内容正文:
第一部分
语法专题训练
1
专题五 动词的分类
1
知识导图
2
考情归纳
3
考点诊断
4
考点梳理
5
课堂小测
2
专题五 动词的分类
知识导图
3
考点 中考(广东卷)近5年考点统计
1.动词辨析 2020、2021、2022、2023、2024
2.情态动词 2024
3.动词短语 2020、2021、2022、2023
专题五 动词的分类
考情归纳
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★广东省2014—2024年中考动词归纳(按字母分类)
A B C D E F
agree 同意 break 打
破 chang
e 改
变 depen
d 取决
(于) encour
age 鼓励 fill 填
充
allow 允许 build 建
造 comp
are 比
较 descri
be 描述 enjoy 享受 forc
e 强
迫
avoid 避免 buy 买 conne
ct 连
接 disco
ver 发现 examin
e 检查 forg
et 忘
记
bring 带
来 consi
der 考
虑 distur
b 打扰 explain 解释
专题五 动词的分类
考情归纳
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A B C D E F
beco
me 变
成 contr
ol 操
作 dance 跳舞 eat 吃
collec
t 收
集 drink 喝
cry 哭
cook 煮
续表
专题五 动词的分类
考情归纳
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G H I L M O
guess 猜测 help 帮
助 imagi
ne 想象 laugh 大笑 move 移动 orde
r 命
令
guide 指引 invite 邀请 leave 离开
get 得到
give 给予
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专题五 动词的分类
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P R S T W
push 推动 realize 领会 sell 出售 tell 告诉 wash 洗
pull 拉 refuse 拒绝 see 看见 throw 扔 warm (使)
暖和
play 玩 rest 休息 shout 喊 try 尝试 work 工作
search 搜索 thank 感谢
suppor
t 支持 take 带走
spread 传播
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专题五 动词的分类
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P R S T W
show 展示
share 分享
smile 微笑
sleep 睡觉
续表
专题五 动词的分类
考情归纳
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进入中考动词和动词短语考点学习前,我们先来进行该考点的自我诊断
吧。请阅读以下五个句子,并在句中将所有的动词用下划线标示出来。
1. Several years ago,seven middle school students went swimming in
the Dongjiang River.
2. Suddenly one of the boys had a cramp(抽筋) and he went up
and down in the water and shouted for help.
专题五 动词的分类
考点诊断
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3. Two of them tried to save him, but failed.
4. When he heard the shout, he jumped into the water without a
second thought.
5. When he tried to save the second one, he ran out of energy and
could not go up again. Two students and he lost their lives.
专题五 动词的分类
考点诊断
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动词的分类:行为动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四种
分类 用法与例子
行
为
动
词 及物动词:及物动
词作谓语,后面必
须跟宾语 She has some bananas.她有一些香蕉。
He is reading a book.他正在读一本书。
专题五 动词的分类
考点梳理
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分类 用法与例子
行
为
动
词 不及物动词:不及
物动词作谓语,后
面不能跟宾语,只
有加上介词才可接
宾语 The party will start at 8 o'clock.晚会将在8点
开始。
(不及物动词start后不接宾语)
Let's look at the picture on the wall.咱们看看
墙上这幅画吧。
(不及物动词look加上介词at才能接宾语the
picture)
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专题五 动词的分类
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分类 用法与例子
连
系
动
词 be(be动词) His father is a doctor in the hospital.他爸爸是
医院的医生。
续表
专题五 动词的分类
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分类 用法与例子
连
系
动
词 表变化的:
go (变为)
get(成为;变得)
turn(使……变得)
become(变成;成
为) In summer,the food goes bad easily.(变坏)
在夏天,食物很容易变坏。
In winter,the days get shorter and the nights
get longer.
在冬天,日变短,夜变长。
In autumn,the leaves will turn yellow.
(变颜色)
在秋天,叶子变黄了。
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专题五 动词的分类
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分类 用法与例子
连
系
动
词 表感官的:
look(看起来)
feel(感觉起来)
sound(听起来)
seem(似乎;好像)
taste(尝起来)
smell(闻起来) He looks young.
他看起来很年轻。
The clothes feel soft.
这衣服摸起来很柔软。
That sounds good.=That sounds like a good
idea.
听起来不错。
He seems young.=It seems that he is young.
他好像很年轻。
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专题五 动词的分类
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分类 用法与例子
连
系
动
词 表状态的:
remain(仍然是保
持不变)
keep(保持)
stay(保持;维持) —Can you keep the door open? 你能让门开
着吗?
—No,I will keep it closed. 不,我要让门关着。
Everyone should exercise to stay healthy.
每个人都应该锻炼身体以保持健康。
续表
专题五 动词的分类
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分类 用法与例子
助
动
词 be
(am,is,are,was,were)
have(has,had)
do(does,did)
shall(should)
will(would) The bell is ringing.
铃正响着。(is帮助构成现在进行时态)
They do not go to school by bus.
他们不是乘公共汽车上学。(do帮助构成否定结构)
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专题五 动词的分类
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分类 用法与例子
情
态
动
词 英语中的情态动词
有:
can(could)
may(might)
must
should
need (一)情态动词的基本用法。
1.can
(1)表示能力,过去式为could,意为“能;会”,表
示客观上具有某种能力。
He can swim but he can't skate.他会游泳但不
会滑冰。
(2)表示许可,用法相当于may。
Can I speak to Tom? 我可以和汤姆通话吗?
续表
专题五 动词的分类
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分类 用法与例子
情
态
动
词 英语中的情态动词
有:
can(could)
may(might)
must
should
need 2.could
◇can 的过去式,当表示请求时,could 不表示过
去式,语气比can 更委婉。
Could/Can I ask you some questions? 我可以
问你一些问题吗?
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专题五 动词的分类
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分类 用法与例子
情
态
动
词 英语中的情态动词
有:
can(could)
may(might)
must
should
need 3.may/might
(1)may表示请求或许可,比can 正式,其过去
式为might。
May I have a look at your photo?我可以看看
你的照片吗?
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专题五 动词的分类
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分类 用法与例子
情
态
动
词 英语中的情态动词
有:
can(could)
may(might)
must
should
need (2)在回答带有may的一般疑问句时,肯定回
答用may/can,否定回答常用mustn't,表示“一定不
要;千万别”。否定回答也可以用can't。
—May I go shopping with Lily?我可以和莉莉
去购物吗?
—Yes,you can/may.可以。
或No,you mustn't.不,一定不要。
续表
专题五 动词的分类
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分类 用法与例子
情
态
动
词 英语中的情态动词
有:
can(could)
may(might)
must
should
need 4.must
(1)表示“必须”,强调说话人主观上的看法,表
示主观上的“必要”“一定”。
I must finish my homework on time.我必须按
时完成作业。
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专题五 动词的分类
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分类 用法与例子
情
态
动
词 英语中的情态动词
有:
can(could)
may(might)
must
should
need (2)在回答带有must的一般疑问句时,肯定回
答用must,否定回答用needn't/don't have to,表示
“不必”。
—Must I go now?我必须现在去吗?
—Yes,you must.是的。
或No,you needn't/don't have to.不,不必要。
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专题五 动词的分类
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分类 用法与例子
情
态
动
词 英语中的情态动词
有:
can(could)
may(might)
must
should
need 5.need
(1)作情态动词时,多用于疑问句和否定句,表
示“需要;必须”。
You needn't go to the hospital.你不必去医院。
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专题五 动词的分类
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分类 用法与例子
情
态
动
词 英语中的情态动词
有:
can(could)
may(might)
must
should
need (2)在回答带有need的一般疑问句时,肯定回
答用must,否定回答用needn't/don't have to。
—Need I go now?我现在需要去吗?
—Yes,you must.是的,你必须去。
或No,you needn't/don't have to.不,不需要。
续表
专题五 动词的分类
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分类 用法与例子
情
态
动
词 英语中的情态动词
有:
can(could)
may(might)
must
should
need 6.should
否定为shouldn't, 意为“应该”, 表示责任、义
务或推测,也可表示劝告或建议。
We should take an active part in protecting
the environment. 我们应该积极参与到保护环
境中。
续表
专题五 动词的分类
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分类 用法与例子
情
态
动
词 英语中的情态动词
有:
can(could)
may(might)
must
should
need (二)情态动词表示推测。
1.用于肯定推测的情态动词
(1)must表示较有把握的推测,意为“准是;一
定”。后接动词原形,表示对现在的推测。
—I've had no sleep for 48 hours.
我已经48小时没睡觉了。
—You must be very tired.
你一定很累了。
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专题五 动词的分类
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分类 用法与例子
情
态
动
词 英语中的情态动词
有:
can(could)
may(might)
must
should
need (2)may/might用于肯定句中,表示对现在把握
不大的推测,意为“也许;可能”。
Don't play with the knife. You may hurt
yourself.
不要玩小刀。你可能会伤害你自己。
续表
专题五 动词的分类
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分类 用法与例子
情
态
动
词 英语中的情态动词
有:
can(could)
may(might)
must
should
need 2.用于否定、疑问推测的情态动词
(1)can't/couldn't 表示否定推测,语气最强,指
“不可能”,带有惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。
He has gone to Beijing. He can't be at home.
他去北京了。他不可能在家。
续表
专题五 动词的分类
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分类 用法与例子
情
态
动
词 英语中的情态动词
有:
can(could)
may(might)
must
should
need (2)may not/might not 表示推测,语气不是很
肯定,意为“可能不;也许不”。
He may not/might not be at home.
他可能不在家。
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专题五 动词的分类
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单项选择。
1. —Bill, ________ I use your ruler?
—Of course you can. Here you are.(2024·北京)( )
A
A. can B. must C. need D. should
2. The public sign in the library means people ________ smoke
there. (2024·江苏)( )
D
A. could B. must C. couldn't D. mustn't
专题五 动词的分类
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3. —Dad, what are you cooking? It ________ so good!
—The main dish for our dinner. You will like it.(2024·天津)( )
A
A. smells B. tastes C. sounds D. feels
4. He ________ look at the stars every night, but now he does not.
(2024·安徽)( )
B
A. had better B. used to
C. is supposed to D. had to
专题五 动词的分类
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动词的辨析——动词中有很多的近义词,但其用法却不相
同,请注意以下几组近义词
hear
listen to hear听见,强调听的结果;listen to 听,强调动作的过程,不一
定能听见;
I listen to him carefully,but I can't hear anything.
专题五 动词的分类
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bring
take
fetch
carry bring意为“带来;拿来”。指从别处把物件拿到说话者的地
点;
take意为“带去;拿去”。与bring相反,指从说话人所在地把
某人或某物带去或拿走;
fetch意为“去然后拿来”,双程路;
carry意为“运载;搬动”。指的是随身携带,没有任何方向。
续表
专题五 动词的分类
考点梳理
hope
wish hope只有两种搭配:hope to do sth.,hope that+句子;
wish用法有wish to do sth.,wish sb.to do sth.,wish
sb.+n.(表祝愿)等。
learn
study learn表示通过学习、练习获得知识和技能,强调学会、得知;
study表示学习研究,即深入学习,还可作名词。
find
find out
look for find意为“找到”,强调结果;
find out表示通过调查、访问等努力发现事实、弄明真相;
look for意为“寻找”,强调动作。
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专题五 动词的分类
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say
tell
speak
talk say+说话内容;
tell+双宾语,tell sb.sth./tell sth.to sb., tell sb.(not) to do
sth.;
speak作不及物动词表动作,作及物动词时speak+语言;
talk可作动词或作名词,如talk with/to sb.,talk about
sth.,give sb.a talk。
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专题五 动词的分类
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look
see
watch
read look表示看的动作,词组有:look at,look up,look after,look
on … as;
see意为“看见;看到”,表示看的结果,如see sb.do/doing
sth.;
watch意为“观察;观看”,如watch a football match,watch
TV,watch sb.do/doing sth.;
read表示看、读,read a book/a novel。
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专题五 动词的分类
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spend
take
cost
pay spend主语是人,词组有:spend … on sth./spend … doing
sth.(花时间/金钱干某事);
take表示做某事花多少时间,句型为It takes sb.some time to
do sth.;
cost主语是物,表示某物花/值多少钱,句型为sth.cost
sb.money;
pay主语是人,表示花多少钱买某物,句型为sb.pay … for
sth.。
续表
专题五 动词的分类
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stop to do
stop doing stop to do sth.表示停下来去做另一件事;
stop doing sth.表示停下正在做的事情。
wear
dress
put on wear表示穿的状态,还可以表示戴饰物、花、手表、眼镜、
领带等, 意为“穿着、戴着”;
dress sb.意为“给某人穿衣服”,get dressed意为“穿上衣服”;
put on表示穿的动作,意为“穿上”。
续表
专题五 动词的分类
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be made of
be made
from be made of表示“用……制成”,可以看得出原材料;
be made from表示“用……制成”,看不出原材料是什么。
take place
happen take place 表示“发生;举行;举办”,一般指非偶然性事件的
“发生”,即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排;
happen意为“发生;碰巧”,一般用于偶然或突发性事件。
续表
专题五 动词的分类
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根据句子意思选词填空,注意使用单词的正确形式。
1. When you go out,_____ (bring/take/carry)the umbrella with you.
2. My mother often _____ with me. She often _____ ,“Come on,
dear. I'll support you forever.”(say/speak/talk/tell)
3. She _____ 200 yuan for the skirt last week. That is to say, this
skirt ______ her 200 yuan.(spend/pay/take/cost)
4. The little boy in blue can ______ (wear/put on /dress)himself
every morning.
take
talks
says
paid
costs
dress
专题五 动词的分类
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动词短语
1.动词相同类
break cut give take make
break
down
故障
break
into
闯入 cut down
砍倒,削减
cut up
切碎 give
away
赠送
give out
分发 take after
与……相像
take off
脱掉,起飞
take away
拿走 make friends
交朋友
make a call
打电话
make a noise
发出噪音
专题五 动词的分类
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break cut give take make
break in
插嘴
break out
爆发 cut off
切断 give up
放弃
give in
屈服 take out
拿出来
take the place
of
代替
take turns
轮流
take care of
照顾 make mistakes
犯错
make up one's mind
下决心
make a decision
做决定
make up
编造;打扮
续表
专题五 动词的分类
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put look turn get be
put away
收好
put on
穿上,上
演
put off
推迟 look at
看
look like
长得像
look after照
顾look over
检查 turn up
调高
turn
down
调低;
拒绝 get up
起床
get on
上车
get off
下车 be interested in
对……感兴趣
be famous for
因……出名
be worried about
担心
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专题五 动词的分类
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put look turn get be
put on
weight
增加体重
put out
扑灭 look around
环顾
look
through浏览
look for
寻找 turn on
打开
turn off
关闭 get along with
相处
get together
相聚
get to
到达 be responsible for
负责任
be fond of
喜欢
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专题五 动词的分类
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put look turn get be
put up
搭建;张
贴;举起 look up
查阅
look down
upon
看不起 turn
into
变成
turn out
结果是 get ready for
做准备
get close to
靠近
get over
克服 be proud of
为……感到自豪
be satisfied with
对……满意
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专题五 动词的分类
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2.介词/副词相同类
on up with for away
try on
试穿
hold on
坚持
depend
on
依赖;取
决于 grow up
成长
set up
建造
wake up
醒来;叫醒
fix up
修理 agree with
同意
compare with
对比
deal with
处理 wait for
等待
ask for
请求要……
provide … for
提供
pay for
支付 move
away
搬走
run
away
逃跑
专题五 动词的分类
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on up with for away
go on
继续
carry on
继续 show up
出现
hurry up
赶紧
stay up
熬夜 come up with
想出;提出
catch up with
赶上
share with
分享 send for
派人去叫
search for
搜索
stand for
代表 go away
走开
send
away
发送;
打发走
续表
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on up with for away
live on
靠……为
生
pass on
传递 use up
用完
dress up
打扮
take up
开始学;占
据 keep in touch
with
接触;保持联系
quarrel with
争吵
connect with
连接 care for
关心;在乎
prepare for
做准备
get ready for
做准备 throw
away
扔掉
pass
away
去世
续表
专题五 动词的分类
考点梳理
50
单句训练,词数不限。(盲填)
1. Please _____ off lights when you leave the room. Be a greener
person.
2. Let's ____ up the chicken and make some soup.
3. Thinking that her dream could never come true, Kelly was in low
spirits and _____ up her studies at school.
4. His serious illness never ____________________ him from living a
meaningful and colourful life.
turn
cut
gave
stopped/prevented/kept
专题五 动词的分类
考点梳理
51
小语篇训练。
During the summer vacation, Zhang Hua . .1. . the 16th Natural
English Competition, and at last he was listed in the top 10 and got
valuable experience. He never . .2. . to go that far.
1. ( ) A. took place B. took part in C. took up
B
2. ( ) A. expect B. expects C. expected
C
专题五 动词的分类
考点梳理
52
And he had never . .3. . standing that high on the stage. But at that moment,he was ready to challenge himself.
To . .4. . the competition, he practiced a three-minute speech again
and again and overcame stage fright(恐惧).
3. ( ) A. cared about B. thought about C. worried about
B
4. ( ) A. get B. choose C. prepare
C
专题五 动词的分类
考点梳理
53
One of his teammates, his good friend in his school, . .5. . him
lots of encouragement and advice during the competition. Her ideas . .6. .
new and powerful. She was like his coach, who showed him
how . .7. . for useful materials online and how to express his own ideas
clearly.
5. ( ) A. was given B. gives C. gave
C
6. ( ) A. were B. was C. be
A
7. ( ) A. searching B. to search C. search
B
专题五 动词的分类
考点梳理
54
Thanks to the competition and the help of his friend, he now
feels much . .8. . on stage and he isn't afraid of speaking in public any
more.
8. ( ) A. relaxed B. more relaxed C. most relaxed
B
专题五 动词的分类
考点梳理
55
一、语法选择。(共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)(2023 广
州华师附中三模改编)
Last week, I went to a supermarket. When I paid the bill and
passed . .1. . the door, the alarm suddenly started to ring. A young
guard ran towards me and took . .2. . to a small room, and I was so
afraid that I stopped at the door.
1. ( ) A. on B. through C. over
B
2. ( ) A. me B. I C. my
A
专题五 动词的分类
课堂小测
56
He shouted at me and . .3. . me to go into the room.
He closed the door. A sharp voice said in my ear, “Take out the
things you've stolen!” “I stole . .4. .,” I said.“Do as I tell you. When
we find them, you . .5. . in trouble.” “I didn't take anything,” I said,
taking everything out of my bag.
3. ( ) A. force B. forces C. forced
C
4. ( ) A. something B. anything C. nothing
C
5. ( ) A. is B. are C. will be
C
专题五 动词的分类
课堂小测
57
The guard came in and asked a salesgirl to examine me . .6. ..Of course, they found nothing. The young guard ordered me to pass through the door alarm again. To my surprise, it rang again. I didn't know how to prove myself. They made me . .7. . into the small room again.“Take out the stolen things quickly, . .8. . we will call the police.” they said.“OK, call the police. I'm not afraid.” I said.
6. ( ) A. carefully B. more carefully C. care
A
7. ( ) A. go B. goes C. went
A
8. ( ) A. but B. unless C. or
C
专题五 动词的分类
课堂小测
58
After a while, a salesgirl asked me to raise my feet. There was
a label(标签) on . .9. . bottom of my right shoe. That was the thing
made me in trouble. They apologized at once. What's more, they led
me out and said sorry to me in front of other customers. This made
me feel . .10. . than just now.
9. ( ) A. the B. an C. a
A
10. ( ) A. good B. better C. best
B
专题五 动词的分类
课堂小测
59
重点知识积累(英汉互译):
1. 对……大声叫喊________
2. in trouble____________
3. 害怕_________
4. to my surprise______________
shout at
处于困境中
be afraid
出乎我的意料
专题五 动词的分类
课堂小测
60
二、完形填空。(共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)(2024·安徽)
Pets aren't just a fun member of the family. They are also good
for your health and happiness.
People with pets are more likely to be . .11. .. Playing with a cat or
taking a dog for daily . .12. . around the garden gets you moving your
body, and out in the fresh air too.
11. ( ) A. active B. careful C. useful D. modern
A
12. ( ) A. tests B. talks C. showers D. walks
D
专题五 动词的分类
课堂小测
61
Spending time with your pet help you get . .13. .. Talking to your
pet about your worries can make you feel comfortable and helps you
feel . .14. .. When you're with your pet, you can let go of
problems . .15. . you give them your full attention.
13. ( ) A. tired B. touched C. relaxed D. bored
C
14. ( ) A. prouder B. better C. wiser D. cuter
B
15. ( ) A. even if B. as C. as if D. unless
B
专题五 动词的分类
课堂小测
62
Having an animal in the family helps you learn new . .16. ., like
how to teach them to understand orders, such as “Sit” or “Lie down”. .
.17. . games to play with them allows you to practice being creative.
16. ( ) A. skills B. languages C. cultures D. spirits
A
17. ( ) A. Watching B. Attending
C. Inventing D. Winning
C
专题五 动词的分类
课堂小测
63
Learning how to . .18. . pets, understanding what they want and making sure that they live . .19. ., teaches you to understand others' feelings. Pets can also help you get to know other dog owners on walks, or help you become . .20. . with them when you tell funny stories about your pets.
18. ( ) A. wake up B. search for
C. depend on D. look after
19. ( ) A. quietly B. happily C. lazily D. busily
20. ( ) A. friends B. relatives C. trainers D. members
D
B
A
专题五 动词的分类
课堂小测
64
重点知识积累(英汉互译):
1. 对……有好处____________
2. make sure ______
3. 允许某人做某事__________________
4. spend time with sh.________________
be good for
确保
allow sb.to do sth.
跟某人共度时光
专题五 动词的分类
课堂小测
65
66
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