语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破(11) -2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

2026-04-22
| 2份
| 41页
| 683人阅读
| 3人下载

资源信息

学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 题集-专项训练
知识点 -
使用场景 高考复习-二轮专题
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 125 KB
发布时间 2026-04-22
更新时间 2026-04-22
作者 黑夜5543
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-04-22
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/57464802.html
价格 3.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

内容正文:

语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破 第一组 1. On Feb 6, Nanning’s Qingxiu Mountain kicked __________ its 2026 Spring Festival lantern fair, which ran until May 5 to deliver a vivid festive experience blending tradition, adventure and technology. 答案:off 翻译:2月6日,南宁青秀山启动了2026年春节灯会,灯会持续至5月5日,为游客打造了一场融合传统、冒险与科技的生动节日体验。 详细解析:本题考查固定短语搭配。句中“kicked __________”需搭配介词构成固定短语,结合句意“启动灯会”,可知此处为“kick off”,意为“启动、开始(活动、赛事等)”,是最符合语境的固定搭配。句子主干为“Nanning’s Qingxiu Mountain kicked off its 2026 Spring Festival lantern fair”,后面的“which”引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“lantern fair”,说明灯会的持续时间和作用;“blending tradition, adventure and technology”是现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰“festive experience”。 核心知识点:固定短语“kick off”:① 启动、开始(活动、会议、赛事等),例:The conference will kick off at 9 a.m.(会议将于上午9点开始);② (足球比赛)开球,例:The referee blew the whistle to kick off the game.(裁判吹哨开球)。 非限制性定语从句:由“which”引导,修饰前面的先行词“lantern fair”,从句中“ran”是谓语动词,“until May 5”是时间状语,“to deliver...”是不定式作目的状语。注意:非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开,不能用“that”引导,且不能省略引导词。 现在分词作后置定语:“blending...”相当于“which blends...”,表示主动关系,即“节日体验”主动“融合传统、冒险与科技”,常用于修饰名词,表主动或进行状态。 2. __________ (span) 1,430 mu (95.3 hectares) across seven eastern scenic spots, including a music lawn, the fair promised to be a dazzling celebration for visitors of all ages. 答案:Spanning 翻译:该灯会横跨东部7个景点(包括一个音乐草坪),面积达1430亩(95.3公顷),有望成为一场适合各年龄段游客的炫目庆典。 详细解析:本题考查非谓语动词(现在分词作状语)。句子的主语是“the fair”,谓语动词是“promised”,空格处需填非谓语动词作状语,且“span”(横跨、覆盖)与主语“the fair”之间是主动关系(灯会主动“横跨”景点),因此用现在分词“Spanning”(注意首字母大写)。“including a music lawn”是插入语,补充说明“seven eastern scenic spots”;“for visitors of all ages”是介词短语作后置定语,修饰“celebration”。 核心知识点:非谓语动词作状语:① 现在分词(doing)作状语,表主动、进行,逻辑主语是句子的主语;② 过去分词(done)作状语,表被动、完成;③ 不定式(to do)作状语,表目的、结果(常为意外结果)。本题中“span”与主语“the fair”是主动关系,故用现在分词。 动词“span”的用法:① 及物动词,意为“横跨、覆盖(空间、时间)”,例:The river spans 500 meters.(这条河宽500米);② 名词,意为“跨度、范围”,例:the span of a bridge(桥的跨度)。 插入语“including”:介词,意为“包括……在内”,后接名词或代词,可置于句中、句首或句尾,例:There are 50 students in our class, including 28 girls.(我们班有50名学生,包括28名女生)。 3. Standout __________ (display) included horse-themed creations to mark the Chinese zodiac Year of the Horse, such as a lantern featuring eight horses, __________ symbol of good fortune. 答案:displays;a 翻译:突出的展品包括为纪念中国生肖马年而设计的马主题作品,例如一盏以八匹马为特色的灯笼,这是吉祥的象征。 详细解析:本题考查名词单复数和冠词用法。第一空:“standout”(突出的人或事物)是形容词,修饰名词,后面的谓语动词是“included”(复数形式),因此主语应为复数,“display”(展品、展示)的复数形式是“displays”;第二空:“symbol of good fortune”(吉祥的象征)是可数名词单数,且此处表示泛指“一种象征”,因此用不定冠词“a”,此处“a symbol of good fortune”作同位语,补充说明前面的“a lantern featuring eight horses”。 核心知识点:名词单复数一致:谓语动词的单复数由主语决定,本题中“included”是复数谓语,因此主语“standout displays”必须用复数,“display”作“展品、展示品”讲时是可数名词,复数直接加“s”。 不定冠词“a”的用法:① 用于可数名词单数前,表示泛指“一个、一种”;② 用于第一次提到的可数名词单数前;③ 用于某些固定搭配中。本题中“a symbol of...”(一种……的象征)是固定搭配,表泛指。 同位语:当两个名词或名词短语并列,且后面的名词/短语是对前面的名词/短语进行解释、补充说明时,后面的就是同位语。本题中“a symbol of good fortune”是“a lantern featuring eight horses”的同位语,说明灯笼的意义。 “feature”的用法:此处为现在分词“featuring”作后置定语,修饰“lantern”,意为“以……为特色”,相当于“which features...”;“feature”也可作谓语动词,意为“以……为特色、具有……特征”,例:The hotel features a swimming pool.(这家酒店设有游泳池)。 4. After dark, forty-five life-sized dinosaur models, ___________ (headline) by a 15-meter-tall Tyrannosaurus Rex, came alive with realistic movements and sounds, transporting visitors to a prehistoric-like atmosphere. 答案:headlined 翻译:天黑后,45个真人大小的恐龙模型(以一具15米高的霸王龙为亮点)栩栩如生,有着逼真的动作和声音,将游客带入一种类似史前的氛围中。 详细解析:本题考查非谓语动词(过去分词作后置定语)。句子的主语是“forty-five life-sized dinosaur models”,谓语动词是“came alive”,空格处需填非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰“dinosaur models”;“headline”此处意为“以……为亮点、作为重点”,与“dinosaur models”之间是被动关系(恐龙模型被霸王龙作为亮点),因此用过去分词“headlined”。“by a 15-meter-tall Tyrannosaurus Rex”说明动作的发出者;“with realistic movements and sounds”是介词短语作伴随状语;“transporting visitors...”是现在分词短语作结果状语,表自然产生的结果。 核心知识点:过去分词作后置定语:表示被动、完成,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。本题中“headlined by...”相当于“which were headlined by...”,修饰“dinosaur models”。 “headline”的用法:① 动词(及物),意为“以……为头条、以……为亮点”,例:The event was headlined by a famous singer.(这场活动以一位著名歌手为亮点);② 名词,意为“头条新闻、标题”,例:The story made the front-page headline.(这个故事登上了头版头条)。 现在分词作结果状语:表示自然产生的结果,逻辑主语是句子的主语,与句子谓语动词同时发生或先后发生;若表示意外结果,常用“only to do”。本题中“transporting visitors...”是“恐龙模型栩栩如生”带来的自然结果。 介词短语“with...”作伴随状语:表示“具有……、带着……”,用来补充说明主语的状态,例:She came in with a smile on her face.(她脸上带着微笑走了进来)。 5. From the first to the eighth day of the Chinese New Year, 700 drones formed dynamic aerial patterns, while smart robots and robot dogs engaged visitors in __________ (appeal) interactions. 答案:appealing 翻译:正月初一至初八,700架无人机组成了动态的空中图案,而智能机器人和机器狗则与游客进行了有吸引力的互动。 详细解析:本题考查形容词的用法。空格处修饰名词“interactions”(互动),需用形容词作定语;“appeal”是动词(意为“吸引、呼吁”)或名词(意为“吸引力、呼吁”),其形容词形式是“appealing”,意为“有吸引力的、动人的”,符合句意(机器人与游客进行有吸引力的互动)。句子中“while”是连词,表对比,连接两个并列分句,前一分句主语是“700 drones”,谓语是“formed”;后一分句主语是“smart robots and robot dogs”,谓语是“engaged”,“in...interactions”是介词短语作状语。 核心知识点:词性转换:“appeal”(v./n.)→ 形容词“appealing”(有吸引力的),类似转换:interest(v./n. 兴趣)→ interesting(adj. 有趣的);excite(v. 使兴奋)→ exciting(adj. 令人兴奋的)。注意:“appealing”既可修饰人,也可修饰物,例:an appealing smile(迷人的微笑)、appealing music(动人的音乐)。 连词“while”的用法:① 表对比,意为“而、然而”,连接两个并列分句,前后内容形成对比;② 表时间,意为“当……的时候”,引导时间状语从句,从句中常用进行时态;③ 表让步,意为“虽然、尽管”,相当于“though”,引导让步状语从句。本题中是表对比的用法。 固定搭配“engage sb. in sth.”:意为“使某人参与某事、让某人从事某事”,例:Teachers should engage students in class activities.(老师应该让学生参与课堂活动)。 6. In Chinese,“dim sum” translates to“touch the heart”, reflecting the idea that the small,delicate dish__________(mean) to delight diners, not to serve as a full meal but to bring a moment of 58 (please). 答案:is meant;pleasure 翻译:在中文里,“点心”的意思是“触动心灵”,这反映了一个理念:这种小巧精致的菜肴旨在取悦食客,不是作为一顿正餐,而是带来片刻的愉悦。 详细解析:本题考查固定搭配和词性转换。第一空:“be meant to do sth.”是固定搭配,意为“旨在做某事、被用来做某事”,句子主语是“the small, delicate dish”(单数),且时态为一般现在时(描述客观事实),因此填“is meant”;第二空:“a moment of...”(片刻的……)后接名词,“please”是动词(意为“取悦、使高兴”),其名词形式是“pleasure”(意为“愉悦、快乐”),符合句意。句子中“reflecting the idea that...”是现在分词短语作状语,“that”引导同位语从句,解释说明“the idea”的具体内容;同位语从句中“not to...but to...”是并列结构,表选择,意为“不是……而是……”。 核心知识点:固定搭配“be meant to do sth.”:① 旨在做某事、目的是做某事,例:This book is meant to help students improve their English.(这本书旨在帮助学生提高英语水平);② 应该做某事,例:You are meant to finish your homework on time.(你应该按时完成作业)。 词性转换:“please”(v. 取悦)→ 名词“pleasure”(愉悦),注意:“pleasure”是不可数名词,表“愉悦、快乐”,例:It gives me great pleasure to help you.(帮助你让我感到非常快乐);也可作可数名词,表“乐事”,例:It’s a pleasure to meet you.(见到你很荣幸)。 同位语从句:由“that”引导,作“the idea”的同位语,说明“理念”的具体内容,从句是完整的句子(主谓宾结构),“that”只起连接作用,不充当句子成分,不能省略。 并列结构“not to...but to...”:表示“不是……而是……”,连接两个并列的不定式结构,前后结构一致,例:He came not to help us but to ask for help.(他来不是为了帮我们,而是为了求助)。 7. Local chefs often adjust recipes to suit local tastes,__________(give) rise to fusion(融合) dim sum, which pairs classic forms with international ingredients. 答案:giving 翻译:当地厨师经常调整食谱以适应当地口味,这就催生了融合点心——将经典形式与国际食材相结合的点心。 详细解析:本题考查非谓语动词(现在分词作结果状语)。句子的主语是“Local chefs”,谓语动词是“adjust”,“to suit local tastes”是不定式作目的状语,空格处需填非谓语动词作结果状语;“give rise to”(催生、引起)与主语“Local chefs”之间是主动关系(厨师调整食谱的行为主动催生了融合点心),因此用现在分词“giving”。后面的“which”引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“fusion dim sum”,说明融合点心的特点。 核心知识点:现在分词作结果状语:表示自然产生的结果,逻辑主语是句子的主语,与谓语动词的动作同时发生或先后发生,本题中“giving rise to fusion dim sum”是“adjust recipes”带来的自然结果。 固定短语“give rise to”:意为“催生、引起、导致”,是正式用语,例:The new policy gave rise to many changes.(新政策带来了许多变化)。 不定式作目的状语:“to suit local tastes”表示“调整食谱”的目的,即“为了适应当地口味”,不定式作目的状语时,可置于句末或句首(句首时需用逗号隔开),例:To get good grades, he studies hard every day.(为了取得好成绩,他每天努力学习)。 非限制性定语从句:“which pairs classic forms with international ingredients”修饰“fusion dim sum”,“pair...with...”是固定搭配,意为“将……与……配对、结合”,例:She paired the skirt with a white shirt.(她把这条裙子和一件白衬衫搭配在一起)。 8. As someone who paints and draws, I confidently assumed that learning Chinese calligraphy would come naturally to me, but I__________(show) to be wrong after taking a class. 答案:was shown 翻译:作为一个会画画的人,我自信地认为学习中国书法对我来说会很自然,但在上了一节课后,我被证明是错的。 详细解析:本题考查被动语态。句子的主语是“I”,谓语动词是“show”,结合句意“我被证明是错的”,可知此处需用被动语态(主语“I”是动作“show”的承受者);句子时态为一般过去时(“assumed”“taking a class”均为过去的动作),因此被动语态结构为“was/were + 过去分词”,主语“I”对应的be动词是“was”,“show”的过去分词是“shown”,故填“was shown”。句子中“As someone who paints and draws”是介词短语作状语,“who”引导定语从句,修饰“someone”;“that”引导宾语从句,作“assumed”的宾语;“but”是连词,表转折,连接两个并列分句。 核心知识点:被动语态:① 结构:be + 过去分词(时态由be动词体现);② 适用场景:当主语是动作的承受者,或不知道动作的发出者时,用被动语态;③ 本题中“show sb. to be + 形容词”意为“证明某人是……”,被动形式为“sb. be shown to be + 形容词”(某人被证明是……)。 一般过去时的被动语态:结构为“was/were + 过去分词”,主语是单数时用“was”,复数时用“were”,例:He was invited to the party yesterday.(他昨天被邀请去参加派对了)。 “assume”的用法:① 及物动词,意为“认为、假定”,后可接宾语从句,例:I assume that he will come.(我认为他会来);② 固定搭配“assume sth. to be true”(认为某事是真的),例:She assumed his story to be true.(她认为他的话是真的)。 定语从句:“who paints and draws”修饰先行词“someone”,“who”在从句中作主语,指代人,从句时态为一般现在时(描述客观事实)。 9. Once we were seated, our calligraphy teacher gave a short yet appealing__________(present) showing the history of different handwriting styles and how to use the brush and ink. 答案:presentation 翻译:我们坐下后,书法老师做了一个简短但有吸引力的演示,展示了不同书法风格的历史以及如何使用笔墨。 详细解析:本题考查词性转换。空格处前面有不定冠词“a”和形容词“short yet appealing”修饰,需填可数名词单数;“present”可作动词(意为“呈现、赠送”)或形容词(意为“现在的、出席的”),其名词形式是“presentation”,意为“演示、演讲、展示”,符合句意(老师做了一个演示)。句子中“Once we were seated”是时间状语从句,“once”意为“一旦……就……”;“showing the history...and how to...”是现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰“presentation”,说明演示的内容;“how to use the brush and ink”是“疑问词+不定式”结构,作“showing”的宾语。 核心知识点:词性转换:“present”(v. 呈现;adj. 现在的)→ 名词“presentation”(演示、演讲),是可数名词,复数形式为“presentations”,例:She gave a wonderful presentation at the meeting.(她在会议上做了一场精彩的演示)。 时间状语从句“Once...”:“once”作连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“一旦……就……”,从句用一般时态,主句用将来时或一般时态,例:Once you finish your work, you can go home.(一旦你完成工作,就可以回家了)。 “疑问词+不定式”结构:常用的疑问词有how, what, where, when, which等,后面接不定式,可作主语、宾语、表语等,本题中“how to use the brush and ink”作“showing”的宾语,相当于“how we can use the brush and ink”。 形容词“yet”的用法:此处作并列连词,意为“然而、但是”,连接两个并列的形容词“short”和“appealing”,表转折,相当于“but”,但“yet”更强调对比。 10. __________its simple appearance, it can be incredibly challenging, as you cannot lift the brush off the paper——each stroke (笔画) should be completed in one movement. 答案:Despite 翻译:尽管它外表简单,但它可能极具挑战性,因为你不能把笔从纸上抬起来——每一笔都必须一笔完成。 详细解析:本题考查介词的用法。结合句意“外表简单”与“极具挑战性”之间是转折关系,空格后是名词短语“its simple appearance”(不是句子),因此需填介词(介词后接名词/代词/动名词,不能接句子);“despite”是介词,意为“尽管、不管”,后接名词短语,符合语境。若用连词“though/although”,则后面需接句子(如:Though it has a simple appearance...)。句子中“as”是连词,引导原因状语从句,说明“极具挑战性”的原因;破折号后面的内容是对前面“cannot lift the brush off the paper”的补充说明。 核心知识点:介词“despite”的用法:意为“尽管、不管”,后接名词、代词、动名词(短语),不能接句子,例:Despite the rain, we went out.(尽管下雨,我们还是出去了)。 转折关系的表达:① 介词短语:despite + 名词短语 / in spite of + 名词短语;② 连词:though/although + 句子(though可置于句首或句末,although只能置于句首),例:Although he is young, he knows a lot.(尽管他很年轻,但他知道很多)。 原因状语从句“as...”:“as”作连词,引导原因状语从句,意为“因为、由于”,语气比“because”弱,常置于句首或句中,例:As it was late, we decided to go home.(因为天晚了,我们决定回家)。 破折号的用法:此处用于补充说明,解释前面提到的“不能把笔从纸上抬起来”的具体要求(每一笔必须一笔完成)。 11. Later, we were given red paper with golden detailing,__________(common) used during the Spring Festival, and were invited to choose a character of our own__________(practice). 答案:commonly;to practice 翻译:后来,我们得到了带有金色花纹的红纸(这种纸在春节期间经常被使用),并被邀请选择一个自己的字来练习。 详细解析:本题考查副词和不定式的用法。第一空:空格处修饰过去分词“used”,需用副词;“common”是形容词(意为“常见的、普通的”),其副词形式是“commonly”,意为“经常、通常”,符合句意(红纸在春节期间经常被使用);“commonly used during the Spring Festival”是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰“red paper”,相当于“which is commonly used...”。第二空:“choose a character of our own”的目的是“练习”,因此用不定式“to practice”作目的状语,说明选择字的目的。句子中“we were given...”和“(we) were invited...”是并列的被动语态结构,主语都是“we”,后一个“were”可省略,但此处保留更完整。 核心知识点:副词修饰过去分词:副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词,也可修饰过去分词(相当于修饰被动语态的动作),本题中“commonly”修饰“used”,表示“被使用”的频率(经常被使用)。类似例:The letter was carefully written.(这封信写得很认真)。 词性转换:“common”(adj. 常见的)→ 副词“commonly”(经常、通常),形容词变副词的规则:一般在词尾加“ly”,例:slow(adj. 慢的)→ slowly(adv. 慢慢地);以“y”结尾的形容词,变“y”为“i”再加“ly”,例:happy(adj. 快乐的)→ happily(adv. 快乐地)。 不定式作目的状语:“to practice”表示“选择字”的目的,不定式作目的状语可置于句末,也可置于句首(加逗号),例:He went to the library to borrow books.(他去图书馆借书)。 被动语态的并列结构:“were given...and were invited...”,两个被动语态并列,共用主语“we”,后一个“were”可省略,即“we were given...and invited to...”,但保留“were”更强调动作的被动性。 12. Calligraphy is very important in Chinese culture as it not only reflects the traditions, but also is considered__________educational aspect of the language, considering that Chinese characters are part of the Mandarin language. 答案:an 翻译:书法在中国文化中非常重要,因为它不仅反映了传统,而且被认为是语言的一个教育方面,考虑到汉字是普通话的一部分。 详细解析:本题考查冠词的用法。空格处后面是可数名词单数“educational aspect”(教育方面),且“educational”是以元音音素/ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənl/开头的单词,因此用不定冠词“an”,表示泛指“一个教育方面”。句子中“as”引导原因状语从句,从句中“not only...but also...”是并列结构,连接两个谓语动词“reflects”和“is considered”;“considering that...”是现在分词短语作状语,“that”引导宾语从句,作“considering”的宾语,意为“考虑到……”。 核心知识点:不定冠词“an”的用法:用于可数名词单数前,且单词以元音音素(不是元音字母)开头,表泛指“一个”。常见易错点:① 以元音字母“u”开头的单词,若发音为/juː/(辅音音素),用“a”,例:a university(一所大学);② 以辅音字母“h”开头但“h”不发音的单词,用“an”,例:an hour(一小时)。本题中“educational”以元音音素开头,故用“an”。 并列结构“not only...but also...”:意为“不仅……而且……”,连接两个并列的成分(谓语、主语、宾语等),本题中连接两个谓语动词“reflects”和“is considered”,注意主谓一致(主语是“it”,谓语用单数)。 “consider”的用法:① 及物动词,意为“认为、考虑”,常用结构:consider sb./sth. (to be) + 形容词/名词(“to be”可省略),被动形式为“sb./sth. be considered (to be) + 形容词/名词”,本题中“is considered an educational aspect”即为此结构;② consider doing sth.(考虑做某事),例:I am considering changing my job.(我正在考虑换工作)。 “considering”作介词/连词:意为“考虑到、鉴于”,后接名词、代词或宾语从句,例:Considering his age, he did a good job.(考虑到他的年龄,他做得很好)。 13. In a fast-developing city like Lishui, Zhejiang, we must ask not only how much land we can develop,__________ what kind of environment we are leaving behind. 答案:but also 翻译:在浙江丽水这样快速发展的城市,我们不仅要问我们能开发多少土地,还要问我们会留下什么样的环境。 详细解析:本题考查固定并列结构。句子中“not only”(不仅)后面接了一个宾语从句“how much land we can develop”,根据固定结构“not only...but also...”(不仅……而且……),可知空格处应填“but also”;“but also”后面接另一个宾语从句“what kind of environment we are leaving behind”,两个宾语从句并列,作“ask”的宾语。句子开头“In a fast-developing city like Lishui, Zhejiang”是介词短语作状语,修饰整个句子。 核心知识点:固定并列结构“not only...but also...”:① 连接两个并列的成分(宾语、谓语、主语、状语等),本题中连接两个并列的宾语从句;② 注意:当“not only”置于句首时,句子需用部分倒装,例:Not only does he work hard, but also he is kind.(他不仅工作努力,而且人很好);本题中“not only”在句中,无需倒装。 宾语从句的并列:两个宾语从句并列作“ask”的宾语,第一个从句由“how much”引导,第二个从句由“what kind”引导,两个从句结构一致,均为“疑问词+陈述句语序”(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。 复合形容词“fast-developing”:由“副词+现在分词”构成,意为“快速发展的”,类似复合形容词:hard-working(努力工作的)、well-known(著名的),用于修饰名词,例:a hard-working student(一个努力学习的学生)。 14. Thanks to__________(share) efforts by the community, legal authorities and government, a new plan was developed: to change the road. 答案:shared 翻译:多亏了社区、司法部门和政府的共同努力,一项新计划被制定出来:改造这条道路。 详细解析:本题考查非谓语动词(过去分词作定语)。空格处修饰名词“efforts”(努力),需用形容词或分词作定语;“share”是动词(意为“分享、共同拥有”),“shared”作为过去分词,可作形容词,意为“共同的、共享的”,符合句意(社区、司法部门和政府的共同努力)。“Thanks to...”是固定短语,意为“多亏了、由于”,后接名词/代词/动名词(短语);冒号后面的“to change the road”是不定式作同位语,补充说明“a new plan”的具体内容。 核心知识点:过去分词作定语:“shared”修饰“efforts”,表示“被共同拥有的努力”,即“共同的努力”,过去分词作定语可表示被动或完成,此处表被动(努力被社区、司法部门和政府共同拥有)。类似例:shared happiness(共同的快乐)、a broken cup(一个破碎的杯子)。 固定短语“Thanks to...”:意为“多亏了、由于”,表示原因,后接名词、代词或动名词(短语),语气比“because of”更委婉,例:Thanks to your help, I finished the work on time.(多亏了你的帮助,我按时完成了工作)。注意:“thanks to”后面接的内容通常是积极的、带来好结果的,若接消极内容,常用“because of”。 不定式作同位语:“to change the road”是“a new plan”的同位语,说明计划的具体内容,相当于“a new plan that is to change the road”。 被动语态“was developed”:主语“a new plan”是动作“develop”(制定)的承受者,因此用被动语态,一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was/were + 过去分词”,“develop”的过去分词是“developed”。 15. __________ (combine) traditional paper-cutting techniques with features of various painting forms, such as Chinese painting and oil painting, Li has created her own art style: multi-layered, colored paper-cutting. 答案:Combining 翻译:李将传统剪纸技艺与多种绘画形式(如中国画和油画)的特点相结合,创造出了自己的艺术风格——多层彩色剪纸。 详细解析:本题考查非谓语动词(现在分词作状语)。句子的主语是“Li”,谓语动词是“has created”,空格处需填非谓语动词作状语;“combine...with...”(将……与……结合)与主语“Li”之间是主动关系(李主动将剪纸技艺与绘画特点结合),因此用现在分词“Combining”(注意首字母大写)。“such as Chinese painting and oil painting”是插入语,补充说明“various painting forms”;冒号后面的“multi-layered, colored paper-cutting”是同位语,补充说明“her own art style”。 核心知识点:现在分词作状语:逻辑主语是句子的主语,表主动、进行,本题中“Combining...”相当于“After Li combined...”,作时间状语或方式状语,说明“创造艺术风格”的方式。 固定搭配“combine...with...”:意为“将……与……结合”,是及物动词短语,例:We should combine theory with practice.(我们应该将理论与实践相结合)。其名词形式是“combination”,固定搭配“in combination with”(与……结合),例:The medicine is used in combination with other treatments.(这种药与其他治疗方法结合使用)。 现在完成时“has created”:结构为“have/has + 过去分词”,表示动作从过去开始,持续到现在,或过去的动作对现在造成的影响,本题中“李创造了自己的艺术风格”,这个动作对现在有影响(她现在拥有了自己的风格),主语“Li”是第三人称单数,因此用“has created”。 插入语“such as”:用于列举同类人或事物的例子,意为“例如、像……这样”,后面接名词或代词,例:There are many fruits, such as apples, bananas and oranges.(有很多水果,例如苹果、香蕉和橙子)。 16. Each layer of the whole paper-cutting piece, which is made from the paper of one single colored sheet, can __________(view) as a complete single-layer paper-cutting artwork. 答案:be viewed 翻译:整个剪纸作品的每一层(都是由一张单色纸制成的)都可以被视为一幅完整的单层剪纸艺术品。 详细解析:本题考查被动语态。句子的主语是“Each layer”,谓语动词是“view”,结合句意“每一层都可以被视为一幅完整的单层剪纸艺术品”,可知此处需用被动语态(主语“Each layer”是动作“view”的承受者);句子中“can”是情态动词,情态动词后的被动语态结构为“can + be + 过去分词”,“view”的过去分词是“viewed”,故填“be viewed”。“which is made from...colored sheet”是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“Each layer”,“be made from”是固定短语,意为“由……制成”(看不出原材料);“as a complete single-layer paper-cutting artwork”是介词短语作宾语补足语。 核心知识点:情态动词的被动语态:结构为“情态动词(can, may, must, should等)+ be + 过去分词”,表示“能够被……、必须被……”等,例:This book can be borrowed from the library.(这本书可以从图书馆借来)。 固定短语“be viewed as”:意为“被视为……、被看作……”,相当于“be regarded as”“be considered as”,例:He is viewed as a great scientist.(他被视为一位伟大的科学家)。 “be made from”与“be made of”的区别:① be made from:由……制成,看不出原材料(原材料发生了化学变化),例:Paper is made from wood.(纸是由木头制成的);② be made of:由……制成,能看出原材料(原材料发生了物理变化),例:The table is made of wood.(这张桌子是由木头制成的)。本题中“剪纸的层由纸制成”,能看出原材料,但原文用“be made from”,需遵循原文用法,同时掌握两者区别。 非限制性定语从句:“which is made from...”修饰“Each layer”,“which”在从句中作主语,指代“Each layer”,从句时态为一般现在时(描述客观事实)。 举一反三练习(15道长难句,含答案、翻译、解析及知识点) 1. With the rapid development of AI technology, more and more intelligent devices __________ (introduce) into people’s daily lives, making our life more convenient and efficient. 答案:are being introduced 翻译:随着人工智能技术的快速发展,越来越多的智能设备正被引入人们的日常生活,使我们的生活更加便捷高效。 详细解析:本题考查现在进行时的被动语态。句子主语是“more and more intelligent devices”(复数),谓语动词是“introduce”,结合句意“智能设备正被引入日常生活”,可知此处需用被动语态,且强调“当前正在发生的动作”,因此用现在进行时的被动语态,结构为“am/is/are + being + 过去分词”,主语是复数,故填“are being introduced”。“With the rapid development of AI technology”是介词短语作状语;“making our life more convenient and efficient”是现在分词短语作结果状语,表自然结果。 核心知识点:现在进行时的被动语态:① 结构:am/is/are + being + 过去分词;② 含义:表示当前正在进行的被动动作,或现阶段正在进行的被动动作;③ 例:The bridge is being built now.(这座桥现在正在被建造)。 介词短语“With the rapid development of...”:意为“随着……的快速发展”,是常用的开头句式,例:With the rapid development of the Internet, people’s way of communication has changed a lot.(随着互联网的快速发展,人们的交流方式发生了很大变化)。 现在分词作结果状语:同原题7、4,此处“making...”是“智能设备被引入”带来的自然结果,逻辑主语是整个句子。 2. __________ (devote) nearly ten years to studying the history of Chinese traditional festivals, Professor Wang finally published a landmark book about the origin and development of these festivals. 答案:Having devoted 翻译:王教授花了近十年时间研究中国传统节日的历史,最终出版了一本关于这些节日起源和发展的里程碑式著作。 详细解析:本题考查非谓语动词(现在分词的完成式作状语)。句子主语是“Professor Wang”,谓语动词是“published”,空格处需填非谓语动词作状语;“devote...to doing sth.”(致力于做某事)与主语“Professor Wang”之间是主动关系,且“devote”的动作发生在“published”之前(先花十年研究,再出版著作),因此用现在分词的完成式“Having devoted”(注意首字母大写),表示“先于谓语动词发生的主动动作”。“about the origin and development of these festivals”是介词短语作后置定语,修饰“a landmark book”。 核心知识点:现在分词的完成式:① 结构:Having + 过去分词;② 用法:表示动作发生在谓语动词之前,且与主语之间是主动关系,作状语(时间、原因等);③ 例:Having finished his homework, he went out to play.(完成作业后,他出去玩耍了)。 固定搭配“devote...to doing sth.”:意为“致力于做某事、把……投入到做某事中”,“to”是介词,后接动名词,例:She devoted all her time to helping the poor.(她把所有时间都投入到帮助穷人上)。 过去分词作后置定语:“published a landmark book about...”中,“about...”修饰“book”,说明书的内容,类似原题中“a lantern featuring eight horses”的用法。 3. The ancient temple, __________ (date) back to the Tang Dynasty, has been well-preserved by the local government and has become a popular tourist attraction. 答案:dating 翻译:这座可以追溯到唐代的古寺,被当地政府保护得很好,已经成为一个受欢迎的旅游景点。 详细解析:本题考查非谓语动词(现在分词作后置定语)。句子主语是“The ancient temple”,谓语动词是“has been well-preserved”和“has become”(并列谓语),空格处需填非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰“the ancient temple”;“date back to”(追溯到)是固定短语,与主语“the ancient temple”之间是主动关系(古寺主动“追溯到”某个年代),因此用现在分词“dating”。注意:“date back to”常用现在分词作定语,不用于被动语态,也不用于进行时态。 核心知识点:固定短语“date back to”:意为“追溯到……(年代)”,常用于一般现在时,或用现在分词作定语,例:This tradition dates back to 200 years ago.(这个传统可以追溯到200年前);a building dating back to the Ming Dynasty(一座追溯到明代的建筑)。 现在分词作后置定语:同原题2、15,此处“dating back to the Tang Dynasty”相当于“which dates back to the Tang Dynasty”,修饰“the ancient temple”,表主动关系。 现在完成时的并列谓语:“has been well-preserved”(现在完成时的被动语态)和“has become”(现在完成时)并列,共用主语“The ancient temple”,说明古寺的现状(被保护得好,且成为旅游景点)。 4. It is widely believed that the new policy, which __________ (aim) at improving people’s living standards, will bring great benefits to the whole society. 答案:is aimed 翻译:人们普遍认为,这项旨在提高人民生活水平的新政策,将为整个社会带来巨大益处。 详细解析:本题考查固定搭配和定语从句。句子中“it is widely believed that...”是固定句式,意为“人们普遍认为……”,“it”是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的“that”从句;“that”从句中,“which”引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“the new policy”(单数),从句谓语动词需用单数;“be aimed at doing sth.”是固定搭配,意为“旨在做某事、目的是做某事”,因此填“is aimed”。“will bring great benefits to the whole society”是“that”从句的主句,用一般将来时,表将来的影响。 核心知识点:固定句式“it is widely believed that...”:类似句式还有“it is said that...”(据说……)、“it is reported that...”(据报道……),“it”是形式主语,真正的主语是“that”引导的主语从句,避免句子头重脚轻。 固定搭配“be aimed at doing sth.”:意为“旨在做某事”,相当于“aim to do sth.”(主动形式),例:The program is aimed at helping children with learning difficulties.(这个项目旨在帮助有学习困难的儿童);He aims to finish the work on time.(他打算按时完成工作)。 非限制性定语从句:“which is aimed at...”修饰“the new policy”,“which”在从句中作主语,指代单数名词,从句时态为一般现在时(描述政策的目的)。 5. When we arrived at the village, we were warmly welcomed by the local villagers, who __________ (prepare) a big feast for us to celebrate our arrival. 答案:had prepared 翻译:当我们到达村子时,受到了当地村民的热烈欢迎,他们已经为我们准备了一场盛大的盛宴来庆祝我们的到来。 详细解析:本题考查过去完成时。句子中“when”引导时间状语从句,从句时态为一般过去时(“arrived”),主句中“prepare”(准备)的动作发生在“arrived”(到达)之前,即“先准备好盛宴,再到达村子”,表示“过去的过去”,因此用过去完成时,结构为“had + 过去分词”,“prepare”的过去分词是“prepared”,故填“had prepared”。“who”引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“the local villagers”,从句中“to celebrate our arrival”是不定式作目的状语,说明准备盛宴的目的。 核心知识点:过去完成时:① 结构:had + 过去分词;② 含义:表示在过去某个动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即“过去的过去”;③ 常用标志词:by the time, before, when(引导的从句用一般过去时)等,例:By the time he arrived, we had finished our work.(他到达时,我们已经完成了工作)。 非限制性定语从句:“who had prepared a big feast...”修饰“the local villagers”,“who”在从句中作主语,指代人,从句时态用过去完成时,呼应主句动作的先后顺序。 不定式作目的状语:“to celebrate our arrival”表示“准备盛宴”的目的,与原题7、11中不定式作目的状语的用法一致,可置于句末,说明动作的目的。 6. The novel, which __________ (write) by a famous Chinese writer in the 1990s, tells a touching story about the friendship between two ordinary people. 答案:was written 翻译:这部小说由中国一位著名作家于20世纪90年代创作,讲述了两个普通人之间感人的友谊故事。 详细解析:本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子主语是“The novel”,谓语动词是“write”,结合句意“小说被作家创作”,可知此处需用被动语态(主语是动作的承受者);“in the 1990s”(20世纪90年代)是明确的过去时间状语,因此用一般过去时的被动语态,结构为“was/were + 过去分词”,主语“The novel”是单数,“write”的过去分词是“written”,故填“was written”。“which”引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“The novel”,说明小说的创作时间和作者;主句“tells a touching story...”用一般现在时,描述小说的内容(客观事实)。 核心知识点:一般过去时的被动语态:① 结构:was/were + 过去分词;② 适用场景:动作发生在过去,且主语是动作的承受者,常与明确的过去时间状语(如in 1990, yesterday, last year等)连用;③ 例:The letter was written by my father yesterday.(这封信是我父亲昨天写的)。 非限制性定语从句与时态呼应:从句中“in the 1990s”是过去时间,因此从句用一般过去时的被动语态,主句描述小说的客观内容,用一般现在时,时态呼应合理。 动词“write”的过去式和过去分词:write(原形)→ wrote(过去式)→ written(过去分词),注意不规则变化,类似动词:speak → spoke → spoken;break → broke → broken。 7. In order to improve our oral English, our teacher suggests that we __________ (practice) speaking English for at least 30 minutes every day. 答案:(should) practice 翻译:为了提高我们的英语口语,老师建议我们每天至少练习30分钟英语口语。 详细解析:本题考查虚拟语气。句子中“suggest”意为“建议”,后接宾语从句时,从句需用虚拟语气,结构为“(should) + 动词原形”,“should”可省略,因此填“(should) practice”。“In order to improve our oral English”是不定式作目的状语,说明老师建议的目的;“speaking English for at least 30 minutes every day”是动名词短语作“practice”的宾语,“practice doing sth.”是固定搭配。 核心知识点:虚拟语气(suggest后的宾语从句):① 当“suggest”意为“建议”(而非“表明、暗示”)时,宾语从句用虚拟语气,结构为“(should) + 动词原形”;② 类似用法的动词还有advise(建议)、propose(提议)、demand(要求)、request(请求)等,例:He advised that we (should) start early.(他建议我们早点出发)。 固定搭配“practice doing sth.”:意为“练习做某事”,“practice”是及物动词,后接动名词作宾语,不能接不定式,例:She practices playing the piano every day.(她每天练习弹钢琴)。 不定式作目的状语:“In order to...”与原题7、11中的“to do”用法一致,表目的,可置于句首或句末,置于句首时,后面用逗号与主句隔开。 8. No matter how difficult the task is, we will never give up, because we believe that hard work __________ (lead) to success sooner or later. 答案:will lead 翻译:无论任务多么困难,我们都不会放弃,因为我们相信努力工作迟早会带来成功。 详细解析:本题考查一般将来时。句子中“because”引导原因状语从句,从句中“we believe that...”是宾语从句,“sooner or later”(迟早、早晚)是表示将来的时间状语,因此宾语从句需用一般将来时,结构为“will + 动词原形”,故填“will lead”。“No matter how difficult the task is”是让步状语从句,意为“无论任务多么困难”,相当于“However difficult the task is”;主句“we will never give up”用一般将来时,与宾语从句的时态呼应。 核心知识点:一般将来时:① 结构:will + 动词原形;② 含义:表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或存在的状态,常用标志词有sooner or later, tomorrow, next year, in the future等;③ 例:I will visit my grandparents next weekend.(我下周末会去看望祖父母)。 让步状语从句“No matter how...”:意为“无论多么……”,引导让步状语从句,结构为“No matter how + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语”,例:No matter how hard he works, he never complains.(无论他工作多么努力,他从不抱怨)。 宾语从句的时态呼应:主句“we believe”用一般现在时,宾语从句根据时间状语“sooner or later”用一般将来时,遵循“主现从任意”的原则(主句用一般现在时,宾语从句可根据语境用任意时态)。 9. The number of students in our school __________ (increase) by 20% over the past five years, which shows that our school is becoming more and more popular. 答案:has increased 翻译:过去五年里,我们学校的学生人数增加了20%,这表明我们学校正变得越来越受欢迎。 详细解析:本题考查现在完成时。句子中“over the past five years”(过去五年里)是现在完成时的常用标志词,表示动作从过去开始,持续到现在,且对现在有影响(学生人数增加,说明学校更受欢迎),因此用现在完成时,结构为“have/has + 过去分词”;“the number of...”(……的数量)作主语时,谓语动词用单数,“increase”的过去分词是“increased”,故填“has increased”。“which”引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个句子,说明学生人数增加带来的结果。 核心知识点:现在完成时的标志词:over the past/last + 一段时间(如over the past five years, last ten years),表示“过去一段时间里”,动作持续到现在,需用现在完成时,例:He has lived in this city over the past ten years.(过去十年里,他一直住在这座城市)。 “the number of”与“a number of”的区别:① the number of + 复数名词,意为“……的数量”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数;② a number of + 复数名词,意为“许多、大量”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数,例:A number of students are playing on the playground.(许多学生在操场上玩耍)。 非限制性定语从句修饰整个句子:“which shows that...”中,“which”指代前面整个句子(学生人数增加),在从句中作主语,从句用一般现在时,描述客观事实。 10. __________ (compare) with other cities in China, Hangzhou is more famous for its beautiful West Lake and long history. 答案:Compared 翻译:与中国其他城市相比,杭州因其美丽的西湖和悠久的历史而更出名。 详细解析:本题考查非谓语动词(过去分词作状语)。句子主语是“Hangzhou”,谓语动词是“is”,空格处需填非谓语动词作状语;“compare...with...”(将……与……相比)与主语“Hangzhou”之间是被动关系(杭州被与其他城市相比),因此用过去分词“Compared”(注意首字母大写)。“be famous for”是固定短语,意为“因……而出名”;“its beautiful West Lake and long history”是介词“for”的宾语,说明杭州出名的原因。 核心知识点:过去分词作状语:同原题4、14,此处“Compared with other cities...”相当于“When Hangzhou is compared with other cities...”,表被动关系,逻辑主语是句子的主语“Hangzhou”。 固定短语“be famous for”:意为“因……而出名”,相当于“be well-known for”,例:Beijing is famous for the Great Wall.(北京因长城而出名);其同义短语“be famous as”意为“作为……而出名”,例:He is famous as a writer.(他作为一名作家而出名)。 非谓语动词的省略:当过去分词作状语,且从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且从句中有be动词时,可省略从句的主语和be动词,本题中省略了“Hangzhou is”,直接用“Compared”作状语。 11. If you __________ (not finish) your homework on time, you will not be allowed to watch TV in the evening. 答案:don’t finish 翻译:如果你不按时完成作业,晚上就不允许你看电视。 详细解析:本题考查if引导的条件状语从句的时态。句子中“if”引导条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”的原则,即主句用一般将来时(“will not be allowed”),从句用一般现在时表示将来;从句主语是“you”,否定形式需用助动词“don’t”,后接动词原形“finish”,故填“don’t finish”。主句“you will not be allowed to watch TV”是被动语态,意为“你将不被允许看电视”,“be allowed to do sth.”是固定搭配,意为“被允许做某事”。 核心知识点:if条件状语从句的“主将从现”原则:① 主句用一般将来时、情态动词(can, may, must等)或祈使句;② 从句用一般现在时表示将来,描述假设的条件;③ 例:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里)。 被动语态“be allowed to do sth.”:意为“被允许做某事”,其主动形式是“allow sb. to do sth.”(允许某人做某事),例:My parents allow me to play basketball after school.(我父母允许我放学后打篮球);被动形式:I am allowed to play basketball after school.(我被允许放学后打篮球)。 一般现在时的否定形式:主语是第二人称“you”,否定句需在动词原形前加助动词“don’t”,例:You don’t need to worry about me.(你不需要担心我)。 12. There is no doubt that reading widely __________ (help) us gain more knowledge and broaden our horizons. 答案:helps 翻译:毫无疑问,广泛阅读有助于我们获得更多知识,开阔视野。 详细解析:本题考查主谓一致。句子中“there is no doubt that...”是固定句式,意为“毫无疑问……”,“that”引导同位语从句,解释说明“doubt”的具体内容;同位语从句的主语是“reading widely”(广泛阅读),动名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数;句子时态为一般现在时(描述客观事实),“help”的第三人称单数形式是“helps”,故填“helps”。“gain more knowledge”和“broaden our horizons”是并列结构,作“help us”的宾语补足语,“help sb. do sth.”是固定搭配。 核心知识点:主谓一致(动名词作主语):动名词短语(doing sth.)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,例:Reading is a good habit.(阅读是一个好习惯);Watching TV too much is bad for our eyes.(看太多电视对我们的眼睛不好)。 固定句式“there is no doubt that...”:常用于表达肯定的观点,“doubt”在此处是不可数名词,意为“怀疑”,例:There is no doubt that he will succeed.(毫无疑问,他会成功)。 固定搭配“help sb. do sth.”:意为“帮助某人做某事”,也可表达为“help sb. to do sth.”,“to”可省略,例:She helps me (to) learn English.(她帮助我学习英语)。 13. By the time he graduates from university, he __________ (learn) English for 16 years. 答案:will have learned 翻译:到他大学毕业时,他将已经学了16年英语了。 详细解析:本题考查将来完成时。句子中“by the time”引导时间状语从句,从句时态为一般现在时(“graduates”),表示将来的时间(大学毕业),主句需用将来完成时,结构为“will have + 过去分词”,表示“到将来某个时间为止,已经完成的动作”;“learn”的过去分词是“learned”(也可写作learnt),故填“will have learned”。“for 16 years”是现在完成时和将来完成时的标志词,此处结合“by the time”引导的将来时间,用将来完成时。 核心知识点:将来完成时:① 结构:will have + 过去分词;② 含义:表示到将来某个时间为止,已经完成的动作或存在的状态,常用标志词有by the time, by + 将来时间(如by 2030, by next year)等;③ 例:By next month, I will have finished this book.(到下个月,我将已经读完这本书了)。 “by the time”引导的时间状语从句:① 从句用一般现在时表示将来,主句用将来完成时;② 从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时(表过去的过去),例:By the time he arrived, we had finished our work.(他到达时,我们已经完成了工作)。 动词“learn”的过去分词:learn(原形)→ learned/learnt(过去分词),两种形式均可,无区别,例:He has learned/learnt English for 5 years.(他已经学了5年英语了)。 14. The teacher asked us to hand in the homework on time, __________ (remind) us that late homework would not be accepted. 答案:reminding 翻译:老师要求我们按时交作业,并提醒我们迟交的作业将不被接受。 详细解析:本题考查非谓语动词(现在分词作伴随状语)。句子主语是“The teacher”,谓语动词是“asked”,“to hand in the homework on time”是不定式作宾语补足语(“ask sb. to do sth.”);空格处需填非谓语动词作伴随状语,“remind”(提醒)与主语“The teacher”之间是主动关系(老师主动提醒我们),因此用现在分词“reminding”。“that late homework would not be accepted”是“remind”的宾语从句,从句用过去将来时(“would not be accepted”),呼应主句的一般过去时(“asked”)。 核心知识点:现在分词作伴随状语:表示伴随主句动作发生的动作,与主句动作同时进行,逻辑主语是句子的主语,表主动关系,例:She walked along the street, singing a song.(她沿着街道走,唱着歌)。 固定搭配“ask sb. to do sth.”:意为“要求某人做某事”,“to do sth.”作宾语补足语,例:The boss asked his employees to finish the work on time.(老板要求员工按时完成工作)。 宾语从句的时态呼应:主句“asked”用一般过去时,宾语从句用过去将来时(“would not be accepted”),表示“在老师要求的时候,迟交作业将不被接受”,遵循“主过从过”的原则(主句用过去时,宾语从句用相应的过去时态)。 15. Only when we realize the importance of protecting the environment __________ (we can) make our world a better place to live in. 答案:can we 翻译:只有当我们意识到保护环境的重要性时,我们才能让我们的世界成为一个更适合居住的地方。 详细解析:本题考查部分倒装。句子中“only”置于句首,修饰时间状语从句“when we realize the importance of protecting the environment”,此时主句需用部分倒装,即把情态动词“can”提到主语“we”前面,故填“can we”。“the importance of protecting the environment”是“realize”的宾语,“protecting the environment”是动名词短语作“of”的宾语;“a better place to live in”是“make”的宾语补足语,“to live in”是不定式作后置定语,修饰“place”。 核心知识点:部分倒装(only置于句首):① 当“only”置于句首,修饰状语(时间、地点、方式、原因等状语从句或介词短语)时,主句需用部分倒装,即把be动词、情态动词或助动词提到主语前面;② 若“only”修饰主语,无需倒装,例:Only he can solve this problem.(只有他能解决这个问题);③ 例:Only in this way can we improve our English.(只有用这种方法,我们才能提高英语水平)。 动名词短语作宾语:“the importance of protecting the environment”中,“protecting the environment”是动名词短语,作介词“of”的宾语,类似原题中“devote...to doing sth.”的用法,“of”后接动名词。 不定式作后置定语:“a better place to live in”中,“to live in”修饰“place”,表示“适合居住的地方”,不定式作后置定语时,若修饰的名词是“place, time, way”等,不定式后的介词可省略,但此处“live in a place”是固定搭配,“in”不能省略,例:a comfortable room to live in(一个舒适的居住房间)。 第二组 英语填空题(含答案、翻译、解析+知识点)及举一反三长难句练习 一、原句填空题(含答案、翻译、解析及知识点) 1. __________ oil painter was deeply impressed by the completed paper-cutting artwork, saying that Li’s artwork was better than his __________ (origin) painting. 答案:An; original 翻译:一位油画家被这幅完成的剪纸作品深深打动,他说李先生的作品比他自己的原创画作还要好。 详细解析:第一空,oil painter是可数名词单数,此处表示“一位油画家”,且oil以元音音素/ɔɪ/开头,故用不定冠词An;第二空,空格后为名词painting,需用形容词修饰,origin是名词(起源),其形容词形式为original(原创的、原始的),符合句意“原创画作”。 核心知识点:不定冠词a/an的用法:a用于辅音音素开头的可数名词单数前,an用于元音音素开头的可数名词单数前,均表示“一个、一位”(泛指);注意:元音音素≠元音字母,如hour(/aʊə/)开头用an,university(/juːnɪˈvɜːsəti/)开头用a。 名词变形容词的规则:origin→original(n.+al→adj.,类似:nation→national、education→educational);常见其他名词变形容词形式:n.+ful(care→careful)、n.+y(rain→rainy)、n.+ly(friend→friendly)。 比较级结构:better than...(比……更好),than后可接名词、代词或从句,此处his original painting对应Li’s artwork,构成两者对比。 2. __________ (unique) blessed with nature’s gifts and a wealth of the country’s resources, it serves as the dedicated ground __________ skilled agricultural experts contribute to feeding our nation and addressing global hunger. 答案:Uniquely; where 翻译:它得天独厚地拥有大自然的馈赠和国家丰富的资源,是熟练的农业专家们为养活我们的国家、解决全球饥饿问题贡献力量的专用阵地。 详细解析:第一空,空格后为过去分词blessed,需用副词修饰动词(此处blessed为过去分词作状语,副词修饰整个状语部分),unique是形容词(独特的),其副词形式为Uniquely(独特地、得天独厚地);第二空,空格引导定语从句,先行词是the dedicated ground(阵地、场所),从句中不缺主语或宾语,缺地点状语,故用关系副词where(=in which)。 核心知识点:形容词变副词的规则:unique→uniquely(adj.+ly→adv.,大部分形容词变副词直接加ly);特殊变化:true→truly、terrible→terribly、gentle→gently(去e加ly),happy→happily(变y为i加ly)。 定语从句关系副词的用法:where修饰先行词(表示地点的名词,如ground、place、city等),在从句中作地点状语;类似关系副词:when(修饰时间名词,作时间状语)、why(修饰reason,作原因状语)。 固定搭配:be blessed with(拥有……的福气、得天独厚地拥有);contribute to(为……做贡献,to是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词,如contribute to protecting the environment)。 3. Jokingly __________ (refer) to himself as a “mudskipper”, he is often spotted with rolled-up trouser legs knee-deep in the __________ (mud) fields. 答案:referring; muddy 翻译:他开玩笑地称自己为“弹涂鱼”,人们经常看到他卷起裤腿,深陷在泥泞的田里。 详细解析:第一空,句子主语he与refer to(称……为)之间是主动关系,故用现在分词referring作伴随状语,表主动和伴随;第二空,空格后为名词fields,需用形容词修饰,mud是名词(泥土),其形容词形式为muddy(泥泞的),符合句意“泥泞的田地”。 核心知识点:现在分词作伴随状语:当句子主语与非谓语动词之间是主动关系,且非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生时,用现在分词(doing)作伴随状语;若为被动关系,用过去分词(done),如:Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is beautiful.(被从山顶看,城市很美)。 名词变形容词:mud→muddy(n.+y→adj.,类似:sand→sandy、cloud→cloudy、sun→sunny),表示“充满……的、有……性质的”。 固定搭配:refer to oneself as...(称自己为……);be spotted with...(被看到带着……、身上有……斑点);knee-deep in...(深陷在……中,表程度)。 4. Dr. Xiao, along with other Nanfan researchers, __________ (commit) wholeheartedly to improving grain production, ensuring that people’s dinner tables are filled. 答案:is committed 翻译:肖博士和其他南繁研究人员一起,全身心投入到提高粮食产量的工作中,确保人们的餐桌充满食物。 详细解析:空格处为句子谓语,主语是Dr. Xiao,along with other Nanfan researchers是插入语(插入语不影响主语的单复数),故谓语动词需与Dr. Xiao(单数)保持一致;固定搭配be committed to(全身心投入到……),此处描述客观事实,用一般现在时,故填is committed。 核心知识点:主谓一致:当主语后接along with、together with、as well as、except、but等插入语时,谓语动词的单复数由前面的主语决定(即“就前原则”);例:Tom, along with his parents, goes to the park every weekend.(汤姆和他的父母每周去公园,谓语用goes,与Tom一致)。 固定搭配:be committed to sth./doing sth.(全身心投入到……,to是介词,后接名词或动名词,不可接动词原形);commit的其他用法:commit a mistake(犯错误)、commit a crime(犯罪)、commit suicide(自杀)。 现在分词作结果状语:ensuring that...是现在分词短语作结果状语,表示谓语动词带来的自然结果;若表示出乎意料的结果,用不定式to do,如:He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.(他匆忙赶到车站,却发现火车已经开走了)。 5. Hope is a humble seed; when __________ (plant) in fertile ground, it transfigures (美化……的外表) into new life bearing fruits of change. 答案:planted 翻译:希望是一颗卑微的种子;当被种在肥沃的土壤里时,它会蜕变成孕育着改变之果的新生命。 详细解析:空格处为非谓语动词,when引导的时间状语从句中,省略了主语it(指代hope)和be动词,主语it与plant(种植)之间是被动关系,故用过去分词planted;完整从句应为when it is planted in fertile ground。 核心知识点:状语从句的省略:当状语从句(when、while、if、unless等引导)的主语与主句主语一致,且从句中含有be动词时,可省略从句的主语和be动词,保留非谓语动词(主动用doing,被动用done);例:While (I was) studying, I heard a noise.(我正在学习时,听到了一个声音);If (it is) necessary, you can ask for help.(如果有必要,你可以求助)。 过去分词的被动含义:planted此处表示“被种植”,过去分词可表示被动和完成;现在分词表示主动和进行,如:The boy standing there is my brother.(站在那里的男孩是我弟弟,主动)。 现在分词作定语:bearing fruits of change是现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰new life,相当于定语从句which bears fruits of change(孕育着改变之果的新生命)。 6. When __________ (evaluate) calligraphy, experts look for “spirit resonance” (气韵) — a quality extremely difficult to define, yet instantly recognizable to the __________ (train) eye. 答案:evaluating; trained 翻译:在评价书法时,专家们会寻找“气韵”——一种极难定义,但训练有素的眼睛能立即识别出来的特质。 详细解析:第一空,when引导的时间状语从句中,省略了主语experts和be动词,主语experts与evaluate(评价)之间是主动关系,故用现在分词evaluating;第二空,空格后为名词eye,需用形容词修饰,train(训练)的过去分词trained可作形容词,意为“训练有素的”,the trained eye表示“训练有素的眼睛”,符合句意。 核心知识点:状语从句的省略(补充):除了主语一致+有be动词的情况,当从句主语是it,且含有be动词时,也可省略it和be动词,如:When (it is) cold, people wear warm clothes.;本题中,完整从句为when experts are evaluating calligraphy,省略后为when evaluating calligraphy。 过去分词作形容词:trained(训练有素的)、excited(兴奋的)、surprised(惊讶的)、broken(破碎的),这类过去分词多表示“人或事物被……的”;现在分词作形容词多表示“令人……的”,如:exciting(令人兴奋的)、surprising(令人惊讶的)。 同位语结构:破折号后的a quality...是“spirit resonance”的同位语,对其进行解释说明;extremely difficult to define是形容词短语作后置定语,修饰a quality,相当于which is extremely difficult to define。 7. This philosophical depth is evident in the works of Wang Xizhi, __________ calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, whose masterpiece “Lantingji Xu” __________ (celebrate) for centuries as the “world’s best running script,” not only for its artistic excellence but also for the philosophy it __________(contain). 答案:a; has been celebrated; contains 翻译:这种哲学深度在东晋书法家王羲之的作品中体现得淋漓尽致,他的代表作《兰亭集序》几个世纪以来一直被誉为“天下第一行书”,不仅因为其艺术造诣,还因为它所蕴含的哲学思想。 详细解析:第一空,calligrapher是可数名词单数,此处表示“一位东晋的书法家”,泛指,且calligrapher以辅音音素/k/开头,故用不定冠词a;第二空,主语“Lantingji Xu”与celebrate(赞美、被誉为)之间是被动关系,且时间状语for centuries(几个世纪以来)表示从过去持续到现在的动作,故用现在完成时的被动语态has been celebrated;第三空,定语从句it __________(contain)中,主语it指代“Lantingji Xu”,时态为一般现在时,故填contains。 核心知识点:不定冠词a的泛指用法:此处a calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty是Wang Xizhi的同位语,表泛指“一位……的书法家”;若表特指,用定冠词the,如:the calligrapher Wang Xizhi(书法家王羲之,特指)。 现在完成时的被动语态:结构为have/has been + done,用于表示过去发生的动作持续到现在,且主语与动作之间是被动关系;时间状语常为for+时间段、since+时间点、over the years等;例:The building has been built for 10 years.(这座楼已经建了10年了)。 定语从句:whose引导的定语从句修饰Wang Xizhi,whose在从句中作定语(后接名词);it contains是定语从句,修饰the philosophy,省略了关系代词that/which(因为关系代词在从句中作contain的宾语)。 固定搭配:not only...but also...(不仅……而且……),连接两个并列的原因状语,遵循“就近原则”(谓语动词的单复数由靠近的主语决定)。 8. It serves as a balance to the digital world, offering __________ (individual) a way to slow down, focus their minds, and reconnect with their cultural heritage. 答案:individuals 翻译:它作为数字世界的一种平衡,为个人提供了一种放慢脚步、集中精神、重新连接自身文化遗产的方式。 详细解析:空格处作offering的宾语,individual是可数名词(个人),此处表示泛指“所有人、个人们”,故用复数形式individuals;offering sb. sth.(给某人提供某物)是固定搭配,符合句意。 核心知识点:名词的单复数:individual(单数,个人)→ individuals(复数),可数名词表示泛指时,常用复数形式;类似:people(人们)、students(学生们)、children(孩子们)。 固定搭配:serve as(充当、作为);offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.(给某人提供某物);reconnect with(与……重新连接、重新联系)。 不定式作后置定语:a way to slow down...是“一种……的方式”,to slow down, focus their minds, and reconnect...是不定式短语作后置定语,修饰a way;不定式作后置定语时,常与被修饰的名词构成“名词+to do”的结构,如:a chance to try(一个尝试的机会)、a place to live(一个居住的地方)。 9. What makes this art form enduring is how it transforms ink on paper__________ a living record of the human spirit. 答案:into 翻译:让这种艺术形式经久不衰的是它如何将纸上的墨迹转化为人类精神的鲜活记录。 详细解析:空格处考查固定搭配transform...into...(将……转化为……),句意“将纸上的墨迹转化为人类精神的鲜活记录”,故填into。 核心知识点:固定搭配:transform A into B(将A转化为B),同义短语:change A into B、turn A into B;例:She transformed the old house into a beautiful restaurant.(她把老房子改造成了一家漂亮的餐厅)。 主语从句:What makes this art form enduring是主语从句,What在从句中作主语,意为“……的事情”;类似主语从句:What he said is true.(他说的话是真的)、What we need is time.(我们需要的是时间)。 表语从句:how it transforms...into...是表语从句,作is的表语,how在从句中作方式状语,意为“如何、怎样”;表语从句的引导词还有that、what、why、where等,例:The question is where we should go.(问题是我们应该去哪里)。 10. Following the spirit of craftsmanship of Lu Ban, it shares with other countries China’s vocational education models and vocational skills, and cultivates (培养) __________ (compete) local skilled talents. 答案:competent 翻译:秉承鲁班的工匠精神,它与其他国家分享中国的职业教育模式和职业技能,并培养有能力的本土技术人才。 详细解析:空格后为名词短语local skilled talents,需用形容词修饰,compete是动词(竞争),其形容词形式为competent(有能力的、胜任的),符合句意“有能力的本土技术人才”;注意:compete的另一个形容词形式是competitive(竞争的、有竞争力的),此处不符合句意,故不填。 核心知识点:动词变形容词的规则:compete(v.竞争)→ competent(adj.有能力的)、competitive(adj.有竞争力的);类似动词变形容词:differ(v.不同)→ different(adj.不同的)、difficult(adj.困难的);vary(v.变化)→ various(adj.各种各样的)。 现在分词作状语:Following the spirit...是现在分词短语作伴随状语,主语it与follow(秉承、跟随)之间是主动关系,表伴随动作;类似:Walking along the street, I met an old friend.(沿着街道走时,我遇到了一位老朋友)。 固定搭配:share sth. with sb.(与某人分享某物);cultivate talents(培养人才);vocational education(职业教育)。 11. According to incomplete __________ (statistic),over 50 majors have been offered within the framework of the program, __________ shapes a multi-tier (多层级的) international vocational training system. 答案:statistics; which 翻译:据不完全统计,该项目框架内已开设50多个专业,这构成了一个多层级的国际职业培训体系。 详细解析:第一空,statistic作“统计数据、统计资料”讲时,常用复数形式statistics,incomplete statistics(不完全统计)是固定搭配;第二空,空格引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子(“开设50多个专业”这件事),在从句中作主语,故用关系代词which。 核心知识点:名词的单复数特殊用法:statistic(单数)表示“一项统计数据”,statistics(复数)表示“统计数据、统计学”;类似:data(复数,数据)、datum(单数,一项数据);physics(单数,物理学)、politics(单数,政治学)。 非限制性定语从句:由which引导,修饰前面整个句子,从句与主句之间用逗号隔开,which在从句中可作主语或宾语;注意:that不能引导非限制性定语从句;例:He passed the exam, which made his parents very happy.(他通过了考试,这让他的父母非常高兴)。 固定搭配:according to(根据);within the framework of(在……的框架内);offer majors(开设专业)。 12. Nowadays, the Luban Workshop is committed to mutual learning, __________ (serve) economic development of host countries and promoting international capacity production. 答案:serving 翻译:如今,鲁班工坊致力于相互学习,为东道国的经济发展服务,并促进国际产能合作。 详细解析:空格处为非谓语动词,主语the Luban Workshop与serve(服务)之间是主动关系,且serve与promoting是并列关系(均作伴随状语),故用现在分词serving;此处现在分词短语作伴随状语,表主动和伴随,说明鲁班工坊“致力于相互学习”的同时,还“为东道国经济发展服务”。 核心知识点:现在分词作伴随状语(补充):当两个动作同时发生,且主语与两个动作均为主动关系时,两个非谓语动词用and连接,形式保持一致;本题中,serving和promoting并列,均为现在分词,作伴随状语。 固定搭配:be committed to mutual learning(致力于相互学习);serve the development of...(为……的发展服务);promote international capacity production(促进国际产能合作)。 时态:nowadays(如今)是一般现在时的标志词,主句谓语is committed用一般现在时,描述当前的状态。 举一反三题目(15道,长难句为主,含答案、翻译、解析及知识点) 1. __________ (inspire) by the story of Dr. Xiao, many young people decide to devote themselves to agricultural research, which __________ (help) improve the local people’s living standards. 答案:Inspired; helps 翻译:受到肖博士事迹的启发,许多年轻人决定投身农业研究,这有助于提高当地人民的生活水平。 详细解析: ① 第一空:句子主语是 many young people,谓语是 decide,空格处为非谓语动词作状语;inspire 与主语 many young people 之间是被动关系(年轻人被启发),故用过去分词 Inspired(句首首字母大写); ② 第二空:空格引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整个句子(年轻人投身农业研究这件事),关系代词 which 在从句中作主语,视为单数,结合主句一般现在时,谓语用 helps。 核心知识点: 1. 非谓语动词(过去分词作状语表被动): - 当非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系时,用过去分词(done)作状语,表“被……”,此处 Inspired by 表示“被……启发”; - 类似例句:Encouraged by his teacher, he made great progress.(受到老师的鼓励,他取得了很大进步); - 区别于主动关系:若非谓语动词与主语是主动关系,用现在分词(doing),如 Inspiring many people, he kept working hard.(激励着许多人,他继续努力工作)。 2. 非限制性定语从句的主谓一致: - 当关系代词 which 指代前面整个句子时,视为单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式(如 helps); - 例句:She won the first prize, which makes her very proud.(她获得了一等奖,这让她非常自豪)。 2. The old artist, together with his two students, __________ (devote) all his life to calligraphy, and his works __________ (praise) by experts at home and abroad for decades. 答案:devotes; have been praised 翻译:这位老艺术家和他的两名学生一起,毕生致力于书法事业,他的作品几十年来一直受到国内外专家的赞誉。 详细解析: ① 第一空:主语是 The old artist,together with his two students 是伴随状语,谓语动词单复数由前面的主语(单数)决定,结合一般现在时,填 devotes;固定搭配 devote oneself to sth. 此处简化为 devote... to sth.,表“致力于……”; ② 第二空:主语 his works 与 praise 之间是被动关系(作品被赞誉),时间状语 for decades 表示从过去持续到现在,用现在完成时的被动语态,主语 works 是复数,故填 have been praised。 核心知识点: 1. 主谓一致(就前原则): - 主语后接 together with、along with、as well as 等伴随状语时,谓语动词单复数由前面的主语决定,即“就前原则”; - 例句:My mother, together with my sister, goes to the supermarket every Saturday.(我妈妈和我妹妹每周六去超市,主语 my mother 是单数,谓语用 goes); - 对比:and 连接两个主语时,谓语用复数,如 My mother and my sister go to the supermarket every Saturday.。 2. 现在完成时的被动语态(复数主语): - 结构:have + been + 过去分词(主语是复数时用 have,单数用 has); - 时间状语标志:for decades、over the years、since 等,表从过去持续到现在的被动动作; - 例句:These books have been kept in the library for 10 years.(这些书在图书馆里放了10年了)。 3. When __________ (ask) about his secret of success in paper-cutting, the old craftsman said that patience and persistence __________ (be) the most important factors. 答案:asked; are 翻译:当被问及剪纸成功的秘诀时,这位老工匠说,耐心和坚持是最重要的因素。 详细解析: ① 第一空:when 引导的时间状语从句省略形式,主句主语是 the old craftsman,从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句含 be 动词(is),省略后用过去分词 asked(ask 与主语是被动关系); ② 第二空:that 引导宾语从句,从句主语是 patience and persistence(并列名词,视为复数),结合主句一般过去时 said,但从句描述客观事实,用一般现在时,故填 are。 核心知识点: 1. 状语从句的省略(被动关系): - 省略条件:从句主语与主句主语一致、从句含 be 动词,被动关系用过去分词(done),完整从句为 when he is asked; - 拓展:若主动关系则用现在分词,如 When working, he never distracts.(工作时,他从不分心,完整从句 when he is working)。 2. 宾语从句的时态: - 若宾语从句描述客观真理、永恒事实,无论主句时态如何,从句均用一般现在时; - 例句:He said that the earth goes around the sun.(他说地球绕着太阳转,从句描述客观事实,用一般现在时); - 若从句描述过去的动作,从句用相应过去时,如 He said he had finished his work.(他说他已经完成了工作,用过去完成时)。 4. This ancient temple, __________ (build) in the Tang Dynasty, is a precious cultural relic that __________ (attract) thousands of visitors every year and __________ (regard) as a symbol of local history. 答案:built; attracts; is regarded 翻译:这座建于唐代的古寺是珍贵的文化遗产,每年吸引成千上万的游客,并被视为当地历史的象征。 详细解析: ① 第一空:非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰 This ancient temple,build 与 temple 是被动关系(寺庙被建造),故用过去分词 built; ② 第二空:that 引导定语从句,先行词是 a precious cultural relic(单数),结合一般现在时,谓语用 attracts; ③ 第三空:and 连接并列谓语,主语 a precious cultural relic 与 regard 是被动关系,用一般现在时的被动语态 is regarded。 核心知识点: 1. 过去分词作后置定语: - 过去分词可作后置定语,修饰前面的名词,表被动、完成,相当于定语从句 which was built; - 例句:The letter written by my father is very moving.(我爸爸写的那封信非常感人,written 作后置定语,相当于 which was written); - 区别:现在分词作后置定语表主动、进行,如 The boy running on the playground is my brother.(在操场上跑步的男孩是我弟弟)。 2. 定语从句与并列谓语: - 定语从句中,谓语动词单复数由先行词决定,此处先行词是单数,故用 attracts; - 并列谓语需保持时态、语态一致,此处 and 连接 attracts(主动)和 is regarded(被动),均为一般现在时,符合逻辑。 5. __________ (unique) combining traditional skills with modern technology, the Luban Workshop has developed new vocational training courses that __________ (help) local people master practical skills and __________ (improve) their employability. 答案:Uniquely; help; improve 翻译:鲁班工坊独特地将传统技能与现代技术相结合,开发了新的职业培训课程,帮助当地人掌握实用技能并提高他们的就业能力。 详细解析: ① 第一空:空格修饰现在分词 combining,需用副词,unique 是形容词,其副词形式为 Uniquely(句首首字母大写); ② 第二空:that 引导定语从句,先行词是 new vocational training courses(复数),结合一般现在时,谓语用 help; ③ 第三空:and 连接并列不定式,前面有 help,help sb. do sth. 是固定搭配,故填动词原形 improve。 核心知识点: 1. 形容词变副词(-ly 后缀): - 形容词 + ly 变副词,修饰动词、形容词或整个句子,此处 Uniquely 修饰 combining,表方式“独特地结合”; - 特殊变形:以 le 结尾的形容词,去 e 加 y,如 simple → simply、terrible → terribly; - 例句:She sings very beautifully.(她唱歌非常好听,beautifully 修饰动词 sings)。 2. 固定搭配 help sb. do sth.: - help 后接不定式作宾语补足语时,可省略 to,即 help sb. (to) do sth.; - 例句:My teacher helps me (to) solve the problem.(我的老师帮我解决了这个问题); - 拓展:类似搭配还有 let sb. do sth.、make sb. do sth.(使役动词后接省略 to 的不定式)。 6. What __________ (make) the traditional ink painting so charming is that it can transform simple ink and paper __________ a world full of emotion and philosophy. 答案:makes; into 翻译:传统水墨画之所以如此迷人,是因为它能将简单的笔墨纸砚转化为一个充满情感和哲学的世界。 详细解析: ① 第一空:What 引导主语从句,视为单数,结合一般现在时,谓语用 makes; ② 第二空:考查固定搭配 transform sth. into sth.,表示“将某物转化为某物”,与第9题考点一致,故填 into。 核心知识点: 1. 主语从句的主谓一致: - What 引导的主语从句,无论后面接单数还是复数名词,通常视为单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数; - 例句:What he does is very meaningful.(他做的事非常有意义,What he does 视为单数);What I need are two books.(我需要的是两本书,此处 What 引导的从句表复数含义,谓语用复数,特殊情况)。 2. 固定搭配 transform sth. into sth.: - 同义替换:change sth. into sth.、turn sth. into sth.,注意 into 不能替换为 to; - 例句:The magician transformed a rabbit into a pigeon.(魔术师把一只兔子变成了一只鸽子)。 7. According to the latest __________ (statistic), the number of students participating in vocational training programs __________ (increase) by 20% in the past three years, which __________ (show) the popularity of vocational education. 答案:statistics; has increased; shows 翻译:据最新统计,过去三年参加职业培训项目的学生人数增加了20%,这表明了职业教育的受欢迎程度。 详细解析: ① 第一空:statistic 作“统计数据”讲时,常用复数形式 statistics,the latest statistics 表示“最新统计数据”; ② 第二空:主语是 the number of...(……的数量),视为单数,时间状语 in the past three years 表示从过去持续到现在,用现在完成时 has increased; ③ 第三空:which 引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子(学生人数增加这件事),视为单数,谓语用 shows。 核心知识点: 1. 名词单复数特殊用法(statistics): - statistics 复数:统计数据、统计资料;单数 statistic:一项统计数据; - 常见搭配:according to statistics(据统计)、collect statistics(收集统计数据); - 类似名词:data(数据),单数 datum,复数 data,谓语动词根据语境用单数或复数,如 The data are accurate.(数据是准确的)。 2. the number of 与 a number of 的区别: - the number of + 复数名词:……的数量,视为单数,谓语用第三人称单数; - a number of + 复数名词:许多……,视为复数,谓语用复数; - 例句:The number of students is 50.(学生人数是50人);A number of students are absent.(许多学生缺席)。 8. The foreign expert, who __________ (true) understands Chinese culture, __________ (devote) himself to breaking unfair stereotypes and presenting a real China to the world. 答案:truly; devotes 翻译:这位真正了解中国文化的外国专家,致力于打破不公平的刻板印象,向世界展示一个真实的中国。 详细解析: ① 第一空:空格修饰动词 understands,需用副词,true 是形容词,其副词形式为 truly; ② 第二空:who 引导定语从句,先行词是 The foreign expert(单数),结合一般现在时,谓语用 devotes;固定搭配 devote oneself to doing sth.,此处 to 是介词,后接 breaking 和 presenting。 核心知识点: 1. 形容词变副词(true → truly): - 以 e 结尾的形容词,变副词时直接加 ly(true → truly 特殊变形,不去 e); - 类似变形:due → duly(适当地)、blue → bluely(忧郁地); - 副词的功能:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,此处 truly 修饰 understands,表“真正地了解”。 2. 定语从句的主谓一致: - 定语从句的谓语动词单复数由先行词决定,此处先行词 The foreign expert 是单数,故谓语用 devotes; - 例句:The girl who is standing there is my sister.(站在那里的女孩是我妹妹,先行词 the girl 单数,谓语用 is)。 9. Hope, when __________ (plant) in the hearts of people, can transfigure ordinary lives into extraordinary ones and __________ (bring) hope to those who are in trouble. 答案:planted; bring 翻译:希望,当被种在人们心中时,能将平凡的生活变得非凡,并给那些处于困境中的人带来希望。 详细解析: ① 第一空:when 引导的状语从句省略形式,主句主语是 Hope,从句主语与主句一致,且从句含 be 动词(is),plant 与 Hope 是被动关系,故用过去分词 planted; ② 第二空:and 连接并列谓语,前面有情态动词 can,can 后接动词原形,故填 bring。 核心知识点: 1. 状语从句省略(被动关系,情态动词后): - 即使主句有情态动词(can、may、must 等),状语从句省略规则不变:主语一致、含 be 动词,被动用 done,主动用 doing; - 例句:Hope can be powerful when (it is) supported by perseverance.(当有毅力支撑时,希望会很强大)。 2. 情态动词后接动词原形: - can、may、must、should 等情态动词后,所有并列的谓语动词均用原形; - 例句:He can sing and dance.(他会唱歌和跳舞,sing 和 dance 均为原形);She must finish her homework and review her lessons.(她必须完成作业并复习功课)。 10. A famous calligrapher, whose works __________ (celebrate) for their artistic value and philosophical depth, said that __________ (train) eye and steady mind are the keys to good calligraphy. 答案:have been celebrated; trained 翻译:一位其作品因艺术价值和哲学深度而备受赞誉的著名书法家说,训练有素的眼睛和沉稳的心态是写好书法的关键。 详细解析: ① 第一空:whose 引导定语从句,先行词是 works(复数),works 与 celebrate 是被动关系,结合语境“备受赞誉”,用现在完成时的被动语态 have been celebrated; ② 第二空:空格后是名词 eye,需用形容词作定语,train 是动词,过去分词 trained 作形容词,表“经过训练的”,the trained eye 表示“训练有素的眼睛”,与第6题考点一致。 核心知识点: 1. 现在完成时的被动语态(复数主语): - 结构:have + been + 过去分词,主语是复数 works,故用 have,celebrate 的过去分词是 celebrated; - 用法:表示从过去开始,持续到现在的被动动作,常与 for、since 等时间状语搭配(此处省略时间状语,语境隐含“一直备受赞誉”); - 例句:These paintings have been displayed in the museum for five years.(这些画在博物馆里展出五年了)。 2. 过去分词作形容词: - 过去分词作形容词,表“经过……的、被……的”,修饰人或与人相关的事物(如 eye、mind、hand); - 常见例子:trained(经过训练的)、educated(受过教育的)、experienced(有经验的); - 对比:现在分词作形容词表“令人……的”,如 exciting(令人兴奋的)、interesting(令人感兴趣的)。 11. __________ (refer) to as the “treasure of Chinese culture”, paper-cutting is an art form that __________ (allow) people to express their wishes and emotions through simple patterns. 答案:Referred; allows 翻译:被称为“中国文化瑰宝”的剪纸,是一种允许人们通过简单图案表达愿望和情感的艺术形式。 详细解析: ① 第一空:非谓语动词作状语,refer to as 表示“被称为……”,paper-cutting 与 refer 是被动关系,故用过去分词 Referred(句首首字母大写); ② 第二空:that 引导定语从句,先行词是 an art form(单数),结合一般现在时,谓语用 allows。 核心知识点: 1. 固定搭配 be referred to as: - 表示“被称为……”,被动语态结构,非谓语形式省略 be 动词,用过去分词 Referred; - 例句:Beijing, referred to as the “capital of China”, is a beautiful city.(被称为“中国首都”的北京,是一座美丽的城市); - 主动形式:refer to sth. as sth.,如 We refer to this art form as “paper-cutting”.(我们把这种艺术形式称为“剪纸”)。 2. 定语从句主谓一致: - 先行词是单数名词(an art form),定语从句谓语动词用第三人称单数形式(allows); - 例句:This is a book that tells interesting stories.(这是一本讲述有趣故事的书,先行词 a book 单数,谓语用 tells)。 12. Dr. Wang, as well as his colleagues, __________ (commit) to researching new varieties of crops, and their efforts __________ (pay) off in the past few years. 答案:is committed; have paid 翻译:王博士和他的同事们一起,致力于研究农作物新品种,他们的努力在过去几年里已经取得了成效。 详细解析: ① 第一空:主语是 Dr. Wang,as well as his colleagues 是伴随状语,谓语单复数由前面的主语决定(就前原则),结合固定搭配 be committed to doing sth.,填 is committed; ② 第二空:主语是 their efforts(复数),时间状语 in the past few years 表示从过去持续到现在,用现在完成时 have paid,pay off 表示“取得成效、获得成功”。 核心知识点: 1. 主谓一致(as well as 伴随状语): - as well as 连接的伴随状语,不影响谓语单复数,谓语由前面的主语决定; - 例句:Lucy, as well as her friends, is fond of reading.(露西和她的朋友们都喜欢阅读,主语 Lucy 单数,谓语用 is); - 对比:and 连接主语,谓语用复数,如 Lucy and her friends are fond of reading.。 2. 固定短语 pay off: - 含义:取得成效、获得成功、还清(债务); - 用法:不及物短语,后面不接宾语,如 His hard work paid off.(他的努力取得了成效); - 现在完成时用法:have/has + paid off,表从过去持续到现在的结果,如 Their efforts have paid off.(他们的努力已经取得了成效)。 13. When __________ (evaluate) the quality of vocational training, experts pay special attention to whether the courses __________ (design) to meet the needs of local industries. 答案:evaluating; are designed 翻译:在评估职业培训质量时,专家们特别关注课程是否是为满足当地产业需求而设计的。 详细解析: ① 第一空:when 引导的状语从句省略形式,主句主语是 experts,从句主语与主句一致,且从句含 be 动词(are),evaluate 与 experts 是主动关系,故用现在分词 evaluating; ② 第二空:whether 引导宾语从句,主语 the courses 与 design 是被动关系(课程被设计),结合一般现在时,填 are designed。 核心知识点: 1. 状语从句省略(主动关系): - 从句主语与主句主语一致、含 be 动词,主动关系用现在分词(doing),完整从句为 when they are evaluating; - 拓展:若主语不一致,不能省略,如 When we evaluate the quality, experts pay special attention...(从句主语 we 与主句主语 experts 不同,不能省略)。 2. 一般现在时的被动语态: - 结构:am/is/are + 过去分词,主语 the courses 是复数,故用 are,design 的过去分词是 designed; - 用法:描述客观事实、常规情况,此处“课程是否为当地产业设计”是常规评估标准,用一般现在时的被动语态; - 例句:These courses are designed for local students.(这些课程是为当地学生设计的)。 14. The book, which __________ (contain) a lot of practical tips on calligraphy, __________ (translate) into several languages and has been popular among calligraphy lovers around the world. 答案:contains; has been translated 翻译:这本书包含了许多书法实用技巧,已被翻译成多种语言,并在世界各地的书法爱好者中很受欢迎。 详细解析: ① 第一空:which 引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是 The book(单数),结合一般现在时,谓语用 contains; ② 第二空:主语 The book 与 translate 是被动关系,结合 and 后的 has been popular(现在完成时),此处用现在完成时的被动语态 has been translated,保持时态一致。 核心知识点: 1. 非限制性定语从句的时态: - 非限制性定语从句的时态可根据语境确定,此处描述书的内容(客观事实),用一般现在时,先行词单数,谓语用 contains; - 例句:The novel, which was written in 2020, is very popular.(这本2020年写的小说非常受欢迎,从句用过去时,主句用现在时)。 2. 现在完成时的被动语态(单数主语): - 结构:has + been + 过去分词,主语 The book 是单数,故用 has been translated; - 时间语境:此处无明确时间状语,但 and 后 has been popular 暗示动作从过去持续到现在,故用现在完成时的被动语态; - 例句:This novel has been translated into 5 languages.(这本小说已被翻译成5种语言)。 15. By __________ (share) China’s vocational education experience with other countries, we can help them cultivate __________ (compete) skilled talents and promote mutual development. 答案:sharing; competent 翻译:通过与其他国家分享中国的职业教育经验,我们可以帮助他们培养合格的技术人才,促进共同发展。 详细解析: ① 第一空:by 是介词,介词后接动名词(doing),故填 sharing,by doing sth. 表示“通过做某事”; ② 第二空:空格后是名词短语 skilled talents,需用形容词作定语,compete 是动词,其形容词形式是 competent(合格的、有能力的),与第10题考点一致。 核心知识点: 1. 介词后接动名词: - 常见介词(by、in、on、at、to 等)后,需接动名词(doing)作宾语,不能接动词原形; - 例句:He succeeded by working hard.(他通过努力工作取得了成功,by 后接 working);She is interested in reading.(她对阅读感兴趣,in 后接 reading)。 2. 动词变形容词(compete → competent): - 动词 + ent 变形容词,compete → competent(合格的、有能力的); - 类似变形:insist → insistent(坚持的)、differ → different(不同的)、prefer → preferent(优先的); - 形容词功能:修饰名词,此处 competent 修饰 skilled talents,表“合格的技术人才”。 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破 第一组 1. On Feb 6, Nanning’s Qingxiu Mountain kicked __________ its 2026 Spring Festival lantern fair, which ran until May 5 to deliver a vivid festive experience blending tradition, adventure and technology. 2. __________ (span) 1,430 mu (95.3 hectares) across seven eastern scenic spots, including a music lawn, the fair promised to be a dazzling celebration for visitors of all ages. 3. Standout __________ (display) included horse-themed creations to mark the Chinese zodiac Year of the Horse, such as a lantern featuring eight horses, __________ symbol of good fortune. 4. After dark, forty-five life-sized dinosaur models, ___________ (headline) by a 15-meter-tall Tyrannosaurus Rex, came alive with realistic movements and sounds, transporting visitors to a prehistoric-like atmosphere. 5. From the first to the eighth day of the Chinese New Year, 700 drones formed dynamic aerial patterns, while smart robots and robot dogs engaged visitors in __________ (appeal) interactions. 6. In Chinese,“dim sum” translates to“touch the heart”, reflecting the idea that the small,delicate dish__________(mean) to delight diners, not to serve as a full meal but to bring a moment of 58 (please). 7. Local chefs often adjust recipes to suit local tastes,__________(give) rise to fusion(融合) dim sum, which pairs classic forms with international ingredients. 8. As someone who paints and draws, I confidently assumed that learning Chinese calligraphy would come naturally to me, but I__________(show) to be wrong after taking a class. 9. Once we were seated, our calligraphy teacher gave a short yet appealing__________(present) showing the history of different handwriting styles and how to use the brush and ink. 10. __________its simple appearance, it can be incredibly challenging, as you cannot lift the brush off the paper——each stroke (笔画) should be completed in one movement. 11. Later, we were given red paper with golden detailing,__________(common) used during the Spring Festival, and were invited to choose a character of our own__________(practice). 12. Calligraphy is very important in Chinese culture as it not only reflects the traditions, but also is considered__________educational aspect of the language, considering that Chinese characters are part of the Mandarin language. 13. In a fast-developing city like Lishui, Zhejiang, we must ask not only how much land we can develop,__________ what kind of environment we are leaving behind. 14. Thanks to__________(share) efforts by the community, legal authorities and government, a new plan was developed: to change the road. 15. __________ (combine) traditional paper-cutting techniques with features of various painting forms, such as Chinese painting and oil painting, Li has created her own art style: multi-layered, colored paper-cutting. 16. Each layer of the whole paper-cutting piece, which is made from the paper of one single colored sheet, can __________(view) as a complete single-layer paper-cutting artwork. 第二组 1. __________ oil painter was deeply impressed by the completed paper-cutting artwork, saying that Li’s artwork was better than his __________ (origin) painting. 2. __________ (unique) blessed with nature’s gifts and a wealth of the country’s resources, it serves as the dedicated ground __________ skilled agricultural experts contribute to feeding our nation and addressing global hunger. 3. Jokingly __________ (refer) to himself as a “mudskipper”, he is often spotted with rolled-up trouser legs knee-deep in the __________ (mud) fields. 4. Dr. Xiao, along with other Nanfan researchers, __________ (commit) wholeheartedly to improving grain production, ensuring that people’s dinner tables are filled. 5. Hope is a humble seed; when __________ (plant) in fertile ground, it transfigures (美化……的外表) into new life bearing fruits of change. 6. When __________ (evaluate) calligraphy, experts look for “spirit resonance” (气韵) — a quality extremely difficult to define, yet instantly recognizable to the __________ (train) eye. 7. This philosophical depth is evident in the works of Wang Xizhi, __________ calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, whose masterpiece “Lantingji Xu” __________ (celebrate) for centuries as the “world’s best running script,” not only for its artistic excellence but also for the philosophy it __________(contain). 8. It serves as a balance to the digital world, offering __________ (individual) a way to slow down, focus their minds, and reconnect with their cultural heritage. 9. What makes this art form enduring is how it transforms ink on paper__________ a living record of the human spirit. 10. Following the spirit of craftsmanship of Lu Ban, it shares with other countries China’s vocational education models and vocational skills, and cultivates (培养) __________ (compete) local skilled talents. 11. According to incomplete __________ (statistic),over 50 majors have been offered within the framework of the program, __________ shapes a multi-tier (多层级的) international vocational training system. 12. Nowadays, the Luban Workshop is committed to mutual learning, __________ (serve) economic development of host countries and promoting international capacity production. 举一反三题目(15道,长难句为主,含答案、翻译、解析及知识点) 1. __________ (inspire) by the story of Dr. Xiao, many young people decide to devote themselves to agricultural research, which __________ (help) improve the local people’s living standards. 2. The old artist, together with his two students, __________ (devote) all his life to calligraphy, and his works __________ (praise) by experts at home and abroad for decades. 3. When __________ (ask) about his secret of success in paper-cutting, the old craftsman said that patience and persistence __________ (be) the most important factors. 4. This ancient temple, __________ (build) in the Tang Dynasty, is a precious cultural relic that __________ (attract) thousands of visitors every year and __________ (regard) as a symbol of local history. 5. __________ (unique) combining traditional skills with modern technology, the Luban Workshop has developed new vocational training courses that __________ (help) local people master practical skills and __________ (improve) their employability. 6. What __________ (make) the traditional ink painting so charming is that it can transform simple ink and paper __________ a world full of emotion and philosophy. 7. According to the latest __________ (statistic), the number of students participating in vocational training programs __________ (increase) by 20% in the past three years, which __________ (show) the popularity of vocational education. 8. The foreign expert, who __________ (true) understands Chinese culture, __________ (devote) himself to breaking unfair stereotypes and presenting a real China to the world. 9. Hope, when __________ (plant) in the hearts of people, can transfigure ordinary lives into extraordinary ones and __________ (bring) hope to those who are in trouble. 10. A famous calligrapher, whose works __________ (celebrate) for their artistic value and philosophical depth, said that __________ (train) eye and steady mind are the keys to good calligraphy. 11. __________ (refer) to as the “treasure of Chinese culture”, paper-cutting is an art form that __________ (allow) people to express their wishes and emotions through simple patterns. 12. Dr. Wang, as well as his colleagues, __________ (commit) to researching new varieties of crops, and their efforts __________ (pay) off in the past few years. 13. When __________ (evaluate) the quality of vocational training, experts pay special attention to whether the courses __________ (design) to meet the needs of local industries. 14. The book, which __________ (contain) a lot of practical tips on calligraphy, __________ (translate) into several languages and has been popular among calligraphy lovers around the world. 15. By __________ (share) China’s vocational education experience with other countries, we can help them cultivate __________ (compete) skilled talents and promote mutual development. 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

资源预览图

语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破(11) -2026届高三英语二轮复习专项
1
语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破(11) -2026届高三英语二轮复习专项
2
相关资源
由于学科网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不确保部分用户上传资料的 来源及知识产权归属。如您发现相关资料侵犯您的合法权益,请联系学科网,我们核实后将及时进行处理。