专题1 四选一阅读 第2节 归题型分类讲 题型1 细节理解题-【创新大课堂】2026年高考二轮英语专题复习

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦阅读理解细节理解题，涵盖直接信息、间接信息、综合信息等高频考点及数字计算题等低频考点，按题型分类构建知识体系，通过考点分析、典例剖析（如2024新课标真题）、技法归纳（关键词定位、信息转换）、即时训练（分层真题练习）四环节，帮助学生建立解题框架，突破难点，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 资料以“题型分类+方法提炼+真题实战”为特色，创新融合核心素养培育，如直接信息题通过关键词定位训练语言理解能力，综合信息题借助多段信息归纳提升思维品质。即时训练选用2025全国卷等不同难度真题，确保分层突破，助力学生高效掌握解题策略，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰路径，提升应考能力。

第二节　归题型　分类讲 题型一　细节理解题 细节理解题常分为直接信息题、间接信息题、综合信息题、数字计算题和细节排序题等。分析近三年的高考真题可知，直接信息题、间接信息题和综合信息题为高频考点，其他皆为低频考点。设问方式以特殊疑问句形式为主，常以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many等疑问词引出问题。 直接信息题 直接信息题的答案可以或几乎可以直接从原文中找出来，考生可先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中寻找细节。广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等语篇中的直接信息题较多。 [典例剖析]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ，A片段) Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge.We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive(侵入的) plant removal，winter planting，and seed collection.Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered [2]原文关键词＝题干关键词　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　关键句 species across the ridges and valleys. 21．What is the aim of the ？[1]题干关键词：专有名词 设问方向：Habitat Restoration Team的目的 A．To discover mineral resources. B．To develop new wildlife parks. C．To protect the local ecosystem. D．To conduct biological research. [3]对比选项和关键句，得出答案： 由关键句可知，Habitat Restoration Team的目的是恢复生态资源、保护濒危物种。对比选项可知C项正确。 【技法归纳】 【即时训练】 A (2025·全国高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解A片段) “①Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice than batteries for trucks, but making green hydrogen is expensive.” 1．What is mentioned as an ②alternative to batteries for trucks? A．Solar panels B．Hydrogen fuel cells C．Diesel engines D．Natural gas B　[细节理解题。根据选段中的“Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice than batteries for trucks”可知，卡车使用的替代电池的方案是氢燃料电池。故选B。] 语境猜词 ①hydrogen fuel cells 氢燃料电池 ②alternative n．替代方案 B (2025·全国高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B片段) “Kathy Ho ②teaches high school inside Lucile Packard ①Children's Hospital Stanford(LPCH).‘Sometimes I don't like saying that I'm a teacher，’says Ho.” 2．Where does Kathy Ho work? A．At a public high school B．In a children's hospital C．At a teacher training center D．In a university laboratory B　[细节理解题。根据选段中的“teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford”可知，Kathy Ho在儿童医院工作。故选B。] 语境猜词 ①children's hospital 儿童医院 ②teach v．教学 C (2025·浙江卷·阅读理解C片段) “①Matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the ②heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.” 3．What is the main characteristic of matrix planting? A．It requires frequent maintenance B．It relies on nature's self­design C．It needs expensive fertilizers D．It focuses on single species B　[细节理解题。根据选段中的“nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting”可知，矩阵种植的特点是依靠自然力量进行设计。故选B。] 语境猜词 ①matrix planting 矩阵种植 ②heavy lifting 主要工作 间接信息题 间接信息题通常不能直接从原文中找到对应的词或短语，但可以找到近义词、同义词、派生词、反义词等，考生也可以根据文章的隐含线索，如原因、前提或结果等仔细推敲得出正确答案。此类题型常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查。 [典例剖析]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ，B片段) Farber，a graduate of Colorado State University，started out as a more conventional veterinarian.He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle­relaxing drugs but found little relief.Then he tried ，an ancient Chinese practice，and was amazed 关键句1　　　　　　　　　　　　　　关键句2　[2]原文关键词＝题干关键词 that he improved after two or three treatments．What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.So，after studying the techniques for a couple of years，he began offering them to ． 　　　　　　　关键句3　[2]原文关键词＝题干关键词 25．Why did Farber decide to try ？[1]题干关键词 设问方向：Farber决定给宠物尝试用针灸疗法的原因 A．He was trained in it at university.　　　　 B．He was inspired by another veterinarian. C．He benefited from it as a patient. D．He wanted to save money for pet owners. [3]转换关键句，得出答案： 由第一个关键句可知，when he suffered from terrible back pain可以转换为as(he was)a patient。由第二和第三个关键句可知Farber尝试使用针灸，结果两三次治疗后就好转了，于是在研究几年后开始给宠物使用。对比选项可知C项正确。 【技法归纳】 【即时训练】 A (2024·新课标Ⅱ，B片段) Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes，we all have our phones，but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well，there's a kiosk(小亭) for that.In the San Francisco Bay Area，at least. “You enter the fare gates(检票口) and you'll see a kiosk that is ①lit up and it tells you can get a one­minute，a three­minute，or a five­minute story，” says Alicia Trost，the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART.“You choose which length you want and it gives you a ②receipt­like short story.” 1．How are the stories categorized in the kiosk? A．By popularity. B．By length. C．By theme. D．By language. B　[细节理解题。根据选段第三段中“you can get a one­minute，a three­minute，or a five­minute story”和“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt­like short story.”可知，自助服务亭中的故事按长度分类，乘客可以根据自己的需求选择不同长度的故事。故选B。] 语境猜词 ①light up 照亮，点亮 ②receipt­like 像收据一样的 B (2024·浙江1月，B片段) When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain.Ages ago，right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was...2006.I was conducting auditions(试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing，I spread some ①throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”． As I rushed outdoors to ②empty the wastepaper baskets，the door swung shut behind me.Suddenly I was locked outside.My mobile phone was inside，but luckily there was a telephone box across the street.So，I called Directory Assistance，got put through to our landlady's managing agent，and had a ③spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived. 2．Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006? A．To place an urgent call. B．To put up a notice. C．To shelter from the rain. D．To hold an audition. A　[细节理解题。根据选段第二段最后一句“So，I called Directory Assistance，got put through to our landlady's managing agent，and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.”可知，作者在2006年使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话。故选A。] 语境猜词 ①throw n．套，罩 ②empty v．清空 ③spare adj.备用的 综合信息题 综合信息题涉及一段内的多个信息或多段内容，且各个细节信息都能在文章中找到，因此考生要不厌其烦地认真分析、概括和归纳，从而得出正确答案。设问形式如下：What can we learn about...from the...paragraph(s)？What do...and...have in common？What similar...do...and...have？等。 [典例剖析]　(2024·新课标Ⅱ，A) Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner，experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow's mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. Walk 1—The Natural World With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide，this walk promises to be an informative tour.Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs. Date and Time：Saturday[2]信息词 ，1st October，at 09：00 Start Point：Scratoes Bridge Walk Duration：6 hours Walk 2—Introduction to Hillwalking Emmanuel Chappard，an experienced guide，has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all.This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips. Date and Time：Sunday[2]信息词 ，2nd October，at 09：00 Start Point：Deerpark Car Park Walk Duration：5 hours Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars Walking at night­time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone.Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs.A torch(手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark.Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate. Date and Time：Saturday[2]信息词 ，1st October，at 18：30 Start Point：The Town Hall Walk Duration：3 hours Walk 4—Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild.Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well­surfaced forest path. Date and Time：Sunday[2]信息词 ，2nd October，at 11：45 Start Point：Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area Walk Duration：1.5 hours 23.What do the four walks ？[1]题干关键词 设问方向：四项徒步活动的共同点 A．They involve difficult climbing.　　　　　　　 B．They are for experienced walkers. C．They share the same start point. D．They are scheduled for the weekend. [3]综合概括信息源，得出答案： 每一项徒步活动的举办时间都是Saturday或Sunday，可以概括为周末。对比选项可知D项正确。 【技法归纳】 【即时训练】 A (2023·全国甲，A片段) Nahm Offering Thai fine dining，Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary(烹饪的) experiences.It's the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world's 50 best restaurants list.Head Chef David Thompson，who received a Michelin star for his London­based Thai restaurant of the same name，opened this ①branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. Issaya Siamese Club Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai's first ②flagship Bangkok restaurant.The menu in this beautiful ③colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods. 1．What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common? A．They adopt modern cooking methods. B．They have branches in London. C．They have top­class chefs. D．They are based in hotels. C　[细节理解题。根据Nahm部分的最后一句以及Issaya Siamese Club部分的首句可知，Nahm和Issaya Siamese Club的共同之处是它们都有一流的厨师。故选C。] 语境猜词 ①branch n．分店 ②flagship n．旗舰 ③colonial adj.殖民地时期风格的 B (2025·高三湖南郴州二模) If you're eager to boost your fitness levels, or simply explore new athletic activities, consider some exercise courses from the following platforms. YourFitness YourFitness isn't just a calorie­tracking app and it also provides a selection of free workout classes.In addition to its core nutrition­monitoring features, users can access workout routines designed to improve overall health.YourFitness caters (迎合) to different fitness goals.There are also payment courses, such as ③personalized coaching and exclusive workout content. FitPro Vitality FitPro Vitality offers a blend of free and paid workout classes.The classes span various disciplines, including ①high­intensity interval training (HIIT), yoga, and strength training.It also offers off­line exercise courses with professional trainers providing on­site guidance. Peloton Trek Peloton Trek offers a wide range of free workout classes catering to people of all ages.The classes give users a taste of the high­energy workouts Peloton Trek is known for, including cycling, running and strength training.All users gain access to an extensive library of ②on­demand classes and advanced analytics.The platform's instructors are highly energetic and motivating. Athleanphere Athleanphere is a platform dedicated to helping individuals build strength, improve athletic performance, and achieve their fitness goals.All of its workout videos and classes are available for free.For more in­depth training programs, users' courses are jointly designed by professional trainers and famous athletes with a focus on ④sports­specific conditioning. 2．What do the last two platforms have in common? A．They offer free courses. B．They are targeted at young users. C．They mainly focus on speed training D.They have some courses designed by famous athletes. A　[细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Peloton Trek offers a wide range of free workout classes catering to people of all ages.(Peloton Trek为所有年龄段的人提供广泛的免费健身课程。)”和最后一段第二句“All of its workout videos and classes are available for free.(所有的健身视频和课程都是免费的。)”可知，这两个平台的课程都是免费的。故选A。] 语境猜词 ①high­intensity interval training (HIIT)n.高强度间歇训练 ②on­demand classes n．按需课程 ③personalized coaching n．个性化指导 ④sports­specific conditioning n．专项运动体能训练 数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，容易计算。但是解答英语阅读中的数字计算题必须要找出文中的隐含信息，这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。 数字计算题一般出现在广告类、故事类、科学知识类、史地自然类、文化教育类等语篇中。设问方式多是以when，in which year，how many/much等疑问词(组)开头引出问题。 [典例剖析]　(2023·新课标Ⅰ，A片段) Prices Hand Brake，Three Gears [2]原文关键词＝题干关键词 Foot Brake， No Gears 1 hour ＝ 7.50 ＝ 5.00 3 hours ＝ 11.00 ＝ 7.50 1 day (24 hours) [2]原文关键词＝题干关键词 ＝ 14.75 关键数据 ＝ 9.75 Each additional day 关键信息 ＝ 8.00 关键数据 ＝ 6.00 [3]整合推算，得出答案： 第二列与题干中询问的类别一致：三挡、手刹。由倒数第二行的关键数据可知，租一天三档、手刹的自行车费用是＝ 14.75；由最后一行的关键信息和数据可知，如果多租一天，交＝ 8.00。合计推算＝ 14.75＋＝ 8.00＝＝ 22.75。故C项正确。 23.How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? 设问方向：租一辆三挡、手刹的自行车两天的花费　　　　　　　　　↓ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　[1]题干关键词：类别和时长 A．＝ 15.75.　　　　　　B．＝ 19.50.　　　　　　 C．＝ 22.75.　　　　　　D．＝ 29.50. 【技法归纳】 【即时训练】 A (2024·新课标Ⅰ，A片段) AGE，SKILLS，WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form.Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. 1．What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A．5. B．10. C．15. D．18. B　[数字计算题。根据选段中的“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.”可知，参加栖息地恢复小组的年龄下限是10岁。故选B。] B (2022·高三·湖北荆州二模，片段) Admission 3.Children under 10 years old are admitted free when accompanied by an adult. 4.Students with a valid ID card receive a 25% discount on the standard ticket price of ￡8. Schools and Colleges Groups of 15 or more students from the same institution can enter at a reduced rate of ￡5 per person. 2．How much would a group of 2 adults，3 children under 10，and 5 students (with valid IDs) pay for admission? A．￡34. B．￡38. C．￡42. D．￡46. D　[数字计算题。根据Admission部分：成人票价：8×2＝16英镑；10岁以下儿童在成人陪同下免费，故0英镑；持有效学生证的学生可享25%折扣，每人票价8×0.75＝6英镑，5名学生共6×5＝30英镑，故总费用：16＋0＋30＝46英镑。易错提醒：虽然题目中提到“15人以上团体可享￡5优惠”，但当前学生人数为5人，未达到团体优惠条件，因此按常规学生折扣计算。故选D。] C (2025·全国高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解A片段) 3．What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A．11.6%. B．45.1%. C．74.5%. D．86.1%. C　[数字计算题。题目问“2018年公路车辆在全球交通排放中所占百分比是多少？”。根据文中第一张图中的相关数据 “ROAD(PASSENGER) 45.1%”和“ROAD(GOODS) 29.4%”可知，公路车辆在全球交通排放中的总占比为 45.1%＋29.4%＝74.5%。故选C项。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $