Unit 1 Science and Scientists Learning About Language 分层同步练习-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Learning About Language 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Before conducting any experiment,you must get down to 　　　　　　(do) thorough background research and planning.  2.The field of robotics is closely 　　　　　　(relate) to advancements in artificial intelligence and computer science.  3.The 　　　　　　(finding) of the scientific study suggest a connection between sleep patterns and cognitive performance.  4.　　　　　　(initial),the scientists faced a series of challenges in setting up the complex experiment.  5.The 　　　　　　(theory) framework developed by the scientist laid the foundation for understanding the behavior of the particles in the experiment.  Ⅱ.短语填空 deal with,focus on,carry out,make sense,calm down 1.As a scientist,it is important 　　　　　　　　　unexpected challenges that may arise during the course of an experiment.  2.The results of the research may not 　　　　　　　　　　　　at first,but with further analysis,scientists can uncover the underlying patterns.  3.In order to 　　　　　　　　　a successful scientific experiment,it is crucial to carefully plan the procedure.  4.Scientists often need to 　　　　　　　　　specific aspects of their research in order to achieve meaningful results.  5.When faced with unexpected setbacks,it is important for scientists to take a moment 　　　　　　　　　and approach the problem with a clear mind.  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.今天天气太暖和了,好像已经是春天了。 It’s very warm today.It seems 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  2.众所周知,英国是产业革命的发源地。 As is well-known,Britain was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  3.关键问题是我们能否采取有效的措施来防治污染。 The key question was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to prevent pollution.  4.大学是我们应专注于某个特定专业的时候,而高中需要我们搞清楚这个专业是什么。 College is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,but high school is when we have to figure it out.  5.让他感兴趣的是科学家如何发现技术上的新突破? What makes him interested is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?  二、素养能力提升练 Ⅳ.阅读理解 John von Neumann was the oldest of 3 children of a banker,and his speed of learning new ideas and solving problems stood out early.At 17,his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he might lead a poor life being a mathematician,and he and his father reached an agreement,and von Neumann went to study chemistry.In 1926,at 23,he received a degree in chemical engineering and a Ph.D.in mathematics.From then on,mathematics provided well enough for him,and he never had to turn to chemistry. In 1930,von Neumann visited Princeton University for a year and then became a professor there.His first book was published in 1932.In 1930,the Institute for Advanced Study was formed,and in 1933 he became one of the 6 full-time professors in the School of Mathematics (Einstein was one of the others). World War Ⅱ (1931—1945) hugely changed von Neumann’s areas of interest.Until 1940 he had been a great pure mathematician.After 1940,he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematical theories into practice.During the last part of the war he became interested in machines and made several fundamental computing contributions.After the war,von Neumann continued his work with computers,and was generally very active in government service.He received many awards,was president of the American Mathematical Society and was a member of the Atomic Energy Commission.He died of cancer in 1957. Von Neumann made several great contributions and any one of them would have been enough to earn him a firm place in history.He is remembered as one of the greatest minds of the 20th century. Von Neumann really is a legend in his own time,and there are a number of stories about him.His driving ability is a part of his legend.He reported one accident this way:“I was driving down the road.The trees on the right were passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour.Suddenly one of them stepped in my path.” 1.What did von Neumann’s father believe according to the text? A.A mathematician couldn’t earn a lot of money. B.A mathematician needed a good memory. C.Von Neumann had the ability to learn two subjects at the same time. D.Von Neumann had the gift for solving problems at a high speed. 2.When did von Neumann publish his first book? A.At the age of 25. B.At the age of 26. C.At the age of 29. D.At the age of 32. 3.What does the underlined word “firm” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Strong. B.Small. C.Famous. D.Weak. 4.Which of the following can best describe John von Neumann according to the last paragraph? A.Calm. B.Brave. C.kind. D.Humorous. Ⅴ.完形填空 Poltu ran straight to his study table.There,in an empty bottle,was the treasure,a colourful butterfly,once keeping flying away from his 　1　.But now it was going to be part of his biology project in school.  Poltu loved the different 　2　 on its wings.He had made a few 　3　 on the cap of the bottle to let air pass through.He dressed hurriedly,　4　 school and 　5　 the bottle on the windowsill of the classroom.That day’s biology class was the most interesting!Poltu’s teacher was happy with his 　6　 and asked everyone to thank him.  On the way back home,the butterfly still fluttered its wings 　7　.Whatever small creature Poltu came across,he felt like putting it into the bottle.But he 　8　 himself as he wanted to give breathing space to his butterfly.  Waking up around midnight suddenly,he lightly 　9　 the bottle.The butterfly did not move.He shook the bottle some more,but still no 　10　.He poured a little water.The water seemed to help as the butterfly 　11　 a little.Poltu heaved a sigh of 　12　.After a while Poltu quickly opened the bottle and gave it a 　13　 shake.  To Poltu,the tiny noise of the fluttering wings was 　14　.He sat staring at the empty bottle,but he was happy that he had sent the butterfly back to where it 　15　—nature.  1.A.sense B.ability C.grasp D.view 2.A.colours B.spots C.shapes D.lines 3.A.circles B.designs C.dots D.holes 4.A.called at B.turned to C.left for D.dropped in 5.A.abandoned B.placed C.threw D.pulled 6.A.creation B.condition C.intention D.expectation 7.A.changeably B.reasonably C.weakly D.energetically 8.A.controlled B.seized C.managed D.hid 9.A.kicked B.hugged C.patted D.beat 10.A.response B.appearance C.symptom D.signal 11.A.climbed B.jumped C.turned D.trembled 12.A.regret B.shock C.relief D.depression 13.A.violent B.gentle C.sudden D.natural 14.A.terrible B.unbelievable C.confusing D.musical 15.A.disappeared B.belonged C.survived D.died 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.doing　2.related　3.findings　4.Initially　5.theoretical Ⅱ.1.to deal with　2.make sense　3.carry out　4.focus on　5.to calm down Ⅲ.1.as if it were spring already　2.where the industrial revolution started　3.whether we can take effective measures　4.when we should focus on a specific major　5.how scientists discover new breakthroughs in technology Ⅳ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著名科学家约翰·冯·诺伊曼的生平经历、取得的重大成就以及一则有趣的故事。 1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中“At 17,his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he might lead a poor life being a mathematician”可知,冯·诺伊曼的父亲认为数学家往往过的是贫穷的生活,挣不了很多钱。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中“In 1926,at 23,he received a degree in chemical engineering and a Ph.D.in mathematics.”和第二段中“His first book was published in 1932.”可知,冯·诺伊曼出版第一本书的时候是1932年,当时他29岁。 3.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Von Neumann made several great contributions”和下文“He is remembered as one of the greatest minds of the 20th century.”可知,冯·诺伊曼的这些贡献为他在历史上赢得了稳固的地位,因此firm意思应该是“稳固的,牢固的”,与strong意思一致。 4.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I was driving down the road.The trees on the right were passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour.Suddenly one of them stepped in my path.”可知,冯·诺依曼在报告开车事故时,将自己与树木之间的动与静的状态颠倒,让人忍俊不禁。由此可知,他非常幽默。 Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Poltu抓了一只彩色的蝴蝶并把它放进空瓶子里,但最终让它回归大自然的故事。 1.C　根据上文“once keeping flying away from”可知,蝴蝶曾不断试图从Poltu紧握的手中飞走。grasp意为“紧握”,符合语境。故选C项。 2.A　根据第一段中“a colourful butterfly”可知,这是一只彩色的蝴蝶,所以Poltu喜欢蝴蝶翅膀上不同的颜色(colours)。故选A项。 3.D　根据下文“to let air pass through”可知,为了让瓶子透气,Poltu在瓶盖上凿了几个洞(holes)。故选D项。 4.C　根据上文“He dressed hurriedly”可知,Poltu匆忙穿好衣服,出发去学校。leave for意为“动身去(某地)”。故选C项。 5.B　根据下文“the bottle on the windowsill of the classroom”可知,Poltu把装有蝴蝶的瓶子放(placed)在教室的窗台上。故选B项。 6.A　根据第一段中“But now it was going to be part of his biology project in school.”和下文“and asked everyone to thank him”可知,老师对Poltu的创意(creation)很满意。故选A项。 7.D　根据上文“the butterfly still fluttered its wings”可知,蝴蝶仍精力充沛地(energetically)拍打着翅膀。故选D项。 8.A　根据下文“as he wanted to give breathing space to his butterfly”可知,Poltu学会了控制(controlled)自己。故选A项。 9.C　根据下文“He shook the bottle some more,but still no 　　　.”可知,Poltu轻轻地拍了拍(patted)瓶子。故选C项。  10.A　根据上文“He shook the bottle some more”可知,瓶子中的蝴蝶没有反应(response)。故选A项。 11.D　根据上文“The water seemed to help”可知,Poltu往瓶子里倒入一点水,蝴蝶开始微微颤抖(trembled)。故选D项。 12.C　根据上文“The water seemed to help as the butterfly 　　　a little.”可知,Poltu看到蝴蝶动了,松了一口气。relief意为“(痛苦、悲痛等的)减轻或解除;宽慰”。故选C项。  13.B　根据上文“After a while Poltu quickly opened the bottle”可知,Poltu轻轻地摇了摇瓶子。give sth a gentle shake意为“轻轻摇晃某物”。故选B项。 14.D　根据上文“Poltu heaved a sigh of 　　　.”可知,Poltu知道蝴蝶还活着,所以蝴蝶扇动翅膀发出的微小声音是悦耳的(musical)。故选D项。  15.B　根据下文关键词“nature”可知,Poltu把蝴蝶送回了属于(belonged)它的大自然。故选B项。 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $