Unit 1 Science and scientists Learning about Language 同步练习 2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

答案 Period Three　Learning About Language (Grammar) 一.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大雁塔的历史。 1.located　考查非谓语动词。动词locate和wonder之间是动宾关系,应用过去分词作后置定语,故填located。 2.Originally　考查副词。空处修饰动词built,应用副词形式,首字母应大写,故填Originally。 3.was ordered　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。结合空后的by Emperor Gaozong可知,主语construction和动词order之间是被动关系,且句子描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语表示单数意义,故填was ordered。 4.into　考查介词。the translation of…into…“……到……的翻译”,为固定搭配,故填into。 5.height　考查名词。结合空前的a可知,空处应填名词作宾语,故填height。 6.which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是tower,应用关系代词which引导,故填which。 7.reflecting　考查非谓语动词。动词reflect和逻辑主语each storey之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语,故填reflecting。 8.views　考查名词复数。句意:游客可以登上内部楼梯到达顶部,欣赏城市的壮丽景色。view“风景”,可数名词,此处应用复数形式,故填views。 9.or　考查连词。whether…or…“无论……还是……”,固定短语,故填or。 10.an　考查冠词。destination是可数名词,此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且essential发音以元音音素开头,故填an。 二.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍科学家正在研究的一款会笑的机器人。 1.B　推理判断题。由文章第一段“Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts. The team…said that the system could improve natural conversations between people and an AI robot.”可知,团队开发这个人工智能系统是为了提高机器人的社交技能。故选B项。 2.D　推理判断题。由文章第二段“The team have set out to teach their AI system the art of conversational laughter. They gathered training data from more than 80 daily dialogues between male subjects and the robot that was initially operated by four actresses remotely. The dialogue data was grouped into social laughs (where polite or embarrassed laughter isn’t involved) and laughter of joy. Based on the audio files, the algorithm(算法) learned the basic characteristics of social laughs, which tend to be softer, and merry laughs, with the aim of mirroring these inappropriate situations.”可知,团队已经开始教授机器人笑的艺术,数据包括了笑的特征,因此推断机器人Erica目前可能掌握了数据提供的笑的特征。故选D项。 3.B　词义猜测题。由文章第三段“‘Our biggest obstructor in the work was identifying the actual cases of shared laughter because as you know, most laughter is actually not shared at all,’ said Inoue. ‘We had to carefully decide exactly which laughs we could use for our analysis and we couldn’t just assume that any laugh can be responded to. It was really not easy work.’”可知,现在确定分享笑声的实际案例不是一件容易的事情,这是研究人员工作中最大的“障碍”,所以推测obstructor 表示“障碍”。故选B项。 4.C　主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Laughter comes in many forms, from a polite and quiet laugh to a great hearty laugh. Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts.”以及下文内容可知,文章主要介绍科学家正在研究一款会笑的机器人。所以C项“Laughing robots are around the corner(会笑的机器人即将问世)”为最佳标题。故选C项。 三.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项针对诺贝尔奖获得者的研究发现:这些获奖者通常有多个领域的知识和广泛的兴趣爱好,这使他们在工作中更有创造力。 1.G　根据上文“Experts often tell students to centre their efforts on a narrow field to get a job after school.”及下文“When describing his career, Meldal said he started out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because he ‘wanted to understand the world’.”可知,专家们经常告诉学生们要把精力集中在一个狭窄的领域,但是一些诺贝尔奖获得者却做过不同的工作。由此可知,G项(但最近对诺贝尔奖得主的研究表明更广泛的兴趣很重要)能够承上启下,符合语境。故选G。 2.C　根据上文“When describing his career, Meldal said he started out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because he ‘wanted to understand the world’.”可知,上文讲述了梅尔达尔的经历。下文“They might believe they have to centre their work and school lives in one field to be successful.”说明梅尔达尔的经历和他们认为的成功经验是不一样的。由此可知,C项(梅尔达尔的经历可能会让学生们感到惊讶)能够承上启下,符合语境。故选C。 3.F　根据上文“The researchers looked into past Nobel Prize winners and their students.”及下文“…some of what they learned from their teachers is how to live a life with many interests.”可知,此处在讲诺贝尔奖得主对他们的学生的影响。由此可知,F项(他们发现,当获奖者的学生后来获得诺贝尔奖时)能够承上启下,符合语境。其中students是关键词。故选F。 4.E　根据上文“Nobel Prize winners are nine times more likely to have experience in working with wood, metal or in the arts than most scientists…Unlike many people who spend long hours at work and give up their outside interests…”可知,诺贝尔奖获得者兴趣广泛,而且不会放弃他们的业余爱好。由此可知,E项(诺贝尔奖得主认为他们的爱好对创造力很重要)能够衔接上文,符合语境。其中hobbies对应上文中的outside interests。故选E。 5.A　根据上文“They pointed to a 2022 report about students who study two major fields in college.”及下文“Double majors are often more creative and more interested in starting their own businesses than those who centre on only one study area.”可知,此处在讲述双学位的问题。由此可知,A项(那个学习计划叫做“双学位”)能够承上启下,符合语境。其中double major是关键词。故选A。 四.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Peter Sänger和吴亮一起创建了Green City解决方案,来对抗空气污染。他们的发明——城市树——起到了空气净化器的作用,是城市树木和绿地的一个有趣的补充。 1.struck　考查动词时态。根据got可知,句子为一般过去时,空处缺少谓语,strike的过去式为struck。故填struck。 2.against　考查介词。根据the fight可知,空处缺少介词against,构成短语the fight against…,意为:对抗……。故填against。 3.why　考查名词性从句。根据前一句“They believe that if you can’t measure it, you can’t beat it.”可知,前面是后面的原因,此处表示“那就是为什么……”,用句型“That’s why…”。故填why。 4.addition　考查名词。分析句子可知,空处放在an后,用名词,addition意为“添加物”。故填addition。 5.dotted　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空处修饰“trees”作后置定语,trees与dot构成逻辑上的被动关系,用过去分词作定语。故填dotted。 6.healthily　考查副词。分析句子可知,空处修饰动词live,用副词作状语。故填healthily。 7.to breathe　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空处修饰air,用不定式作后置定语。故填to breathe。 8.the　考查冠词。根据air-purifying feature of moss可知,此处表示特指的特性,用定冠词the。故填the。 9.depending　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空处用非谓语形式作状语,与前面主语是主动关系,用现在分词作状语。故填depending。 10.scientific　考查形容词。分析句子可知,空处用形容词作定语修饰way,science意为“科学”,形容词为scientific。故填scientific。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Period Three　Learning About Language (Grammar) 课内基础巩固练 一、 语篇填空 Chang’an Tower, also known as the Great Wild Goose Pagoda, is an architectural wonder 1.　　　　　　 (locate) in Xi’an, China. With its rich historical significance and stunning beauty, this ancient tower stands as a masterpiece of China’s cultural heritage.  2.　　　　　　 (original) built during the Tang Dynasty in the 7th century, Chang’an Tower served as a Buddhist pagoda, housing Buddhist materials that the monk Xuanzang brought from India. Its construction 3.　　　　　　(order) by Emperor Gaozong to promote Buddhism and facilitate (使……便利) the translation of Buddhist scriptures (佛经) 4.　　　　　　 Chinese.  Rising to a 5.　　　　　　 (high) of 64 metres, the square-shaped, thirteen-storey tower showcases the splendid craftsmanship of ancient Chinese craftsmen, each storey of 6.　　　　　　 exhibits unique architectural features, 7.　　　　　　 (reflect) the cultural influences of the time. Visitors can go up the internal staircase to the top for magnificent 8.　　　　　 (view) of the city. Surrounding the pagoda, the serene gardens and the Da Ci’en Temple offer a peaceful retreat as well.  Whether it is for experiencing a piece of history 9.　　　　 exploring cultural wonders, Chang’an Tower is 10.　　　　 essential destination for those exploring China’s vast historical landscape.  课后素养提升练 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 二、 阅读理解 Laughter comes in many forms, from a polite and quiet laugh to a great hearty laugh. Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts. The team behind the laughing robot Erica said that the system could improve natural conversations between people and an AI robot. “We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy(共情),” said Dr Koji Inoue, the lead author of the research. “So we decided that one way a robot can empathize with its users is to share their laughter.” The team have set out to teach their AI system the art of conversational laughter. They gathered training data from more than 80 daily dialogues between male subjects and the robot that was initially operated by four actresses remotely. The dialogue data was grouped into social laughs (where polite or embarrassed laughter isn’t involved) and laughter of joy. Based on the audio files, the algorithm(算法) learned the basic characteristics of social laughs, which tend to be softer, and merry laughs, with the aim of mirroring these inappropriate situations. “Our biggest obstructor in the work was identifying the actual cases of shared laughter because as you know, most laughter is actually not shared at all,” said Inoue. “We had to carefully decide exactly which laughs we could use for our analysis and we couldn’t just assume that any laugh can be responded to. It was really not easy work.” The team said laughter could help create robots with their own distinct character although it could take more than 20 years before it would be possible to have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend. “One of the things we’d keep in mind is that a laughing robot or algorithm will never be able to understand you or the meaning of laughter,” points out Prof. Sandra Wachter of the Oxford Internet Institute. “But with their development, they might get very good at tricking you into believing they understand what’s going on.” (　)1.Why did Inoue’s team develop the AI system? A.To better understand human empathy. B.To promote the social skills of robots. C.To explore the differences between laughs. D.To assist robots in identifying people’s moods. (　)2.What can robot Erica probably do at present? A.Repeat the details of the 80 dialogues. B.Distinguish people by hearing their laughs. C.Recreate a scene played by the four actresses. D.Master the features of laughs provided by data. (　)3.What does the underlined word “obstructor” in Paragraph 3 mean? A.Potential. B.Barrier. C.Alternative. D.Division. (　)4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.Are AI systems going beyond human ability? B.Can conversational AI really understand us? C.Laughing robots are around the corner D.Robots become laughing masters 三、阅读七选五 Experts often tell students to centre their efforts on a narrow field to get a job after school. 1.　　　　.  One of the winners of Nobel Prize in Chemistry was Danish scientist Morten Meldal, who is 70 years old and works at the University of Copenhagen. When describing his career, Meldal said he started out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because he “wanted to understand the world”. 2.　　　　. They might believe they have to centre their work and school lives in one field to be successful. But a study from professors at Michigan State University shows that is not always the case. The researchers looked into past Nobel Prize winners and their students. 3.　　　　, some of what they learned from their teachers is how to live a life with many interests. They are, in a way, learning how to be creative.  Nobel Prize winners are nine times more likely to have experience in working with wood, metal or in the arts than most scientists. The researchers also found that the Nobel Prize winners have an open mind about their life experiences. Unlike many people who spend long hours at work and give up their outside interests, 4.　　　　.  The researchers say that, even among people who do not win big prizes, those with many interests are often successful. They pointed to a 2022 report about students who study two major fields in college. 5.　　　　. Double majors are often more creative and more interested in starting their own businesses than those who centre on only one study area.  A.That study plan is called a “double major” B.What we believe is of great benefits to them C.Meldal’s experience may come as a surprise to students D.They discovered that if they helped each other afterwards E.Nobel Prize winners believe their hobbies are important to creativity F.They found that when the students of the winners went on to win Nobel Prizes G.But recent research into Nobel Prize winners suggests that wider interests are important 四、 语法填空 When Peter Sänger and Liang Wu got together, it 1.　　　　　　 (strike) them that they must be long-lost friends. Both firmly advocate the fight 2.　　　　　　 air pollution. They believe that if you can’t measure it, you can’t beat it. That’s 3.　　　　　　 they founded Green City Solutions, the solution to quantifiably improving city air.  Their invention, the CityTree, acts as an air purifier, an interesting 4.　　　　　　 (add) to urban trees and green spaces. Rooted in science, air pollution can be eaten by the vertical flat-paneled (平面的) “trees” 5.　　　　　　 (dot) around cities across Europe, while the “trees” also act as seats for pedestrians. Sänger and Wu’s vision is for a world in which people in cities can live 6.　　　　　　(healthy). They long to create living conditions that allow all people around the world to permanently have cleaner air 7.　　　　　　 (breathe).  The CityTree combines 8.　　　　　　 air-purifying feature of moss with remote technology to increase the air flow through the “trees”. This allows them to “suck up” and clean more air than normal, and the amount they purify can be increased 9.　　　　　　 (depend) on pollution levels at different times of day.  The German green-tech start-up is now funded by the European Commission. A CityTree network of 15 brand new units will be set up and tested in a 10.　　　　　　 (science) way in Berlin’s pollution hot spots next year.  学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $