Unit 2复习+语法代词讲义-2026年人教版(2012)九年级英语中考

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Unit 2 复习 语法(代词) 一、基础单词巩固 1.月饼________________________ 2.灯笼________________________ 3.陌生人______________________ 4.亲属;亲戚__________________ 5.磅(重量单位);____________ 6.增加;体重增加______________ 7.民间的;民俗的______________ 8.女神________________________ 9.偷;窃取____________________ 10.放置;安放;下(蛋)_______ 二、短语实战演练 1.与……相似____________________ 2.最终成为;最后处于____________ 3.穿上__________________________ 4.关心;在乎____________________ 5.前夕;前夜____________________ 6.分发;发放____________________ 7.使某人想起____________________ 8.结果__________________________ 9.乔装打扮成_____________________ 10.捉弄某人;开某人的玩笑________ 三、句型深度强化 1.我认为四月是泰国一年中最热的月份。   I believe that April is____________________ in Thailand. 2.泼水节多么有趣啊!   ____________________ the Water Festival is! 3.月饼就像满月。   Mooncakes ____________________ a full moon. 4.无论你是谁,你都不能长生不老。   ____________________ you are, you can't live forever. (二)句型转换 1.The Water Festival is really fun.(改为感叹句)   ____________________ the Water Festival is! 2.I think the races are not interesting.(改为同义句)   I____________________ the races are interesting. 3.Bill put on five pounds last month.(对划线部分提问)   ____________________ Bill put on five pounds? 4.She is so young that she can't go to school.(改为同义句)   She is____________________ go to school. 5.They will visit their grandparents next week.(改为一般疑问句)   ____________________ they____________________ their grandparents next week? 四、综合能力提升 The Development of Electric Cars Electric cars may seem like a recent invention, but they have been around for years. In the early 1900s, there were  1  electric cars on the road than gasoline(汽油) cars. Because at that time, gasoline was expensive compared with other fuels(燃料), electric cars were more popular.   When gasoline  2  dropped and new technologies on gasoline cars were developed, electric cars were out of date. Gasoline cars became more popular  3 , because they could go farther without stopping. During the 20th century, gasoline cars got bigger, heavier and faster. They needed more fuel, and it  4  more air pollution. For years, the car makers didn't worry about pollution. They didn't worry about how much gasoline cars used, either. But when people began to  5  that there was not enough oil on the earth, they asked car makers to produce more efficient(效率高的) and less polluting cars.   One  6  of solving the problem was a “hybrid” car(混合动力车), one that ran partly on gasoline and partly on electricity. Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s because gasoline prices went up while prices of hybrid cars went down.  An all-electric car uses no gasoline. The problem, however, is that car batteries(电池) need to be recharged(再充电). That makes electric cars not so  7  for long journeys. Many people are not pleased with it. The government and car makers are working together to  8  safe, cheap and useful electric cars. When more and more people have these electric cars in the future, gasoline stations may disappear.  1.A.fewer B.more C.faster D.bigger 2.A.prices B.places C.stations D.keepers 3.A.instead B.still C.yet D.forever 4.A.pushed B.controlled C.caused D.wasted 5.A.imagine B.start C.keep D.realize 6.A.method B.person C.article D.style 7.A.different B.suitable C.delicious D.calm 8.A.describe B.develop C.forget D.protect 阅读问答 China has its first Nobel Prize in Science. And the winner, 93-year-old Chinese scientist Tu Youyou, also became the first Chinese woman to win the Nobel Prize. Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with William C. Campbell, an Irish-born researcher, and Satoshi Omura from Japan. Half of the prize was given to William C.Campbell and Satoshi Omura for their new treatment against illness caused by parasites(寄生虫). Tu Youyou won the other half of the prize for developing a medicine called Artemisinin(青蒿素), which can help people fight malaria(疟疾). According to the WHO(World Health Organization), millions of people have benefited from the medicine. Tu Youyou started her research in 1969 when she was chosen as the director of a government project to find anti-malaria medicine. She and her workmates studied ancient Chinese medicine books and many different traditional treatments. They did hundreds of experiments before they finally succeeded in getting Qinghaosu, later known as Artemisinin, in the 1970s. This medicine later became the standard and most effective treatment for malaria, according to a WHO report. Although it's a late honor for Tu and the world's recognition of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tu's winning the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has made Chinese scientists encouraged and confident to achieve more success in the future. 1.How many scientists won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine? __________________________________________________________ 2.Why did Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize? __________________________________________________________ 3.How did Tu Youyou and her workmates do the research? __________________________________________________________ 4.What do you think of Tu Youyou? Why? __________________________________________________________ Unit 2复习 语法(代词) 第 页 共 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 第2章 代词 概念:代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。代词在英语中的使用是很频繁的,这是因为在英语语言习惯中,第二次提到一些名词时,一般用代词代替这些名词。 英语中的代词,按其意义、特征以及在句子中的作用可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、不定代词、疑问代词和关系代词。 一、人称代词 1.人称代词概述 人称代词是指代人、动物或事物的代词,如表示“我”“你”“他”“她”“它”“我们”“你们”“他们”的词。 人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,详见下表: 数 格 人称 单数 复数 主格 所有格 宾格 主格 所有格 宾格 第一人称 I my me we our us 第二人称 you your you you your you 第三人称 he she it his her its him her it they their them 2.人称代词的基本用法 She is my friend.(她是我的朋友) It’s me.(是我) My baby likes him very much.(我家宝宝非常喜欢他) (1)人称代词作主语(用主格) I like playing basketball.(我喜欢打篮球) She is a good student.(她是个好学生) 注意:如果有几个不同的人称同时作主语,且用and,or连接,人称的习惯顺序是: 单数:you,he and I 复数:we,you and they 若是表示做错事,承担责任时,有时说话的人会把I(我)放在第一位。 A:Who broke the window?(谁打碎了窗户玻璃?) B:I and Li Ming.(我和李明) (2)人称代词作表语 A.人称代词作表语,在口语中常用宾格。 A:Who is there?(是谁啊?) B:It’s me.(是我) B.人称代词作表语,若其后跟有who或that引导的从句,则可用主格,表示强调。 It was I who did the cake for my mother.(是我为妈妈做的蛋糕。) 切记:I一定要大写 无论放在句首、句中或句尾,I(我)都要大写。 She is more excellent than I.(她比我更优秀。) (3)人称代词作宾语(用宾格) Do you know her?(你认识她吗?) Come with me.(跟我来。) I saw him in the supermarket.(我在超市看到他了。) 3.人称代词的特殊用法 It will snow tomorrow.(明天会下雪。) They drink wine at meals in France.(法国人吃饭时喝葡萄酒。) (1)it的特殊用法 A.一般情况下,it表示人以外的动物或东西,是单数名词的代词,译为“它”。 A:Where is you bike?(你的自行车在哪儿?) B:It is over there.(它在那边。) 补充:it有时也可指人 It’s me.Open the door,please.(是我,请开门。) B.指天气、时间、距离等时,可用it来代替,此时it并不译为“它”,而是作为无实际含义的主语,构成无人称句。 指天气:It was raining this morning.(今天上午一直在下雨。) 指气候:It’s warm in this room.(这个房间很暖和。) 指时间:A:What time is it?(几点了?)B:It’s ten thirty.(十点半了。) 指距离:A:How far is it from here to the bank?(从这儿到银行有多远?) B:It’s about three miles.(大约三英里。) (2)we,you,they的特殊用法 we,you,they有时并非指特定的人,不必译出“我们”“你们”“他们”。 We had a heavy snow yesterday.(昨天下了一场大雪。) You don’t see many foreigners there.(在那儿,人们见不到很多外国人。) They speak English in Canada.(在加拿大,人们说英语。) 说明:they用来表示泛指 此句中的They用来泛指,但不泛指一切人,而指不包括说话人在内的那些“人们”。 二、物主代词 1.物主代词概述 表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词,也可叫代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。 物主代词人称和数的变化见下表: 数 人称 种类 单数 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 形容词性 物主代词 my your his her its our your their 名词性 物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 2.物主代词的基本用法 Olivia is my foreign teacher.(奥利维亚是我的外教。) A:Is that car yours?(那辆车是你的吗?)B:Yes,it’s mine.(是的,是我的。) (1)形容词性物主代词只可作定语 形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用,在句中只能作定语。换句话中,形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词。 I like his car.(我喜欢他的车。) 补充:形容词性物主代词+名词 “形容词性物主代词+名词”可改写为名词性物主代词。 This is her doll.=This doll is hers.(这是她的玩具娃娃。) (2)名词性物主代词可作主语 Our house is here,and theirs is there.(我们的房子在这儿,他们的在那儿。) (3)名词性物主代词可作表语 A:Whose car is this?(这是谁的车?)B:It’s hers(=her car).(是她的。) A:Is that car yours?(那辆车是你的吗?)B:Yes,it’s mine.(是的,它是我的。) (4)名词性物主代词可作宾语 Let’s clean their room first and ours(=our room) later. (先打扫他们的房间,再打扫我们的。) I have lost my dictionary.Would you please lend me yours? (我的字典丢了,请把你的借给我好吗?) 注意: 句型:a/an/this/that/some/no等+名词+of+名词性所有格 They like this lovely child of yours.(他们喜欢你家的小宝贝。) A friend of ours is coming soon.(我们的一个朋友马上就来。) That watch of hers is beautiful.(她的那块表很漂亮。) 比较:形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的区别: This is my book.(这是我的书。) 形容词性物主代词 名词(my后面必须加名词) This book is mine.(这本书是我的。) 名词 名词性物主代词(mine后面不可加名词) 三、指示代词 1.指示代词概述 表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”等指示概念的代词叫指示代词。指示代词有this,that,these,those等。 this 复数形式是these 是指在时间上或空间上离说话的人较近的人或物 that 复数形式是those 是指在时间上或空间上离说话的人较远的人或物 2.指示代词的基本用法 指示代词在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。 This is my doll.That is Mary’s.(这是我的洋娃娃,那是玛丽的。) (1)指示代词作主语 This is a good idea.(这是个好主意。)=This idea is good.(这个主意不错。) (2)指示代词作表语 What he wants is that/this.(他想要的是那个/这个。) (3)指示代词作宾语 You like this but I like that.(你喜欢这个,而我却喜欢那个。) (4)指示代词作定语 What is the use of those books?(那些书有什么用处呢?) 3.指示代词的特殊用法 The history of China is as interesting as that of America. (中国的历史和美国的历史一样有趣。) Did you know this?(你知道这件事吗?) (1)that,those的替代 为了避免重复,可用that,those代替前面提到过的事物,但是this,these一般不可用于这种代替。 The weather in Kunming is better than that(=the weather) in Beijing.(北京的天气不如昆明好。) The radios made in Shanghai are as good as those(=the radios) made in Tianjin. (上海生产的收音机和天津生产的一样好。) His interest are different from those(=the interests) of his childhood. (他的兴趣和童年时代不同了。) 说明:A is different from B in...表示“A与B在……方面不同”。 She is different from her twin sister in character. 她和她的双胞胎妹妹性格不同。 (2)this,that的替代 this,that有时可代替句子或句中的一部分。 She was ill.That’s why she didn’t come here. 她病了,那就是她没来这儿的原因。 (这句话中的that作主语,代替前面讲到的原因,即:She was ill.) He broke the window,and that cost him 15 dollars. 他打破了窗玻璃,那(打破玻璃这件事)花费了他15美元。 补充:this和these一般用来指下面将要讲到的事物。 Don’t be too excited when you hear this.(听了这个你不要激动。) 四、反身代词 1.反身代词概述 表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”“我们自己”“你们自己”和“他们自己”等的代词,叫反身代词(有些语法书也称为“自身代词”)。 2.反身代词的种类 英语中反身代词由人称代词或物主代词加后缀-self或-selves构成,有人称和数的变化。 详见下表: 数 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves 3.反身代词的用法 You may go and ask the teacher himself.(你可以去问老师本人。) Gloria learned how to protect herself in diving.(格洛丽亚学会了如何在潜水时保护自己。) (1)反身代词作同位语 反身代词用作同位语以加强语气,表示强调“本人,自己”,在句中的位置较灵活。 He cooked it himself.=He himself cooked it.(他自己做的饭。) I spoke to the boss himself.(我是对老板本人讲的。) (2)反身代词作宾语 反身代词作宾语表示动作返回到动作执行者本身,即主语和宾语是指同一个或同一些人或物。 Jane saw herself in the mirror.(简在镜子中看见了她自己。) (3)介词+反身代词 Lucy said to herself, “Where am I?”(露西自言自语道:“我在哪儿呢?”) I went to the supermarket by himself.(我一个人去超市了。) (意思是“我独自一个人在没有别人的帮助下去的那儿”。by oneself相当于alone或without help) 比较:I went to the supermarket myself.(我亲自去的超市。) (强调不需要别人去,我自己去的) 注意:反身代词的构成 第一、二人称是:形容词性物主代词+self(或selves) myself yourself ourselves yourselves 第三人称是:人称代词的宾格+self(或selves) himself herself itself themselves 切记:反身代词短语 say to oneself 心里想着;自言自语 by oneself 独自地;独立 for oneself 为自己 五、相互代词 1.相互代词的形式 相互代词表示一个动作在它所涉及的各个对象间是相互存在的。 相互代词 主格/宾格 所有格 each other each other each other’s one another one another one another’s 2.相互代词的用法 (1)相互代词作宾语 We help each other/one another.(我们互相帮助。) Don’t talk to each other/one another.(不要互相说话。) 补充:在当代英语中,each other和one another都指代两个或两个以上的人或物,可以互换使用。 Tom and Paul are passing to each other.(汤姆和保罗正在互相传球。) 说明:each other是介词to的宾语。 We don’t often see each other now.(我们现在不常见面了。) 注意:有些中文在字面上没有“互相”“彼此”等字,但译成英语时需要用each other(互相、彼此)。 (2)所有格形式作定语 We should point out each other’s/one another’s shortcomings. (我们应该指出彼此的缺点。) They know each other’s favourite(s).(他们了解彼此的爱好。) 六、不定代词 1.不定代词概述 不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。常见的不定代词有all,both,each,every,some,any,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,one,ones,either,neither,other,another,no,none以及含有some-,any-,no-等的复合不定代词(如:something,anybody,nobody)。 这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。但是none和由some-,any-,no-,every+thing/body/one构成的复合不定代词(如somebody等)只能作主语、宾语或表语。 2.one的用法 one具有名词和形容词性质,表示“一个”的意思;既可指人,也可指物。one在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 数 单数 复数 人称 物主代词 反身代词 one ones one’s oneself (1)one和ones的一般用法 One(指人,作主语)should try one’s best to serve the people. (一个人应该尽最大努力为人民服务。) A:Look at that boy!(看那个男孩!) B:Which one(指人)? A:The one(指人)wearing a blue sweater.(穿着蓝色毛衣的那个。) Which boxes are bigger,these ones(指物,=these boxes)or those ones(指物)? (哪些盒子更大一些,这些还是那些?) I’ve been looking for a pencil,but I can’t find one(指物,作宾语). (我一直在找一支铅笔,可是找不到。) One(主语)should not praise oneself(宾语). (人不应该炫耀自己。) (2)one和ones用来代替 one和ones可用来代替前面出现过的可数名词(单数或复数),以避免重复。 A:Look!There are many pictures.(看!有很多幅画。) B:Which one(=picture) do you like best?(你最喜欢哪一幅?) B:Which ones(=pictures) do you like best?(你最喜欢哪几幅?) 补充:one和ones指的都是同类异物。one代替单数,ones代替复数。 A:Do you have a USB disk?(你有U盘吗?) B:Yes,I have one.(是的,我有一个。) This cup is dirty;please give me another one. (这个杯子不干净,请给我另外一个。) I like small cars better than large ones. (我喜欢小型汽车胜过喜欢大型汽车。) (3)one和ones的修饰词 one的前面可用the,this,that,which等词修饰,同时one和ones还可以用形容词来修饰。 There are three packs,which one is yours,this one or that one or the one in the trunk? (这儿有三个背包,哪一个是你的?这个,那个,还是在后备箱里的那个?) I have an old bike,and she has a new one.(我有辆旧自行车,她有辆新的。) The highlighter is blue.Will you please give me a red one? (这支荧光笔是蓝色的。请给我一支红色的好吗?) The highlighters are blue.Will you please pass me some red ones? (这些荧光笔是蓝色的。请递给我几支红色的好吗?) (4)关于one的注意事项 A.数词one指数字“一”,代词one代替前面提到过的人或物。 I have one(数词)present,but she has three.It’s unfair. (我有一个礼物,但是她有三个。这不公平。) This is not the one(代词)I want.(这不是我想要的那一个。) B.it,one和that在用法上的不同 (1)it用来指特定的东西,复数形式用they或them。 A:May I use your basketball?(我可以用你的篮球吗?) B:Sure,you can use it(=the basketball).(当然,你用吧。) 补充:it只能用来指物,它所指的特定东西是前面提到过的某物,即指代的是同类同物。 A:May I use your books?(我可以用你的书吗?) B:Sure,you can use them(=the books).(当然,你用吧。) 说明:sure还可以用of course或certainly替换。 (2)one代替前面提到过的人或物,不表示特指,特指需加限定词the,this等。 A:Can you lend me your pen?(能把你的钢笔借给我吗?) B:I’m sorry,I haven’t got one(不特指).(很抱歉,我没有。) 说明:one=a pen,是泛指一支钢笔,是同类(钢笔)但不同物。 A:Which one does she prefer?(她喜欢哪一个?) B:This one(特指)on the right.(右边的那个。) (3)that代表一个对等部分,复数形式用those。 The weather in Beijing is colder than that(=the weather) in Guangzhou. (北京的天气比广州要寒冷。) 注意:此句中的weather是不可数名词,只能用单数that。 C.one的各种形式 one的所有格形式是one’s,反身代词是oneself,但只有当one作主语时,句子中才能使用one’s或oneself。 One must do one’s duty.(人必须尽自己的职责。) One should look after oneself.(人应该自己照顾自己。) 3.some,any,no及其合成词的用法 I have some money in my pocket,but it is not enough.Do you have any? (我口袋里有一些钱,但不够。你还有些吗?) (1)some,any的基本用法 some,any可与单、复数可数名词和不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句中,译为“一些”;any一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。 I have some story books.(我有一些故事书。) There is some milk in the glass.(杯子里有一些牛奶。) You can ask me if you have any questions. =You can ask me if you have some questions.(条件句) (你有任何问题,都可以问我。) 说明:在条件句中用any,some都可以。 I haven’t any money.(=I have no money.) Do you have any?(我一分钱都没有了,你有吗?) There aren’t any lemons on the table. =There are no lemons on the table.(桌子上没有柠檬。) I don’t want any of you to get lost.(我不想让你们任何一个人走失。) 补充:not...any=no...。any在否定句、疑问句中不必译出来。 (2)由some,any构成的合成词的用法 I have something important(形容词)to tell you.(我有重要的事告诉你。) There isn’t anything wrong(形容词)with the computer.(这台电脑一点儿毛病也没有。) He doesn’t know anything about it. =He knows nothing about it.(关于这件事,他什么都不知道。) Anybody can do it.(任何人都可以做这件事。) (anybody在肯定句中加强了语气,意为“不论谁,任何人”) 注意:something,anything,nothing有形容词修饰时,形容词要放在它们的后面。 (3)some,any的特殊用法 A.在疑问句中,一般不用some。 只有当问句表示一种邀请或者请求,或期待一个肯定的回答时才能用some。 Will you have some coffee?(你想喝咖啡吗?)表示邀请 Would you like some more coffee?(你们还要些咖啡吗?)表示邀请 Haven’t you forgotten something?(你难道没忘记什么事吗?) 这表示问者肯定知道被问者忘了什么东西,所以用something Did somebody call me this morning?(今天上午有人给我打电话吧?) 这表示问者猜测或确定应该有人打过电话来找自己 重要:something,anything等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Has anything happened to her during the war?(战争中她出什么事了吗?) Something is wrong with the TV set.(电视机出毛病了。) 比较:Is there anything to eat?(有什么吃的吗?)不知道有没有,只是问一问 Is there something to eat?(有一些吃的吧?)希望有,而且断定会有 B.在否定句中,some表示部分否定,any表示全部否定。 He doesn’t know some of you.(他只认识你们中的一些人。)表示他不全认识你们 He doesn’t know any of you.(他不认识你们。)表示全都不认识 重要:some和any不能直接与人称代词连用,需要先加介词of,再跟人称代词宾格。 C.some用于单数可数名词前时,表示“某个”,而不是“一些”。 This morning some girl asked for you.(今天上午,有个女孩要求见你。) There must be some reason for what she’s done.(她做这些事,肯定有某种原因。) I was reading when suddenly someone knocked at the door. (我正在看书,突然有人敲门。) 补充:some在此处表示未知的或说话者不特别说明的人或物。 (4)no,none及由no构成的合成词的用法 4.other,another的用法 数 种类 单数 复数 泛指 another=an other other boys others 特指 the other the other boys =the rest boys the others =the rest 功能 作主语、宾语、定语 作定语 作主语、宾语 搭配 one...the other... some...other+n. some...the others... (1)other和the other的用法 A.the other作主语、宾语 the other表示两个中的一个,常与one连用,即“one...the other...”。 He has two pairs of sneakers;one is Nike shoes,(and) the other is Adidas. (他有两双运动鞋,一双是耐克鞋,另一双是阿迪达斯的。) There are only two baseball caps left.I don’t like this one.Will you please show me the other? (只剩下两个棒球帽了。我不喜欢这一个,请给我另一个好吗?) B.“other+名词”相当于others,意为“别的……”。 What other things(=others) can you see?(你还看见了什么?) Some boys are reading books,other boys(=others) are watching TV. (有的男孩在看书,有的在看电视。)表示可能还有一些在干别的 Last Wednesday,some students went to the Great Wall,other students(=others) stayed at home. (上周三,一些同学去了长城,一些同学呆在家里。) 表示可能还有一些同学既没去长城,也没呆在家里,而是在进行其他活动 C.“the other+名词”相当于the others,意为“其余的……”,相当于the rest。 There are thirty students in our class.Twenty are girls.The other students(=The others) are boys. (我们班有三十名学生,二十名是女孩,其余的是男孩。) 说明:只有男孩或女孩两种选择,所以只能用the other+名词(=the others)。 D.“other+名词”与“the other+名词”的用法比较 Some of the colour pencils are red.The others(=The other colour pencils) are blue. (有些彩色铅笔是红的,其余的都是蓝的。) the others表示除了红和蓝,没有别的颜色 Some of the pencils are orange,others(=other pencils) are blue. (有些铅笔是橘色的,还有一些是蓝色的。) others表示可能还有一些笔是别的颜色,如绿色、黄色等 He may fall behind the other students(=the others/the rest) when he comes back. (当他回来时,他可能落在最后面了。) 表明他可能落在其他所有同学的后面,是最后一名了 He may fall behind other students(=others) when he comes back. (当他回来时,他可能落在后面了。) 表明他只是落后,不一定是最后一名 There are thirty students in our class.Twenty are from Beijing.Others are from Shanghai. (我们班有三十名学生,其中二十名来自北京,还有来自上海的。) 暗示其余十名学生不只是来自上海,还可能来自南京、杭州等 There are thirty students in our class.Twenty are from Beijing.The others are from Shanghai. (我们班有三十名学生,其中二十名来自北京,其余的全来自上海。) 暗示其余的十名学生全都来自上海 Eight of us have passed the test.The others haven’t. (我们之中八人考试及格,其余的人都没及格。) 只有及格、不及格两种可能 (2)another的用法 another(=an other)意为“别的、另一个”,泛指众多中的一个,可单独使用,也可后接单数名词或代词one,前面不能加定冠词。 This book is too difficult for him.Will you please give him another(定语)one(=another book)? (这本书对他而言太难了,可以给他另一本吗?) 补充:有时another可用在“数词+复数名词”前,译为“再、又”。 You may stay for another three days.(你可以再住三天。) I don’t like this one.Show me another(宾语). (我不喜欢这个,给我看看另一个好吗?) I got three books:one is a dictionary,another(主语)is a grammar book,and the third is a self-help book.(我买了三本书,一本是字典,另一本是语法书,还有一本是励志书。) (3)another与the other的用法比较 another是指“许多中的另外一个”,而the other是指“两个或两部分中的另外一个或另外一部分”。 They all looked at a big and noisy machine in another corner of the machine shop. (他们都看着在机车车间的另一个角落里的一个体积大而且噪音大的机器。) 因为房间里有两个以上的角落,所以用another corner表示其中的任意一个 Now China can send its TV and radio programmes to the other side of the world. (如今中国能够把电视及电台的节目发送到地球的另一边去。) 此句中指只有两边,从这一边发射到另一边,用the other side It’s another way of saying fast.(这是另外一种说得快的方法。) 指有许多说得快的方法,不止两种,这只是其中的一种,所以用another Make new friends but keep the old.One is silver and the other is gold. (结识新朋友,不忘老朋友。一方是银,另一方是金。) 指新老两种朋友,所以只能用the other 5.all,both的用法 All of us went to the movies.(我们都去看电影了。) Both of my parents are healthy.(我的父母都很健康。) (1)all的用法 all代表或修饰三个或三个以上的人或事物,all也可以代表或修饰不可数名词,可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语。 All(主语)of us like to eat apples. 注意:“all of+人称代词宾格”中的of不能省略,即all的后面不能直接跟人称代词。 =We all(同位语)like to eat apples.(我们所有的人都喜欢吃苹果。) All(主语)the oil has been used up.(所有的油都用完了。) oil是不可数名词 You haven’t eaten all(宾语)(of) the ice cream.(你的冰淇淋还没有吃完。) (2)both的用法 both是指“两者都……”,可以作主语、宾语、同位语和定语。 Both(主语)of his children have blue eyes.(他的两个孩子都是蓝眼睛。) They both(同位语)want to go to the zoo.(他们俩都想去动物园。) 注意:all,both的位置和频度副词一样,要放在be动词、情态动词及助动词后;如有多个助动词,则放在第一个助动词之后、行为动词(实义动词)之前。 The all/both went there.(他们几个/两个都去那里了。) They were all waiting outside the gate.(他们几个都在大门外等着。) They were both waiting outside the gate.(他们两个都在大门外等着。) 6.each,every的用法 each的用法 every的用法 可修饰人或物 与each相同 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 (作同位语时除外) 与each相同 指两个或两个以上中的一个 指两个(不含两个)以上中的一个 侧重于个体、个别(含义) 侧重于全体,意思上等同于all 可单独使用,作定语时后面要用单数 不可单独使用,后面必须加名词(只能在句中作定语),名词用单数 可以和of连用 不可以和of连用,但every one(分开写)可以和of连用 可作同位语、主语、宾语 只能作定语,后面必须跟名词单数 没有合成词 与one/body/thing组成合成词,合成词可作主语、宾语、表语,但不能作定语,即合成词后不能加名词,作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式 (⚪)He has balls on each hand.(他的每个手中都有球。) 人有两只手,只能用each (×)He has balls on every hand. There are flowers on each/every side of the square.(广场的四周都是花。) 广场有四边,所以用each,every都可以,side要用单数 There are many trees on each side of the street.(街道两侧有许多树。) 因为街只有两边,所以只能用each,不能用every 7.either,neither,both的用法 (1)either,neither,both的基本用法 either,neither和both在句中都可以作主语、宾语和定语。用法详见下表: either 指两者中的任意一个 这三个词都可用于两者之间,都可指人与物 neither 指两者中没有一个,表示全部否定 both 指两者都,表示肯定 Either of the movies is good.(两部电影中任何一部都不错。) Neither of the movies is good.(两部电影都不好。) Both of the movies are good.(两部电影都好。) (either,neither和both作主语) You can write to either of us.(你可以给我们两个人中的任意一个人写信。) You can write to neither of us.(你不能给我们两个人中的任何一个人写信。) You can write to both of us.(你可以给我们两个人都写信。) (either,neither和both作宾语) Either teacher often answers the questions.(这两个老师中的任何一个都常常解答问题。) Neither teacher often answers the questions.(这两个老师都不经常解答问题。) Both teachers often answer the questions.(这两个老师都常常解答问题。) (either,neither和both作定语) 比较:作定语时的区别 neither和either后面的名词用单数,谓语动词也用单数形式。 both后面的名词用复数,谓语动词也用复数形式。 代词 用法 both either neither 含义 两者都(肯定) 两者之中的任意一个 两者都不(全部否定) 作主语时的谓语动词 用复数形式 用单数形式 用单数形式 作定语修饰名词时 名词要用复数 名词要用单数 名词要用单数 常用搭配 both...and... either...or... neither...nor... I have two sisters.Both(=Both sisters) are doctors.(我有两个姐姐,她们俩都是医生。) I have two sisters.Either is a doctor.(我有两个姐姐,其中一个是医生。) I have two sisters.Neither is a doctor.(我有两个姐姐,她们俩都不是医生。)(否定句) Neither cup is clean,is it?(两个杯子没有一个是干净的,不是吗?) 说明:前半部分是否定句,因此反意疑问句要用肯定形式。 Both my brother and your sister have passed the exam. (我哥哥和你姐姐(他们两个)都通过了考试。) Either my brother or your sister has passed the exam. (不是我哥哥就是你姐姐考试及格了。) (表示他们之中的一个考试及格) Neither my brother nor your sister has passed the exam. (我哥哥和你姐姐(他们两个)都没通过考试。) The coats were either too big or too small.(外套不是太大就是太小了。) He was neither very big nor very strong.(他既不高大也不强壮。) 重要:both...and,either...or和neither...nor是固定搭配,后面两个固定搭配的谓语动词符合就近原则。 (2)either,neither,both,all,none的区别 either,neither,both,all,none的用法详见下表: both,either,neither 用于二者之间 all,any,none 用于三者或三者以上之间 both,all 表示肯定。后如跟名词,要跟复数名词,谓语动词也用复数形式 neither,none 表示全部否定 neither,either 如跟名词,要跟单数名词,谓语动词也用单数形式 Neither of them is right.(他们两个都不对。) Either of them is right.(他们两个之中任何一个人都是对的。) Both of them are right.(他们两个都对。) All of the are right.(他们全对。) None of them are right.(他们全不对。) 切记:all与none的用法一样,后跟单数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式;后跟复数名词时,谓语动词用复数。 8.many,much,a lot,a few,few,a little,little many,much,a lot,a few,few,a little,little等不定代词都可以表示数量,并且都可以修饰名词。 many 只能和复数可数名词连用 可作主语、宾语、表语和定语 much 只能和不可数名词连用 主要用于否定句和疑问句中 a few(肯定) few(否定) 只能和可数名词连用 可作主语、宾语、定语等 a little(肯定) little(否定) 只能和不可数名词连用 可作主语、宾语、定语等 比较:many/a lot (of),a few,few修饰可数名词;much/a lot (of),a little,little修饰不可数名词。 many,much/a lot (of),a few,a little表示肯定的意思;few,little组成的句子在形式上是肯定的,不能再加否定词not,但在语法上它们属于否定句,表示否定的意思。 many/a lot (of)许多 much/a lot (of)许多 a few=some but not many一些 few=nearly no几乎没有 a little=some but not much一点儿 little=nearly nothing几乎没有 many和much主要用于疑问句和否定句中,在肯定句中多用a lot (of)或lots of。 We saw many old things on show in glass-topped tables. =We saw a lot of/lots of old things on show in glass-topped tables. (我们在观赏台的玻璃罩中看到很多古老的东西。) (肯定句中多用a lot of或lots of而少用many) 七、疑问代词和关系代词 Who/Whom are you waiting for?(你在等谁?) The student who/that came first is Mary.(第一个来的学生是玛丽。) 说明:例1中的who/whom是用来指代人的疑问代词,构成特殊疑问句,在句中作主语。例2中的关系代词who/that引导定语从句。 (1)疑问代词 疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等,在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。 疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)。 (2)关系代词 关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which用来引导定语从句。 课后练习: 1. A: ______ pencil-box is this, Patrick? B: It’s ______. A. Whose… mine B. Who’s… mine C. Whose…my D. Who’s…my 1. The twins corrected the mistakes on the test papers ______. A. them B. themselves C. him D. himself 1. Miss Brown will teach ______ English next term. A. us B. we C. our D. ours 1. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than ______. A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs 1. When Yang Liwei came back from space, many reporters interviewed ______ and got some first-hand information. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 1. Zhang Yining is ______ favorite table tennis player. A. I B. me C. my D. mine 1. Please keep the park clean when you enjoy ______ there. A. your B. you C. yours D. yourselves 1. David talked with a friend of ______ on the Internet for a long time yesterday. A. he B. his C. him D. himself 1. ______ of us has read the story. A. Some B. Both C. All D. None 1. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; ____ like ball games. A. the others B. others C. the other D. other 1. There are many highrises on ______ side of Huaihai Road. What a magnificent view! A. either B. neither C. both D. all 1. Not long ago, our country sent up a rocket with two small satellites into space. One weighed 204kilos and ______, 25kilos. A. another B. other C. others D. the other 1. Liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world-famous sports stars. ______ of them have set a good example to us. A. All B. Neither C. Both D. None 1. Mr Smith is quite busy today. He has ______ meetings to attend. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few 1. Obey the traffic rules and learn to protect yourself. ______ is more important than life. A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything 1. I’ve got two tickets for tonight’s concert. One is for me, ______ is for you. A. other B. the other C. others D. another 1. ______ engineers and workers are helping to rebuild the damaged city. A. Many B. Much C. A little D. A lot 1. I knocked on the door several times but ______ answered, so I left. A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody 答案: 一、基础单词巩固 (一)汉译英 1.月饼 mooncake 2.灯笼 lantern 3.陌生人 stranger 4.亲属;亲戚 relative 5.磅(重量单位);英镑(英国货币单位) pound 6.增加;体重增加 put on 7.民间的;民俗的 folk 8.女神 goddess 9.偷;窃取 steal 10.放置;安放;产(卵);下(蛋) lay 二、短语实战演练 (一)汉译英 1.与……相似 be similar to 2.最终成为;最后处于 end up 3.穿上 put on 4.关心;在乎 care about 5.前夕;前夜 eve 6.分发;发放 give out 7.使某人想起 remind sb. of 8.结果 as a result 9.乔装打扮成 dress up as 10.捉弄某人;开某人的玩笑 play a trick on sb. 三、句型深度强化 (一)汉译英 1.我认为四月是泰国一年中最热的月份。   I believe that April is the hottest month in Thailand. 2.泼水节多么有趣啊!   How fun the Water Festival is! 3.月饼就像满月。   Mooncakes are like a full moon. 4.无论你是谁,你都不能长生不老。   Whoever you are, you can't live forever. (二)句型转换 1.The Water Festival is really fun.(改为感叹句)   How fun the Water Festival is! 2.I think the races are not interesting.(改为同义句)   I don't think the races are interesting. 3.Bill put on five pounds last month.(对划线部分提问)   When did Bill put on five pounds? 4.She is so young that she can't go to school.(改为同义句)   She is too young to go to school. 5.They will visit their grandparents next week.(改为一般疑问句)   Will they visit their grandparents next week? 四、综合能力提升 [语篇解读]本文主要介绍了小汽车不断创新的演变过程。 1.B根据下文中的“electric cars were more popular”可知,当时电动汽车更受欢迎。由此推知,当时路上电动汽车的数量比汽油车多。故选B。 2.Aprice价格;place地位;station站;keeper看守人。句意:当汽油价格下跌以及汽油车的新技术被开发出来时,电动汽车就过时了。故选A。 3.Ainstead反而;still仍然;yet迄今;forever永远。句意:汽油车反而变得更受欢迎,因为它们可以在不停车的情况下跑得更远。故选A。 4.Cpush推;control控制;cause导致;waste浪费。句意:它们需要更多的燃料,这导致了更多的空气污染。故选C。 5.Dimagine想象;start开始;keep保持;realize意识到。句意:但当人们开始意识到地球上没有足够的石油时,他们要求汽车制造商生产更高效、污染性更小的小汽车。故选D。 6.Amethod方法;person人;article文章;style方式。句意:解决这个问题的其中一种方法是“混合动力”汽车。故选A。 7.Bdifferent不同的;suitable合适的;delicious美味的;calm冷静的。根据上文中的“car batteries need to be recharged”可知,电动汽车的电池需要充电,所以电动汽车不适合长途旅行。故选B。 8.Bdescribe描述;develop开发;forget忘记;protect保护。句意:政府和汽车制造商正在合作开发安全、廉价且实用的电动汽车。故选B。 阅读问答: [语篇解读]本文主要介绍了中国第一位获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的科学家屠呦呦和她的同事们发现青蒿素并得到国际认可的过程。 1.Three.根据第二段中的“Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel Prize...and Satoshi Omura from Japan.”可知,屠呦呦与一名爱尔兰科学家和一名日本科学家一起获得了2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。 2.For developing a medicine called Artemisinin, which can help people fight malaria.根据第二段中的“Tu Youyou won the other half of the prize for developing a medicine called Artemisinin, which can help people fight malaria.”可知,屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖是因为她发现了可以帮助人们对抗疟疾的青蒿素。 3.They studied ancient Chinese medicine books and many different traditional treatments, and did hundreds of experiments.根据第三段中的“She and her workmates studied...in the 1970s.”可知,屠呦呦和她的同事们研究了中国古代医学书籍和许多不同的传统治疗方法,做了数百次实验,最终成功发现了青蒿素。 4.She is a great/hard-working/creative/respectable scientist./She has made a great contribution to saving people's lives./Her achievement has made Chinese scientists encouraged and confident to achieve more success in the future.语法正确、合情合理的答案均为正确答案。 代词课后练习: 1~5: ABACB 6~10 CDBDB 11~15 ADCDA 16~18 BAB $Unit 2 复习 语法(代词) 答案: 一、基础单词巩固 (一)汉译英 1.月饼 mooncake 2.灯笼 lantern 3.陌生人 stranger 4.亲属;亲戚 relative 5.磅(重量单位);英镑(英国货币单位) pound 6.增加;体重增加 put on 7.民间的;民俗的 folk 8.女神 goddess 9.偷;窃取 steal 10.放置;安放;产(卵);下(蛋) lay 二、短语实战演练 (一)汉译英 1.与……相似 be similar to 2.最终成为;最后处于 end up 3.穿上 put on 4.关心;在乎 care about 5.前夕;前夜 eve 6.分发;发放 give out 7.使某人想起 remind sb. of 8.结果 as a result 9.乔装打扮成 dress up as 10.捉弄某人;开某人的玩笑 play a trick on sb. 三、句型深度强化 (一)汉译英 1.我认为四月是泰国一年中最热的月份。   I believe that April is the hottest month in Thailand. 2.泼水节多么有趣啊!   How fun the Water Festival is! 3.月饼就像满月。   Mooncakes are like a full moon. 4.无论你是谁,你都不能长生不老。   Whoever you are, you can't live forever. (二)句型转换 1.The Water Festival is really fun.(改为感叹句)   How fun the Water Festival is! 2.I think the races are not interesting.(改为同义句)   I don't think the races are interesting. 3.Bill put on five pounds last month.(对划线部分提问)   When did Bill put on five pounds? 4.She is so young that she can't go to school.(改为同义句)   She is too young to go to school. 5.They will visit their grandparents next week.(改为一般疑问句)   Will they visit their grandparents next week? 四、综合能力提升 [语篇解读]本文主要介绍了小汽车不断创新的演变过程。 1.B根据下文中的“electric cars were more popular”可知,当时电动汽车更受欢迎。由此推知,当时路上电动汽车的数量比汽油车多。故选B。 2.Aprice价格;place地位;station站;keeper看守人。句意:当汽油价格下跌以及汽油车的新技术被开发出来时,电动汽车就过时了。故选A。 3.Ainstead反而;still仍然;yet迄今;forever永远。句意:汽油车反而变得更受欢迎,因为它们可以在不停车的情况下跑得更远。故选A。 4.Cpush推;control控制;cause导致;waste浪费。句意:它们需要更多的燃料,这导致了更多的空气污染。故选C。 5.Dimagine想象;start开始;keep保持;realize意识到。句意:但当人们开始意识到地球上没有足够的石油时,他们要求汽车制造商生产更高效、污染性更小的小汽车。故选D。 6.Amethod方法;person人;article文章;style方式。句意:解决这个问题的其中一种方法是“混合动力”汽车。故选A。 7.Bdifferent不同的;suitable合适的;delicious美味的;calm冷静的。根据上文中的“car batteries need to be recharged”可知,电动汽车的电池需要充电,所以电动汽车不适合长途旅行。故选B。 8.Bdescribe描述;develop开发;forget忘记;protect保护。句意:政府和汽车制造商正在合作开发安全、廉价且实用的电动汽车。故选B。 阅读问答: [语篇解读]本文主要介绍了中国第一位获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的科学家屠呦呦和她的同事们发现青蒿素并得到国际认可的过程。 1.Three.根据第二段中的“Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel Prize...and Satoshi Omura from Japan.”可知,屠呦呦与一名爱尔兰科学家和一名日本科学家一起获得了2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。 2.For developing a medicine called Artemisinin, which can help people fight malaria.根据第二段中的“Tu Youyou won the other half of the prize for developing a medicine called Artemisinin, which can help people fight malaria.”可知,屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖是因为她发现了可以帮助人们对抗疟疾的青蒿素。 3.They studied ancient Chinese medicine books and many different traditional treatments, and did hundreds of experiments.根据第三段中的“She and her workmates studied...in the 1970s.”可知,屠呦呦和她的同事们研究了中国古代医学书籍和许多不同的传统治疗方法,做了数百次实验,最终成功发现了青蒿素。 4.She is a great/hard-working/creative/respectable scientist./She has made a great contribution to saving people's lives./Her achievement has made Chinese scientists encouraged and confident to achieve more success in the future.语法正确、合情合理的答案均为正确答案。 代词课后练习: 1~5: ABACB 6~10 CDBDB 11~15 ADCDA 16~18 BAB 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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