiny gaps and holes, much like self-healing. (现在，中国科学家取得了一项突破。他们研发出一种被称为界面的自适应层。该层能主动吸引锂离子，使其自动填充所有微小缝隙和孔洞，类似自我修复。)”、第六段“Test batteries made with this technology showed stable, high performance even after hundreds of charge-discharge cycles — far better than similar batteries today. (采用该技术的测试电池在经历数百次充放电循环后仍表现出稳定的高性能，远优于目前同类电池。)”以及第八段“The breakthrough will speed up the development of high-energy all-solid-state batteries for use in human-like robots, electric planes, electric vehicles and other fields, providing safer and more efficient energy solutions. (这一突破将加速高能量全固态锂电池的研发进程，使其可应用于仿人机器人、电动飞机、电动汽车等领域，提供更安全、更高效的能源解决方案。)”可知，全文围绕中国科学家在全固态锂电池技术上的突破展开，介绍了其原理、测试效果及应用前景，因此文章的主要目的是介绍电池技术的一项突破性进展。故选A。 Passage 12 （25-26高三上·天津滨海新·月考）Is it possible to build houses that are completely self-sufficient in providing and disposing of their own water? Many areas of the world suffer from low rainfall. A lack of water is increasingly becoming a problem. How is it possible to save and better use water resources in homes? Some houses in rural areas of Australia do not have water supplied to them. The house was like this even though the people lived in a suburb called Gelorup, only 10 kilometers from the city of Bunbury. They collected all the water on the roof and from the gutters (排水沟) where it went into underground pipes that led to a large water tank. From the tank the water fed back to the house and supplied all their needs from drinking to flushing toilets. When they came to the end of the winter rainy season, they would carefully watch the level of the water in the water tank: It had an indicator on the side. The water used by the house would go into a system below the house which purified it and eventually released it into the ground. They weren’t allowed to use strong chemicals in cleaning and washing the natural bacteria needed to work in the water before it was released again. This was a great system as water was not pumped to or from their house. They were using their own water and were self-reliant. They didn’t even get a water bill! Imagine if every house could be built with this capacity. The drawback was that it often seemed to be such a waste that the water filtering (过滤) down into the ground could not be first used on the garden. When they ran low on water, it was the garden that suffered as they had to stop watering. How often they imagined that water feeding the flowers and vegetables. Now there is a system, developed by an Australian company that allows people to reuse much of that water. The system is called the Nexus eWater Recycler. On their website they explain that, “… grey water is wastewater generated by washing people and their clothes. It accounts for nearly half of the water used in a typical home…” Water from the bath, shower, sink dishwasher and washing machine is pulled into the recycler. There it is made safe enough to use on gardens and in toilets. That surely would have solved all the water problems. Houses which do not collect their own water as people in Gelorup did, can also still benefit from this system. With the system, most of the water fed to the houses can be used twice over. In addition, the system has an extra component that can be bought and installed that uses the heat from the waste bath or washing machine water to heat up a tank of clean water. 1．What do we know about people living in Gelorup from Paragraphs 2 and 3? A．They collect all the water they could find in the underground pipes B．They install a system to purify the water before it’s supplied to the family. C．They employ chemicals to kill the bacteria in water before draining it. D．They seldom worry about the volume of water in their tanks in rainy season. 2．The drawback of the system used by Gelorup is ________. A．water should be pumped into the system to be purified before releasing B．it fails to rid the waste water of unnecessary bacteria and virus before releasing C．people still have to pay high water bills because of its low recyclability rate D．the waste rate is so high that people have to sacrifice gardening when lacking water 3．What’s NOT the advantage of the Nexus eWater Recycler? A．Water dealt with by it is safer to use in gardening. B．It improves the recyclability rate of the waste water. C．It enables every drop of water to be recycled and used again. D．An extra component can help reuse energy from waste water. 4．What’s the attitude of the author towards recycling water in homes? A．Critical. B．Approving. C．Central. D．Indifferent. 5．What could be the best title for this passage? A．A House that Collects Its Own Water B．A House that lies in Rural Area C．A Famous Australian Company D．An Intellectual Washing Machine 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚部分地区房屋的水资源自给自足系统，分析了早期系统的优势与不足，并介绍了新型废水回收系统及其优势，探讨了家庭水资源回收利用的可行性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When they came to the end of the winter rainy season, they would carefully watch the level of the water in the water tank: It had an indicator on the side.(每当冬季雨季结束，他们都会密切留意蓄水池的水位 —— 池身一侧装有水位指示器)”可知，他们在雨季结束时会注意蓄水池里的存水量，推知他们在雨季不必太担心蓄水池里的水量。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The drawback was that it often seemed to be such a waste that the water filtering (过滤) down into the ground could not be first used on the garden. When they ran low on water, it was the garden that suffered as they had to stop watering.(其缺点是，过滤渗入地下的水无法先用于浇灌花园，这似乎是一种很大的浪费。当他们的水量不足时，花园就会遭殃，因为他们不得不停止浇水)”可知，杰洛鲁普使用的系统的缺点是水资源浪费率高，缺水时不得不牺牲花园浇灌。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Now there is a system, developed by an Australian company that allows people to reuse much of that water. The system is called the Nexus eWater Recycler.(现在，一家澳大利亚公司开发了一种系统，允许人们重复利用大部分废水。这个系统被称为Nexus eWater回收器)”、“Water from the bath, shower, sink dishwasher and washing machine is pulled into the recycler. There it is made safe enough to use on gardens and in toilets.(浴室、淋浴、水槽、洗碗机和洗衣机产生的水被吸入回收器。在那里，水被处理得足够安全，可以用于花园浇灌和冲马桶)”以及第七段中的“In addition, the system has an extra component that can be bought and installed that uses the heat from the waste bath or washing machine water to heat up a tank of clean water.(此外，该系统还有一个可购买和安装的额外组件，它利用浴室或洗衣机废水的热量来加热一箱干净的水)”可知，Nexus eWater回收器的优势包括：处理后的水用于园艺更安全、提高废水回收率、额外组件可回收废水能量。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“This was a great system as water was not pumped to or from their house. They were using their own water and were self-reliant. They didn’t even get a water bill! Imagine if every house could be built with this capacity.(这个系统很棒，因为水不需要被泵入或泵出房屋。他们使用自己的水，实现了自给自足。他们甚至没有水费账单！想象一下，如果每个房子都能具备这种能力该多好)”以及第七段中的“That surely would have solved all the water problems. Houses which do not collect their own water as people in Gelorup did, can also still benefit from this system.(这肯定能解决所有的水资源问题。即使不像杰洛鲁普的居民那样自己收集水，房屋也能从这个系统中受益)”可知，作者对早期水资源自给系统和新型废水回收系统均持肯定态度，由此可推断作者对家庭水资源回收利用持赞同态度。故选B项。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇提出“建造水资源自给自足的房屋是否可行”的问题，随后介绍了澳大利亚杰洛鲁普地区房屋的雨水收集与废水净化系统，分析了其优势与不足，接着引入新型废水回收系统，说明其如何解决早期系统的问题并带来额外益处，核心围绕“水资源自给自足的房屋”展开。A选项“一栋自己收集水的房子”能够概括文章核心话题，适合作为标题。故选A项。 Passage 13 （25-26高三上·天津和平·月考）Modified floating wood could seed the formation of new sea ice in the Arctic, helping counteract the rapid decline of ice coverage due to global warming. The area of the Arctic Ocean covered by ice is shrinking as the climate warms, and it has been projected that the region will see its first ice-free summer day before 2030. The loss of ice leads to a vicious cycle: because the exposed water is darker than ice, it absorbs more of the sun’s heat, warming the water further and making it increasingly hard for ice to reform. This has led people to suggest various geoengineering plans to refreeze the water both in the Arctic and Antarctica. Now, Tian Li at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, and her colleagues are proposing modifying wood to help it seed the formation of new ice. “We choose wood because it’s a natural material,” says Li. “You see a lot of floating wood in ocean water and it raises much less of an environmental concern than things made of artificial materials.” To create the modified material, which they call ice-wood, the researchers took a 10-centimetre-square,1.5-centimetre-thick piece of American basswood (Tilia Americana) and cut a small chunk out of the middle. This chunk was placed on a hotplate so that one side carbonized, while the larger piece was treated with hydrogen peroxide（过氧化氢）and heat, removing much of a polymer（聚合物）called lignin. The two pieces were then put back together. Lignin gives wood its colour, so removing it makes that part of the wood whiter and better at reflecting light. The idea is that when the ice-wood floats in the sea, water is drawn up through natural microchannels. Sunlight then warms the dark, carbonized part of the surface, making the water there evaporate, after which it condenses on the colder, whiter part of the surface. During tests in ponds with water kept at about 2℃ (36°F), the top of a piece of floating ice-wood stayed below freezing, even when the air temperature reached between 7℃ and 8℃ (44.6°F and 46.4°F). Though covering the whole Arctic isn’t realistic, Li suggests that larger pieces of ice-wood could be used around coastal regions, where Indigenous people rely on ice to hunt fish, to speed up the ice coverage in winter and reduce ice loss in summer. But a big question remains about whether our focus should be on geoengineering approaches to prevent ice loss or on slowing the climate change that is causing it. “I find it strange to put so much energy into these ideas when we already know what is needed: reduced carbon dioxide emissions,” says Julienne Stroeve at University College London. 1．What is the main purpose of the “ice-wood” project? A．To clean the ocean water in the Arctic. B．To provide a new building material for coastal regions. C．To help new sea ice form in the Arctic. D．To study the behavior of seabirds in cold environments. 2．Which of the following situations best illustrates a similar “vicious cycle” as mentioned in the 2ⁿᵈ paragraph? A．A forest fire destroys trees→sunlight reaches the forest floor→new seedlings grow→the forest begins to recover. B．A student sleeps less to study more→poor sleep leads to lower concentration→needs more time to study the same material→sleeps even less. C．A farmer uses a new fertilizer→crop yield increases→the farmer earns more money→the farmer buys more land. D．A person gets a high-paying job→saves more money→makes various investments→poor investments lead to debt. 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．The wood relies on creating a temperature difference to promote ice formation. B．Lignin is removed so as to make the wood darker and better at absorbing heat. C．The carbonized part directly freezes the surrounding seawater through rapid cooling. D．American basswood was chosen as the raw material for its exceptional durability. 4．Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage? A．The Arctic Crisis: Causes and Global Consequences B．Refreezing the Arctic: The Science and Promise of Engineered Ice-Wood C．From Forest to Ocean: A New Material’s Role in the Arctic Environment D．Wood Against Warming: A Controversial Path to Save Arctic Ice 5．What is the author’s attitude towards the ice-wood project as reflected in the passage? A．Supportive B．Opposed C．Objective D．Suspicious 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍普渡大学团队研发“冰木”材料，旨在帮助北极形成新海冰以应对全球变暖导致的海冰减少，同时提及相关争议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Modified floating wood could seed the formation of new sea ice in the Arctic, helping counteract the rapid decline of ice coverage due to global warming.(经过改良的浮木可促进北极新海冰的形成，助力缓解因全球变暖导致的海冰覆盖面积快速缩减的问题。)”及第三段“Now, Tian Li at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, and her colleagues are proposing modifying wood to help it seed the formation of new ice.(如今，印第安纳州西拉法叶市普渡大学的Tian Li及其同事正提议对木材进行改造，以帮助其促成新海冰的形成)”可知，“冰木”项目的主要目的是帮助北极形成新海冰。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“The area of the Arctic Ocean covered by ice is shrinking as the climate warms, and it has been projected that the region will see its first ice-free summer day before 2030. The loss of ice leads to a vicious cycle: because the exposed water is darker than ice, it absorbs more of the sun’s heat, warming the water further and making it increasingly hard for ice to reform. This has led people to suggest various geoengineering plans to refreeze the water both in the Arctic and Antarctica.(随着气候变暖，北冰洋的冰盖面积正在不断缩小，据预测，该地区将在 2030 年前迎来首个无冰夏日。海冰的消融会引发一个恶性循环：由于裸露的海水比冰颜色更深，它会吸收更多太阳热量，进一步使海水升温，导致冰体愈发难以重新形成。这促使人们提出了各类地球工程计划，旨在让北冰洋和南极洲的海水重新冻结)”可知，“恶性循环”指北极海冰减少→裸露海水吸收更多太阳热量→水温升高→海冰更难形成→海冰进一步减少，即一个负面结果会引发连锁反应，导致情况持续恶化。B项“学生为多学习而少睡觉→睡眠不足导致注意力下降→学习相同内容需更多时间→睡得更少”符合这一逻辑。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Sunlight then warms the dark, carbonized part of the surface, making the water there evaporate, after which it condenses on the colder, whiter part of the surface.(阳光随后加热表面深色的碳化部分，使那里的水分蒸发，之后在较冷的白色部分凝结)”及第七段“During tests in ponds with water kept at about 2℃ (36℉), the top of a piece of floating ice-wood stayed below freezing, even when the air temperature reached between 7℃ and 8℃ (44.6℉and 46.4℉).(在水温保持在约 2℃（36 华氏度）的池塘中进行测试时，即便空气温度达到 7℃至 8℃（44.6 华氏度至 46.4 华氏度），漂浮的冰木顶部依然保持在冰点以下)”可知，“冰木”依靠表面碳化部分与去木质素部分的温度差促进冰的形成。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“Modified floating wood could seed the formation of new sea ice in the Arctic, helping counteract the rapid decline of ice coverage due to global warming.(经过改造的浮木或能促成北极新海冰的形成，助力抵消因全球变暖导致的冰盖面积快速缩减)”文章核心围绕“冰木”这一工程材料展开，介绍其研发背景、制作原理、实验效果及应用前景，同时提及相关争议。B项“让北极重新结冰：工程化冰木的科学与前景”能全面概括核心内容,为最佳标题。故选B项。 5．推理判断题。作者在文中介绍了 “冰木” 项目的研发背景、原理、测试结果和应用建议，同时也引用了朱莉安娜・斯特罗伊夫的观点，指出该地球工程方案与减少碳排放之间的争议。全文没有体现出作者个人的支持、反对或怀疑态度，只是客观陈述事实和不同观点。因此作者的态度是客观的。故选C项。 Passage 14 （2026·天津河北·一模）Have you ever stood before Vincent van Gogh’s masterpiece The Starry Night and felt as though the sky were truly in motion? It turns out that this sensation wasn’t your eyes playing tricks on you or a mere product of your imagination. Recent scientific analysis suggests that the swirling (打旋) patterns captured on canvas are not just artistic expressions but accurate representations of atmospheric physics. A team of researchers has discovered that Van Gogh’s brushstrokes mirror real-world turbulence (湍流) with a level of precision that is scientifically astonishing. To understand this connection, researchers analysed the digital images of the painting by treating the varying brightness of the colours as a measure of kinetic energy (动能) . What they found was astonishing. The patterns in The Starry Night correspond to two important principles in fluid dynamics: Kolmogorov’s law (柯尔莫哥洛夫定律) and Batchelor’s scaling (巴切勒标度). Don’t worry if these terms sound abstract — let’s break them down. Kolmogorov’s law describes how energy flows from larger to smaller scales in turbulent flows. Imagine a big swirl breaking down into smaller and smaller ones. This is what happens in the atmosphere, oceans, and other fluid systems. Amazingly, it’s what Van Gogh’s work seems to represent. Batchelor’s scaling, on the other hand, deals with the finer details. The researchers found that the fine details in Van Gogh’s brushstrokes match this principle, which describes how substances like heat or pollutants spread in a turbulent fluid. Finding both of these patterns in one system is rare, which makes this discovery even more exciting. “It reveals a deep and intuitive (直觉的) understanding of natural phenomena. Van Gogh’s precise representation of turbulence might be from studying the movement of clouds and the atmosphere or an inborn sense of how to capture the dynamism of the sky,” says Yongxiang Huang, the study’s lead author. The fact that an artist in the 19th century could capture these complex dynamics so accurately is remarkable. This research bridges the gap between the emotional power of art and the empirical rigour (实证严谨性) of science. It demonstrates that beauty and scientific truth are not contradictory; rather, they can be deeply interconnected. So, the next time you look at The Starry Night, remember that you’re not just seeing a beautiful painting. You are watching the turbulent dance of the atmosphere, frozen in time by a genius who saw the world differently. 1．What is the author’s purpose in asking the question in Paragraph 1? A．To present the science behind a visual effect. B．To highlight the illusion created by the artist. C．To question the viewers’ ability to see details. D．To evaluate the unrealistic nature of the work. 2．Which of the following best illustrates Kolmogorov’s law? A． B． C． D． 3．According to Paragraph 4, the researchers’ finding is remarkable because ______. A．it proves Van Gogh studied physics theories B．it suggests art describes nature better than science C．it reveals a rare match between art and natural laws D．it shows Batchelor’s scaling is widely used in painting 4．According to Huang, what likely explains Van Gogh’s precise depiction of turbulence? A．His formal education in atmospheric physics. B．The calculation of kinetic energy in colours. C．The random movement of his brushstrokes. D．His sharp observation or natural instinct. 5．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Van Gogh: A Pioneer of Turbulence Research B．Van Gogh: A Talented Artist or A Natural Scientist C．The Starry Night: Art Teaches Atmospheric Physics D．The Starry Night: Beauty Meets Scientific Precision 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了研究发现梵高《星月夜》中的漩涡不仅是艺术表达，还精准符合流体力学中的湍流定律。这体现了艺术美感与科学规律的高度统一，展现了艺术家对自然的深刻直觉。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Recent scientific analysis suggests that the swirling (打旋) patterns captured on canvas are not just artistic expressions but accurate representations of atmospheric physics. (最近的科学研究表明，画布上所呈现的旋转图案并非仅仅是艺术表现形式，而是对大气物理现象的准确描绘。)”可知，第一段提出问题作者的目的是阐述一种视觉效果背后的科学原理。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Kolmogorov’s law describes how energy flows from larger to smaller scales in turbulent flows. Imagine a big swirl breaking down into smaller and smaller ones. (柯尔莫哥洛夫定律描述了在湍流中能量是如何从较大尺度向较小尺度流动的。想象一下一个巨大的漩涡逐渐分裂成越来越小的漩涡。)”可知，大漩涡不断分解成小漩涡，A选项最能体现柯尔莫哥洛夫定律。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Finding both of these patterns in one system is rare, which makes this discovery even more exciting. “It reveals a deep and intuitive (直觉的) understanding of natural phenomena. Van Gogh’s precise representation of turbulence might be from studying the movement of clouds and the atmosphere or an inborn sense of how to capture the dynamism of the sky,” says Yongxiang Huang, the study’s lead author. (在一个系统中同时发现这两种模式实属罕见，这使得这一发现更加令人兴奋。“它展现了对自然现象的深刻且直观的理解。梵高对湍流的精确描绘或许源于对云层和大气运动的研究，或者是与捕捉天空动态相关的与生俱来的感知能力，”该研究的首席作者黄永祥说道。)”可知，研究人员的这一发现令人瞩目，因为它揭示了艺术与自然法则之间罕见的契合点。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“Van Gogh’s precise representation of turbulence might be from studying the movement of clouds and the atmosphere or an inborn sense of how to capture the dynamism of the sky (梵高对湍流的精准描绘或许源于他对云层和大气运动的研究，又或许源自他与生俱来的捕捉天空动态变化的能力)”可知，能够解释梵高如此精准地描绘出那种动荡景象的原因可能是：他的敏锐观察力或天生直觉。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Recent scientific analysis suggests that the swirling (打旋) patterns captured on canvas are not just artistic expressions but accurate representations of atmospheric physics. A team of researchers has discovered that Van Gogh’s brushstrokes mirror real-world turbulence (湍流) with a level of precision that is scientifically astonishing. (最近的科学研究表明，画布上所呈现的旋转图案并非仅仅是艺术表现形式，而是对大气物理现象的准确描绘。一组研究人员发现，梵高的笔触与现实中的湍流有着极高的精度相吻合，这一发现从科学角度来看令人惊叹不已。)”结合文章说明了研究发现梵高《星月夜》中的漩涡不仅是艺术表达，还精准符合流体力学中的湍流定律。这体现了艺术美感与科学规律的高度统一，展现了艺术家对自然的深刻直觉。可知，D选项“《星夜》：美与科学精确性的邂逅”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 15 （2026·天津·一模）The Olympic Games represent the peak of athletic achievement. Modern athletes benefit from excellent coaching, good nutrition and recovery strategies. Yet, some are turning to unique methods to improve themselves. One such technique is called EEG neurofeedback (脑电波神经反馈), which involves placing small sensors on the head to record and display brainwaves in real time. It helps athletes recognize and produce brainwave patterns that enhance focus and relaxation, or achieve a personalized best state for their skills. When the technique displays what is happening in the brain in real time, people can easily experiment by bringing different thoughts or images to their minds. Then they’ll immediately see how the brain signals change. It is through this process that they can learn to recognize different brain states and apply psychological strategies to help them take control. In a study, researchers asked 40 adult volunteers to cycle until extreme tiredness on an exercise bike after performing just 12 minutes of neurofeedback. 13 people were asked to produce a brainwave pattern that would be conducive to endurance (耐力) exercise. The other 13 were asked to produce a brainwave pattern which wouldn’t improve performance. The remaining 14 participants had to watch a neurofeedback recording without controlling their brainwaves. The results were striking. The group that had been asked to produce the positive brainwave rode for 30% longer than the others. Later, researchers invited the 26 participants from the first two groups back to the lab. They received the opposite neurofeedback treatment from the first experiment before they repeated the cycling test. The participants rode for an average of 11% longer on the day they received the positive neurofeedback treatment. Despite these results, researchers decided to repeat the study with a larger sample and with more highly-trained cyclists to better understand the role of this technique in other sports. Scientists are now trying to use the research findings to make a difference elsewhere. The research regards neurofeedback as a potential means to help with the recovery or management of diseases of the nervous system. So, while Olympic medals are valued, if neurofeedback research could eventually lead to effective treatments beyond sports, that may well be the biggest prize of all. 1．What is the new technique EEG neurofeedback used for in sports? A．Helping build a nutritional strategy. B．Monitoring athletes’ physical strength. C．Training voluntary brain control in athletes. D．Predicting athletes’ best performance limits. 2．What does the underlined word “conducive” in paragraph 3 possibly mean? A．Identical. B．Resistant. C．Harmless. D．Beneficial. 3．Why were 26 participants invited back to the lab? A．To test the study methods. B．To provide high-level training. C．To further confirm the study results. D．To expand the groups of the subjects. 4．What might be the researchers’ attitude towards the technique’s wide use in sports? A．Cautious. B．Concerned. C．Positive. D．Tolerant. 5．What does the author intend to stress about neurofeedback research in the last paragraph? A．Its limitations outside of sports. B．Its potential to fight certain diseases. C．Its influence on athletic performance. D．Its role in competitive sports like the Olympics. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了脑电波神经反馈技术在体育领域的应用、研究结果及其在其他领域的潜在应用。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“It helps athletes recognize and produce brainwave patterns that enhance focus and relaxation, or achieve a personalized best state for their skills.(它帮助运动员识别和产生增强注意力和放松的脑电波模式，或者为他们的技能达到个性化的最佳状态。)”和“It is through this process that they can learn to recognize different brain states and apply psychological strategies to help them take control.(正是通过这一过程，运动员得以学会识别不同的大脑状态，并运用心理策略实现自我调控。)”可知，EEG神经反馈技术用于训练运动员自主控制大脑。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“In a study, researchers asked 40 adult volunteers to cycle until extreme tiredness on an exercise bike after performing just 12 minutes of neurofeedback. 13 people were asked to produce a brainwave pattern that would be conducive to endurance (耐力) exercise. The other 13 were asked to produce a brainwave pattern which wouldn’t improve performance. The remaining 14 participants had to watch a neurofeedback recording without controlling their brainwaves. The results were striking. The group that had been asked to produce the positive brainwave rode for 30% longer than the others.(在一项研究中，研究人员让40名成年志愿者接受12分钟的神经反馈训练后，在健身自行车上骑行至精疲力竭。其中13人被要求生成conducive耐力运动的脑波模式，另外13人则被要求生成无法提升运动表现的脑波模式，剩余14名参与者仅观看神经反馈记录，不控制自身脑波。研究结果十分惊人：被要求生成积极脑波的小组，骑行时长比其他人多出30%。)”可知，产生积极脑电波的那一组表现更好，由此可推断出，此处指13人被要求产生一种有助于耐力运动的脑电波模式，conducive意为“有益的”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Later, researchers invited the 26 participants from the first two groups back to the lab. They received the opposite neurofeedback treatment from the first experiment before they repeated the cycling test. The participants rode for an average of 11% longer on the day they received the positive neurofeedback treatment. Despite these results, researchers decided to repeat the study with a larger sample and with more highly-trained cyclists to better understand the role of this technique in other sports.(后来，研究人员邀请了前两组的26名参与者回到实验室。在重复自行车测试之前，他们接受了与第一次实验相反的神经反馈治疗。在接受积极神经反馈治疗的那天，参与者的骑行时间平均延长了11%。尽管已有这些结果，研究人员仍决定扩大样本量，并选取训练水平更高的自行车运动员重复研究，以进一步明确该技术在其他运动项目中的作用。)”可知，邀请26名参与者回到实验室是为了进一步确认研究结果。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“Despite these results, researchers decided to repeat the study with a larger sample and with more highly-trained cyclists to better understand the role of this technique in other sports.(尽管已有这些结果，研究人员仍决定扩大样本量，并选取训练水平更高的自行车运动员重复研究，以进一步明确该技术在其他运动项目中的作用。)”可推断，研究人员对这项技术在体育领域的广泛应用持谨慎态度。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The research regards neurofeedback as a potential means to help with the recovery or management of diseases of the nervous system.(该研究认为神经反馈是一种潜在的帮助神经系统疾病恢复或管理的手段。)”可推断，作者在最后一段强调了神经反馈研究在治疗某些疾病方面的潜力。故选B。 Passage 16 （25-26高三下·天津南开·开学考试）In the Alps and Apennines of southern Europe, longhorn beetles are moving uphill, and a rare brown butterfly with orange-tipped wings is facing extinction due to isolation (隔离) at high peaks. This is a picture of a global trend. With temperatures rising and pressure on biodiversity growing, insects vital to our ecosystems are not only moving north and south, but up. Research shows many animals are making similar moves, but insects’ high levels of mobility and short generation times allow them to respond quickly to change. Bumblebees in the Pyrenees have moved upwards on average by more than a metre a year, with some species making significantly greater journeys. All of this shows the speed of climate change and its ecological impacts at higher altitudes. In ecology, finding the “smoking gun” to neatly explain any phenomenon is generally difficult. Prof. Christy McCain, who runs Colorado University’s Mountain Lab, said: “One thing that people don’t think about as much is context: how climate affects insects at different life stages, such as eggs and larvae. Measuring adults in summer might not reveal the most critical impacts of climate change, especially in cold and dry mountain environments.” McCain believes the way data has been collected historically is preventing their understanding, with too many museum specimens (标本) from low altitudes, and far fewer from higher up. And many groups other than butterflies and moths have been neglected. To support her view, she cites research on carrion (食腐类) beetles by a student in her lab. The study shows that climate tolerance might be passed down in these insects, which play a key role in decomposition and protect them from extreme conditions. Their long history since the Cretaceous (白垩纪) also aids their adaptation today. There is no such thing as a standard insect or response to environmental change. For some groups, it might be a case of the bigger and more mobile they are, the better their chances. There is also no universal upland habitat and this too could prove a saving grace. 1．What is the main idea conveyed in the first paragraph? A．Insects are moving to cooler places as temperatures rise. B．Most rare species in Europe have already died out. C．The Alps and Apennines have the richest biodiversity. D．Butterflies are more important than other insects. 2．Why does the author refer to bumblebees in the Pyrenees? A．To confirm their adaptability to high-altitude habitats. B．To identify a threat to particular species in mountain areas. C．To illustrate insects’ rapid response to climate shifts. D．To clarify the link between climate and ecosystem health. 3．Which statement may McCain agree with according to paragraphs 3 and 4? A．Study context is beyond grasp. B．Research data are hard to obtain. C．Collection method is unconventional. D．Insect samples are unrepresentative. 4．According to the passage, the research on carrion beetles shows that ________. A．they are unable to survive in extreme conditions B．climate tolerance may be inherited by them C．they move uphill faster than other insects D．they have the same life stages as butterflies 5．What does “a saving grace” in the last paragraph mean? A．A method used to collect data. B．A feature that helps improve a situation. C．A problem that needs to be solved. D．A type of insect that adapts well to change. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了随着气温上升，昆虫为适应环境变化而向更高海拔地区迁移的现象，分析了昆虫快速响应气候变化的原因，指出了当前昆虫研究数据存在的问题，并提及了食腐类昆虫对气候变化的适应特点。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“With temperatures rising and pressure on biodiversity growing, insects vital to our ecosystems are not only moving north and south, but up. (随着气温上升和生物多样性压力的增加，对我们生态系统至关重要的昆虫不仅在向南北迁移，还在向上迁移。)”可知本段讲述昆虫随着气温升高在向更凉爽的地方移动。。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Research shows many animals are making similar moves, but insects’ high levels of mobility and short generation times allow them to respond quickly to change. Bumblebees in the Pyrenees have moved upwards on average by more than a metre a year, with some species making significantly greater journeys. (研究表明，许多动物都有类似的移动，但昆虫的高移动性和短世代时间使它们能够迅速对变化做出反应。比利牛斯山脉的大黄蜂平均每年向上移动超过一米，有些物种移动的距离要大得多。)”可推知，这是用比利牛斯山脉的大黄蜂为例来具体说明昆虫对气候变化的快速反应。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Prof. Christy McCain, who runs Colorado University’s Mountain Lab, said: “One thing that people don’t think about as much is context: how climate affects insects at different life stages, such as eggs and larvae. Measuring adults in summer might not reveal the most critical impacts of climate change, especially in cold and dry mountain environments.” (科罗拉多大学山地实验室主任克里斯蒂·麦凯恩教授指出：“人们往往忽视一个关键因素——环境背景：气候变化如何影响昆虫不同发育阶段（如卵和幼虫）。若仅在夏季对成虫进行测量，可能无法揭示气候变化的最显著影响，特别是在寒冷干燥的山区环境中。” )”和第四段“McCain believes the way data has been collected historically is preventing their understanding, with too many museum specimens (标本) from low altitudes, and far fewer from higher up. And many groups other than butterflies and moths have been neglected. (麦凯恩认为，历史上数据收集的方式阻碍了他们的理解，来自低海拔的博物馆标本太多，而来自高海拔的标本则少得多。除了蝴蝶和飞蛾之外，许多其他群体都被忽视了。)”可知麦凯恩认为昆虫样本不具有代表性。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段“To support her view, she cites research on carrion (食腐类) beetles by a student in her lab. The study shows that climate tolerance might be passed down in these insects, which play a key role in decomposition and protect them from extreme conditions. (为了支持她的观点，她引用了她实验室里一名学生对食腐甲虫的研究。研究表明，这些昆虫的气候耐受性可能会遗传下来，它们在分解过程中起着关键作用，并保护它们免受极端条件的影响。)”可知，食腐甲虫的气候耐受性可能会遗传。故选B项。 5．词句猜测题。最后一段提到“There is no such thing as a standard insect or response to environmental change. For some groups, it might be a case of the bigger and more mobile they are, the better their chances. There is also no universal upland habitat and this too could prove a saving grace. (没有标准的昆虫，也没有对环境变化的标准反应。对于一些群体来说，可能是体型越大、移动性越强，生存的机会就越大。也没有普遍的高地栖息地，这也可能证明是一种‘a saving grace’。)”可知，前文指出没有普遍的高地栖息地，这看似不利，但也可能证明是有助于改善情况的特点。由此猜测划线部分意为“一个有助于改善情况的特点”。故选B项。 Passage 17 （2026·天津南开·一模） Have you ever wished there were more hours in a day? Interestingly, NASA scientists noted that the world’s largest hydroelectric dam — China’s Three Gorges Dam has slightly extended the length of an Earth day by slowing down the planet’s rotation. While the change is relatively small, the basic physics behind it reveals that large- scale human engineering can influence the fundamental planetary processes. To grasp how a dam can change Earth’s rotation, we can start with a simple experiment: sit on a rotating chair, spin with your arms enclosed to your body and then stretch your arms out. You will slow down. This change in spinning speed is your angular velocity (角速度) decreasing. Why? Because stretching your arms increases your body’s moment of inertia (惯性), a property that depends on both mass and how that mass is distributed relative to the axis of rotation. A key principle here is the conservation of angular momentum (角动量). For an isolated rotating system like Earth, angular momentum remains constant. Therefore, if the moment of inertia increases, the angular velocity must decrease to compensate. This is precisely what happens with a massive dam. By holding vast amounts of water at a higher height, the dam redistributes the Earth’s mass farther from its rotational axis — much like extending your arms on the spinning chair. This increases the planet’s moment of inertia and, consequently, slows down its rotation. The effect is more obvious if the dam is built at a lower latitude, near the equator, where the distance to Earth’s axis is greater. The crucial question is how much the change is. Calculations using the mass of water held back by the Three Gorges Dam, its latitude, and Earth’s radius allow scientists to estimate the increase in the moment of inertia (ΔI) and the corresponding change in angular velocity (Δω). The result is a day lengthened by about approximately 5.3 microseconds (5.3 × 10-6 seconds). Although this is too brief for any human perception, it provides a measurable confirmation that human activities can indeed change global geophysical patterns. This phenomenon brings up interesting, though theoretical, possibilities. If a single dam can produce a measurable change, could other massive projects —such as constructing numerous skyscrapers or even organized global population movements — further affect the Earth’s rotation? While the extra time would still be unnoticeable in daily life, the principle demonstrates the profound interconnectedness between human engineering and planetary mechanics, showing that our largest constructions can influence right down to the fundamental rhythm of our world. 1．How does the author illustrate the change in Paragraph 2? A．By presenting the research results $猜押热点专题02传科技创新类（阅读理解） 试题前瞻·能力先查 一、新质生产力与科技强国战略引领。《关于发展新质生产力推进高质量发展的意见》明确“以科技创新引领产业升级，加快数字技术与实体经济深度融合”。2025-2026年教育部持续将“数字素养、科技伦理、创新意识”纳入中小学育人核心指标。高考作为教育“指挥棒”，必然将“科技创新与数字时代”转化为命题语境，通过英语语篇传递科技自立自强理念，引导青少年树立科技自信与数字责任意识，契合国家战略落地的教育使命。 二、新课标“人与社会”主题强化。2025年修订的《普通高中英语课程标准》将“人与社会”列为三大主题语境之一，新增“科技发展、数字文明、创新实践”等子主题，要求“试题选材贴近时代前沿，聚焦科技伦理、数字安全、创新精神与合作探究”。新课标强调“用英语讲好中国科技故事”，强化“立德树人”，突出对科技伦理、数字公民素养、跨文化科技交流的考查，为2026年命题划定核心方向。 三、“科技+教育”融合政策落地。近年高考命题全面落实“科技创新与数字素养”融合要求:人工智能教育--新增AI 伦理、AI辅助学习、生成式AI利弊辨析等热点，考查数字时代的理性判断与应用能力。数字素养--聚焦网络安全、信息辨别、数字鸿沟、数据隐私，强化“数字公民”责任；前沿科技--量子计算、航天成就、新能源技术、智慧城市、机器人成为命题新增长点；科技伦理--探讨人机关系、科技向善、知识产权、数据共享，呼应“科技赋能与价值引领”的双重目标。 分析有理·押题有据 “闪电”夺得2026人形机器人半马冠军 4月19日，2026北京亦庄半程马拉松暨人形机器人半程马拉松开跑。全球超百支赛队、300余台机器人与1.2万名人类跑者同场竞技，规模较去年增近5倍。荣耀齐天大圣队“闪电”机器人以50分26秒夺冠，成绩超越人类半马世界纪录。赛事首次规模化应用自主导航技术，机器人步态、续航、算法全面升级。本次赛事以赛促研、以赛促产，为人形机器人技术落地提供实战考场，彰显中国具身智能产业的快速突破与科创实力，为未来产业发展注入新动能。 “闪电”夺得2026人形机器人半马冠军 Champion Crowned at 2026 Beijing E-Town Half Marathon and Humanoid Robot Half Marathon The 2026 Beijing E-Town Half Marathon and Humanoid Robot Half Marathon officially took place on April 19. As the second edition of the world's first branded(品牌化) humanoid robot half marathon which made its debut in 2025, the event has established itself as an influential global platform for testing and advancing humanoid robot technologies. After fierce competition, Shandian (Lightning), developed by Team MonkeyKing under Honor, took the championship with an impressive time of 50 minutes and 26 seconds. This result represents a dramatic breakthrough compared with the 2025 winning time of nearly two hours and 41 minutes, and beats the current men's world record for the human half marathon. It fully reflects the rapid progress of robots in running speed, dynamic balance and stamina. The 21.0975-kilometer race started at Kechuang 17th Street and finished at Nanhaizi Park, covering several well-known landmarks in the Beijing Economic Technological Development Area, including Robot World, Paulownia Boulevard and BOE's headquarters. Featuring more than ten types of terrain such as flat roads, slopes, curves and narrow sections, the course offered a demanding real-world challenge for the competing robots. Participants were divided into fully autonomous robots and remotely controlled robots. To encourage the development of independent intelligent technologies, the actual finishing time of remotely controlled robots was multipliedby a 1.2 coefficient (系数). Meanwhile, nearly 40 percent of the teams used fully autonomous robots this year, a marked rise from the previous year. The event is more than a sports competition. It embodies the concept of promoting research, industrialization and application through competitions, providing a valuable real-scenario test for embodied intelligence (具身智能). It also highlights China's steady progress in the research and development of humanoid robots, supporting the innovative development of the global high-end equipment industry. 1. What can we learn about the event from Paragraph 1? A. It was first held to promote international robot brands. B. It has been running smoothly for at least three years. C. It is the world's oldest humanoid robot marathon. D. It has become an influential platform for related technology. 2. Why is the achievement of Shandian in Paragraph 2 mainly mentioned? A. To prove robots have fully replaced humans in long-distance running. B. To show the robot's major progress in key physical abilities. C. To imply the 2025 champion was technically outdated. D. To predict human marathon records will be broken soon. 3. Which of the following is true according to the text? A. All participating robots must be remotely controlled. B. The race route only covers simple and flat urban roads. C. A weighting system is used for some robots' results. D. Most teams chose fully autonomous robots this year. 4. What does the underlined word "demanding" in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Difficult. B. Easy. C. Popular. D. Powerful. 5. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To promote a latest humanoid robot product. B. To compare different technologies in robot races. C. To introduce a tech-themed sports event. D. To explain how AI industrialization is promoted. 【全文翻译】 2026 北京亦庄半程马拉松暨人形机器人半程马拉松于4月19 日正式开赛。该赛事作为2025年首次举办的全球首个品牌化人形机器人半程马拉松的第二届，已成为检验和推动人形机器人技术发展的重要国际性平台。 经过激烈角逐，荣耀旗下猴王团队研发的人形机器人“闪电”，以50分26秒的优异成绩斩获冠军。这一成绩相较于2025年近2小时41分的夺冠成绩实现了跨越式突破，甚至超越了当前男子半程马拉松人类世界纪录，充分展现了机器人在奔跑速度、动态平衡与耐力方面的飞速进步。 本次赛事全程 21.0975公里，赛道起点设于科创17街，终点为南海子公园，途经北京经济技术开发区内机器人世界、泡桐大道、京东方总部等多处知名地标。赛道包含平坦路面、坡道、弯道、狭窄路段等十余种地形，为参赛机器人设置了严苛的现实场景挑战。 参赛机器人分为全自动机器人与遥控机器人两大组别。为鼓励自主智能技术发展，遥控机器人的实际完赛成绩需乘以1.2的系数计算。本届赛事中，近四成参赛队伍采用全自动机器人，较上一年度有显著提升。 该项赛事不仅是一场体育竞技，更践行了“以赛促研、以赛促产、以赛促用”的理念，为具身智能技术提供了宝贵的实景测试场景。赛事也彰显了中国人形机器人研发领域的稳步发展，助力全球高端装备产业的创新发展。 【障碍单词】 1 / 28 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 crowned /kraʊnd/v.为……加冕；宣告夺冠 debut /ˈdeɪbjuː/n. 首次亮相；初次举办 influential /ˌɪnfluˈenʃl/adj. 有影响力的 fierce /fɪəs/adj. 激烈的；猛烈的 dramatic /drəˈmætɪk/adj.巨大的；显著的 breakthrough /ˈbreɪkθruː/n. 突破 dynamic /daɪˈnæmɪk/adj. 动态的 balance /ˈbæləns/n. 平衡 stamina /ˈstæmɪnə/n. 耐力；体力 terrain /təˈreɪn/n. 地形；地势 slope /sləʊp/n. 斜坡；坡道 autonomous /ɔːˈtɒnəməs/adj.自主的；自治的 coefficient /ˌkəʊɪˈfɪʃnt/n. 系数 markedly /ˈmɑːkɪdli/adv. 显著地 embody /ɪmˈbɒdi/v. 体现；包含 industrialization /ɪnˌdʌstriəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/n. 产业化 application /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/n. 应用 highlight /ˈhaɪlaɪt/v. 强调；突出 steady /ˈstedi/adj. 稳定的 innovative /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/adj. 创新的 密押预测·精练通关 Passage 1 （25-26高三·全国·二轮复习卷）ByteDance’s Seedance 2.0: A New Star in AI Video In early February 2026, ByteDance’s latest AI video model, Seedance 2.0, captured global attention. It is celebrated for its powerful capabilities, becoming one of the most discussed tech topics. What makes Seedance 2.0 stand out? It can generate both video and synchronized sound simultaneously, producing remarkably natural results. Its key advantage is multi-lens storytelling (多镜头叙事). From a short text or a single image, it can produce coherent scenes while maintaining consistency in characters, lighting, and style. The model also supports 2K resolution (分辨率) and accepts various inputs, making video creation more efficient.  Compared with competitors such as OpenAI’s Sora, Seedance 2.0 demonstrates strong performance in both speed and output quality. Industry experts view it as a powerful tool for creators rather than a replacement boosting sectors such as media, short-term drama, and digital content creation. However, its launch swiftly triggered intense ethical (伦理的) debates. A major concern arose when tests showed that the model could generate realistic videos, including matching voices, from just a portrait photo. This raised immediate alarms about impersonation (身份冒用) and privacy risks, prompting ByteDance to quickly suspend the specific feature. Alongside these ethical challenges, the technology still faces technical issues like occasional unnatural movement. Seedance 2.0 marks a significant step in AI video development, highlighting the rapid progress of the field and China’s rising role in global AI innovation. It underscores the critical question of how to harness such powerful technology safely and responsibly. 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．The history of Seedance 2.0. B．The global influence of ByteDance. C．The immediate popularity of Seedance 2.0. D．The detailed functions of AI video models. 2．What is Seedance 2.0’s key advantage? A．Its low cost for daily users. B．Its multi-lens storytelling ability. C．Its ability to work without the Internet. D．Its compatibility with all video software. 3．Why did ethical debates break out after Seedance 2.0’s launch? A．It produced videos of poor quality. B．It took the place of human creators completely. C．It cost too much for ordinary companies. D．It could create realistic videos and voices from only a photo. 4．What did ByteDance do to deal with the serious concern? A．It stopped the related high-risk feature. B．It improved the video speed immediately. C．It lowered the price of the model. D．It made the technology open to the public. 5．What is the author’s attitude toward Seedance 2.0? A．Completely negaive. B．Strongly doubtful. C．Objective and rational. D．Fully supportive. Passage 2 （2026·天津·模拟预测）AI and Energy: Is AI Increasing Power Demand? AI consumes large amounts of energy: a single ChatGPT response uses around 10 times the electricity of a Google search, and its more than 400 million weekly active users increase demand. DeepSeek claimed higher energy efficiency but also faced doubts, keeping AI’s energy use a persistent concern. Here is the daily energy comparison between ChatGPT and Google search. Operation Type Energy Per Search Daily Energy Use ChatGPT Response 0.0029 kWh 621.4 MWh Google Search 0.0003 kWh 10.8 MWh Given the energy consumption, AI adoption won’t slow as firms view it as essential, so a smart strategy is needed to employ AI’s benefits while meeting sustainable goals. Luckily, industry experts are developing various solutions to address this challenge. Hardware upgrades Use power-limited, carbon-efficient hardware (e.g., IBM’s 2025 new chips) to cut energy Simple Models Firms choose smaller, low-energy, cost-effective models for specific needs. Potential Solutions Efficient Training End underperforming models training early; design models for energy efficiency (sustainable design) Renewable Energy Build data centers near regions rich in renewable energy. Open Source AI firms share energy-saving tools instead of competing privately. The AI-related energy risks have gained visibility, triggering public awareness and action. Yet focusing on energy alone cannot break the cycle of compounding environmental and operational pressures. “To address AI-energy risks and unlock long-term value, companies and investors must move beyond their narrow roles in the AI value chain. They should pursue strategies that create shared value by advancing business goals while benefiting society and the environment,” notes Lauren Smart in World Economic Forum. 1．How much more daily energy does ChatGPT consume than Google Search? A．632.2MWh. B．621.4 MWh. C．610.6 MWh. D．10.8MWh. 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．ChatGPT has less than 400 million weekly active users. B．DeepSeek’s claim of higher energy efficiency was widely accepted. C．A Google search uses 10 times the electricity of a ChatGPT response. D．Firms will not slow down AI adoption as they consider it necessary. 3．Which of the following is an effective measure to cut AI energy use? A．Adopting energy-saving chips. B．Selecting larger models. C．Establishing more data centers. D．Encouraging firm competitions. 4．According to Lauren Smart, AI companies should adopt a mission that ________. A．creates shared value B．gains public recognition C．follows existing regulations D．maximizes investor’s profits 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the development history of AI technology. B．To compare the energy use of ChatGPT and Google Search. C．To discuss the energy risks of AI and the relevant solutions. D．To explain the reasons why AI is essential to companies. Passage 3 （2026·天津·一模）A quantum battery (量子电池) has been built within a quantum computer, marking a significant step toward determining if it could one day power future quantum technologies. Conventional batteries store energy through chemical reactions. Quantum batteries, however, rely on tiny particles called quantum bits (qubits, 量子比特). Instead of chemicals, these batteries store energy by focusing on the various ways these particles can stay in at the same time — a phenomenon called superposition (叠加). This unique process may lead to better battery performance. Some studies have shown that using these special features can result in faster charging, but the practicality of such quantum batteries remains an open question. “Many future quantum technologies will need their own versions of batteries,” says Dian Tan, a researcher in Hefei, China. “While we have made great progress in building quantum computers, the way these systems store energy has not been fully explored.” Tan and his team built a prototype using 12 superconducting qubits arranged in a network, where energy was stored in the collective quantum state of the system. The researchers tested two different charging methods. One worked like a conventional battery, while the second one took advantage of the interactions between qubits. The team found that the second method allowed the battery to charge more efficiently, gaining more power in less time. This suggests that these unique interactions could be the key to better battery performance in the quantum world. Despite these promising lab results, translating them into practical advantages is challenging. “Comparing conventional batteries with quantum ones is difficult,” says Dominik Safranek at Charles University in the Czech Republic. In his view, the path from laboratory breakthroughs to everyday consumer products remains unclear. Tan sees his battery as a perfect match for future quantum computers. Now, the researchers want to combine their battery with a quantum heat engine. This device would produce energy to be stored in the battery, creating a self-sustaining system within a quantum computer. 1．How do quantum batteries store energy differently from conventional ones? A．By using different particle states. B．By improving chemical reactions. C．By adding more storage units. D．By reducing the battery size. 2．Why did Tan’s team test two different charging methods? A．To make the conventional battery system efficient. B．To find the best state for the quantum batteries. C．To simplify the conventional charging process. D．To explore the advantage of quantum interactions. 3．What is Dominik Safranek’s view on quantum batteries? A．Their value remains to be proven. B．Their performance is difficult to judge. C．Their practical application is challenging. D．Their lab result seems unsuccessful. 4．What will Tan’s team probably do next? A．Put the battery into a quantum computer. B．Build a new classical heat engine. C．Make their charging methods better. D．Link the battery to a heat engine. 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．The status and future of conventional batteries. B．The potential and challenges of quantum batteries. C．The chemical principles behind conventional storage. D．The guaranteed success of fast quantum charging. Passage 4 （25-26高三上·天津滨海新·月考）Being stuck in miles of stopped traffic is not a relaxing way to start or finish a holiday. And as we move slowly along the road, many of us will fantasize a future free of traffic jams. As a mathematician and motorist, I view traffic as a complex system, consisting of many interacting agents, including cars, trucks, cyclists and walkers. Sometimes these agents interact in a free-flowing way and at other times they simply come to a stop. All situations can be examined — and hopefully improved — using mathematical modeling. For instance, mathematical models tell us that if drivers kept within the variable speed limits on a motorway, traffic would flow consistently at, say, 50 mph. However, we tend to drive more aggressively (激进地), speeding up as soon as the opportunity arises — and being forced to slow down moments later. The result is greater fuel consumption and a longer overall journey time. Cooperative driving seems to go against human nature when we get behind the wheel. But could this change if our roads were taken over by driverless cars? In theory, driverless cars will typically drive within the speed limits, have faster reaction times allowing them to drive closer together and will behave less randomly than humans. Choosing the best route, accounting for barriers and traffic volume, driverless cars will behave in a more rational (理性的) way, as they can communicate with other cars and quickly change their route or driving behavior. Of course, even integrating driverless cars into the best modeling, we could still get to the point where there are simply too many cars on the road, and traffic jams can occur. Yet there is still potential for self-driving cars to help. Some car makers expect that eventually we will stop viewing cars as possessions and instead simply treat them as a transport service. Again, by applying mathematical modeling, we could make this shared autonomous vehicle service operate most efficiently, reducing the overall number of cars on the road. So a combination of driverless cars and mathematics might help navigate (导航) a smoother journey ahead. 1．What does the author think of traffic flow? A．It is unpredictable and uncontrollable. B．It depends heavily on drivers’ skills. C．It is affected by many factors. D．It follows strict patterns. 2．What is the major reason behind traffic problems? A．Poor traffic planning. B．Wild driving behavior. C．Terrible road conditions. D．Unreasonable speed limits. 3．How do you understand “cooperative driving” in paragraph 3? A．Driving with passengers. B．Driving that follows traffic rules. C．Driving that adjusts to others. D．Driving in large groups. 4．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about driverless cars? A．How they may ensure road safety. B．How they reduce fuel use. C．How they would improve traffic. D．How they could avoid barriers. 5．What might future transportation be like? A．Fewer private cars. B．Smarter navigation. C．More urban motorways. D．More efficient traffic rules. Passage 5 （25-26高二下·天津·月考）Last year scientists reported using a neural implant (神经植入物) in a man’s brain to restore his ability to communicate. The man has been partially paralyzed and unable to produce comprehensible speech since suffering a severe stroke. It is the latest advance in the exploding field of brain-computer interfaces (接口), or BCIs, which allow computers to read information out of a living brain. Brain-computer interfaces are possible because of two facts. The first is that your brain contains hundreds of tiny maps. Each represents specific features of your physical feelings and intended actions. And crucially, the basic set of brain maps and their locations within the brain are very similar across individuals. Thanks to their specialized functions and universal locations, brain maps are ideal entry points for BCI technologies. Picking up signals from a brain map is only the first step in making a useful BCI. Although the location of a brain map is the same across individuals, the details — what patterns of activity within the map mean — differ from person to person. In a sense, the unique features of your specific brain maps serve as a kind of encryption (加密), safeguarding your specific thoughts and feelings from would-be spies. That brings us to the second fact that makes BCIs possible. Thanks to advances in machine learning, scientists have developed programs that can learn to recognize key patterns in a vast sea of numbers. They train these programs to decode (解码) brain signals by feeding them tons of examples. Researchers developing BCIs often create such examples by instructing an individual to think specific thoughts at specific times, creating a neural curriculum for the program to learn from. While the universal features and locations of brain maps make them obvious entrances for BCIs, the unique features of your brain maps tend to protect them from spying eyes. In cases where BCIs have successfully read specific thoughts or intentions from a brain, it has been with the permission of the individual whose brain was being read. But there are surreptitious ways to train decoders on your brain without your knowledge. This can happen if your neural data falls into the hands of companies with detailed information about your activities. Like all technologies, brain-computer interfaces are not necessarily good or bad. Yet while harvesting the benefits of BCIs, we need to ensure that we have the means to protect ourselves from corporations with every motive to take advantage of this technology for their financial gain. 1．What can we know about the neural implant mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．It completely cured the man’s paralysis. B．It helped the man speak understandably again. C．It has been widely used in clinical applications. D．It can take the place of damaged brain maps. 2．What can we learn about brain maps? A．They carry unique characteristics B．They can process encrypted signals. C．Their functions vary from person to person. D．Their locations reveal human thinking patterns. 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．BCIs can boost brain signals dramatically. B．BCIs could help recover from brain injuries. C．Machine learning enables BCIs to read mind. D．The decoding of brain may be affected by BCIs. 4．What does the underlined word “surreptitious” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Secure. B．Stable. C．Standard. D．Secret. 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The future trend of BCIs. B．The potential risks of BCIs. C．The working principle of BCIs. D．The general applications of BCIs. Passage 6 （25-26高三上·天津·月考）I never planned to fake my data. My project involved interviewing the customers who were visiting a games shop in central London, then measuring the distance they had travelled. Arriving at the location with a clipboard, I realized that I didn’t have the nerve. I went home and began to dream up some realistic-seeming numbers. I am a little ashamed of myself. However, I was about 14 years old at the time. I am confident that the scientific record has not been corrupted by my sins. I wish I could say that only school children fake data, but the evidence suggests otherwise. Stuart Ritchie’s book Science Fictions argues that “fraud in science is not the rare scenario that we desperately hope it to be”. This matters. Fraudulent research wastes the time of scientists who try to build on it, as well as the money of funding agencies that support it. It undermines the reputation of good science. Above all, if the insights produced by good science make the world better, then false beliefs produced by fraudulent science make the world worse. Consider the desperate search for treatments for the flu. Medical researchers have struggled to test out treatments from vitamin D to the deworming (除虫) drug ivermectin (伊维除虫菌素), but the results have often been small or flawed studies. However, an influential working paper, published late last year, described a large trial with very positive results for ivermectin. It gave a lot of people hope and inspired the use of ivermectin around the world, although the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration advise against ivermectin’s use to treat the disease. The research paper was withdrawn on July 14, after several researchers discovered anomalies (反常现象) in the underlying data. Some patients appeared to have died before the study even began, while other patient records seemed to be duplicates (复制品). There may be an innocent explanation for this but it certainly raises questions. On August 17, there was an unsettling development in a quite different field, behavioral science. Data detectives Uri Simonsohn, Joe Simmons, Leif Nelson and anonymous co-authors published a forensic (法医的) analysis of a well-known experiment about dishonesty. The experiment, published in 2012, was based on data from a motor insurer in which customers had supplied information about mileage along with a declaration that the information was true. Some signed the declaration at the top of the document, while others signed at the bottom and those who signed at the top were more likely to tell the truth. It’s an intuitive (直观的) and influential discovery. The only problem with this, according to Simonsohn and his colleagues, is that it is apparently based on faked data. “There is very strong evidence that the data were fabricated,” they conclude. Several of the authors of the original article have published statements agreeing. What remains to be seen is who or what was behind the suspected fabrication. Dan Ariely, the most famous of the authors of the original study, was the one who brought the data to the collaboration. He told me in an email that "at no point did I knowingly use unreliable, inaccurate, or manipulated data in our research”, expressing regret that he did not sufficiently check the data that were supplied to him by the insurance company. Both episodes are disheartening: science is hard enough when everyone involved is acting in good faith. Scientists need to get back the traditional values of the field, which include the open sharing of scientific ideas and data, and rigorous scrutiny (严格审查) of those ideas. 1．Why did the author fake his data in the school project? A．Because he wanted to impress his teacher. B．Because he lacked the tools to collect real data. C．Because he was afraid of interacting with the customers. D．Because he was too young to understand the impact of his actions. 2．Which of the following is NOT a consequence of faking data as described in the passage? A．The waste of time and funding. B．The misuse of the research facilities. C．The corruption of the integrity of science. D．The promotion of false beliefs that harm society. 3．It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A．The ivermectin study’s flaws were discovered by health authorities. B．The issue of faking data is more widespread in the medical field. C．The behavioral study’s data was initially believed to be reliable. D．The intention of the insurance company remains to be known. 4．What was the primary reason the 2012 behavioral science study about dishonesty became questionable? A．The experimental design was fundamentally flawed and not intuitive. B．The journal that published it later retracted the paper due to public pressure. C．Data analysis revealed strong evidence that the data had been fabricated. D．The insurance company that provided the data admitted to errors in its records. 5．The following part of the passage will most likely discuss ________. A．reasons for data fabrication B．effects of fraud on scientific progress C．case studies of scientific fraud in various fields D．measures to preserve the traditional values of science Passage 7 （25-26高三下·天津·开学考试）The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for machine learning development and the Chemistry Nobel was for protein structure prediction via AI. Some said the physics prize wasn’t really physics. “AI is coming for science, too,” the New York Times concluded. With powerful large language models, AIs can generate various outputs and even make Nobel-winning discoveries. But have AIs really taken over science? To begin with, the physics prize went to Hinton and John Hopfield, a physicist, who discovered how the physical dynamics of a network can encode memory. Hopfield came up with a vivid comparison: a ball, rolling across a bumpy landscape, will often “remember” to return to the same lowest valley. Hinton’s work extended Hopfield’s model. In short, the Physics Nobel was awarded for fundamental research about the physical principles of information, not the broad umbrella of “AI” and its applications. Meanwhile, the Chemistry Nobel was awarded to biochemist David Baker and DeepMind researchers Demis Hassabis and John Jumper. Baker first developed software to design novel protein structures from scratch. Yet by 2018, of the roughly 200 million proteins cataloged in all genetic databases, only about 150,000 had confirmed structures. Then Hassabis and Jumper introduced AlphaFold, which provided accurate folding structures for the rest. But even so, the AI has failed to predict defects in proteins. It’s not a catholicon for every problem in protein folding, but rather an excellent tool. Many of these tools have disappeared into their uses. We rarely pause to consider the transistor (晶体管) (for which the 1956 physics prize was awarded) when we use electronics containing them by the billions. Some powerful machine-learning features are already on this path. The neural networks that provide accurate language translation or song recommendations in popular consumer software programs are simply part of the service. In science, as in so many other domains, this trend suggests that when AI tools become commonplace, they will fade into the background, too. Still a reasonable concern might be that such automation threatens the efforts of human scientists. As AI becomes essential to further scientific progress, will any prizes recognize work truly free of AI? AI can revolutionize science. It has already helped us see proteins with previously unimaginable clarity. Soon AIs may dream up new molecules for batteries. In short, they may do many things, some of which previously seemed impossible. But they have a crucial limitation tied to something wonderful about science: its empirical dependence on the real world, which cannot be overcome by computation alone. Science also needs experimenters — human experts driven to study the universe, and who will ask questions an AI cannot. Physics — its core ethos (精神特质) is “that the world is understandable” in quantitative, predictive terms only by careful experiment and observation. That real world still exists for future scientists to study, whether aided by AI or not. 1．Regarding the Nobel Prize in Physics, the author might think ______. A．it should have been awarded to more physicists B．it aims to encourage physicists to engage in AI research C．it is a recognition of the broad applications of AI in physics D．it is justified for its focus on physical principles of information 2．What was the primary achievement of Demis Hassabis and John Jumper? A．They developed software to design novel protein structures from scratch. B．They provided precise folding structures for all proteins. C．They found correct folding structures for the majority of proteins via AI. D．They discovered a new method to encode memory in networks. 3．What does the word “catholicon” underlined in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．A final solution. B．A big improvement. C．A complete cure-all. D．A common obstacle. 4．What can we learn from this passage? A．AI tools are restricted to specific scientific branches. B．AI tools will become less noticeable once widely used. C．AI will overcome its dependence on real-world experience. D．AI poses a threat to traditional methods of scientific inquiry. 5．What would be the best title for this passage? A．AI and Science: Revolution or Evolution? B．Is AI Coming to End Scientific Exploration? C．Al and Science: A New Era of Collaboration? D．Is AI Dominant in Nobel-Winning Discoveries? Passage 8 （2026·天津河东·一模）The 2026 CCTV Spring Festival Gala featured a breathtaking performance that seamlessly blended traditional Chinese martial arts with cutting-edge technology: a carefully designed martial arts routine performed by humanoid robots. This was not merely entertainment for the audience; it was a powerful declaration of China’s rapid and impressive advancements in the fields of robotics and artificial intelligence. Compared to their debut just a year earlier, the 2026 robots demonstrated astonishing progress in every aspect. Gone were the stiff, awkward and hesitant movements of the past. Dozens of Unitree’s G1 humanoid robots perfectly carried out complex and skillful actions, including high-speed flips, synchronized (同步的) nunchaku swings, and even the delicate, unsteady steps of “Drunken Fist.” They maintained stable balance, performed flawless formations, and interacted safely with young human martial artists, a breakthrough that reflected huge leaps in both stability and dynamic motion control. Behind the striking performance lies a convergence of advanced technologies that together make such precise movements possible. Powered by highly developed AI control systems and equipped with LiDAR (激光雷达) sensors, the robots can map the 3D stage environment in real time, enabling them to recognize their positions accurately and adjust their movements instantly to stay perfectly synchronized. Their flexible jumps and flips rely on powerful actuators (执行器) and massive professional training data, proving that machines can now attain a level of athleticism once considered unique to humans. The meaning of the display goes far beyond artistic effect. As a milestone in intelligent manufacturing, the show underlines China’s growing competitiveness in the global humanoid robot industry. While Chinese companies take a major share of the world market, the gala performance more importantly shows the nation’s strong ability to combine AI technology with a complete supply chain. It suggests a future where robots, having mastered the precision of kung fu, will undertake complex tasks in industry and daily life, turning technological strength into practical social value. 1．What was the most significant improvement in the 2026 robot performance compared to the previous year? A．The robots performed hesitant movements on a larger stage. B．The robots moved more smoothly and performed complex actions. C．The robots were controlled by young human performers. D．The robots could speak and interact with the martial audience. 2．The underlined word “convergence” in Paragraph 3 most probably means _________. A．combination B．competition C．conflict D．creativity 3．How did the robots maintain perfect synchronization during the performance? A．They followed fixed routes without any adjustment. B．They were remotely controlled by engineers behind the stage. C．They used sensors to map the stage and adjust movements in real time. D．They responded to voice commands from human performers. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The performance was meant to show robots are better than humans at martial arts. B．China has led the world in all fields of intelligent manufacturing. C．Human performers will gradually disappear from traditional cultural galas. D．The performance stood for China’s progress in AI and manufacturing integration. 5．According to the passage, what future role are these robots expected to play? A．Replacing all human workers in factories. B．Performing only in entertainment shows. C．Taking on complex tasks in industry and daily life. D．Competing in international martial arts competitions. Passage 9 （25-26高二下·天津河北·开学考试）Robots do many things formerly done only by humans — from farming to driving cars — but scientists have invented a “smart” paint spray can (喷漆罐) that robotically reproduces photographs as large-scale murals (按大比例绘制的壁画). The computerized technique, which basically spray paints a photo, isn’t likely to create super-huge murals, but it can be used in digital art. Spray paint is affordable and easy to use. But covering walls of buildings and other large surfaces can be technically difficult even for skilled artists. The researchers wanted to create a way to help non-artists create reproductions of photographs as murals using spray painting. So, they developed a computer system. As the person waves the pre-programmed spray can, the system automatically (自动地) hits the spray on/off button to reproduce the specific image as a spray painting. Paint instructions are sent via radio directly connected to the spray nozzle (喷嘴). A nearby computer decides the amount of paint of each color to spray in real time. The result is that the painting appears itself as the user waves the can around, without the user necessarily needing to know the picture beforehand. Due to difficulty getting permission to spray paint buildings, the researchers tested the automated painting system on large sheets of paper. While the current testing of the method focused on flat surfaces, researchers have pointed out a real benefit of the new technique over standard printing: its usability on more complicated (复杂的) painting surfaces, including soft surfaces. “In this research, we can bring assistance technology to the physical world even for this very traditional painting technique,” says co-author Wojcicch Jarosz, an assistant professor of computer science. “We hope our assistive approach could be a modern take on ‘paint by numbers’ for spray painting and enable unskilled users to create a physical piece of art.” 1．What is the main function of the new technique? A．To train robots to drive automatically. B．To create murals from photographs. C．To cover large murals on buildings. D．To paint digital murals on computers. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the new technique? A．Its target users. B．Why it matters. C．Its future application. D．How it works. 3．Where did the researchers test the painting system? A．On large sheets of papers. B．On walls of old buildings. C．On rocks of remote mountains. D．On surfaces of disused cars. 4．What is an advantage of the new technique? A．It is affordable and easy to use. B．It can be used on complex surfaces. C．It has excellent safety standards. D．It can be run by a personal computer. 5．What do researchers expect of the new technique? A．It’ll replace traditional spray painting. B．It’ll transform the digital art industry. C．It’ll let more people enjoy artistic creation. D．It’ll encourage the development of art education. Passage 10 （25-26高二上·天津河东·期末）Nicola Tesla was born on 10th July 1856 in Croatia. From a very young age, Tesla was interested in electricity. In 1881 Tesla moved to Budapest and got a job. It was there that Tesla first thought of the idea of the alternating current (交流电) (AC). In 1884, Tesla moved to America and worked for Thomas Edison. But Tesla worked for Edison for less than a year. Tesla was sure his AC motor was the best way to capture and transport the power of electricity. However, Edison thought his way of using direct current (DC) was better and considered AC unsafe. But soon the scientific community accepted AC was more powerful than DC and it was proved safe. In 1895, Tesla designed the first water power plant using the energy of the Niagara Falls. And he did it using the AC motor. After the success of AC, Tesla became well known. He travelled and spoke to many scientists about his inventions and ideas. He built a large laboratory. However, it burned down not long after it was built. As Tesla got older, he continued to come up with new ideas and theories. But he was less successful and famous. Many people didn’t recognize that particular inventions were really Tesla’s ideas. Tesla gave speeches about creating electrical power from the earth’s atmosphere. He also talked about ways that wireless electricity and communication could power things all over the world. But to the people of his time, these ideas sounded crazy. However, some of his ideas have now been supported by modern research and technology. Tesla’s last years were lonely and sad. He received many awards, but received very little money. When he died in 1943, he was no longer famous and felt forgotten. Today, not many people know the name of Nicola Tesla but his inventions and ideas affect our lives every day! 1．Why did Tesla stop working for Edison? A．Tesla was badly paid there. B．They had some disagreements. C．They had very different characters. D．Tesla wanted to move back to Europe. 2．Which of the following is the correct order about Tesla’s life experiences? a．Tesla’s lab burned down.        b．Tesla worked for Edison. c．Tesla built a water power plant.    d．Tesla moved to Budapest. A．d-b-c-a. B．d-b-a-c. C．b-d-c-a. D．b-c-d-a. 3．In his later years, Tesla ______. A．lived a colorful life B．was misunderstood and doubted C．was unable to think out new ideas D．earned a lot as an award-winning inventor 4．What can we learn from the text? A．Tesla became famous as an assistant to Edison. B．Tesla was way ahead of modern technology. C．Tesla had great interest in travelling. D．Tesla was not good at speeches. 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Nicola Tesla, a challenger for difficulties B．Nicola Tesla, a dreamer in science C．Nicola Tesla, a forgotten inventor D．Nicola Tesla, a strange scientist Passage 11 （25-26高三上·天津南开·期末）All-solid-state lithium batteries (全固态锂电池) are considered the next big thing in energy storage. However, they have long faced a challenging problem. They need to maintain tight contact between the solid electrolyte (电解质) and the lithium metal electrode (锂金属电极). Now, Chinese scientists have made a breakthrough. They developed a self-adaptive layer, called an interface. This layer can actively attract lithium ions (锂离子), which then automatically fill all tiny gaps and holes, much like self-healing. This maintains tight contact between the electrode and electrolyte without needing external pressure. It decisively overcome a major bottleneck toward commercialization. Traditional methods required heavy equipment to press the parts together constantly, making batteries too big and heavy for practical use. The researchers from the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering of the CAS and Huazhong University of Science and Technology found that the contact between the lithium electrode and the solid electrolyte in all-solid-state lithium batteries is not ideal. There are numerous tiny holes and gaps present. These issues not only shorten battery lifespan but may also pose safety risks. To address this challenge, the team of researchers introduced iodide ions (碘离子) into the solid electrolyte. During battery operation, these ions move to the electrode interface under the electric field. They form an iodine-rich interface. The interface can actively attract lithium ions to fill all gaps automatically, ensuring tight contact like a self-repairing process. Test batteries made with this technology showed stable, high performance even after hundreds of charge-discharge cycles — far better than similar batteries today. This advance could lead to batteries with energy density (密度) over 500 Wh/kg and could double the battery life of devices. The breakthrough will speed up the development of high-energy all-solid-state batteries for use in human-like robots, electric planes, electric vehicles and other fields, providing safer and more efficient energy solutions. “This study fundamentally solves the key bottleneck problem that was holding back the commercialization of all-solid-state batteries, marking a decisive step toward their practical application”, said Wang Chunsheng, a battery expert at the University of Maryland. 1．What has been the main difficulty in developing all-solid-state lithium batteries? A．Their very high production cost. B．Making them work without any electricity. C．Finding enough lithium metal sources. D．Keeping their internal parts tightly together. 2．What is special about the new self-adaptive layer? A．It is made from extremely rare minerals. B．It can repair gaps by itself during use. C．It works only under very high pressure. D．It replaces the need for lithium ions. 3．What is a key advantage of the new battery design in testing? A．It can be fully charged in just seconds. B．It stays stable over hundreds of cycles. C．It can work without any electrolyte material. D．It is made from much cheaper raw materials. 4．Which statement best reflects expert Wang Chunsheng’s view of the breakthrough? A．It is only a small step in battery research. B．It is too expensive for real-world application. C．It solves the main barrier to commercial use. D．It is the final step before mass production. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a breakthrough in battery technology. B．To explain how lithium batteries are produced. C．To compare different kinds of energy storage. D．To warn about safety risks in old batteries. Passage 12 （25-26高三上·天津滨海新·月考）Is it possible to build houses that are completely self-sufficient in providing and disposing of their own water? Many areas of the world suffer from low rainfall. A lack of water is increasingly becoming a problem. How is it possible to save and better use water resources in homes? Some houses in rural areas of Australia do not have water supplied to them. The house was like this even though the people lived in a suburb called Gelorup, only 10 kilometers from the city of Bunbury. They collected all the water on the roof and from the gutters (排水沟) where it went into underground pipes that led to a large water tank. From the tank the water fed back to the house and supplied all their needs from drinking to flushing toilets. When they came to the end of the winter rainy season, they would carefully watch the level of the water in the water tank: It had an indicator on the side. The water used by the house would go into a system below the house which purified it and eventually released it into the ground. They weren’t allowed to use strong chemicals in cleaning and washing the natural bacteria needed to work in the water before it was released again. This was a great system as water was not pumped to or from their house. They were using their own water and were self-reliant. They didn’t even get a water bill! Imagine if every house could be built with this capacity. The drawback was that it often seemed to be such a waste that the water filtering (过滤) down into the ground could not be first used on the garden. When they ran low on water, it was the garden that suffered as they had to stop watering. How often they imagined that water feeding the flowers and vegetables. Now there is a system, developed by an Australian company that allows people to reuse much of that water. The system is called the Nexus eWater Recycler. On their website they explain that, “… grey water is wastewater generated by washing people and their clothes. It accounts for nearly half of the water used in a typical home…” Water from the bath, shower, sink dishwasher and washing machine is pulled into the recycler. There it is made safe enough to use on gardens and in toilets. That surely would have solved all the water problems. Houses which do not collect their own water as people in Gelorup did, can also still benefit from this system. With the system, most of the water fed to the houses can be used twice over. In addition, the system has an extra component that can be bought and installed that uses the heat from the waste bath or washing machine water to heat up a tank of clean water. 1．What do we know about people living in Gelorup from Paragraphs 2 and 3? A．They collect all the water they could find in the underground pipes B．They install a system to purify the water before it’s supplied to the family. C．They employ chemicals to kill the bacteria in water before draining it. D．They seldom worry about the volume of water in their tanks in rainy season. 2．The drawback of the system used by Gelorup is ________. A．water should be pumped into the system to be purified before releasing B．it fails to rid the waste water of unnecessary bacteria and virus before releasing C．people still have to pay high water bills because of its low recyclability rate D．the waste rate is so high that people have to sacrifice gardening when lacking water 3．What’s NOT the advantage of the Nexus eWater Recycler? A．Water dealt with by it is safer to use in gardening. B．It improves the recyclability rate of the waste water. C．It enables every drop of water to be recycled and used again. D．An extra component can help reuse energy from waste water. 4．What’s the attitude of the author towards recycling water in homes? A．Critical. B．Approving. C．Central. D．Indifferent. 5．What could be the best title for this passage? A．A House that Collects Its Own Water B．A House that lies in Rural Area C．A Famous Australian Company D．An Intellectual Washing Machine Passage 13 （25-26高三上·天津和平·月考）Modified floating wood could seed the formation of new sea ice in the Arctic, helping counteract the rapid decline of ice coverage due to global warming. The area of the Arctic Ocean covered by ice is shrinking as the climate warms, and it has been projected that the region will see its first ice-free summer day before 2030. The loss of ice leads to a vicious cycle: because the exposed water is darker than ice, it absorbs more of the sun’s heat, warming the water further and making it increasingly hard for ice to reform. This has led people to suggest various geoengineering plans to refreeze the water both in the Arctic and Antarctica. Now, Tian Li at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, and her colleagues are proposing modifying wood to help it seed the formation of new ice. “We choose wood because it’s a natural material,” says Li. “You see a lot of floating wood in ocean water and it raises much less of an environmental concern than things made of artificial materials.” To create the modified material, which they call ice-wood, the researchers took a 10-centimetre-square,1.5-centimetre-thick piece of American basswood (Tilia Americana) and cut a small chunk out of the middle. This chunk was placed on a hotplate so that one side carbonized, while the larger piece was treated with hydrogen peroxide（过氧化氢）and heat, removing much of a polymer（聚合物）called lignin. The two pieces were then put back together. Lignin gives wood its colour, so removing it makes that part of the wood whiter and better at reflecting light. The idea is that when the ice-wood floats in the sea, water is drawn up through natural microchannels. Sunlight then warms the dark, carbonized part of the surface, making the water there evaporate, after which it condenses on the colder, whiter part of the surface. During tests in ponds with water kept at about 2℃ (36°F), the top of a piece of floating ice-wood stayed below freezing, even when the air temperature reached between 7℃ and 8℃ (44.6°F and 46.4°F). Though covering the whole Arctic isn’t realistic, Li suggests that larger pieces of ice-wood could be used around coastal regions, where Indigenous people rely on ice to hunt fish, to speed up the ice coverage in winter and reduce ice loss in summer. But a big question remains about whether our focus should be on geoengineering approaches to prevent ice loss or on slowing the climate change that is causing it. “I find it strange to put so much energy into these ideas when we already know what is needed: reduced carbon dioxide emissions,” says Julienne Stroeve at University College London. 1．What is the main purpose of the “ice-wood” project? A．To clean the ocean water in the Arctic. B．To provide a new building material for coastal regions. C．To help new sea ice form in the Arctic. D．To study the behavior of seabirds in cold environments. 2．Which of the following situations best illustrates a similar “vicious cycle” as mentioned in the 2ⁿᵈ paragraph? A．A forest fire destroys trees→sunlight reaches the forest floor→new seedlings grow→the forest begins to recover. B．A student sleeps less to study more→poor sleep leads to lower concentration→needs more time to study the same material→sleeps even less. C．A farmer uses a new fertilizer→crop yield increases→the farmer earns more money→the farmer buys more land. D．A person gets a high-paying job→saves more money→makes various investments→poor investments lead to debt. 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．The wood relies on creating a temperature difference to promote ice formation. B．Lignin is removed so as to make the wood darker and better at absorbing heat. C．The carbonized part directly freezes the surrounding seawater through rapid cooling. D．American basswood was chosen as the raw material for its exceptional durability. 4．Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage? A．The Arctic Crisis: Causes and Global Consequences B．Refreezing the Arctic: The Science and Promise of Engineered Ice-Wood C．From Forest to Ocean: A New Material’s Role in the Arctic Environment D．Wood Against Warming: A Controversial Path to Save Arctic Ice 5．What is the author’s attitude towards the ice-wood project as reflected in the passage? A．Supportive B．Opposed C．Objective D．Suspicious Passage 14 （2026·天津河北·一模）Have you ever stood before Vincent van Gogh’s masterpiece The Starry Night and felt as though the sky were truly in motion? It turns out that this sensation wasn’t your eyes playing tricks on you or a mere product of your imagination. Recent scientific analysis suggests that the swirling (打旋) patterns captured on canvas are not just artistic expressions but accurate representations of atmospheric physics. A team of researchers has discovered that Van Gogh’s brushstrokes mirror real-world turbulence (湍流) with a level of precision that is scientifically astonishing. To understand this connection, researchers analysed the digital images of the painting by treating the varying brightness of the colours as a measure of kinetic energy (动能) . What they found was astonishing. The patterns in The Starry Night correspond to two important principles in fluid dynamics: Kolmogorov’s law (柯尔莫哥洛夫定律) and Batchelor’s scaling (巴切勒标度). Don’t worry if these terms sound abstract — let’s break them down. Kolmogorov’s law describes how energy flows from larger to smaller scales in turbulent flows. Imagine a big swirl breaking down into smaller and smaller ones. This is what happens in the atmosphere, oceans, and other fluid systems. Amazingly, it’s what Van Gogh’s work seems to represent. Batchelor’s scaling, on the other hand, deals with the finer details. The researchers found that the fine details in Van Gogh’s brushstrokes match this principle, which describes how substances like heat or pollutants spread in a turbulent fluid. Finding both of these patterns in one system is rare, which makes this discovery even more exciting. “It reveals a deep and intuitive (直觉的) understanding of natural phenomena. Van Gogh’s precise representation of turbulence might be from studying the movement of clouds and the atmosphere or an inborn sense of how to capture the dynamism of the sky,” says Yongxiang Huang, the study’s lead author. The fact that an artist in the 19th century could capture these complex dynamics so accurately is remarkable. This research bridges the gap between the emotional power of art and the empirical rigour (实证严谨性) of science. It demonstrates that beauty and scientific truth are not contradictory; rather, they can be deeply interconnected. So, the next time you look at The Starry Night, remember that you’re not just seeing a beautiful painting. You are watching the turbulent dance of the atmosphere, frozen in time by a genius who saw the world differently. 1．What is the author’s purpose in asking the question in Paragraph 1? A．To present the science behind a visual effect. B．To highlight the illusion created by the artist. C．To question the viewers’ ability to see details. D．To evaluate the unrealistic nature of the work. 2．Which of the following best illustrates Kolmogorov’s law? A． B． C． D． 3．According to Paragraph 4, the researchers’ finding is remarkable because ______. A．it proves Van Gogh studied physics theories B．it suggests art describes nature better than science C．it reveals a rare match between art and natural laws D．it shows Batchelor’s scaling is widely used in painting 4．According to Huang, what likely explains Van Gogh’s precise depiction of turbulence? A．His formal education in atmospheric physics. B．The calculation of kinetic energy in colours. C．The random movement of his brushstrokes. D．His sharp observation or natural instinct. 5．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Van Gogh: A Pioneer of Turbulence Research B．Van Gogh: A Talented Artist or A Natural Scientist C．The Starry Night: Art Teaches Atmospheric Physics D．The Starry Night: Beauty Meets Scientific Precision Passage 15 （2026·天津·一模）The Olympic Games represent the peak of athletic achievement. Modern athletes benefit from excellent coaching, good nutrition and recovery strategies. Yet, some are turning to unique methods to improve themselves. One such technique is called EEG neurofeedback (脑电波神经反馈), which involves placing small sensors on the head to record and display brainwaves in real time. It helps athletes recognize and produce brainwave patterns that enhance focus and relaxation, or achieve a personalized best state for their skills. When the technique displays what is happening in the brain in real time, people can easily experiment by bringing different thoughts or images to their minds. Then they’ll immediately see how the brain signals change. It is through this process that they can learn to recognize different brain states and apply psychological strategies to help them take control. In a study, researchers asked 40 adult volunteers to cycle until extreme tiredness on an exercise bike after performing just 12 minutes of neurofeedback. 13 people were asked to produce a brainwave pattern that would be conducive to endurance (耐力) exercise. The other 13 were asked to produce a brainwave pattern which wouldn’t improve performance. The remaining 14 participants had to watch a neurofeedback recording without controlling their brainwaves. The results were striking. The group that had been asked to produce the positive brainwave rode for 30% longer than the others. Later, researchers invited the 26 participants from the first two groups back to the lab. They received the opposite neurofeedback treatment from the first experiment before they repeated the cycling test. The participants rode for an average of 11% longer on the day they received the positive neurofeedback treatment. Despite these results, researchers decided to repeat the study with a larger sample and with more highly-trained cyclists to better understand the role of this technique in other sports. Scientists are now trying to use the research findings to make a difference elsewhere. The research regards neurofeedback as a potential means to help with the recovery or management of diseases of the nervous system. So, while Olympic medals are valued, if neurofeedback research could eventually lead to effective treatments beyond sports, that may well be the biggest prize of all. 1．What is the new technique EEG neurofeedback used for in sports? A．Helping build a nutritional strategy. B．Monitoring athletes’ physical strength. C．Training voluntary brain control in athletes. D．Predicting athletes’ best performance limits. 2．What does the underlined word “conducive” in paragraph 3 possibly mean? A．Identical. B．Resistant. C．Harmless. D．Beneficial. 3．Why were 26 participants invited back to the lab? A．To test the study methods. B．To provide high-level training. C．To further confirm the study results. D．To expand the groups of the subjects. 4．What might be the researchers’ attitude towards the technique’s wide use in sports? A．Cautious. B．Concerned. C．Positive. D．Tolerant. 5．What does the author intend to stress about neurofeedback research in the last paragraph? A．Its limitations outside of sports. B．Its potential to fight certain diseases. C．Its influence on athletic performance. D．Its role in competitive sports like the Olympics. Passage 16 （25-26高三下·天津南开·开学考试）In the Alps and Apennines of southern Europe, longhorn beetles are moving uphill, and a rare brown butterfly with orange-tipped wings is facing extinction due to isolation (隔离) at high peaks. This is a picture of a global trend. With temperatures rising and pressure on biodiversity growing, insects vital to our ecosystems are not only moving north and south, but up. Research shows many animals are making similar moves, but insects’ high levels of mobility and short generation times allow them to respond quickly to change. Bumblebees in the Pyrenees have moved upwards on average by more than a metre a year, with some species making significantly greater journeys. All of this shows the speed of climate change and its ecological impacts at higher altitudes. In ecology, finding the “smoking gun” to neatly explain any phenomenon is generally difficult. Prof. Christy McCain, who runs Colorado University’s Mountain Lab, said: “One thing that people don’t think about as much is context: how climate affects insects at different life stages, such as eggs and larvae. Measuring adults in summer might not reveal the most critical impacts of climate change, especially in cold and dry mountain environments.” McCain believes the way data has been collected historically is preventing their understanding, with too many museum specimens (标本) from low altitudes, and far fewer from higher up. And many groups other than butterflies and moths have been neglected. To support her view, she cites research on carrion (食腐类) beetles by a student in her lab. The study shows that climate tolerance might be passed down in these insects, which play a key role in decomposition and protect them from extreme conditions. Their long history since the Cretaceous (白垩纪) also aids their adaptation today. There is no such thing as a standard insect or response to environmental change. For some groups, it might be a case of the bigger and more mobile they are, the better their chances. There is also no universal upland habitat and this too could prove a saving grace. 1．What is the main idea conveyed in the first paragraph? A．Insects are moving to cooler places as temperatures rise. B．Most rare species in Europe have already died out. C．The Alps and Apennines have the richest biodiversity. D．Butterflies are more important than other insects. 2．Why does the author refer to bumblebees in the Pyrenees? A．To confirm their adaptability to high-altitude habitats. B．To identify a threat to particular species in mountain areas. C．To illustrate insects’ rapid response to climate shifts. D．To clarify the link between climate and ecosystem health. 3．Which statement may McCain agree with according to paragraphs 3 and 4? A．Study context is beyond grasp. B．Research data are hard to obtain. C．Collection method is unconventional. D．Insect samples are unrepresentative. 4．According to the passage, the research on carrion beetles shows that ________. A．they are unable to survive in extreme conditions B．climate tolerance may be inherited by them C．they move uphill faster than other insects D．they have the same life stages as butterflies 5．What does “a saving grace” in the last paragraph mean? A．A method used to collect data. B．A feature that helps improve a situation. C．A problem that needs to be solved. D．A type of insect that adapts well to change. Passage 17 （2026·天津南开·一模） Have you ever wished there were more hours in a day? Interestingly, NASA scientists noted that the world’s largest hydroelectric dam — China’s Three Gorges Dam has slightly extended the length of an Earth day by slowing down the planet’s rotation. While the change is relatively small, the basic physics behind it reveals that large- scale human engineering can influence the fundamental planetary processes. To grasp how a dam can change Earth’s rotation, we can start with a simple experiment: sit on a rotating chair, spin with your arms enclosed to your body and then stretch your arms out. You will slow down. This change in spinning speed is your angular velocity (角速度) decreasing. Why? Because stretching your arms increases your body’s moment of inertia (惯性), a property that depends on both mass and how that mass is distributed relative to the axis of rotation. A key principle here is the conservation of angular momentum (角动量). For an isolated rotating system like Earth, angular momentum remains constant. Therefore, if the moment of inertia increases, the angular velocity must decrease to compensate. This is precisely what happens with a massive dam. By holding vast amounts of water at a higher height, the dam redistributes the Earth’s mass farther from its rotational axis — much like extending your arms on the spinning chair. This increases the planet’s moment of inertia and, consequently, slows down its rotation. The effect is more obvious if the dam is built at a lower latitude, near the equator, where the distance to Earth’s axis is greater. The crucial question is how much the change is. Calculations using the mass of water held back by the Three Gorges Dam, its latitude, and Earth’s radius allow scientists to estimate the increase in the moment of inertia (ΔI) and the corresponding change in angular velocity (Δω). The result is a day lengthened by about approximately 5.3 microseconds (5.3 × 10-6 seconds). Although this is too brief for any human perception, it provides a measurable confirmation that human activities can indeed change global geophysical patterns. This phenomenon brings up interesting, though theoretical, possibilities. If a single dam can produce a measurable change, could other massive projects —such as constructing numerous skyscrapers or even organized global population movements — further affect the Earth’s rotation? While the extra time would still be unnoticeable in daily life, the principle demonstrates the profound interconnectedness between human engineering and planetary mechanics, showing that our largest constructions can influence right down to the fundamental rhythm of our world. 1．How does the author illustrate the change in Paragraph 2? A．By presenting the research results of NASA scientists directly. B．By introducing a practical method to observe Earth’s rotation. C．By explaining the physical principle in a daily phenomenon. D．By defining three key factors affecting the moment of inertia. 2．If a similar structure were built at the North Pole, its effect would be ________. A．much greater than at the equator B．smaller than that near the equator C．identical to the Three Gorges Dam’s D．impossible for scientists to measure 3．Why does the author mention “skyscrapers and population movements” in the last paragraph? A．To warn city designers against building more skyscrapers. B．To prove that these projects have greater effects than dams. C．To suggest organizing population movements scientifically. D．To show the potential of human activities to influence Earth. 4．What can we infer from the fact that the day is lengthened by 5.3microseconds? A．Human beings can feel the obvious change in daily life. B．The change has caused serious problems in other aspects. C．Human activities can indeed affect global physical patterns. D．The Three Gorges Dam has changed Earth’s radius slightly. 5．What is the structure of the passage? A．Introduction — Principle — Data Support — Extension B．Problem — Cause Analysis — Solution — Evaluation C．Comparison — Contrast — Conclusion — Application D．Example — Classification — Summary — Prediction Passage 18 （2026·天津·一模）Back in the day, understanding required construction. If you wanted clarity, you had to build it from the inside out, struggling with ambiguity (模糊) and uncertainty longer than feels comfortable. This “cognitive (认知的) building” emerged brick by brick and thought by thought. That work wasn’t a barrier to thought; it was the architecture of thought itself. The distance between a question and its answer shaped judgment, because the journey required the brick and mortar of human cognition. Today, however, that journey faces greater competition than ever. Artificial intelligence (AI) produces complete and often persuasive structures, bypassing the labor-intensive process of gathering bits of information or interpreting subtle clues. These AI-generated structures mix perfectly into our mental models. When answers are delivered rather than constructed, something profound shifts in the experience of reasoning. The word “easy” now borders on “cheap.” For the first time the logical flow can simply be picked, not built bit by bit. This shift is not a moral failing, but rather a natural adjustment. Our minds have commonly saved energy when lower-cost pathways were available. Yet, this redistribution of cognitive cost can change habits over time. Fluency may begin to take priority over depth merely because it arrives effortlessly. It reflects an environment in which the “energetic balance” between constructing knowledge and selecting information has been fundamentally broken. In the context of AI, human thought remains possible, but it now requires deliberately choosing the higher-effort route. Today’s challenge lies in choosing between accepting AI’s fluent answer and enduring the discomfort of deeper thought. Historically, every major cognitive technology has redistributed mental effort. Writing externalized (外化) memory, calculators externalized arithmetic and search engines externalized searching for information. Now, AI externalizes structured completion itself. When technology changes what costs effort, minds reorganize accordingly. The question isn’t whether to ban AI, but whether we recognize the invisible shift it introduces. Our capacity for deep, self-reflective thought stays strong, but it no longer sustains itself automatically. In a world where answers are conveniently pre-built, genuine depth demands self-awareness and, above all, the willingness to take the more demanding path. 1．The author uses the phrase “brick and mortar” in Para.1 to ________. A．describe a physical process B．stress needed thinking skills C．show how understanding is built D．explain how AI works perfectly 2．What is a direct consequence of relying on AI-generated answers? A．Deep thinking needs to be chosen on purpose. B．Our minds become unable to accept new ideas. C．Logical reasoning puts too much pressure on us. D．People’s interest in technology starts to drop. 3．What is the author’s opinion of the cognitive shift caused by AI? A．A necessary moral correction. B．A natural effort-saving adjustment. C．A cause of memory problems. D．A tool for energy balance analysis. 4．With the examples in the last paragraph, the writer intends to ________. A．argue against the use of AI B．warn against the loss of thought C．prove the role of technology D．show the shift in mental effort 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．AI: A Better Way to Think. B．Deep Thought: Building or Picking. C．The Age of Easy Answers. D．The Path to Deep Thinking. Passage 19 （2026·天津东丽·一模）Zhu Yancheng, a native of Anhui province, has founded Lanvita, an AI-driven memoir (回忆录) platform for the elderly. The seed of Zhu’s startup was planted by a personal experience. “My father was eager to keep his memories safe. Soon, the process of organizing everything on a computer — which he wasn’t used to — proved a real challenge and began to wear him out.” Zhu recalled. Her father’s difficulty made Zhu wonder how many other seniors shared this wish but were held back by technology. To test this assumption, she carried out a survey. The results revealed that 27.8 percent of surveyed seniors are willing to purchase memoir products for themselves, while 30.7 percent of adult children intend to buy them for their parents. “What began as a personal goal for my father was, in fact, pointing toward a wider social phenomenon.” she said. With a background in AI, Zhu developed Lanvita as a WeChat mini-program. To bridge the digital gap, she then cooperated with local communities, nursing homes, and other institutions to host offline trial sessions, allowing seniors to experience the memoir-creation process firsthand and receive completed versions of their stories shortly afterward. One participant who left a strong impression on Zhu was 89-year-old GongGuoping. Gong has lived through a life full of ups and downs, including war and major family changes, while also witnessing the development and transformation of Hefei, where he has spent his whole life. “Through Mr. Gong’s eyes, the memoir goes far beyond a personal story, becoming a historical mirror that reflects the century-long transformation of his hometown.” Zhu said. Zhu believes that meaningful products can only be created by engaging directly with elderly users and truly listening to their stories. “Face-to-face, offline services are far more effective than endless online advertisements,” Zhu noted. After the trial sessions, many seniors recommended Lanvita to friends, helping the platform grow. Through her interactions with seniors, Zhu found that although older adults may adopt AI more slowly, they are still curious and willing to try new technologies. “In this field, what we truly need is not necessarily smarter AI, but more understanding AI,” she concluded. 1．What directly drove Zhu to create the platform Lanvita? A．Her professional background in AI. B．A request from local nursing homes. C．A survey on senior consumption habits. D．Her father’s struggle with digital tools. 2．Which of the following best describes the findings of Zhu’s survey? A．There’s a widespread demand for memoir products. B．Technology remains a major barrier for most seniors. C．Adult children use more memoir products than seniors. D．Seniors prefer WeChat mini-programs to computers. 3．What does Zhu realize from Mr. Gong’s memoir? A．The record of urban development. B．The sufferings caused by wars. C．The link between personal stories and history. D．The difficulty for seniors to recall their youth. 4．What can be inferred about Lanvita’s operation? A．It includes AI knowledge from its users. B．It gains users through offline services. C．It targets seniors with computer skills. D．It relies on online advertisements. 5．What message does Zhu want to convey in the last paragraph? A．AI should be designed with a human touch. B．Seniors can master new technology with ease. C．Technology will soon make eldercare simple. D．Smarter AI will decide the future of eldercare. Passage 20 （2026·天津·一模）Zhu Yancheng, a native of Anhui province, has founded Lanvita, an AI-driven memoir (回忆录) platform for the elderly. The seed of Zhu’s startup was planted by a personal experience. “My father was eager to keep his memories safe. Soon, the process of organizing everything on a computer — which he wasn’t used to — proved a real challenge and began to wear him out.” Zhu recalled. Her father’s difficulty made Zhu wonder how many other seniors shared this wish but were held back by technology. To test this assumption, she carried out a survey. The results revealed that 27.8 percent of surveyed seniors are willing to purchase memoir products for themselves, while 30.7 percent of adult children intend to buy them for their parents. “What began as a personal goal for my father was, in fact, pointing toward a wider social phenomenon.” she said. With a background in AI, Zhu developed Lanvita as a WeChat mini-program. To bridge the digital gap, she then cooperated with local communities, nursing homes, and other institutions to host offline trial sessions, allowing seniors to experience the memoir-creation process firsthand and receive completed versions of their stories shortly afterward. One participant who left a strong impression on Zhu was 89-year-old Gong Guoping. Gong has lived through a life full of ups and downs, including war and major family changes, while also witnessing the development and transformation of Hefei, where he has spent his whole life. “Through Mr. Gong’s eyes, the memoir goes far beyond a personal story, becoming a historical mirror that reflects the century-long transformation of his hometown.” Zhu said. Zhu believes that meaningful products can only be created by engaging directly with elderly users and truly listening to their stories. “Face-to-face, offline services are far more effective than endless online advertisements,” Zhu noted. After the trial sessions, many seniors recommended Lanvita to friends, helping the platform grow. Through her interactions with seniors, Zhu found that although older adults may adopt AI more slowly, they are still curious and willing to try new technologies. “In this field, what we truly need is not necessarily smarter AI, but more understanding AI,” she concluded. 1．What directly drove Zhu to create the platform Lanvita? A．Her professional background in AI. B．A request from local nursing homes. C．A survey on senior consumption habits. D．Her father’s struggle with digital tools. 2．Which of the following best describes the findings of Zhu’s survey? A．There is a widespread demand for memoir products. B．Technology remains a major barrier for most seniors. C．Adult children use more memoir products than seniors. D．Seniors prefer WeChat mini-programs to computer software. 3．What does Zhu realize from Mr. Gong’s memoir? A．The historical record of urban development. B．The great suffering caused by wars and conflicts. C．The link between personal stories and history. D．The difficulty for seniors to recall their youth. 4．What can be inferred about Lanvita’s operation? A．It includes high-level AI knowledge from its users. B．It acquires users via offline service and trial sessions. C．It focuses on seniors with advanced computer skills. D．It relies on online advertisements to attract elderly users. 5．What message does Zhu want to convey in the last paragraph? A．AI should be designed with a human touch. B．Seniors can master new technology with ease. C．Technology will soon make eldercare simple. D．Smarter AI will decide the future of eldercare. $