语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破(9)-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

2026-04-21
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 题集-专项训练
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使用场景 高考复习-二轮专题
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
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发布时间 2026-04-21
更新时间 2026-04-21
作者 黑夜5543
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审核时间 2026-04-21
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语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破 第一组 1. Originating in Shenzhen, a city often associated technology and manufacturing, Wing Chun reflects Luo called the city’s “open and inclusive character” and its capacity (integrate) tradition with modern innovation. 答案:with; to integrate 翻译:咏春拳起源于常与科技和制造业联系在一起的深圳,它体现了罗所说的这座城市“开放包容的特质”以及其将传统与现代创新融合的能力。 详细解析: 1. 第一个空:考查固定搭配“be associated with”,意为“与……相关联、与……联系在一起”。句子中“a city often associated with technology and manufacturing”是Shenzhen的同位语,省略了be动词(因是非谓语结构,逻辑主语city与associate是被动关系,故用过去分词associated),因此此处填with。 2. 第二个空:考查固定搭配“capacity to do sth”,意为“做某事的能力”,此处capacity是名词,后接不定式作后置定语,因此填to integrate(integrate意为“融合、结合”)。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 固定搭配“be associated with”: - 含义:把……与……联系起来;与……有关联 - 用法:主语通常是人或事物,被动语态(be + associated + with),也可用于主动语态(associate A with B,意为“将A与B联系起来”)。 - 例句:She is often associated with her great achievements in science.(她常与自己在科学领域的卓越成就联系在一起。);People often associate red with happiness in China.(在中国,人们常把红色和幸福联系起来。) 2. 名词capacity的用法: - 含义:此处为“能力”,此外还有“容量、容积;生产力”等含义。 - 常见搭配:① capacity to do sth(做某事的能力,最常用);② capacity for sth(对某事的能力,如capacity for hard work 吃苦耐劳的能力);③ capacity of + 名词(……的容量/能力,如capacity of the tank 水箱的容量)。 - 例句:He has a great capacity to solve difficult problems.(他有很强的解决难题的能力。);The stadium has a capacity of 50,000 people.(这个体育场能容纳5万人。) 3. 非谓语动词(过去分词作定语):句中“associated with...”是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰city,相当于定语从句“a city which is often associated with...”。过去分词作定语时,表被动、完成,逻辑主语与被修饰词是被动关系(此处city被associate,故用associated)。 2. Beyond the picturesque scenery, the unique architectural techniques (use) to build Tujia stilted buildings(土家吊脚楼) particularly impressed the foreign visitors. 答案:used 翻译:除了如画的风景外,用于建造土家吊脚楼的独特建筑技艺给外国游客留下了特别深刻的印象。 详细解析:考查非谓语动词(过去分词作定语)。句子的主干是“the unique architectural techniques particularly impressed the foreign visitors”(独特的建筑技艺给外国游客留下深刻印象),空格处需填非谓语动词修饰“architectural techniques”(建筑技艺)。“techniques”与“use”之间是被动关系(技艺被用来建造吊脚楼),且“使用技艺”这一动作是已完成的(吊脚楼已建成,技艺已被使用),因此用过去分词used作后置定语,相当于定语从句“which were used to build...”。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 过去分词作后置定语: - 核心用法:修饰名词/代词,位于被修饰词之后,表被动、完成(动作已发生,且被修饰词是动作的承受者)。 - 结构:名词 + 过去分词短语(可还原为“名词 + which/that + be + 过去分词 + 其他”的定语从句)。 - 例句:The book written by Lu Xun is very popular.(鲁迅写的那本书很受欢迎。)→ 还原定语从句:The book which was written by Lu Xun is very popular.;The broken window needs to be repaired.(破碎的窗户需要修理。)→ 还原:The window which is broken needs to be repaired. - 区别于现在分词作定语:现在分词作定语表主动、进行(被修饰词是动作的发出者,动作正在进行),如:The boy running on the playground is my brother.(在操场上跑步的男孩是我弟弟。) 2. 固定搭配“be used to do sth”:意为“被用来做某事”,此处used是过去分词,还原到定语从句中即为“which were used to build...”,其中to do sth表目的(被用来建造……)。 - 注意区分:① used to do sth(过去常常做某事,used是情态动词,后接动词原形);② be used to doing sth(习惯于做某事,to是介词,后接动名词)。 3. 单词impress的用法:impress sb(给某人留下印象);impress sth on sb(把某事印在某人脑海里);be impressed by/with sth(被某事打动/印象深刻),如:I was deeply impressed by her kindness.(我被她的善良深深打动了。) 3. “ (see) this way of nail-free joints to build houses is incredible,” said student Constantin Goffard, who thought that this tradition must be preserved for its unique architectural value and the ancient engineering (wise) behind it. 答案:Seeing; wisdom 翻译:学生康斯坦丁·戈法德说:“看到这种用无钉榫卯建造房屋的方式真是令人难以置信,”他认为这一传统必须被保留下来,因为它独特的建筑价值和背后蕴含的古老工程智慧。 详细解析: 1. 第一个空:考查非谓语动词(动名词作主语)。句子的主干是“______ this way...is incredible”,空格处的动作是句子的主语,动词原形不能作主语,因此需将see改为动名词形式Seeing,动名词短语“Seeing this way...”作主语,表“看到……这件事”。 2. 第二个空:考查词性转换。空格前有形容词ancient(古老的)和名词engineering(工程)修饰,因此需填名词形式,wise是形容词(明智的),其名词形式是wisdom(智慧,不可数名词)。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 动名词作主语: - 核心用法:动名词(doing)是名词性成分,可作句子主语,表“做某事这件事”,通常位于句首,谓语动词用单数形式。 - 例句:Swimming is good for our health.(游泳对我们的健康有益。);Reading English every morning helps improve our pronunciation.(每天早上读英语有助于提高我们的发音。) - 注意区分:不定式(to do)也可作主语,通常表示具体的、一次性的动作,而动名词作主语表示泛指的、习惯性的动作,如:To finish the work on time is important.(按时完成工作很重要,具体动作);Working hard is the key to success.(努力工作是成功的关键,泛指动作)。 2. 词性转换(形容词→名词): - 常见形容词变名词的后缀:① -dom(wise→wisdom);② -ness(happy→happiness);③ -ity(able→ability);④ -tion(active→action)。 - 补充:wisdom是不可数名词,无复数形式,常见搭配:wisdom of experience(经验的智慧);ancient wisdom(古老的智慧)。 3. 定语从句:句中“who thought that...”是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词student Constantin Goffard,who在从句中作主语;定语从句中又包含一个宾语从句“that this tradition must be preserved...”,that引导宾语从句,无实际意义,可省略。 4. 被动语态“must be preserved”:must是情态动词,情态动词后的被动语态结构是“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”,preserve意为“保护、保留”,其过去分词是preserved。 4. In the end, Serneels expressed his hope that more young Europeans would visit China for immersive (沉浸式的) dialogue discovery of the country’s stories. 答案:and 翻译:最后,塞尔内尔斯表达了他的希望,即更多的欧洲年轻人会访问中国,进行沉浸式对话,并探索这个国家的故事。 详细解析:考查并列连词。空格前后的“immersive dialogue”(沉浸式对话)和“discovery of the country’s stories”(探索国家的故事)是并列关系,均是“visit China”(访问中国)的目的,因此用并列连词and连接,表“和、并且”,连接两个并列的名词短语。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 并列连词and的用法: - 核心功能:连接两个并列的词、短语或句子,表“和、并且”,体现前后内容的并列、顺承关系。 - 连接并列成分:① 连接两个名词/名词短语(如本题:dialogue and discovery);② 连接两个动词/动词短语(He sat down and began to read.);③ 连接两个句子(I like coffee and she likes tea.)。 - 注意:and连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词通常用复数(Tom and Jerry are good friends.);但如果两个主语指同一个人或事物,谓语动词用单数(Bread and butter is my breakfast.)。 2. 同位语从句:句中“that more young Europeans would visit China...”是同位语从句,修饰先行词hope,that引导同位语从句,无实际意义,不可省略,用于解释说明hope的具体内容(“希望”的具体是什么)。 - 区别于定语从句:同位语从句是对先行词的“解释说明”,先行词通常是抽象名词(hope, idea, news, fact等);定语从句是对先行词的“修饰限定”,先行词可以是任意名词,且引导词在从句中作成分。 3. 介词for的用法:此处for表目的,意为“为了”,后接名词或动名词(本题后接名词短语dialogue and discovery),如:I go to the library for reading.(我去图书馆看书。) 5. Technological methods come into play, (help) experts analyze the components of the ink and silk that ancient people used, and source historically consistent materials. 答案:helping 翻译:技术方法开始发挥作用,帮助专家分析古人使用的墨和丝绸的成分,并寻找与历史一致的材料。 详细解析:考查非谓语动词(现在分词作伴随状语)。句子的主干是“Technological methods come into play”(技术方法开始发挥作用),空格处的动作是主干动作的伴随状态(技术方法发挥作用的同时,帮助专家做某事),且“technological methods”与“help”之间是主动关系(技术方法主动帮助专家),因此用现在分词helping作伴随状语,表主动、伴随。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 现在分词作伴随状语: - 核心用法:现在分词(doing)位于句末,用逗号与主句隔开,表伴随、结果、原因等,此处表伴随(主干动作发生时,同时发生的动作)。逻辑主语是主句的主语(本题中help的逻辑主语是technological methods),且逻辑主语与动作是主动关系。 - 例句:She sat on the sofa, watching TV.(她坐在沙发上,看电视。);He ran out of the room, shouting loudly.(他冲出房间,大声喊叫。) - 表结果:现在分词作结果状语时,通常表示“自然而然的结果”,如:The heavy rain fell for a whole day, causing severe floods.(大雨下了一整天,导致了严重的洪水。) 2. 固定搭配“come into play”:意为“开始发挥作用、投入使用”,是常用短语,如:When the problem arises, our previous experience comes into play.(当问题出现时,我们之前的经验开始发挥作用。) 3. 定语从句“that ancient people used”:修饰先行词“the ink and silk”,that在从句中作used的宾语,可省略,还原为“the ink and silk which ancient people used”(古人使用的墨和丝绸)。 4. 单词source的用法:此处source是动词,意为“寻找、获取”,常见搭配source sth from...(从……获取某物);此外source还可作名词,意为“来源、源头”,如:a source of income(收入来源)。 6. Ma says for some (severe) worn pieces, they have created replicas with digital technology, while the restored originals will be placed in storage. 答案:severely 翻译:马说,对于一些严重磨损的文物,他们已经用数字技术制作了复制品,而修复后的原件将被存放起来。 详细解析:考查词性转换(形容词→副词)。空格后是过去分词worn(磨损的),过去分词可作形容词,修饰名词pieces(此处指文物),而修饰形容词/过去分词需用副词,因此需将形容词severe(严重的)改为副词severely(严重地),修饰worn,表“严重磨损的”。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 副词修饰形容词/过去分词: - 核心规则:副词的主要功能是修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,此处severely是副词,修饰过去分词worn(相当于形容词),说明“磨损”的程度。 - 常见形容词变副词的后缀:① -ly(severe→severely;quick→quickly);② -ily(happy→happily);③ -ally(final→finally)。 - 注意:部分形容词本身可作副词(如fast, late, hard),但含义可能不同,如:hard(形容词,坚硬的;副词,努力地);hardly(副词,几乎不)。 2. 连词while的用法:此处while表对比,意为“而、然而”,连接两个并列的句子,体现“复制品被制作”和“原件被存放”的对比关系。 - while的其他用法:① 表时间,意为“当……的时候”,后接延续性动词(While I was reading, the phone rang.);② 表让步,意为“虽然、尽管”(While he is young, he knows a lot.)。 3. 被动语态:“will be placed”是一般将来时的被动语态,结构为“will + be + 过去分词”,表“将被……”;“restored”是过去分词作定语,修饰originals(原件),表“被修复的”。 4. 单词replica的用法:名词,意为“复制品、仿制品”,可数名词,复数形式是replicas,常见搭配:a replica of...(……的复制品),如:a replica of the ancient vase(古代花瓶的复制品)。 7. Graduates of various majors joining our group must train their masters' guidance for three years, refining their mounting and restoration skills. 答案:under 翻译:加入我们团队的各个专业的毕业生必须在他们师傅的指导下培训三年,不断提升他们的装裱和修复技能。 详细解析:考查固定搭配“under one’s guidance”,意为“在某人的指导下”。此处表示“在师傅的指导下进行培训”,因此填介词under,是固定用法,不可用其他介词(如in, with等)替换。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 固定搭配“under one’s guidance”: - 含义:在某人的指导/引导下,同义短语有“under the guidance of sb”(用法一致,如under the guidance of their masters)。 - 例句:Under the teacher’s guidance, we finished the experiment successfully.(在老师的指导下,我们成功完成了实验。);He made great progress under his coach’s guidance.(在教练的指导下,他取得了很大的进步。) - 注意:guidance是名词,意为“指导、引导”,其动词形式是guide(引导、指导),常见搭配“guide sb to do sth”(引导某人做某事)。 2. 现在分词作伴随状语:句中“refining their mounting and restoration skills”是现在分词短语作伴随状语,逻辑主语是graduates(毕业生),与refine(提升、改进)是主动关系,表“培训的同时,不断提升技能”,与第5题的现在分词用法一致。 3. 非谓语动词(现在分词作定语):“joining our group”是现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰graduates(毕业生),逻辑主语graduates与join(加入)是主动关系,表“正在加入我们团队的毕业生”,相当于定语从句“who join our group”。 4. 单词mounting的用法:此处是名词,意为“装裱、裱糊”,是不可数名词;此外mounting还可作形容词,意为“不断增加的”(如mounting pressure 不断增加的压力),也可作现在分词(表“安装、登上”)。 8. Jin believes that restoring cultural relics is not simply mending is broken, but about continuing a chain of human creativity and memory. 答案:what 翻译:金认为,修复文物不仅仅是修补破损的部分,更是延续人类创造力和记忆的链条。 详细解析:考查宾语从句引导词。句子中“mending ______ is broken”是动名词短语作表语(is not simply mending...),其中“______ is broken”是宾语从句,作mending(修补)的宾语。宾语从句中缺少主语,且指代“破损的东西、破损的部分”,因此用what引导宾语从句,what在从句中作主语,相当于“the thing that”(破损的东西)。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. what引导宾语从句: - 核心用法:what是连接代词,引导宾语从句时,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,指代“……的东西、……的事情”,相当于“the thing(s) that/which”。 - 例句:I don’t know what he said.(我不知道他说了什么。→ what作said的宾语);She showed me what she bought yesterday.(她给我看了她昨天买的东西。→ what作bought的宾语);This is what I want.(这就是我想要的东西。→ what作表语)。 - 区别于that引导的宾语从句:that引导宾语从句时,无实际意义,在从句中不作成分,可省略;而what有实际意义,在从句中必须作成分。 2. 固定结构“not simply...but (also)...”:意为“不仅仅是……更是……”,表递进关系,连接两个并列的成分(本题中连接mending...和about continuing...)。 - 例句:Learning English is not simply memorizing words, but (also) improving our ability to communicate.(学习英语不仅仅是记单词,更是提高我们的沟通能力。) 3. 动名词作表语:“restoring cultural relics is not simply mending...”中,restoring cultural relics(修复文物)是动名词短语作主语,mending...是动名词短语作表语,用于说明主语的内容(修复文物这件事是什么)。 4. 单词mend的用法:动词,意为“修补、修理”,侧重修补破损、有漏洞的东西(如衣物、文物等),区别于repair(侧重修理机械、电器等),如:mend a broken bowl(修补破损的碗);repair a car(修理汽车)。 9. The first high-speed line, officially (launch) in 2008, now stretches over 45,000 kilometers, connecting more than 500 cities across the country. 答案:launched 翻译:2008年正式开通的第一条高速铁路,如今已延伸至45000多公里,连接着全国500多个城市。 详细解析:考查非谓语动词(过去分词作定语)。句子的主干是“The first high-speed line now stretches over 45,000 kilometers”(第一条高速铁路如今延伸至45000多公里),空格处的“officially ______ in 2008”是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰“The first high-speed line”(第一条高速铁路)。“high-speed line”与“launch”(开通、启动)之间是被动关系(高铁被开通),且“开通”这一动作发生在2008年(过去的动作),因此用过去分词launched,相当于定语从句“which was officially launched in 2008”。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 过去分词作后置定语(重复强调,结合本题巩固): - 本题中,过去分词launched修饰高铁,表被动(高铁被开通)、完成(2008年已开通,动作已完成),与第2题的用法完全一致。 - 拓展:如果动作是“正在被进行”,则用“being + 过去分词”作定语,如:The building being built is our new school.(正在被建造的大楼是我们的新学校。) 2. 单词launch的用法: - 此处是动词,意为“开通、启动、发射”,过去分词是launched,常见搭配:launch a project(启动一个项目);launch a satellite(发射卫星);launch a high-speed line(开通高速铁路)。 - 此外launch还可作名词,意为“启动、发射”,如:the launch of a new product(新产品的推出)。 3. 现在分词作伴随状语:“connecting more than 500 cities across the country”是现在分词短语作伴随状语,逻辑主语是“The first high-speed line”,与connect(连接)是主动关系,表“高铁延伸的同时,连接着500多个城市”,与第5题、第7题的现在分词用法一致。 4. 单词stretch的用法:动词,意为“延伸、伸展”,常见搭配:stretch from...to...(从……延伸到……);stretch over...(延伸至……长度),如:The river stretches from the mountains to the sea.(这条河从山脉延伸到大海。) 10. Each line plays a special role. The Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway cuts travel time between the two cities from 10 hours to just 4.5 hours, having increased passenger flow nearly 60% in the past decade. 答案:by 翻译:每条线路都发挥着特殊的作用。京沪高速铁路将两座城市之间的旅行时间从10小时缩短至仅4.5小时,在过去十年间使客流量增加了近60%。 详细解析:考查介词by的用法。此处表示“客流量增加了近60%”,“增加/减少了……比例”需用介词by,后接具体的百分比或数量,表“增减的幅度”;若表示“增加/减少到……”,则用介词to。本题中是“增加了60%”,因此填by。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 介词by表“增减幅度”: - 核心用法:当表示“数量、比例增加/减少了……”时,用by + 具体数值/百分比;表示“增加/减少到……”时,用to + 具体数值/百分比。 - 例句:The price of oil has increased by 20%.(油价上涨了20%。);The population has decreased by 5000.(人口减少了5000人。);The temperature dropped to 5 degrees Celsius.(气温降到了5摄氏度。) 2. 现在分词完成式(having done)作状语:句中“having increased passenger flow by nearly 60% in the past decade”是现在分词完成式作结果状语,表“先发生的动作(增加客流量)对现在造成的结果(旅行时间缩短带来的影响)”。 - 用法:现在分词完成式(having done)表示动作发生在主句动作之前,且逻辑主语与动作是主动关系,此处“increase”(增加)发生在“cuts”(缩短)之前(先增加客流量,再体现线路的作用),因此用having increased。 - 例句:Having finished his homework, he went out to play.(完成作业后,他出去玩耍了。→ finish发生在go out之前) 3. 固定搭配“cut...from...to...”:意为“将……从……缩短/削减到……”,cut此处意为“缩短、削减”,如:We need to cut the cost from 1000 yuan to 800 yuan.(我们需要将成本从1000元削减到800元。) 4. 短语“in the past decade”:意为“在过去十年间”,是现在完成时的标志词,但本题中用了现在分词完成式(having increased),因为主句是一般现在时(cuts),此处用现在分词完成式体现动作的先后关系。 11. The Lanzhou–Xinjiang High-Speed Railway is the only line crosses the vast Gobi Desert, bringing new opportunities to remote areas. 答案:that 翻译:兰新高速铁路是唯一一条穿越广袤戈壁沙漠的线路,为偏远地区带来了新的机遇。 详细解析:考查定语从句引导词。句子中“______ crosses the vast Gobi Desert”是定语从句,修饰先行词the only line(唯一一条线路)。先行词被the only(唯一的)修饰,且定语从句中缺少主语,因此用that引导定语从句,不能用which(当先行词被the only, the very, all, any等修饰时,定语从句引导词用that,不用which)。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 定语从句引导词that与which的区别(重点): - 共同点:两者都可引导限制性定语从句,指代物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 - 不同点:当先行词满足以下条件时,只能用that,不能用which: ① 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰(如本题:the only line); ② 先行词是不定代词(all, nothing, something, anything等),如:All that glitters is not gold.(闪光的不一定都是金子。); ③ 先行词既有人又有物,如:I saw a man and a dog that were walking along the street.(我看到一个男人和一条狗正在街上走。); ④ 先行词被序数词(first, second...)或形容词最高级(best, tallest...)修饰,如:This is the first book that I bought.(这是我买的第一本书。) - 本题中,先行词the only line被the only修饰,因此只能用that引导定语从句,that在从句中作主语。 2. 现在分词作伴随状语:“bringing new opportunities to remote areas”是现在分词短语作伴随状语,逻辑主语是The Lanzhou–Xinjiang High-Speed Railway,与bring(带来)是主动关系,表“线路穿越戈壁的同时,为偏远地区带来机遇”。 3. 单词vast的用法:形容词,意为“广袤的、巨大的”,修饰名词(如本题的Gobi Desert),常见搭配:vast desert(广袤的沙漠);vast amounts of(大量的),如:vast amounts of money(大量的钱)。 12. The Qingdao–Jinan line (feature) the country’s first self-developed “Fuxing” bullet trains, reaching speeds of up to 350 km/h. 答案:features 翻译:济青高铁以中国首款自主研发的“复兴号”动车组为特色,最高时速可达350公里。 详细解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句子的主语是“The Qingdao–Jinan line”(济青高铁),是单数名词,因此谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。结合句意,句子描述的是济青高铁的客观特征(以复兴号为特色),因此用一般现在时,feature(以……为特色)的第三人称单数形式是features。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 一般现在时的主谓一致: - 核心规则:当主语是单数名词、不可数名词或第三人称单数代词(he, she, it)时,谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式(通常在动词后加-s/-es)。 - 动词变第三人称单数的规则:① 一般动词直接加-s(feature→features;play→plays);② 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的动词加-es(watch→watches;pass→passes);③ 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变y为i加-es(study→studies;carry→carries);④ 不规则变化(have→has;do→does)。 - 例句:The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。→ 主语the sun是单数,rise用第三人称单数rises);She likes reading books.(她喜欢看书。→ 主语she是第三人称单数,like用likes)。 2. 单词feature的用法: - 此处是动词,意为“以……为特色、具有……特征”,常见搭配:feature sth(以某物为特色);feature in sth(在某物中担任主角、作为特色出现),如:The movie features a famous actor.(这部电影以一位著名演员为特色。);This element features in many of his works.(这一元素在他的许多作品中都有体现。) - 此外feature还可作名词,意为“特色、特征;特写”,如:a key feature(一个主要特色);a feature article(一篇特写文章)。 3. 现在分词作伴随状语:“reaching speeds of up to 350 km/h”是现在分词短语作伴随状语,逻辑主语是“The Qingdao–Jinan line”,与reach(达到)是主动关系,表“济青高铁以复兴号为特色的同时,最高时速达到350公里”。 4. 复合形容词“self-developed”:意为“自主研发的”,由“self-(自身、自我)+ 过去分词”构成,类似的复合形容词还有self-made(自制的、白手起家的);self-introduced(自我介绍的)。 13. In 2023, China completed the expansion of the high-speed network to cover all provincial capitals, (improve) connectivity for millions. 答案:improving 翻译:2023年,中国完成了高速铁路网的扩建,实现了对所有省会城市的覆盖,改善了数百万人的出行连通性。 详细解析:核心考查非谓语动词(现在分词作结果状语)。句子的主干是“China completed the expansion of the high-speed network”(中国完成了高速铁路网的扩建),“to cover all provincial capitals”是不定式作目的状语,表“扩建的目的是覆盖所有省会城市”;“improving connectivity for millions”是现在分词短语作结果状语,表“扩建后自然而然产生的结果(改善了数百万人的连通性)”,逻辑主语是前面整个句子(中国完成扩建这件事),与improve(改善)是主动关系。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 不定式作目的状语: - 核心用法:不定式(to do)位于句末,表“做某事的目的”,可译为“为了……”,逻辑主语是主句的主语(本题中to cover的逻辑主语是China)。 - 例句:He went to the supermarket to buy some food.(他去超市买一些食物。→ 目的是买食物);We study hard to get good grades.(我们努力学习是为了取得好成绩。) - 注意:不定式作目的状语时,可在to前加in order to或so as to,语气更强烈,如:China completed the expansion in order to cover all provincial capitals.(中国完成扩建是为了覆盖所有省会城市。) 2. 现在分词作结果状语(补充): - 本题中,improving...是现在分词作结果状语,表“自然而然的结果”,区别于不定式作结果状语(表“出乎意料的结果”,通常与only连用),如:He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.(他匆忙赶到车站,却发现火车已经开走了。→ 出乎意料的结果)。 3. 单词expansion的用法:名词,意为“扩建、扩张”,其动词形式是expand(扩张、扩大),常见搭配:the expansion of...(……的扩建/扩张);expand into...(扩张到……),如:the expansion of the company(公司的扩张);The city expanded into the surrounding areas.(这座城市扩张到了周边地区。) 4. 时间状语“In 2023”:表示过去的具体时间,因此主句用一般过去时(completed),completed是complete的过去式,意为“完成、竣工”。 14. Every night, she would study under the dim light, (complete) her homework before helping her younger siblings. 答案:completing 翻译:每天晚上,她都会在昏暗的灯光下学习,在帮助弟弟妹妹之前完成作业。 详细解析:考查非谓语动词(现在分词作伴随状语)。句子的主干是“she would study under the dim light”(她会在昏暗的灯光下学习),空格处的动作是主干动作的伴随状态(学习的同时,完成作业),且“she”与“complete”(完成)之间是主动关系(她主动完成作业),因此用现在分词completing作伴随状语,表主动、伴随。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 现在分词作伴随状语(再次巩固): - 本题中,completing her homework...是现在分词短语作伴随状语,逻辑主语是she,与complete是主动关系,表“学习的同时完成作业”,与第5、7、9、12题的用法一致,重点掌握“主动关系+伴随状态”的核心逻辑。 - 拓展:如果逻辑主语与动作是被动关系,则用过去分词作伴随状语,如:She sat there, surrounded by her friends.(她坐在那里,被朋友们围着。→ 被动关系)。 2. 情态动词would的用法:此处would表“过去习惯性的动作”,意为“过去常常、会”,相当于used to do sth,但would更强调“过去某个时间段内经常性的动作”,且可用于过去进行时的语境中;used to do sth还可表示“过去曾经存在的状态”。 - 例句:When I was a child, I would go to the park every weekend.(我小时候,每个周末都会去公园。→ 过去习惯性动作);There used to be a river here.(这里曾经有一条河。→ 过去的状态,不能用would)。 3. 介词before的用法:此处before是介词,后接动名词helping(help的动名词形式),意为“在……之前”,介词后接动词时,需将动词改为动名词。 - 例句:I finish my work before going home.(我回家之前完成工作。);He read a book before sleeping.(他睡觉前读了一本书。) 4. 单词dim的用法:形容词,意为“昏暗的、暗淡的”,修饰名词(如本题的light),常见搭配:dim light(昏暗的灯光);dim memory(模糊的记忆),如:I can only remember a dim memory of my childhood.(我只能记得童年的模糊记忆。) 15. Today, she serves as a powerful reminder that with persistence, even the (far) dreams can become reality. 答案:farthest 翻译:如今,她成为了一个有力的榜样,提醒着人们:只要坚持不懈,即使是最遥远的梦想也能成为现实。 详细解析:考查形容词的最高级。空格前有定冠词the,结合句意“即使是最遥远的梦想”,可知此处需用far的最高级形式farthest,表“最遥远的”。far的比较级和最高级有两种形式:farther/farthest(侧重指“距离上的远”);further/furthest(侧重指“程度上的进一步、更深层次的”),本题中修饰dreams(梦想),指“距离上的遥远”,因此用farthest。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 形容词最高级的用法: - 核心规则:形容词最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较,表示“最……”,前面通常加定冠词the,后面可接of/in短语(表比较范围)。 - 例句:This is the tallest building in the city.(这是这座城市里最高的建筑。);She is the most beautiful girl in our class.(她是我们班最漂亮的女孩。) - 不规则形容词的最高级:good/well→best;bad/ill→worst;many/much→most;little→least;far→farther/farthest(距离)/further/furthest(程度)。 2. far的比较级和最高级辨析(重点): - farther(比较级)/farthest(最高级):仅指“距离上的远”,如:My home is farther from school than yours.(我家比你家离学校远。);That is the farthest place I have ever been to.(那是我去过的最远的地方。) - further(比较级)/furthest(最高级):① 指“程度上的进一步、更深层次的”;② 可指“距离上的远”(与farther通用,但更口语化),如:I need further information about this project.(我需要关于这个项目的进一步信息。→ 程度);We walked further along the road.(我们沿着路走得更远了。→ 距离)。 3. 同位语从句“that with persistence, even the farthest dreams can become reality”:修饰先行词a powerful reminder(一个有力的榜样/提醒),that引导同位语从句,解释说明reminder的具体内容,无实际意义,不可省略。 4. 固定搭配“serve as”:意为“担任、作为、充当”,如:He serves as a teacher in a middle school.(他在一所中学担任老师。);This book serves as a guide for beginners.(这本书可作为初学者的指南。) 5. 单词persistence的用法:名词,意为“坚持不懈、毅力”,其形容词形式是persistent(坚持不懈的),常见搭配:with persistence(坚持不懈地);persistence in doing sth(坚持做某事),如:With persistence, you will succeed.(只要坚持不懈,你就会成功。) 16. The first five national parks, officially (establish) in 2021, cover 230,000 square kilometers and protect nearly 30% of the country’s key wildlife species. 答案:established 翻译:2021年正式设立的首批五个国家公园,占地面积达23万平方公里,保护着全国近30%的重点野生动物物种。 详细解析:考查非谓语动词(过去分词作定语)。句子的主干是“The first five national parks cover 230,000 square kilometers and protect nearly 30% of the country’s key wildlife species”(首批五个国家公园占地面积达23万平方公里,保护着全国近30%的重点野生动物物种),空格处的“officially ______ in 2021”是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰“The first five national parks”(首批五个国家公园)。“national parks”与“establish”(设立、建立)之间是被动关系(国家公园被设立),且“设立”这一动作发生在2021年(过去的动作),因此用过去分词established,相当于定语从句“which were officially established in 2021”。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 过去分词作定语(再次巩固,重点掌握): - 本题与第2题、第9题用法完全一致,均是“名词 + 过去分词短语”,表被动、完成,还原为定语从句时需用被动语态(were established)。 - 注意:如果过去分词作定语时,前面有being,则表“正在被进行”,如:The national parks being established now will open next year.(正在被设立的国家公园明年将开放。) 2. 单词establish的用法: - 此处是动词,意为“设立、建立、创办”,过去分词是established,常见搭配:establish a park(设立公园);establish a company(创办公司);establish a rule(制定规则)。 - 此外establish还可作动词,意为“确立、使稳固”,如:establish a good reputation(树立良好的声誉);establish friendship between two countries(建立两国之间的友谊)。 - 其名词形式是establishment,意为“建立、设立;机构”,如:the establishment of national parks(国家公园的设立);a research establishment(研究机构)。 3. 主谓一致:句子的主语是“The first five national parks”(首批五个国家公园),是复数名词,因此谓语动词用复数形式(cover和protect),与第12题的单数主语主谓一致形成对比,注意区分单数/复数主语对应的谓语动词形式。 4. 数字表达:“230,000 square kilometers”表示“23万平方公里”,英语中数字的表达规则:千位和百位之间用逗号隔开,百位和十位之间用and连接(美式英语可省略);“30%”表示“百分之三十”,英语中百分比的表达是“数字 + %”,读作“thirty percent”。 举一反三题目(15道,长难句为主,含答案、翻译、解析、核心知识点) 1. Having spent three years studying traditional Chinese painting, she has developed a deep understanding of the art form, which (enable) her to create works that combine tradition with modern aesthetics. 答案:enables 翻译:在花了三年时间学习中国传统绘画后,她对这种艺术形式有了深刻的理解,这使她能够创作出将传统与现代美学相结合的作品。 详细解析:考查动词时态和主谓一致。句子中“which ______ her to create works...”是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“a deep understanding”(深刻的理解),先行词是单数名词,因此定语从句的谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。结合句意,句子描述的是现在的状态(她现在能够创作作品),因此用一般现在时,enable(使能够)的第三人称单数形式是enables。此外,句首“Having spent three years...”是现在分词完成式作状语,表“先花费时间学习,再产生理解”的先后关系。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 非限制性定语从句的主谓一致:非限制性定语从句的谓语动词单复数由先行词的单复数决定,本题先行词a deep understanding是单数,故谓语动词用enables。 - 例句:She bought a new book, which is very interesting.(她买了一本新书,这本书很有趣。→ 先行词book是单数,谓语动词用is);They visited some old temples, which are well-preserved.(他们参观了一些古老的寺庙,这些寺庙保存完好。→ 先行词temples是复数,谓语动词用are)。 2. 现在分词完成式(having done)作状语:与第10题用法一致,表动作发生在主句动作之前(spend发生在develop之前),逻辑主语是主句主语she,与spend是主动关系。 3. 单词enable的用法:动词,意为“使能够、使成为可能”,常见搭配:enable sb to do sth(使某人能够做某事),如:Technology enables us to communicate with people far away.(科技使我们能够与远方的人交流。) 4. 定语从句“that combine tradition with modern aesthetics”:修饰先行词works(作品),that在从句中作主语,先行词是复数,因此谓语动词用combine(原形)。 2. The ancient temple, (build) in the Tang Dynasty, has been restored several times, but it still retains its original architectural style and cultural connotation. 答案:built 翻译:这座建于唐代的古寺已经被修复过多次,但它仍然保留着其原始的建筑风格和文化内涵。 详细解析:考查非谓语动词(过去分词作定语)。句子的主干是“The ancient temple has been restored several times”(这座古寺已经被修复过多次),空格处的“______ in the Tang Dynasty”是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰“The ancient temple”(古寺)。“古寺”与“build”(建造)之间是被动关系(古寺被建造),且“建造”这一动作发生在唐代(过去的动作,已完成),因此用过去分词built,相当于定语从句“which was built in the Tang Dynasty”。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 过去分词作后置定语(巩固):与第2、9、16题用法完全一致,表被动、完成,修饰名词,还原为定语从句时用被动语态。 2. 现在完成时的被动语态:“has been restored”是现在完成时的被动语态,结构为“have/has + been + 过去分词”,表“过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响”(古寺过去被修复,现在仍然保留原始风格)。 - 例句:The letter has been sent to him.(这封信已经寄给他了。→ 过去寄信,现在信已在途中或已收到);These books have been borrowed by the students.(这些书已经被学生借走了。) 3. 单词retain的用法:动词,意为“保留、保持”,常见搭配:retain one’s style(保留某人的风格);retain memory(保留记忆),如:He retains a clear memory of his childhood.(他对童年有着清晰的记忆。) 4. 连词but的用法:表转折关系,连接两个并列的句子,体现“被修复多次”和“保留原始风格”的转折关系,如:He is tired, but he still keeps working.(他很累,但他仍然继续工作。) 3. No one can deny that what we do today will have a great impact on the environment we live in the future, so we must take action to protect it now. 答案:where 翻译:没有人能否认,我们今天所做的事情会对我们未来生活的环境产生重大影响,因此我们现在必须采取行动保护它。 详细解析:考查定语从句引导词。句子中“______ we live in the future”是定语从句,修饰先行词the environment(环境)。先行词是表示地点的名词,且定语从句中缺少地点状语(we live in the environment,in the environment在从句中作地点状语),因此用where引导定语从句,where相当于“in which”,即“in which we live in the future”。此外,句首“that what we do today...”是宾语从句,作deny的宾语,其中what we do today是宾语从句中的主语从句。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. where引导定语从句: - 核心用法:where是关系副词,引导定语从句,修饰表示地点的先行词(如environment, place, city等),在从句中作地点状语,相当于“in/on/at + which”。 - 例句:This is the city where I was born.(这是我出生的城市。→ 相当于This is the city in which I was born.);He works in a factory where cars are made.(他在一家制造汽车的工厂工作。→ 相当于He works in a factory in which cars are made.) - 区别于which引导的定语从句:which是关系代词,修饰表示地点的先行词时,在从句中作主语或宾语,如:This is the city which I visited last year.(这是我去年参观过的城市。→ which作visited的宾语)。 2. 宾语从句嵌套主语从句:“that what we do today will have a great impact...”中,that引导宾语从句(作deny的宾语),what we do today是主语从句(作宾语从句的主语),what在主语从句中作do的宾语。 - 例句:I believe that what he said is true.(我相信他说的话是真的。→ that引导宾语从句,what he said是主语从句)。 3. 固定搭配“have an impact on”:意为“对……产生影响”,impact是名词,可替换为influence,如:His words had a great impact on me.(他的话对我产生了很大的影响。) 4. 情态动词must的用法:must表“必须、一定”,后接动词原形,语气强烈,用于提出建议或要求,如:We must finish the work on time.(我们必须按时完成工作。) 4. As a famous scientist, he devotes most of his time to doing research, (hope) to make a breakthrough in the field of renewable energy and help solve the energy crisis. 答案:hoping 翻译:作为一名著名的科学家,他把大部分时间都投入到研究中,希望在可再生能源领域取得突破,并帮助解决能源危机。 详细解析:考查非谓语动词(现在分词作伴随状语)。句子的主干是“he devotes most of his time to doing research”(他把大部分时间投入到研究中),空格处的动作是主干动作的伴随状态(投入研究的同时,希望取得突破),且“he”与“hope”(希望)之间是主动关系(他主动希望),因此用现在分词hoping作伴随状语,表主动、伴随。此外,“devotes most of his time to doing research”中,to是介词,后接动名词doing。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 现在分词作伴随状语(巩固):与第5、7、14题用法一致,逻辑主语是主句主语,与动作是主动关系,位于句末,用逗号与主句隔开。 2. 固定搭配“devote...to...”:意为“把……投入到……中”,to是介词,后接名词或动名词,不能接动词原形,如:She devotes all her energy to teaching.(她把所有精力都投入到教学中。);He devotes his life to helping the poor.(他一生都致力于帮助穷人。) 3. 单词breakthrough的用法:名词,意为“突破、重大进展”,常见搭配:make a breakthrough in...(在……领域取得突破),如:Scientists have made a major breakthrough in medical research.(科学家们在医学研究领域取得了重大突破。) 4. 动词solve的用法:动词,意为“解决、解决问题”,常见搭配:solve a problem(解决问题);solve a crisis(解决危机),如:We need to find a way to solve this problem.(我们需要找到解决这个问题的方法。) 5. 介词as的用法:此处as意为“作为”,后接身份、职业等名词,如:As a teacher, I should be patient with students.(作为一名老师,我应该对学生有耐心。) 5. The number of students who choose to study abroad has increased 30% in the past five years, which shows that more young people are willing to broaden their horizons through international education. 答案:by 翻译:在过去五年间,选择出国留学的学生人数增加了30%,这表明越来越多的年轻人愿意通过国际教育拓宽自己的视野。 详细解析:考查介词by的用法。此处表示“学生人数增加了30%”,“增加了……比例”需用介词by,后接具体的百分比,表增减幅度,与第10题的用法完全一致;若表示“增加到30%”,则用介词to。此外,句中“who choose to study abroad”是定语从句,修饰先行词students,who在从句中作主语。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 介词by表增减幅度(巩固):by + 百分比/数量,表“增加/减少了……”;to + 百分比/数量,表“增加/减少到……”,如:The number of employees has decreased by 10%.(员工人数减少了10%。);The temperature rose to 25 degrees.(气温升到了25度。) 2. “the number of”与“a number of”的区别(重点): - the number of + 复数名词:意为“……的数量”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式(本题中has increased),如:The number of cars on the road is increasing.(路上的汽车数量正在增加。) - a number of + 复数名词:意为“许多、大量”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,如:A number of students are late for class.(许多学生上课迟到了。) 3. 现在完成时:“has increased”是现在完成时,句中“in the past five years”(在过去五年间)是现在完成时的标志词,表动作从过去开始,持续到现在,并可能继续下去。 4. 固定搭配“broaden one’s horizons”:意为“拓宽某人的视野”,是常用短语,如:Traveling can broaden our horizons.(旅行能拓宽我们的视野。) 6. It is reported that the new bridge, which (connect) the two cities across the river, will be put into use next year and will greatly shorten the travel time between them. 答案:connects 翻译:据报道,这座连接河两岸两座城市的新桥将于明年投入使用,并将大大缩短两座城市之间的旅行时间。 详细解析:考查动词时态和主谓一致。句子中“which ______ the two cities across the river”是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the new bridge(新桥),先行词是单数名词,因此定语从句的谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。结合句意,句子描述的是新桥的客观功能(连接两座城市),因此用一般现在时,connect(连接)的第三人称单数形式是connects。此外,句首“It is reported that...”是固定句型,意为“据报道……”,that引导主语从句。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 非限制性定语从句的主谓一致(巩固):先行词是单数名词,定语从句谓语动词用第三人称单数,与举一反三第1题用法一致。 2. 固定句型“It is reported that...”:意为“据报道……”,类似的句型还有It is said that...(据说……);It is believed that...(人们相信……),其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,如:It is said that he will come to our school tomorrow.(据说他明天会来我们学校。) 3. 一般将来时:“will be put into use”和“will greatly shorten”是一般将来时,表“将来要发生的动作”,时间状语是next year(明年)。“be put into use”是被动语态,意为“被投入使用”,put的过去分词是put。 4. 单词shorten的用法:动词,意为“缩短、缩短时间”,是由“形容词short(短的)+ 后缀-en”构成的动词,类似的动词还有widen(拓宽)、lengthen(延长)、strengthen(加强),如:We need to shorten the meeting time.(我们需要缩短会议时间。) 7. She is one of the few students who (be) able to speak both English and French fluently, and she often helps her classmates with their language learning. 答案:are 翻译:她是少数几个能流利说英语和法语的学生之一,并且她经常帮助同学们学习语言。 详细解析:考查定语从句的主谓一致。句子中“who ______ able to speak both English and French fluently”是定语从句,修饰先行词the few students(少数几个学生),先行词是复数名词,因此定语从句的谓语动词需用复数形式are。注意:“one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中,定语从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式,因为先行词是复数名词(the few students),而非one。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. “one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”的主谓一致(重点): - 核心规则:定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式,因为先行词是复数名词(被one of修饰的复数名词),如:He is one of the students who are good at math.(他是擅长数学的学生之一。→ 先行词students是复数,谓语动词用are)。 - 特殊情况:如果one of前面有the only, the very等修饰,则定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式,如:He is the only one of the students who is good at math.(他是唯一擅长数学的学生。→ 先行词是the only one,单数,谓语动词用is)。 2. 固定搭配“be able to do sth”:意为“能够做某事”,相当于can,但be able to可以用于各种时态,而can只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时,如:She has been able to speak English since she was five.(她从五岁起就会说英语了。→ 现在完成时,用be able to,不能用can)。 3. 副词fluently的用法:副词,意为“流利地”,修饰动词speak,说明“说语言”的程度,形容词形式是fluent(流利的),常见搭配:speak English fluently(流利说英语);fluent in English(英语流利)。 4. 固定搭配“help sb with sth”:意为“帮助某人做某事”,相当于help sb (to) do sth,如:She helps me with my homework every day.(她每天帮我做作业。);She helps me (to) finish my homework every day.(同上)。 8. After (careful) analyzing the data collected from the experiment, the researchers drew a conclusion that the new drug is effective in treating the disease. 答案:carefully 翻译:在仔细分析了从实验中收集的数据后,研究人员得出结论:这种新药在治疗这种疾病方面是有效的。 详细解析:考查词性转换(形容词→副词)。空格后是动名词analyzing(分析),动名词相当于动词,修饰动词需用副词,因此需将形容词careful(仔细的)改为副词carefully(仔细地),修饰analyzing,表“仔细地分析”。此外,“collected from the experiment”是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰data(数据),表“从实验中收集的数据”。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 副词修饰动词(巩固):副词的核心功能之一是修饰动词,说明动作的方式、程度等,此处carefully修饰动名词analyzing(相当于动词),与第6题中severely修饰worn的用法逻辑一致(副词修饰动作/相当于形容词的过去分词)。 2. 词性转换(形容词→副词):常见后缀-ly的用法,careful→carefully;slow→slowly;quick→quickly,注意:以“y”结尾的形容词,变y为i加-ly(happy→happily;easy→easily)。 3. 介词after的用法:此处after是介词,后接动名词analyzing,意为“在……之后”,介词后接动词时,需将动词改为动名词,与第14题中before后接动名词helping的用法一致。 4. 同位语从句“that the new drug is effective in treating the disease”:修饰先行词a conclusion(结论),that引导同位语从句,解释说明结论的具体内容,无实际意义,不可省略。 5. 固定搭配“be effective in doing sth”:意为“在做某事方面有效”,effective是形容词,意为“有效的”,如:This method is effective in improving our study efficiency.(这种方法在提高我们的学习效率方面是有效的。) 9. The old man, who has devoted his whole life to protecting wild animals, says that the most important thing is not to kill wild animals but to respect they live and let them live in peace. 答案:how 翻译:这位一生都致力于保护野生动物的老人说,最重要的事情不是杀死野生动物,而是尊重它们的生活方式,让它们和平生活。 详细解析:考查宾语从句引导词。句子中“______ they live”是宾语从句,作respect(尊重)的宾语。宾语从句中缺少方式状语(“它们如何生活”),因此用how引导宾语从句,how意为“如何、怎样”,在从句中作方式状语。此外,句中“who has devoted his whole life to protecting wild animals”是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the old man,who在从句中作主语,用现在完成时(has devoted)表“从过去到现在一直致力于保护野生动物”。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. how引导宾语从句: - 核心用法:how是连接副词,引导宾语从句,在从句中作方式状语、程度状语或时间状语,意为“如何、怎样;多么”。 - 例句:I don’t know how he solved the problem.(我不知道他是如何解决这个问题的。→ 方式状语);She asked me how old I was.(她问我多大了。→ 程度状语)。 - 区别于what引导的宾语从句:what是连接代词,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,而how是连接副词,在从句中作状语。 2. 固定结构“not...but...”:意为“不是……而是……”,表转折关系,连接两个并列的成分(本题中连接to kill wild animals和to respect how they live),与第8题的“not simply...but...”用法类似。 3. 现在完成时:“has devoted”是现在完成时,表动作从过去开始,持续到现在,并可能继续下去,常见标志词有all one’s life(一生)、since(自从)、for+时间段等。 4. 固定搭配“devote...to...”(巩固):to是介词,后接名词或动名词,本题中to protecting wild animals(致力于保护野生动物),与举一反三第4题用法一致。 10. With the development of artificial intelligence, more and more jobs (replace) by intelligent robots in the future, which will bring great changes to the job market. 答案:will be replaced 翻译:随着人工智能的发展,未来越来越多的工作将被智能机器人取代,这将给就业市场带来巨大的变化。 详细解析:考查一般将来时的被动语态。句子中“more and more jobs”(越来越多的工作)与“replace”(取代)之间是被动关系(工作被机器人取代),且时间状语是in the future(在未来),因此用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为“will + be + 过去分词”,replace的过去分词是replaced,因此填will be replaced。此外,句首“With the development of...”是固定短语,意为“随着……的发展”。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 一般将来时的被动语态: - 结构:will + be + 过去分词,表“将来某个时间会被……”,被动语态的核心是“动作的承受者作主语”,本题中jobs是动作replace的承受者,因此用被动语态。 - 例句:The meeting will be held tomorrow morning.(会议将于明天上午举行。→ 会议被举行);These books will be sent to the children in poor areas.(这些书将被送到贫困地区的孩子们手中。) 2. 固定短语“With the development of...”:意为“随着……的发展”,是常用开头句式,如:With the development of technology, our life becomes more convenient.(随着科技的发展,我们的生活变得更加便利。) 3. 单词artificial intelligence:意为“人工智能”,缩写为AI,是固定搭配,如:Artificial intelligence is changing our life in many ways.(人工智能正在许多方面改变我们的生活。) 4. 非限制性定语从句“which will bring great changes...”:修饰前面整个句子(越来越多的工作被机器人取代这件事),which在从句中作主语,表“这件事将带来巨大变化”。 11. (learn) a foreign language well requires a lot of time and effort, but it can also bring us many benefits such as better communication and broader horizons. 答案:Learning 翻译:学好一门外语需要大量的时间和努力,但它也能给我们带来许多好处,比如更好的沟通和更广阔的视野。 详细解析:考查非谓语动词(动名词作主语)。句子的主干是“______ a foreign language well requires a lot of time and effort”(学好一门外语需要大量的时间和努力),空格处的动作是句子的主语,动词原形不能作主语,因此需将learn改为动名词形式Learning,动名词短语“Learning a foreign language well”作主语,表“学好一门外语这件事”,谓语动词用单数形式requires(与第3题的动名词作主语用法一致)。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 动名词作主语(巩固):动名词(doing)作主语,表泛指的、习惯性的动作,谓语动词用单数形式,与第3题中Seeing作主语的用法完全一致。 - 拓展:不定式(to do)作主语表具体的、一次性的动作,如:To learn English well this term is my goal.(这学期学好英语是我的目标。→ 具体动作)。 2. 动词require的用法:动词,意为“需要、要求”,常见搭配:require sth(需要某物);require sb to do sth(要求某人做某事);require doing sth(需要被做,相当于require to be done),如:The work requires patience.(这项工作需要耐心。);The room requires cleaning.(这个房间需要打扫。→ 相当于The room requires to be cleaned.) 3. 名词effort的用法:名词,意为“努力”,不可数名词,常见搭配:make an effort to do sth(努力做某事);a lot of effort(大量努力),如:He made great efforts to pass the exam.(他努力通过考试。) 4. 短语“such as”:意为“比如、例如”,用于列举同类人或事物,后接名词或名词短语,如:I like fruits such as apples, bananas and oranges.(我喜欢水果,比如苹果、香蕉和橙子。) 12. The museum, which was built to remember the heroes who sacrificed their lives for the country, (attract) thousands of visitors every year and spreads the spirit of patriotism. 答案:attracts 翻译:这座为纪念为国家牺牲生命的英雄而建造的博物馆,每年吸引成千上万的游客,并传播爱国主义精神。 详细解析:考查动词时态和主谓一致。句子的主干是“The museum ______ thousands of visitors every year and spreads the spirit of patriotism”(这座博物馆每年吸引成千上万的游客,并传播爱国主义精神),主语The museum是单数名词,因此谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。结合时间状语every year(每年),句子描述的是习惯性、经常性的动作,因此用一般现在时,attract(吸引)的第三人称单数形式是attracts。此外,句中“which was built to remember...”是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the museum,“who sacrificed their lives...”是定语从句,修饰先行词the heroes。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 一般现在时的主谓一致(巩固):单数主语(the museum)对应第三人称单数谓语动词(attracts),与第12题的用法一致;and连接两个并列的谓语动词(attracts和spreads),形式保持一致,均用第三人称单数。 2. 一般现在时的用法:表习惯性、经常性的动作或客观事实,常见标志词有every year, every day, usually, often等,如:He goes to school every day.(他每天去上学。→ 习惯性动作);The earth goes around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。→ 客观事实)。 3. 定语从句嵌套:“which was built to remember the heroes who sacrificed...”中,which引导的非限制性定语从句中嵌套了who引导的限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the heroes,who在从句中作主语。 4. 单词patriotism的用法:名词,意为“爱国主义、爱国精神”,是不可数名词,形容词形式是patriotic(爱国的),如:We should have a strong sense of patriotism.(我们应该有强烈的爱国精神。);He is a patriotic young man.(他是一个爱国的年轻人。) 5. 固定搭配“sacrifice one’s life for...”:意为“为……牺牲生命”,sacrifice意为“牺牲”,如:Many heroes sacrificed their lives for the country’s freedom.(许多英雄为了国家的自由牺牲了自己的生命。) 13. We all agree that the plan (put) forward at the meeting yesterday is practical and can help us solve the current problem effectively. 答案:put 翻译:我们都同意,昨天在会议上提出的计划是切实可行的,并且能帮助我们有效解决当前的问题。 详细解析:考查非谓语动词(过去分词作定语)。句子中“______ forward at the meeting yesterday”是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰先行词the plan(计划)。“计划”与“put forward”(提出)之间是被动关系(计划被提出),且“提出”这一动作发生在yesterday(昨天,过去的动作),因此用过去分词put,put forward是固定短语,意为“提出”,put的过去分词是put,相当于定语从句“which was put forward at the meeting yesterday”。此外,句中“that the plan...is practical”是宾语从句,作agree的宾语。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 过去分词作后置定语(巩固):与第2、9、16题用法一致,表被动、完成,修饰名词,此处put forward是短语动词,过去分词形式仍为put forward,作定语时后置。 2. 固定短语“put forward”:意为“提出(计划、建议、观点等)”,如:He put forward a new plan at the meeting.(他在会议上提出了一个新计划。);Many suggestions were put forward by the students.(学生们提出了许多建议。) 3. 形容词practical的用法:形容词,意为“切实可行的、实际的”,常见搭配:a practical plan(切实可行的计划);practical experience(实际经验),如:This is a practical way to solve the problem.(这是解决这个问题的切实可行的方法。) 4. 副词effectively的用法:副词,意为“有效地”,修饰动词solve(解决),说明“解决问题”的效果,形容词形式是effective(有效的),与举一反三第8题中carefully修饰analyzing的用法一致。 5. 时间状语yesterday:表示过去的具体时间,因此定语从句中用一般过去时的被动语态(was put forward),但此处省略了which was,直接用过去分词短语作定语。 14. The more we practice speaking English, the (fluent) we will become, and this is the key to mastering a foreign language. 答案:more fluent 翻译:我们练习说英语越多,就会变得越流利,这是掌握一门外语的关键。 详细解析:考查形容词的比较级(“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”结构)。句子采用“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”的固定结构,意为“越……,就越……”,前半句“The more we practice...”中用了比较级more,后半句也需用对应的比较级形式。fluent(流利的)是多音节形容词,其比较级形式是more fluent,因此填more fluent。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. “the + 比较级,the + 比较级”结构(重点): - 核心用法:表示“越……,就越……”,前半句是条件,后半句是结果,比较级的形式根据形容词/副词的音节数变化。 - 单音节形容词/副词:直接加-er,如:The harder you work, the better grades you will get.(你越努力,成绩就会越好。);The faster he runs, the more tired he feels.(他跑得越快,就越觉得累。) - 多音节形容词/副词:在前面加more,如本题:the more fluent(更流利的);The more carefully you do your homework, the fewer mistakes you will make.(你做作业越仔细,犯的错误就越少。) - 不规则变化:good/well→better;bad/ill→worse;many/much→more;little→less,如:The more you read, the better you understand.(你读得越多,理解得就越好。) 2. 固定搭配“practice doing sth”:意为“练习做某事”,practice是动词,后接动名词,如:She practices playing the piano every day.(她每天练习弹钢琴。);We should practice speaking English as much as possible.(我们应该尽可能多地练习说英语。) 3. 单词master的用法:动词,意为“掌握、精通”,常见搭配:master a foreign language(掌握一门外语);master a skill(掌握一项技能),如:He spent three years mastering English.(他花了三年时间掌握英语。) 15. It is important that we (take) action to protect the environment immediately, because the earth is our only home and we have no other place to live. 答案:(should) take 翻译:我们立即采取行动保护环境是很重要的,因为地球是我们唯一的家园,我们没有其他地方可住。 详细解析:考查虚拟语气(主语从句中的虚拟)。句子中“It is important that...”是固定句型,其中that引导的主语从句需用虚拟语气,结构为“(should) + 动词原形”,should可省略,因此填(take)或should take。此处important是表示“建议、要求、必要性”的形容词,类似的形容词还有necessary, necessary, important, vital, essential等,后接that从句时,从句用虚拟语气。 核心知识点(详细补充): 1. 主语从句中的虚拟语气(重点): - 核心规则:当句型为“It is + 形容词(表示建议、要求、必要性)+ that从句”时,that从句用虚拟语气,即“(should) + 动词原形”,should可省略。 - 常见形容词:important(重要的)、necessary(必要的)、vital(至关重要的)、essential(必不可少的)、advisable(明智的)等,如:It is necessary that we (should) finish the work on time.(我们按时完成工作是必要的。);It is vital that we (should) protect our environment.(我们保护我们的环境是至关重要的。) 2. 固定句型“It is important that...”:it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,避免句子头重脚轻,如:It is important that we learn from our mistakes.(我们从错误中学习是很重要的。) 3. 固定搭配“take action to do sth”:意为“采取行动做某事”,action是不可数名词,如:The government has taken action to improve the environment.(政府已经采取行动改善环境。) 4. 连词because的用法:表原因,引导原因状语从句,说明“采取行动保护环境”的原因,如:He didn’t go to school because he was ill.(他因为生病没去上学。) 第二组 1. Chinese calligraphy, one of the traditional Chinese arts, (have) a history of more than 3,000 years and is still popular today. 答案:has 翻译:中国书法作为中国传统艺术之一,已有3000多年的历史,至今仍然很受欢迎。 详细解析:句子主干为“Chinese calligraphy ... ____ (have) a history of more than 3,000 years and is still popular today”(中国书法……有3000多年的历史,至今仍然很受欢迎)。“one of the traditional Chinese arts”是插入语,用于补充说明“Chinese calligraphy”(中国书法)的身份,不影响句子主干的主谓一致。主语“Chinese calligraphy”是不可数名词,视为单数,且句子描述的是客观事实(书法的历史和现状),用一般现在时,因此谓语动词用has,与后面的is并列,保持时态一致。 核心知识点:主谓一致(不可数名词作主语):Chinese calligraphy是不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;类似不可数名词(如music, art, water)作主语,谓语均用单数,例:Music is my favorite.(音乐是我的最爱)。 one of的用法:one of + 复数名词,意为“……之一”,作插入语或主语时,谓语动词的单复数由前面的核心名词决定(本题中核心名词是calligraphy,不可数,故用单数has);若one of作主语,谓语用单数,例:One of the books is missing.(其中一本书不见了)。 一般现在时的用法:用于描述客观事实、真理或经常性的动作,本题中“书法有3000多年历史”是客观事实,“至今受欢迎”是经常性状态,故用一般现在时。 traditional:形容词,意为“传统的”,修饰名词arts,构成“traditional Chinese arts”(中国传统艺术);名词形式是tradition(传统),例:We should respect tradition.(我们应该尊重传统)。 2. When we practice calligraphy, we should hold the brush in a correct way, can help us write more neatly. 答案:which 翻译:当我们练习书法时,我们应该用正确的方式握笔,这能帮助我们写得更工整。 详细解析:句子主干为“we should hold the brush in a correct way”(我们应该用正确的方式握笔),前半句“When we practice calligraphy”是时间状语从句(when表“当……时”),后半句“____ can help us write more neatly”是非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个主句“we should hold the brush in a correct way”(用正确方式握笔这件事)。非限制性定语从句修饰整个句子时,只能用关系代词which引导,which在从句中作主语,指代前面的整个情况,符合语义(正确握笔这件事能帮助我们写得更工整)。 核心知识点:非限制性定语从句(which引导):which可引导非限制性定语从句,既可以指代前面的名词,也可以指代前面整个主句的内容,从句与主句之间用逗号隔开,不可用that引导;例:He passed the exam, which made his parents very happy.(他通过了考试,这让他的父母很开心——which指代“通过考试”这件事)。 when引导的时间状语从句:从句用一般现在时(practice),主句用情态动词+动词原形(should hold),表“当进行某个动作时,应该做某事”;例:When you cross the road, you should be careful.(当你过马路时,你应该小心)。 neatly:副词,意为“工整地、整洁地”,修饰动词write,作状语;形容词形式是neat(工整的、整洁的),例:neat handwriting(工整的书法)。 in a correct way:固定搭配,意为“用正确的方式”,也可表达为in the correct way或in a right way;way意为“方式、方法”,常用搭配:in ... way(用……方式)。 3. (define) as a kind of visual art, Chinese calligraphy combines the beauty of lines and characters. 答案:Defined 翻译:中国书法被定义为一种视觉艺术,它融合了线条和文字的美感。 详细解析:句子主干为“Chinese calligraphy combines the beauty of lines and characters”(中国书法融合了线条和文字的美感)。前半句“____ (define) as a kind of visual art”是过去分词短语作状语,逻辑主语是主句主语“Chinese calligraphy”(中国书法),书法与define(定义)之间是被动关系(书法被人们定义为视觉艺术),因此用过去分词Defined,首字母大写,相当于“Because it is defined as a kind of visual art”(省略了because和it is)。 核心知识点:过去分词短语作状语(表被动):过去分词(done)作状语,逻辑主语与主句主语一致,且与逻辑主语构成被动关系,常用来表示原因、条件、伴随等;例:Seen from the top of the hill, the city is very beautiful.(从山顶看,这座城市很美——city与see是被动关系)。 be defined as:固定搭配,意为“被定义为……”,define是动词(定义),过去分词是defined;例:This kind of flower is defined as a rare species.(这种花被定义为珍稀物种)。 visual art:固定短语,意为“视觉艺术”,visual是形容词(视觉的),修饰名词art;例:Painting and calligraphy are both visual arts.(绘画和书法都是视觉艺术)。 combine ... and ...:固定搭配,意为“融合……和……”,与combine ... with ...含义相近,可互换;例:She combines work and life well.(她很好地平衡了工作和生活)。 4. Over the past few years, more and more people _ (show) great interest in Chinese calligraphy, especially young people. 答案:have shown 翻译:在过去几年里,越来越多的人对中国书法表现出极大的兴趣,尤其是年轻人。 详细解析:句子主干为“more and more people ____ (show) great interest in Chinese calligraphy”(越来越多的人对中国书法____极大的兴趣)。时间状语“Over the past few years”(在过去几年里)是现在完成时的标志,表从过去到现在的动作变化(人们对书法的兴趣从过去持续到现在),主语“more and more people”(越来越多的人)是复数,因此谓语动词用have + 过去分词,show的过去分词是shown,故填have shown。“especially young people”是插入语,用于强调“年轻人”这一群体。 核心知识点:现在完成时(have shown):结构为have/has + 过去分词,常与over the past few years, since, for等时间状语连用,表从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态;例:I have lived in this city for five years.(我已经在这座城市住了五年了)。 more and more的用法:意为“越来越……”,后接形容词、副词或名词,此处接名词people,表“越来越多的人”;例:more and more beautiful(越来越美)、more and more slowly(越来越慢)。 show interest in sth.:固定搭配,意为“对某事表现出兴趣”,也可表达为take interest in sth.;例:He shows great interest in music.(他对音乐表现出极大的兴趣);interest此处是名词(兴趣),也可作动词(使感兴趣),例:The book interests me.(这本书让我感兴趣)。 especially:副词,意为“尤其、特别”,用于强调后面的内容,修饰名词、形容词或句子;例:I like fruits, especially apples.(我喜欢水果,尤其是苹果)。 5. My father often tells me that practicing calligraphy every day can help me (calm) down and focus on my study. 答案:calm 翻译:我爸爸经常告诉我,每天练习书法能帮助我冷静下来,专注于我的学习。 详细解析:句子主干为“My father often tells me that ...”(我爸爸经常告诉我……),that引导宾语从句,宾语从句的主干为“practicing calligraphy every day can help me ____ (calm) down and focus on my study”(每天练习书法能帮助我____下来,专注于我的学习)。固定搭配help sb. (to) do sth.(帮助某人做某事),to可省略,因此空格处填动词原形calm,“calm down”是固定短语(冷静下来),与后面的“focus on my study”(专注于学习)并列,作help me的宾语补足语。 核心知识点:help的固定搭配:help sb. (to) do sth.,to可省略,意为“帮助某人做某事”;例:She helped me (to) carry the box.(她帮我搬箱子);也可用于help sb. with sth.(帮助某人做某事),例:He helped me with my homework.(他帮我辅导作业)。 calm down:固定短语,意为“冷静下来、平静下来”,可用于祈使句(Calm down! 冷静点!),也可用于help sb. calm down(帮助某人冷静下来);calm可作动词(使冷静)或形容词(冷静的),例:He is a calm man.(他是一个冷静的人)。 focus on sth.:固定搭配,意为“专注于某事”,也可表达为concentrate on sth.;例:You need to focus on your work.(你需要专注于你的工作);focus是动词(专注),名词形式是focus(焦点),例:The focus of his study is Chinese calligraphy.(他的研究重点是中国书法)。 动名词作主语(practicing calligraphy):动名词(doing)作主语,表“做某事”,谓语动词用单数,本题中“practicing calligraphy every day”作宾语从句的主语,谓语动词用can help(情态动词+动词原形)。 6. The calligraphy works created by the famous calligrapher (admire) by people all over the world for their beauty and artistic value. 答案:are admired 翻译:这位著名书法家创作的书法作品,因其美感和艺术价值而受到全世界人民的赞赏。 详细解析:句子主干为“The calligraphy works ____ (admire) by people all over the world for their beauty and artistic value”(这些书法作品因其美感和艺术价值而被全世界人民____)。“created by the famous calligrapher”是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰“The calligraphy works”(书法作品),works与create是被动关系(作品被书法家创作)。主语“The calligraphy works”是复数(works此处意为“作品”,复数形式),且句子描述的是客观事实,用一般现在时的被动语态,结构为am/is/are + 过去分词,admire的过去分词是admired,故填are admired。“for their beauty and artistic value”是介词短语作原因状语,表“因为……”。 核心知识点:一般现在时的被动语态(are admired):结构为am/is/are + 过去分词,表“经常性、习惯性的被动动作”或客观事实;被动语态的基本结构:主语 + be + done + by + 动作的执行者(本题中by people all over the world);例:The Great Wall is visited by millions of people every year.(长城每年被数百万人参观)。 过去分词作后置定语(created):修饰名词works,表被动、完成的动作,相当于定语从句“which were created by the famous calligrapher”;例:The letters written by my mother are very precious.(我妈妈写的信非常珍贵)。 calligrapher:名词,意为“书法家”,由calligraphy(书法)+ er(表示“人”的后缀)构成;类似词汇:teacher(老师)、writer(作家)、worker(工人)。 for表原因:介词for用于表示原因,后接名词或名词短语,常置于句末;例:He was late for school for the heavy rain.(他因为大雨上学迟到了);区别于because(连词,后接句子)。 artistic value:固定短语,意为“艺术价值”,artistic是形容词(艺术的),修饰名词value(价值);例:This painting has great artistic value.(这幅画有很高的艺术价值)。 7. We should learn from the ancient calligraphers, works show the wisdom and spirit of the Chinese nation. 答案:whose 翻译:我们应该向古代书法家学习,他们的作品展现了中华民族的智慧和精神。 详细解析:句子主干为“We should learn from the ancient calligraphers”(我们应该向古代书法家学习),后半句“____ works show the wisdom and spirit of the Chinese nation”是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“the ancient calligraphers”(古代书法家)。先行词是人,且从句中缺少定语(“书法家的”作品),因此用关系代词whose引导定语从句,whose意为“……的”,在从句中作定语,修饰works,即“the ancient calligraphers’ works”(古代书法家的作品),符合语义。 核心知识点:定语从句关系代词whose的用法:whose可引导定语从句,先行词是人或物,在从句中作定语,意为“……的”;例:The girl whose mother is a teacher is my classmate.(那个妈妈是老师的女孩是我的同学——先行词人,whose修饰mother);The house whose window is broken is empty.(那扇窗户破了的房子是空的——先行词物,whose修饰window)。 learn from sb.:固定搭配,意为“向某人学习”;例:We should learn from the hard-working students.(我们应该向勤奋的学生学习);learn sth. from sb.(向某人学习某事),例:I learned a lot from my teacher.(我从我的老师那里学到了很多)。 wisdom:名词,意为“智慧”,不可数名词;形容词形式是wise(明智的),例:a wise man(一个明智的人);例:The book is full of wisdom.(这本书充满了智慧)。 the Chinese nation:固定短语,意为“中华民族”;nation是名词(国家、民族),形容词形式是national(国家的、民族的),例:national culture(民族文化)。 8. If you want to write good calligraphy, you need to practice more, will make your writing more beautiful. 答案:which 翻译:如果你想写一手好书法,你需要多练习,这会让你的书写更漂亮。 详细解析:句子主干为“you need to practice more”(你需要多练习),前半句“If you want to write good calligraphy”是条件状语从句(if表“如果”),后半句“____ will make your writing more beautiful”是非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个主句“you need to practice more”(多练习这件事)。与第2题用法一致,非限制性定语从句修饰整个句子时,用关系代词which引导,which在从句中作主语,指代“多练习”这件事,表“多练习会让书写更漂亮”,符合逻辑。 核心知识点:非限制性定语从句(which指代整个主句):which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个主句的内容,从句与主句之间用逗号隔开,不可用that;例:She studies hard, which helps her get good grades.(她学习努力,这帮助她取得了好成绩)。 if引导的条件状语从句:遵循“主将从现”原则,即从句用一般现在时(want),主句用情态动词+动词原形(need to practice);例:If you study hard, you can pass the exam.(如果你努力学习,你就能通过考试)。 need to do sth.:固定搭配,意为“需要做某事”,need此处是实义动词;也可作情态动词,后接动词原形,例:You needn’t worry.(你不必担心);注意:need作实义动词时,否定形式是don’t need to do,作情态动词时,否定形式是needn’t do。 比较级(more beautiful):beautiful是多音节形容词,比较级形式是more beautiful(更漂亮的),最高级是most beautiful(最漂亮的);例:This dress is more beautiful than that one.(这条裙子比那条更漂亮)。 9. It is important for us (learn) Chinese calligraphy, because it is a precious part of Chinese culture. 答案:to learn 翻译:对我们来说,学习中国书法很重要,因为它是中国文化的珍贵组成部分。 详细解析:句子主干为“It is important for us ____ (learn) Chinese calligraphy”(对我们来说,____中国书法很重要),后半句“because it is a precious part of Chinese culture”是原因状语从句(because表“因为”)。固定句型“It is + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth.”,意为“对某人来说,做某事是……的”,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语“to learn Chinese calligraphy”,避免句子头重脚轻,因此空格处填to learn。 核心知识点:固定句型“It is + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth.”:it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式to do sth.;常用形容词有important, necessary, difficult, easy等;例:It is necessary for us to exercise every day.(对我们来说,每天锻炼是必要的)。 precious:形容词,意为“珍贵的、宝贵的”,修饰名词part,构成“a precious part”(珍贵的组成部分);例:precious time(宝贵的时间)、precious memories(珍贵的回忆)。 a part of ...:固定搭配,意为“……的一部分”,也可表达为part of ...;例:Taiwan is a part of China.(台湾是中国的一部分);若指“重要部分”,可加形容词important,即an important part of ...。 because引导的原因状语从句:because表“因为”,引导原因状语从句,回答why的提问;例:Why do you learn calligraphy? Because it is important.(你为什么学习书法?因为它很重要)。 10. After I _ (attend) the calligraphy class for a month, I found that my handwriting became much better. 答案:had attended 翻译:在我参加书法班一个月后,我发现我的书法变得好多了。 详细解析:句子主干为“I found that my handwriting became much better”(我发现我的书法变得好多了),前半句“After I ____ (attend) the calligraphy class for a month”是时间状语从句(after表“在……之后”)。主句动作“found”是一般过去时,从句动作“attend the calligraphy class”(参加书法班)发生在主句动作“found”之前(即“过去的过去”),因此用过去完成时,结构为had + 过去分词,attend的过去分词是attended,故填had attended。 核心知识点:过去完成时(had attended):结构为had + 过去分词,表“过去的过去”发生的动作,即动作发生在另一个过去动作之前;常与after, before, by the time等时间状语连用;例:After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.(他做完作业后,就去睡觉了——finish发生在go之前)。 after引导的时间状语从句:当从句动作发生在主句动作之前,从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时;若从句动作与主句动作同时发生,两者均用一般过去时;例:After he arrived, we started the meeting.(他到达后,我们开始了会议——arrive与start同时发生,均用一般过去时)。 attend:动词,意为“参加、出席”,后接名词(class, meeting, party等),例:attend a meeting(参加会议)、attend school(上学);区别于join(加入组织、团体),例:join the army(参军)。 much better:much可修饰比较级,表“……得多”,此处“much better”(好得多);类似用法:much faster(快得多)、much more important(重要得多);例:He runs much faster than me.(他跑得比我快得多)。 11. The more we practice calligraphy, the _ (good) our handwriting will be. 答案:better 翻译:我们练习书法越多,我们的书法就会越好。 详细解析:句子采用“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”的固定句型,意为“越……,就越……”。前半句“The more we practice calligraphy”中,more是many/much的比较级,表“更多地”;后半句“the ____ (good) our handwriting will be”中,空格处需填good的比较级,good的比较级是better,符合句型要求,表“越好”,即“练习越多,书法越好”,符合逻辑。 核心知识点:“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”句型:表“越……,就越……”,前半句是条件,后半句是结果;前半句用一般现在时,后半句用一般将来时;例:The harder you work, the more progress you will make.(你工作越努力,取得的进步就越大);The earlier you get up, the more time you will have.(你起得越早,拥有的时间就越多)。 形容词比较级(good → better):good(好的)是不规则变化的形容词,比较级是better,最高级是best;类似不规则变化:bad(坏的)→ worse → worst;many/much(多的)→ more → most。 practice的用法:此处practice是动词(练习),固定搭配practice doing sth.(练习做某事),例:She practices writing calligraphy every day.(她每天练习写书法);也可作名词(练习),例:daily practice(日常练习)。 will be的用法:后半句用一般将来时,表“将会变得……”,be动词后接形容词better,构成“will be better”(将会更好);例:I will be taller next year.(明年我将会更高)。 12. Many parents encourage their children (learn) Chinese calligraphy to inherit the traditional culture. 答案:to learn 翻译:许多父母鼓励他们的孩子学习中国书法,以传承传统文化。 详细解析:句子主干为“Many parents encourage their children ____ (learn) Chinese calligraphy”(许多父母鼓励他们的孩子____中国书法),后半句“to inherit the traditional culture”是不定式短语作目的状语,表“鼓励孩子学习书法的目的是传承传统文化”。固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.(鼓励某人做某事),因此空格处填不定式to learn,符合语法要求,表“鼓励孩子学习书法”。 核心知识点:encourage的固定搭配:encourage sb. to do sth.,意为“鼓励某人做某事”;encourage是动词(鼓励),名词形式是encouragement(鼓励),例:She gave me a lot of encouragement.(她给了我很多鼓励);例:The teacher encouraged us to try our best.(老师鼓励我们尽最大努力)。 不定式作目的状语:不定式(to do)作目的状语,表“做某事的目的是……”,常置于句末;例:He went to the library to read books.(他去图书馆看书——目的是看书);本题中“to inherit the traditional culture”表“鼓励孩子学习书法”的目的。 inherit:动词,意为“传承、继承”,固定搭配inherit sth.(传承/继承某物),例:We should inherit the traditional culture.(我们应该传承传统文化);名词形式是inheritance(传承、遗产),例:the inheritance of culture(文化的传承)。 traditional culture:固定短语,意为“传统文化”,traditional是形容词(传统的),修饰名词culture(文化);例:We should protect our traditional culture.(我们应该保护我们的传统文化)。 13. His handwriting was flowing and (grace), and I couldn't wait to write on the paper well under a small paperweight. 答案:graceful; positioned 翻译:他的书法流畅而优雅,我迫不及待地想在那张被小镇纸压得很平整的纸上写字。 详细解析:第一空:句子主干为“His handwriting was flowing and ____ (grace)”(他的书法流畅而____),and连接两个并列的形容词,作表语,flowing是形容词(流畅的),因此空格处也需填形容词。grace是名词(优雅、恩惠),其形容词形式是graceful(优雅的),符合语义(书法流畅且优雅)。 第二空:“the paper well ____ (position) under a small paperweight”中,paper(纸)与position(放置、使处于某种位置)之间是被动关系(纸被放置在镇纸下面),因此用过去分词positioned作后置定语,修饰paper,表被动,“well positioned”即“被放置得很平整、被妥善放置”。 核心知识点:名词变形容词的后缀(-ful): 规则:部分名词后加-ful,构成形容词,表“充满……的、具有……性质的”。 例:grace(n. 优雅)→ graceful(adj. 优雅的);beauty(n. 美丽)→ beautiful(adj. 美丽的);care(n. 小心)→ careful(adj. 小心的);help(n. 帮助)→ helpful(adj. 有帮助的)。 易错点:forget(v. 忘记)→ forgetful(adj. 健忘的),不是名词变形容词,但后缀相同;注意区分-ful与-less(表“没有……的”),如careful(小心的)→ careless(粗心的)。 过去分词作后置定语: 结构:名词 + 过去分词,过去分词作后置定语,修饰前面的名词,表被动、完成的动作,相当于定语从句(which is/was + done)。 本题中“the paper well positioned”相当于“the paper which was well positioned”(被妥善放置的纸),paper与position是被动关系,故用过去分词positioned。 例句:The book written by Lu Xun is very popular.(鲁迅写的那本书很受欢迎——written修饰book,被动关系);The broken window has been repaired.(被打破的窗户已经修好了——broken修饰window,被动关系)。 couldn't wait to do sth.:固定搭配,意为“迫不及待地做某事”,例:I couldn’t wait to see my parents after a long time.(长时间后,我迫不及待地想见我的父母)。 paperweight:名词,意为“镇纸、纸镇”,由paper(纸)+ weight(重量)构成,类似合成词:bookstore(书店)、toothbrush(牙刷)、newspaper(报纸)。 well的用法:此处well是副词,修饰过去分词positioned,意为“妥善地、好地”,表程度;well作副词时,还可表示“身体好”,例:He is feeling well today.(他今天感觉身体好);作形容词时,仅表示“身体好”,例:I’m well, thank you.(我很好,谢谢)。 14. After practicing for hours, I finally managed to hold the brush correctly, but my hand kept (shake), making it hard to write a single neat character. 答案:shaking 翻译:练习了几个小时后,我终于学会了正确握笔,但我的手一直发抖,很难写出一个工整的字。 详细解析:句子主干为“I finally managed to hold the brush correctly, but my hand kept ____ (shake)”(我终于学会了正确握笔,但我的手一直____),前后是转折关系。后半句中,固定搭配keep doing sth.(一直做某事、持续做某事),表示动作持续进行,因此此处填动名词shaking,“kept shaking”即“一直发抖”,符合语义(练习握笔后,手持续处于发抖的状态)。后半句“making it hard to write a single neat character”是现在分词短语作结果状语,逻辑主语是“my hand kept shaking”这一情况,表“手发抖”带来的结果。 核心知识点:keep的固定搭配: keep doing sth.:持续做某事、一直做某事,强调动作的持续性,例:She kept crying all night.(她哭了一整晚);He keeps practicing speaking English every day.(他每天坚持练习说英语)。 keep sb./sth. doing sth.:让某人/某物一直做某事,例:The teacher kept the students reading aloud.(老师让学生们一直大声朗读)。 keep sb./sth. + 形容词:让某人/某物保持某种状态,例:Keep the room clean.(保持房间干净)。 易错点:不能说keep to do sth.,固定搭配只有keep doing sth. 和keep sb./sth. doing sth.。 manage to do sth.:固定搭配,意为“设法做到某事、成功做到某事”,强调经过努力最终达成目标,例:He managed to finish the task on time.(他设法按时完成了任务);区别于try to do sth.(努力做某事,但不一定成功),例:He tried to finish the task, but he failed.(他努力完成任务,但失败了)。 现在分词短语作结果状语(making):此处making表“自然而然的结果”,即“手一直发抖”导致“很难写出工整的字”,与第8题的allowing用法一致,doing表主句动作带来的自然结果。 it作形式宾语:“making it hard to write a single neat character”中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语“to write a single neat character”,hard是宾语补足语,结构为“make it + 形容词 + to do sth.”(使做某事变得……),例:She makes it easy to learn English.(她让学英语变得容易)。 neat:形容词,意为“工整的、整洁的”,例:neat handwriting(工整的书法);neat room(整洁的房间);副词形式neatly(工整地、整洁地),例:She writes neatly.(她写字很工整)。 15. Chinese calligraphy is not just a form of writing; it is also an art form requires patience, concentration and a deep understanding of Chinese culture. 答案:that/which 翻译:中国书法不仅仅是一种书写形式;它也是一种需要耐心、专注力和对中国文化深刻理解的艺术形式。 详细解析:句子由分号连接两个并列分句,第二个分句主干为“it is also an art form”(它也是一种艺术形式),后半句“____ requires patience, concentration and a deep understanding of Chinese culture”是定语从句,修饰先行词“an art form”(一种艺术形式)。先行词是表示事物的名词,且定语从句中缺少主语(“艺术形式”需要耐心等),因此用关系代词that或which引导定语从句,that/which在从句中作主语,指代先行词an art form。 核心知识点:定语从句关系代词that/which的用法: 先行词:表示“事物”的名词或代词(如art form, book, city等)。 从句成分:定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语,此时用that/which引导,在从句中作相应成分(本题中缺少主语,故that/which作主语)。 区别与易错点: that和which均可指代事物,多数情况下可互换;但先行词被the only, the very, all, any等词修饰时,只能用that,不能用which,例:This is the only book that I need.(这是我唯一需要的书)。 若定语从句中缺宾语,that/which可省略,例:This is the book (that/which) I bought yesterday.(这是我昨天买的书);但本题中缺主语,that/which不能省略。 例句:The film that/which we watched last night is very interesting.(我们昨晚看的那部电影很有趣——that/which作宾语,可省略);The building that/which stands by the river is a hospital.(河边的那栋建筑是一家医院——that/which作主语,不能省略)。 分号的用法:分号(;)用于连接两个并列的、语义相关的独立分句,两个分句均有完整的主谓宾结构,无需连词,例:He likes reading; she likes writing.(他喜欢阅读;她喜欢写作);本题中分号连接两个分句,分别说明书法的“书写形式”和“艺术形式”两个属性。 require的用法: vt. 需要、要求,常见搭配:require sth.(需要某物),本题中“requires patience...”(需要耐心……);require sb. to do sth.(要求某人做某事),例:The teacher requires us to finish homework on time.(老师要求我们按时完成作业)。 require + that从句(从句用虚拟语气,should + 动词原形,should可省略),例:The rules require that everyone (should) follow them.(规则要求每个人都遵守它们)。 concentration:名词,意为“专注力、注意力”,形容词形式是concentrated(专注的),动词形式是concentrate(专注于),固定搭配concentrate on sth.(专注于某事),例:You need to concentrate on your study.(你需要专注于你的学习)。 16. It not only reflects the traditions, but also is considered educational aspect of the language, considering that Chinese characters are part of the Mandarin language. 答案:an 翻译:它不仅体现了传统,而且被认为是语言教育方面的一个组成部分,因为汉字是普通话的一部分。 详细解析:句子主干为“It not only reflects the traditions, but also is considered ____ educational aspect of the language”(它不仅体现了传统,而且被认为是语言的____教育方面),“not only...but also...”(不仅……而且……)连接两个并列的谓语动词(reflects和is considered)。空格后是名词短语“educational aspect”(教育方面),aspect是可数名词单数,且educational是以元音音素/ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənl/开头,因此用不定冠词an修饰,表“一个教育方面”,符合语义(书法是语言教育方面的一个组成部分)。后半句“considering that ...”是介词短语作状语,表原因,与第6题的considering用法一致。 核心知识点:不定冠词a/an的用法: 基本用法:修饰可数名词单数,表“一个、一种”,泛指某类事物中的一个。 区别:a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于以元音音素开头的单词前(注意:是“元音音素”,不是“元音字母”)。 本题中:educational是以元音音素/ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənl/开头,因此用an;类似例子:an apple(一个苹果)、an hour(一个小时,hour以辅音字母h开头,但h不发音,以元音音素/aʊ/开头);a book(一本书)、a university(一所大学,university以元音字母u开头,但发音以辅音音素/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/开头)。 易错点:可数名词单数前不能单独使用,必须加冠词(a/an/the)或其他限定词(my, this等),例:a pen(正确)、pen(错误)。 not only...but also...的用法: 含义:不仅……而且……,连接两个并列的成分(谓语、主语、宾语、表语等),本题中连接两个并列的谓语动词(reflects和is considered)。 主谓一致:连接两个主语时,谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近原则”,即与靠近谓语的主语保持一致,例:Not only he but also I am a student.(不仅他,我也是一名学生——靠近谓语的主语是I,用am)。 倒装:当not only置于句首时,第一个分句需用部分倒装,例:Not only does he like reading, but also he likes writing.(他不仅喜欢阅读,还喜欢写作);本题中not only未置于句首,故无需倒装。 be considered + 名词/形容词:固定搭配,意为“被认为是……”,例:He is considered a good teacher.(他被认为是一位好老师);The film is considered interesting.(这部电影被认为很有趣);本题中“is considered an educational aspect”(被认为是一个教育方面)。 aspect:名词,意为“方面、层面”,可数名词,常用搭配:aspect of sth.(某事的方面),例:different aspects of life(生活的不同方面);复数形式aspects,例:We need to consider all aspects of the problem.(我们需要考虑这个问题的所有方面)。 Mandarin:名词,意为“普通话、官话”,固定搭配:Mandarin Chinese(普通话),例:She speaks fluent Mandarin.(她说一口流利的普通话)。 举一反三题目(15道,长难句为主,含答案、翻译、解析、核心知识点) 1. Having spent two years studying Chinese culture, she was able to understand the deep meaning behind the ancient calligraphy works in the museum. 答案:displayed 翻译:花了两年时间研究中国文化后,她能够理解博物馆里展出的古代书法作品背后的深层含义。 详细解析:句子主干为“she was able to understand the deep meaning behind the ancient calligraphy works”(她能够理解古代书法作品背后的深层含义)。前半句“Having spent two years studying Chinese culture”是现在分词完成式短语作时间状语,逻辑主语是主句主语“she”,“spend”这一动作发生在主句动作“was able to understand”之前,且与she构成主动关系,故用having done结构;后半句“displayed in the museum”是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰“ancient calligraphy works”,works与display是被动关系(作品被展出),故用displayed。 核心知识点:现在分词完成式(Having spent)作时间状语:结构为having done + 其他成分,表“在……之后”,动作发生在主句动作之前,逻辑主语与主句主语一致,主动关系;例:Having finished my homework, I went out to play.(做完作业后,我出去玩了)。 spend的固定搭配:spend + 时间/金钱 + (in) doing sth.(花费时间/金钱做某事),in可省略,本题中“spent two years (in) studying Chinese culture”(花两年时间研究中国文化);另外还有spend + 时间/金钱 + on sth.,例:She spends an hour on English every day.(她每天花一个小时学英语)。 过去分词作后置定语(displayed):修饰名词works,表被动、完成,相当于定语从句“which were displayed in the museum”,具体用法可参考第13题知识点。 be able to do sth.:固定搭配,意为“能够做某事”,与can用法相近,但be able to可用于各种时态,can只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时,例:He will be able to finish the work tomorrow.(他明天能完成这项工作——不能用can will)。 2. The small town we spent our summer vacation last year has become a popular tourist attraction with its beautiful scenery and unique culture. 答案:where 翻译:我们去年暑假度过的那个小镇,凭借其美丽的风景和独特的文化,已经成为了一个受欢迎的旅游景点。 详细解析:句子主干为“The small town has become a popular tourist attraction with its beautiful scenery and unique culture”(这个小镇凭借其美丽的风景和独特的文化,已经成为了一个受欢迎的旅游景点)。中间“____ we spent our summer vacation last year”是定语从句,修饰先行词“The small town”(小镇),先行词是表示地点的名词,且定语从句中不缺主语、宾语,缺少地点状语(“在这个小镇上”我们度过暑假),因此用关系副词where引导定语从句,where在从句中作地点状语,相当于“in which”。 核心知识点:定语从句关系副词where的用法:与第2题知识点一致,先行词是地点名词,从句缺地点状语,用where引导,where = in/on/at + which;易错点区分:若从句缺宾语,用that/which,例:The town (that/which) we visited last year is very beautiful.(我们去年参观的那个小镇很漂亮——visited缺宾语)。 spend的用法补充:spend + 时间 + in + 地点(在某地度过时间),本题中“spent our summer vacation in the small town”,where相当于in the small town,故从句中无需再加in。 with的用法:此处with是介词,意为“凭借、用”,后接名词短语“its beautiful scenery and unique culture”,作方式状语,表“凭借……成为旅游景点”;例:He succeeded with his hard work.(他凭借努力工作取得了成功)。 现在完成时(has become):表从过去到现在的动作影响,“小镇成为旅游景点”是从过去(去年)到现在的变化,故用现在完成时;become的过去分词是become,例:She has become a doctor.(她已经成为了一名医生)。 3. (inspire) by the stories of the ancient calligraphers, many young people have started to learn Chinese calligraphy, hoping to pass on the traditional art form to the next generation. 答案:Inspired 翻译:受到古代书法家故事的启发,许多年轻人开始学习中国书法,希望将这种传统艺术形式传承给下一代。 详细解析:句子主干为“many young people have started to learn Chinese calligraphy”(许多年轻人开始学习中国书法)。前半句“____ (inspire) by the stories of the ancient calligraphers”是过去分词短语作状语,逻辑主语是主句主语“many young people”,年轻人与inspire(启发)之间是被动关系(年轻人被故事启发),因此用过去分词Inspired,首字母大写;后半句“hoping to pass on ... to the next generation”是现在分词短语作伴随状语,逻辑主语是many young people,主动关系,表“学习书法的同时,希望传承艺术”。 核心知识点:过去分词短语作状语(Inspired):与第3题“Defined as...”用法一致,是“be inspired by”(被……启发)的省略形式,省略be动词,用过去分词体现被动关系;类似结构:Encouraged by his teacher, he worked harder.(受到老师的鼓励,他更加努力了)。 inspire的词性拓展: vt. 启发、鼓舞,常见搭配:inspire sb.(鼓舞某人)、inspire sb. to do sth.(启发某人做某事),例:His words inspired me to keep going.(他的话启发我继续前进)。 形容词形式:inspired(受启发的、有灵感的)、inspiring(鼓舞人心的),例:an inspired idea(一个有灵感的想法)、an inspiring speech(一场鼓舞人心的演讲)。 名词形式:inspiration(灵感、鼓舞),例:She got inspiration from nature.(她从自然中获得灵感)。 现在分词短语作伴随状语(hoping):结构为doing + 其他成分,表主句动作发生时伴随的动作或状态,逻辑主语与主句主语一致,主动关系;例:He walked along the street, singing a song.(他沿着街道走,唱着歌)。 pass on ... to ...:固定搭配,意为“将……传承给……、将……传递给……”,例:We should pass on the traditional culture to our children.(我们应该将传统文化传承给我们的孩子)。 4. Over the past decade, the number of people learning Chinese calligraphy (increase) sharply, with more and more schools offering calligraphy courses to students of all ages. 答案:has increased 翻译:在过去十年里,学习中国书法的人数急剧增加,越来越多的学校向各个年龄段的学生开设书法课程。 详细解析:句子主干为“the number of people learning Chinese calligraphy ____ (increase) sharply”(学习中国书法的人数急剧____)。时间状语“Over the past decade”(在过去十年里)是现在完成时的标志,主语“the number of people”(……的人数)是单数(the number of + 复数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数),因此谓语动词用has + 过去分词,increase的过去分词是increased,故填has increased。后半句“with more and more schools offering ...”是with复合结构,schools与offering是主动关系,用现在分词offering作宾语补足语,表伴随。 核心知识点:the number of与a number of的区别: the number of + 复数名词:意为“……的人数/数量”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数,例:The number of students in our class is 50.(我们班的学生人数是50人)。 a number of + 复数名词:意为“许多、大量”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数,例:A number of students are reading in the library.(许多学生在图书馆看书)。 本题中主语是the number of people,故谓语动词用单数has increased。 现在完成时(has increased):标志词over the past decade与第4题的over the past few years用法一致,均用于现在完成时,表从过去到现在的动作变化;increase的过去分词是increased,例:The population has increased rapidly in recent years.(近年来人口增长迅速)。 with复合结构(with + 宾语 + doing):与第4题知识点一致,宾语schools与补足语offering是主动关系,用现在分词作宾语补足语,表“随着越来越多的学校开设课程”;例:With the sun rising, we started our journey.(随着太阳升起,我们开始了旅程)。 offering的用法:offering此处是现在分词,作宾语补足语;offering也可作名词,意为“提供、课程”,例:the offering of courses(课程的开设);动词offer的固定搭配:offer sth. to sb.(向某人提供某物),例:The school offers calligraphy courses to students.(学校向学生提供书法课程)。 5. My teacher, who is an expert in Chinese calligraphy, often tells us that (patient) is the key to mastering this traditional art form. 答案:patience 翻译:我的老师是中国书法方面的专家,他经常告诉我们,耐心是掌握这种传统艺术形式的关键。 详细解析:句子主干为“My teacher ... often tells us that ...”(我的老师经常告诉我们……),“who is an expert in Chinese calligraphy”是定语从句,修饰先行词“My teacher”;that引导宾语从句,宾语从句的主干为“____ (patient) is the key to mastering this traditional art form”,空格处作宾语从句的主语,需用名词,patient是形容词(耐心的),其名词形式是patience(耐心),不可数名词,符合语义(耐心是关键)。 核心知识点:形容词变名词(patient → patience):部分形容词变名词时,需去掉后缀或改变拼写,例:patient(adj. 耐心的)→ patience(n. 耐心);important(adj. 重要的)→ importance(n. 重要性);different(adj. 不同的)→ difference(n. 差异)。 定语从句(who引导):who引导定语从句,先行词是人(My teacher),who在从句中作主语,不可省略;例:The man who is standing there is my father.(站在那里的那个男人是我的父亲)。 the key to ...:固定搭配,意为“……的关键”,to是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词,本题中“the key to mastering this traditional art form”(掌握这种传统艺术形式的关键);例:The key to success is hard work.(成功的关键是努力工作)。 master:vt. 掌握、精通,例:She mastered English in three years.(她用三年时间掌握了英语);名词形式master(大师、主人),例:a calligraphy master(书法大师)。 6. Before I started learning calligraphy, I didn’t know that the brush and ink (use) for thousands of years to create beautiful works of art in Chinese history. 答案:had been used 翻译:在我开始学习书法之前,我不知道笔墨在中国历史上已经被使用了数千年,用来创作美丽的艺术作品。 详细解析:句子主干为“I didn’t know that ...”(我不知道……),that引导宾语从句;主句动作“didn’t know”是一般过去时,宾语从句中“笔墨被使用”这一动作发生在“我不知道”之前(即“过去的过去”),因此用过去完成时;又因为“brush and ink”(笔墨)与“use”(使用)之间是被动关系(笔墨被人们使用),因此用过去完成时的被动语态,结构为had been + done,use的过去分词是used,故填had been used。“for thousands of years”是现在完成时或过去完成时的标志,此处结合时态,用过去完成时。 核心知识点:过去完成时的被动语态(had been used):与第6题知识点一致,表“过去的过去”发生的被动动作,结构为had been + 过去分词;例:By the time he arrived, the work had been finished.(他到达时,工作已经被完成了)。 before引导的时间状语从句:从句用一般过去时(started),主句用一般过去时(didn’t know),宾语从句动作发生在主句动作之前,用过去完成时;例:Before I came here, I had lived in Beijing for 10 years.(在我来这里之前,我已经在北京住了10年了)。 be used for doing sth.:固定搭配,意为“被用来做某事”,例:Wood is used for making furniture.(木头被用来做家具);区别于be used to do sth.(被用来做某事,与be used for doing sth.可互换)、be used to doing sth.(习惯于做某事)。 for thousands of years:表示“数千年”,常与完成时连用,例:He has lived here for thousands of years.(他已经在这里住了数千年了——现在完成时);本题中用过去完成时,因为动作发生在过去的过去。 7. The ancient calligraphy works, (date) back to the Tang Dynasty, are well preserved in the national museum and attract thousands of visitors every year. 答案:dating 翻译:这些可追溯到唐朝的古代书法作品,被妥善保存在国家博物馆,每年吸引成千上万的游客。 详细解析:句子主干为“The ancient calligraphy works ... are well preserved in the national museum and attract thousands of visitors every year”(这些古代书法作品被妥善保存在国家博物馆,每年吸引成千上万的游客)。中间“____ (date) back to the Tang Dynasty”是现在分词短语作定语,修饰“The ancient calligraphy works”,works与date back to(追溯到)之间是主动关系(作品追溯到某个年代,是主动的逻辑关系,无被动),因此用现在分词dating,相当于定语从句“which date back to the Tang Dynasty”。 核心知识点:现在分词短语作定语(dating):修饰名词works,表主动、持续的状态,此处date back to是不及物动词短语,无被动形式,因此只能用现在分词作定语;例:The building dating back to the Qing Dynasty is very famous.(这座可追溯到清朝的建筑非常有名)。 date back to的用法:固定短语,意为“追溯到……”,常用于一般现在时,主语多为物(如works, building, culture等),无被动语态,例:This tradition dates back to hundreds of years ago.(这个传统可追溯到几百年前)。 一般现在时的被动语态(are well preserved):结构为am/is/are + 过去分词,表“经常性、习惯性的被动动作”,本题中“书法作品被妥善保存”是经常性的状态,故用一般现在时的被动语态;preserve vt. 保存、保护,过去分词是preserved,例:The cultural relics are well preserved.(这些文物被妥善保存)。 attract:vt. 吸引,固定搭配:attract sb./sth.(吸引某人/某物),例:The beautiful scenery attracts many visitors.(美丽的风景吸引了许多游客);名词形式attraction(吸引力、景点),例:a tourist attraction(旅游景点)。 8. Although learning Chinese calligraphy is challenging, it brings a lot of joy to those who stick to (practice) it every day. 答案:practicing 翻译:虽然学习中国书法很有挑战性,但它给那些坚持每天练习它的人带来了很多乐趣。 详细解析:句子主干为“it brings a lot of joy to those who stick to ____ (practice) it every day”(它给那些坚持每天____它的人带来了很多乐趣),前半句“Although learning Chinese calligraphy is challenging”是让步状语从句(although表“虽然”)。固定搭配stick to doing sth.(坚持做某事),to是介词,后接动名词,practice是动词(练习),动名词形式是practicing,因此填practicing。“who stick to practicing it every day”是定语从句,修饰先行词those(那些人),who在从句中作主语。 核心知识点:stick to的固定搭配:stick to + 名词/代词/动名词,意为“坚持……、坚守……”,to是介词,不能接不定式,例:He sticks to his dream.(他坚守自己的梦想);She sticks to reading English every morning.(她坚持每天早上读英语);本题中stick to practicing it(坚持练习它)。 although引导的让步状语从句:although表“虽然、尽管”,引导让步状语从句,不能与but连用(但可与yet连用),例:Although he is tired, he still keeps working.(虽然他很累,但他仍然继续工作——不能说Although he is tired, but he still keeps working)。 动名词作主语(learning Chinese calligraphy):动名词(doing)作主语,表“做某事”,谓语动词用单数,本题中“learning Chinese calligraphy is challenging”(学习中国书法很有挑战性);例:Reading is good for us.(阅读对我们有好处)。 challenging:形容词,意为“有挑战性的”,例:This task is challenging.(这项任务很有挑战性);动词形式challenge(挑战),例:He challenged me to a game.(他向我挑战一场比赛)。 9. (obvious), the way we hold the brush has a great influence on the quality of our calligraphy works. 答案:Obviously 翻译:显然,我们握笔的方式对我们书法作品的质量有很大的影响。 详细解析:句子主干为“the way we hold the brush has a great influence on the quality of our calligraphy works”(我们握笔的方式对我们书法作品的质量有很大的影响)。空格处位于句首,后面有逗号,需要一个副词来修饰整个句子,表“显然、明显地”,obvious是形容词(明显的),其副词形式是obviously,置于句首,首字母大写,符合语法和语义,用于强调“握笔方式的重要性”。“we hold the brush”是定语从句,修饰先行词the way,省略了关系词that/in which(the way作先行词,定语从句中缺方式状语时,可省略that/in which)。 核心知识点:形容词变副词(obvious → obviously):与第10题知识点一致,大部分形容词后加-ly构成副词,表“……地”,修饰整个句子;例:clear(adj. 清晰的)→ clearly(adv. 清晰地);slow(adj. 慢的)→ slowly(adv. 慢地)。 副词作状语修饰整个句子:obviously是评注性副词,置于句首,修饰整个句子,表“显然、明显地”,类似副词还有clearly(显然)、fortunately(幸运地)、unfortunately(不幸地);例:Clearly, he is wrong.(显然,他是错的)。 the way作先行词的定语从句:the way(方式、方法)作先行词时,定语从句可省略关系词that/in which,也可用that/in which引导,例:The way (that/in which) he speaks is very polite.(他说话的方式很有礼貌);本题中“the way we hold the brush”即“the way that/in which we hold the brush”(我们握笔的方式)。 have an influence on ...:固定搭配,意为“对……有影响”,可替换为have an effect on ...,例:His words have a great influence on me.(他的话对我有很大的影响);influence此处是名词,也可作动词,例:He influenced me a lot.(他对我影响很大)。 10. When I first tried to write Chinese characters, my hands were so shaky that I (force) to stop and take a deep breath to calm down. 答案:was forced 翻译:当我第一次尝试写汉字时,我的手抖得厉害,以至于我被迫停下来深呼吸冷静一下。 详细解析:句子主干为“my hands were so shaky that I ____ (force) to stop and take a deep breath to calm down”(我的手抖得厉害,以至于我____停下来深呼吸冷静一下),前半句“When I first tried to write Chinese characters”是时间状语从句(when表“当……时”)。“so ... that ...”(如此……以至于……)引导结果状语从句,从句中主语“I”与谓语动词“force”(强迫)之间是被动关系(我被自己的手抖强迫停下来,即“被迫”),因此用被动语态;且动作发生在过去(tried是一般过去时),因此用一般过去时的被动语态,结构为was/were + done,主语I是单数,force的过去分词是forced,故填was forced。 核心知识点:一般过去时的被动语态(was forced):与第11题知识点一致,表过去某个时间发生的被动动作,结构为was/were + 过去分词;force的被动搭配:be forced to do sth.(被迫做某事),例:He was forced to leave the company.(他被迫离开公司)。 so ... that ...引导的结果状语从句:so + 形容词/副词 + that ...,表“如此……以至于……”,从句用陈述句语序,例:He is so tall that he can reach the top of the shelf.(他个子这么高,以至于能碰到架子顶部);本题中“so shaky that ...”(抖得如此厉害,以至于……)。 when引导的时间状语从句:从句用一般过去时(tried),主句也用一般过去时(were, was forced),表过去某个时间发生的动作;例:When I was young, I liked playing football.(我小时候喜欢踢足球)。 take a deep breath:固定搭配,意为“深呼吸”,例:She took a deep breath before speaking.(她说话前深呼吸了一下);calm down:固定搭配,意为“冷静下来”,例:Please calm down, there’s nothing to worry about.(请冷静下来,没什么可担心的)。 11. The calligraphy competition, which was held in our school last month, gave us a good chance to show our (create) and improve our calligraphy skills. 答案:creativity 翻译:上个月在我们学校举办的书法比赛,给了我们一个展示创造力和提高书法技能的好机会。 详细解析:句子主干为“The calligraphy competition ... gave us a good chance to show our ____ (create) and improve our calligraphy skills”(书法比赛给了我们一个展示我们的____和提高书法技能的好机会)。“which was held in our school last month”是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“The calligraphy competition”(书法比赛),competition与hold是被动关系,故用被动语态。空格前是形容词性物主代词our,修饰名词,create是动词(创造),其名词形式是creativity(创造力),不可数名词,符合语义(展示我们的创造力)。 核心知识点:动词变名词(create → creativity):部分动词变名词时,需加后缀-ivity/-tion等,例:create(v. 创造)→ creativity(n. 创造力);invent(v. 发明)→ invention(n. 发明);act(v. 行动)→ action(n. 行动)。 非限制性定语从句(which引导):与第7题知识点一致,which引导非限制性定语从句,指代事物(competition),与主句之间用逗号隔开,不可用that引导,which在从句中作主语;例:The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书很有趣)。 give sb. a chance to do sth.:固定搭配,意为“给某人一个做某事的机会”,例:My teacher gave me a chance to speak in class.(我的老师给了我一个在课堂上发言的机会);show sth.(展示某物),本题中“show our creativity”(展示我们的创造力)。 improve:vt. 提高、改善,固定搭配:improve sth.(提高某物),例:He works hard to improve his English.(他努力提高自己的英语水平);名词形式improvement(提高、改善),例:There is a great improvement in his work.(他的工作有了很大的提高)。 12. If we want to make progress in Chinese calligraphy, we must pay attention to every detail, such as the pressure we put on the brush and the speed at we move it. 答案:which 翻译:如果我们想在书法方面取得进步,就必须注意每一个细节,比如我们对毛笔施加的压力和移动毛笔的速度。 详细解析:句子主干为“If we want to make progress in Chinese calligraphy, we must pay attention to every detail”(如果我们想在书法方面取得进步,就必须注意每一个细节),后半句“such as the pressure we put on the brush and the speed at ____ we move it”是such as引导的举例成分,举例说明“every detail”(每一个细节),包含两个并列的名词短语:“the pressure we put on the brush”(我们对毛笔施加的压力)和“the speed at ____ we move it”(我们移动毛笔的速度)。其中“the speed at ____ we move it”是定语从句,修饰先行词“the speed”(速度),先行词是表示事物的名词,且定语从句中缺少状语,结合前面的介词at,此处用关系代词which引导定语从句,“at which”相当于“at the speed”(以……的速度),符合语法逻辑,即“we move it at the speed”(我们以这个速度移动毛笔)。 核心知识点:定语从句“介词+which”的用法:当定语从句的先行词是事物,且从句中缺少状语,同时介词提前时,用“介词+which”引导定语从句,介词的选择取决于先行词的搭配或从句中的动词搭配。本题中先行词是speed,常用搭配“at the speed”(以……速度),因此用“at which”,相当于“at the speed which”;例:This is the speed at which he runs.(这是他跑步的速度);类似搭配:the place in which we live(我们居住的地方)、the time on which we meet(我们见面的时间)。 if引导的条件状语从句:if表“如果”,引导条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则(主句用一般将来时/情态动词+动词原形,从句用一般现在时),本题中主句“we must pay attention to every detail”(情态动词must+动词原形),从句“we want to make progress...”(一般现在时),符合规则;例:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里)。 make progress in sth.:固定搭配,意为“在某事上取得进步”,progress是不可数名词,不能加s,例:He makes great progress in English.(他在英语方面取得了很大进步);pay attention to sth.:固定搭配,意为“注意某事”,to是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词,例:Please pay attention to your pronunciation.(请注意你的发音)。 such as的用法:意为“例如、比如”,用于列举同类人或事物的部分例子,后面直接接名词或名词短语,不接句子;区别于for example(例如),for example后接句子,且常用逗号隔开,例:I like fruits such as apples and bananas.(我喜欢水果,比如苹果和香蕉);I like fruits, for example, apples are my favorite.(我喜欢水果,比如,苹果是我的最爱)。 put pressure on sth.:固定搭配,意为“对某物施加压力”,例:She put too much pressure on herself.(她给自己施加了太多压力);本题中“the pressure we put on the brush”即“我们施加在毛笔上的压力”。 13. With the help of my calligraphy teacher, I have gradually realized that Chinese calligraphy is a kind of art that combines (tradition) culture with personal emotion. 答案:traditional 翻译:在书法老师的帮助下,我逐渐意识到中国书法是一种将传统文化与个人情感相结合的艺术。 详细解析:句子主干为“I have gradually realized that Chinese calligraphy is a kind of art that combines ____ (tradition) culture with personal emotion”(我逐渐意识到中国书法是一种将____文化与个人情感相结合的艺术)。“With the help of my calligraphy teacher”是介词短语作状语,表“在……的帮助下”;that引导宾语从句,宾语从句中又包含一个定语从句“that combines ____ (tradition) culture with personal emotion”,修饰先行词“art”。空格处修饰名词“culture”(文化),需用形容词,tradition是名词(传统),其形容词形式是traditional(传统的),符合语义(传统文化),“combines traditional culture with personal emotion”即“将传统文化与个人情感相结合”。 核心知识点:名词变形容词(tradition → traditional):部分名词后加后缀-al,构成形容词,表“……的”,例:tradition(n. 传统)→ traditional(adj. 传统的);nation(n. 国家)→ national(adj. 国家的);education(n. 教育)→ educational(adj. 教育的);本题中traditional修饰culture,构成“传统文化”。 With the help of ...:固定搭配,意为“在……的帮助下”,例:With the help of my parents, I finished my homework.(在父母的帮助下,我完成了作业);区别于“under the help of ...”(错误表达),正确搭配只有With the help of ...。 现在完成时(have realized):表从过去到现在的动作变化,“意识到”这一动作从过去(开始学习书法)持续到现在,故用现在完成时;realize的过去分词是realized,例:I have realized my mistake.(我已经意识到了我的错误)。 combine ... with ...:固定搭配,意为“将……与……相结合”,例:We should combine theory with practice.(我们应该将理论与实践相结合);combine是动词,名词形式是combination(结合、组合),例:the combination of art and culture(艺术与文化的结合)。 定语从句嵌套:本题中“that Chinese calligraphy is a kind of art that combines traditional culture with personal emotion”是宾语从句,其中“that combines traditional culture with personal emotion”是定语从句,修饰art,形成“宾语从句嵌套定语从句”的结构,需注意从句的层次和引导词的用法。 14. No matter how difficult it is to learn Chinese calligraphy, we should never give up, because every practice will help us get closer to (master) this precious traditional art. 答案:mastering 翻译:无论学习中国书法有多难,我们都不应该放弃,因为每一次练习都会帮助我们更接近掌握这种珍贵的传统艺术。 详细解析:句子主干为“No matter how difficult it is to learn Chinese calligraphy, we should never give up”(无论学习中国书法有多难,我们都不应该放弃),后半句“because every practice will help us get closer to ____ (master) this precious traditional art”是原因状语从句(because表“因为”)。固定搭配get closer to doing sth.(更接近做某事),to是介词,后接动名词,master是动词(掌握),动名词形式是mastering,因此填mastering。“No matter how difficult it is to learn Chinese calligraphy”是让步状语从句,表“无论有多难”,it是形式主语,真正的主语是“to learn Chinese calligraphy”。 核心知识点:get closer to的固定搭配:get closer to + 名词/代词/动名词,意为“更接近……”,to是介词,不能接不定式,例:He is getting closer to his dream.(他正越来越接近自己的梦想);She gets closer to finishing her work.(她越来越接近完成工作);本题中get closer to mastering this art(更接近掌握这种艺术)。 No matter how引导的让步状语从句:No matter how = However,表“无论多么……”,结构为“No matter how + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语”,例:No matter how tired he is, he never stops working.(无论他有多累,他从不停止工作);本题中“No matter how difficult it is to learn...”(无论学习……有多难)。 it作形式主语(it is difficult to learn...):结构为“it is + 形容词 + to do sth.”,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语“to learn Chinese calligraphy”,避免句子头重脚轻,例:It is important to study hard.(努力学习很重要)。 give up:固定搭配,意为“放弃”,后接名词、代词或动名词,例:He never gives up his dream.(他从不放弃自己的梦想);give up doing sth.(放弃做某事),例:She gave up smoking last year.(她去年戒烟了)。 precious:形容词,意为“珍贵的、宝贵的”,例:precious time(宝贵的时间);precious art(珍贵的艺术);副词形式preciously(珍贵地),例:The gift is preciously kept.(这份礼物被珍贵地保存着)。 15. By the time we finish this calligraphy course, we (learn) more than 50 classic calligraphy works and mastered the basic skills of holding the brush and mixing ink. 答案:will have learned 翻译:到我们完成这门书法课程的时候,我们将会学习超过50幅经典书法作品,并掌握握笔和调墨的基本技能。 详细解析:句子主干为“By the time we finish this calligraphy course, we ____ (learn) more than 50 classic calligraphy works and mastered the basic skills”(到我们完成这门书法课程的时候,我们将会____超过50幅经典书法作品,并掌握握笔和调墨的基本技能)。“By the time”(到……的时候)引导时间状语从句,从句用一般现在时(finish)表示将来的动作,主句需用将来完成时,表“到将来某个时间点,已经完成的动作”,结构为will have + 过去分词,learn的过去分词是learned/learnt(两者均可),故填will have learned。后半句“mastered the basic skills...”与“will have learned...”并列,省略了will have,完整形式为“will have mastered”,表“到课程结束时,已经掌握技能”。 核心知识点:将来完成时(will have learned):结构为will have + 过去分词,表“到将来某个时间点,已经完成的动作”,常与By the time(到……时)、by + 将来时间(如by next year)等时间状语连用;例:By next month, I will have finished this book.(到下个月,我将会读完这本书);本题中By the time引导的从句用一般现在时表将来,主句用将来完成时。 By the time引导的时间状语从句: 从句用一般现在时,主句用将来完成时(表将来); 从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时(表过去),例:By the time he arrived, we had finished our work.(到他到达时,我们已经完成了工作)。 classic:形容词,意为“经典的、古典的”,例:classic works(经典作品);classic music(古典音乐);也可作名词,意为“经典作品、名著”,例:This book is a classic.(这本书是一部经典作品)。 mix ink:固定搭配,意为“调墨、混合墨水”,mix是动词,意为“混合、调配”,例:She mixed water with ink.(她把水和墨水混合在一起);名词形式mixture(混合物),例:a mixture of ink and water(墨水和水的混合物)。 并列谓语的省略:主句中“will have learned ... and mastered ...”省略了第二个谓语的will have,避免重复,完整形式为“will have learned ... and will have mastered ...”,符合语法习惯,表两个动作到将来某个时间点均已完成。 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破 第一组 1. Originating in Shenzhen, a city often associated technology and manufacturing, Wing Chun reflects Luo called the city’s “open and inclusive character” and its capacity (integrate) tradition with modern innovation. 2. Beyond the picturesque scenery, the unique architectural techniques (use) to build Tujia stilted buildings(土家吊脚楼) particularly impressed the foreign visitors. 3. “ _(see) this way of nail-free joints to build houses is incredible,” said student Constantin Goffard, who thought that this tradition must be preserved for its unique architectural value and the ancient engineering (wise) behind it. 4. In the end, Serneels expressed his hope that more young Europeans would visit China for immersive (沉浸式的) dialogue discovery of the country’s stories. 5. Technological methods come into play, (help) experts analyze the components of the ink and silk that ancient people used, and source historically consistent materials. 6. Ma says for some (severe) worn pieces, they have created replicas with digital technology, while the restored originals will be placed in storage. 7. Graduates of various majors joining our group must train their masters' guidance for three years, refining their mounting and restoration skills. 8. Jin believes that restoring cultural relics is not simply mending is broken, but about continuing a chain of human creativity and memory. 9. The first high-speed line, officially (launch) in 2008, now stretches over 45,000 kilometers, connecting more than 500 cities across the country. 10. Each line plays a special role. The Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway cuts travel time between the two cities from 10 hours to just 4.5 hours, having increased passenger flow nearly 60% in the past decade. 11. The Lanzhou–Xinjiang High-Speed Railway is the only line crosses the vast Gobi Desert, bringing new opportunities to remote areas. 12. The Qingdao–Jinan line (feature) the country’s first self-developed “Fuxing” bullet trains, reaching speeds of up to 350 km/h. 13. In 2023, China completed the expansion of the high-speed network to cover all provincial capitals, improving connectivity for millions. 14. Every night, she would study under the dim light, (complete) her homework before helping her younger siblings. 15. Today, she serves as a powerful reminder that with persistence, even the (far) dreams can become reality. 16. The first five national parks, officially (establish) in 2021, cover 230,000 square kilometers and protect nearly 30% of the country’s key wildlife species. 举一反三题目(15道,长难句为主,含答案、翻译、解析、核心知识点) 1. Having spent three years studying traditional Chinese painting, she has developed a deep understanding of the art form, which (enable) her to create works that combine tradition with modern aesthetics. 2. The ancient temple, (build) in the Tang Dynasty, has been restored several times, but it still retains its original architectural style and cultural connotation. 3. No one can deny that what we do today will have a great impact on the environment we live in the future, so we must take action to protect it now. 4. As a famous scientist, he devotes most of his time to doing research, (hope) to make a breakthrough in the field of renewable energy and help solve the energy crisis. 5. The number of students who choose to study abroad has increased 30% in the past five years, which shows that more young people are willing to broaden their horizons through international education. 6. It is reported that the new bridge, which (connect) the two cities across the river, will be put into use next year and will greatly shorten the travel time between them. 7. She is one of the few students who (be) able to speak both English and French fluently, and she often helps her classmates with their language learning. 8. After (careful) analyzing the data collected from the experiment, the researchers drew a conclusion that the new drug is effective in treating the disease. 9. The old man, who has devoted his whole life to protecting wild animals, says that the most important thing is not to kill wild animals but to respect they live and let them live in peace. 10. With the development of artificial intelligence, more and more jobs (replace) by intelligent robots in the future, which will bring great changes to the job market. 11. (learn) a foreign language well requires a lot of time and effort, but it can also bring us many benefits such as better communication and broader horizons. 12. The museum, which was built to remember the heroes who sacrificed their lives for the country, (attract) thousands of visitors every year and spreads the spirit of patriotism. 13. We all agree that the plan (put) forward at the meeting yesterday is practical and can help us solve the current problem effectively. 14. The more we practice speaking English, the (fluent) we will become, and this is the key to mastering a foreign language. 15. It is important that we (take) action to protect the environment immediately, because the earth is our only home and we have no other place to live. 第二组 1. The Sanjiangyuan National Park protects the sources of three major rivers, having increased their water flow nearly 50% in the past five years. 2. The Hainan tropical Rainforest National Park is the only place the Hainan gibbon population has been steadily rising. 3. If you’re wondering why Taylor Swift didn’t respond to your social media post offering congratulations on her engagement, then Cambridge Dictionary has a word for you: parasocial. (define) as involving or relating to a connection that someone feels between themselves and a famous person they do not know, parasocial has been chosen by the dictionary as (it) word of the year, as people turn chatbots and celebrities to feel connection in their online lives. 4. Opportunities for asymmetrical (不对称) relationships (mushroom) in the internet era over the past few years, with social media and now artificial intelligence (take) a niche (小众的) academic term into the mainstream. 5. Simone Schnall, professor of (experiment) social psychology at the University of Cambridge, said parasocial relationships have redefined fandom, celebrity and how ordinary people interact online with AI. 6. This scene once seemed almost unbelievable, considering that these creatures (declare) extinct in China. 7. Milu deer, also known as Pere David’s deer, are native to China, in they bear the name “sibuxiang”, or “like none of the four”, due to their unique features — a horse’s face, a donkey’s tail, cow-like hooves and a stag’s antlers. 8. However, at the end of the 19th century, flooding from the Yongding River broke the park’s walls, allowing the deer (escape) and ultimately become food for starving 60 (local). 9. Fortunately, (follow) continuous appeals and painstaking efforts, China reintroduced milu deer from the United Kingdom. 10. (additional), milu deer have been relocated to various places to establish new groups, paving the way for their reintroduction to the wild. 11. As someone who paints and draws, I confidently assumed that learning Chinese calligraphy would come naturally to me, but I (show) to be wrong after taking a class. 12. Once we were seated, our calligraphy teacher gave a short yet appealing (present) showing the history of different handwriting styles and how to use the brush and ink. 13. His handwriting was flowing and (grace), and I couldn't wait to write on the paper well 59 ( position) under a small paperweight. 14. its simple appearance, it can be incredibly challenging, as you cannot lift the brush off the paper——each stroke (笔画) should be completed in one movement. 15. Later, we were given red paper with golden detailing, (common) used during the Spring Festival, and were invited to choose a character of our own (practice). 16. Calligraphy is very important in Chinese culture as it not only reflects the traditions, but also is considered 64 educational aspect of the language, considering that Chinese characters are part of the Mandarin language. 举一反三题目(15道,长难句为主,含答案、翻译、解析、核心知识点) 1. Having spent two years studying Chinese culture, she was able to understand the deep meaning behind the ancient calligraphy works in the museum. 2. The small town we spent our summer vacation last year has become a popular tourist attraction with its beautiful scenery and unique culture. 3. (inspire) by the stories of the ancient calligraphers, many young people have started to learn Chinese calligraphy, hoping to pass on the traditional art form to the next generation. 4. Over the past decade, the number of people learning Chinese calligraphy (increase) sharply, with more and more schools offering calligraphy courses to students of all ages. 5. My teacher, who is an expert in Chinese calligraphy, often tells us that (patient) is the key to mastering this traditional art form. 6. Before I started learning calligraphy, I didn’t know that the brush and ink (use) for thousands of years to create beautiful works of art in Chinese history. 7. The ancient calligraphy works, (date) back to the Tang Dynasty, are well preserved in the national museum and attract thousands of visitors every year. 8. Although learning Chinese calligraphy is challenging, it brings a lot of joy to those who stick to (practice) it every day. 9. (obvious), the way we hold the brush has a great influence on the quality of our calligraphy works. 10. When I first tried to write Chinese characters, my hands were so shaky that I (force) to stop and take a deep breath to calm down. 11. The calligraphy competition, which was held in our school last month, gave us a good chance to show our (create) and improve our calligraphy skills. 12. If we want to make progress in Chinese calligraphy, we must pay attention to every detail, such as the pressure we put on the brush and the speed at we move it. 13. With the help of my calligraphy teacher, I have gradually realized that Chinese calligraphy is a kind of art that combines (tradition) culture with personal emotion. 14. No matter how difficult it is to learn Chinese calligraphy, we should never give up, because every practice will help us get closer to (master) this precious traditional art. 15. By the time we finish this calligraphy course, we (learn) more than 50 classic calligraphy works and mastered the basic skills of holding the brush and mixing ink. 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破(9)-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项
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