内容正文:
专题09 句子成分、句子种类、基本句型及特殊句型(复习讲义)
目 录
01 析·考情目标
02 筑·专题框架
03 攻·重难考点
真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨
考点一 句子成分
考点二 句子种类
考点三 基本句型
考点四 特殊句型
04 测·预测闯关
命题透视
从近5年广东中考命题内容上看,感叹句和存现句经常在语法选择考查。
热考角度
考点
题型
考频
考查内容
存现句
语法选择
5年1考
2024年(1分):There is a shopping mall...
感叹句
语法选择
5年1考
2023年(1分):How excited David is!
命题预测
复习时要重点掌握感叹句和存现句的句式结构以及用法。
1.(2025·广东省广州卷·中考真题·语法选择) a fire in me that burned for the deep blue.
A.There was B.There were C.There is D.There are
2.(2024·广东省卷·中考真题·语法选择) a shopping mall near Peter’s home.
A.There is B.It is C.They are
3.(2023·广东省卷·中考真题·语法选择) excited David was!
A.How B.What C.What an
考点一 句子成分
英语句子由多个部分构成,各部分在句子中起着不同的作用,这些构成句子的不同部分被称为句子成分。主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、表语等。
成分
定义
常见词类
例句
主语(S)
句子叙述的主体,说明谁或什么
名词、代词、动名词、不定式
Tom is a student.
谓语(V)
说明主语的动作或状态
动词或动词短语
He is a teacher.
宾语(O)
动作的承受者
名词、代词、动名词、不定式
She wants to go.
表语(P)
系动词后的成分,说明主语的身份、状态
名词、形容词、介词短语
She is beautiful.
定语(Attr)
修饰名词或代词
形容词、名词、介词短语
a beautiful girl
状语(Adv)
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子
副词、介词短语
He runs fast.
宾补(OC)
补充说明宾语的状态或动作
名词、形容词、不定式
I found it easy.
主语与谓语的一致性:
主语是单数,谓语用单数;主语是复数,谓语用复数。
动名词短语、不定式短语作主语,谓语用单数。
考点二 句子种类
类型
定义
分类
结构特点
陈述句
陈述事实或观点
肯定句/否定句
主语在前,谓语在后
疑问句
表达疑问
一般疑问句
助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他?
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序?
选择疑问句
一般疑问句 + or + 选择项?
反意疑问句
陈述句 + 简短问句?
祈使句
表达命令、请求、建议
(省略主语,动词原形开头)
Be型
Be quiet.
Let型
Let him go.
Do型
Wear the school uniform.
No 型
No photos./ No smoking.
感叹句
表达强烈情感
What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语!
What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + 主语 + 谓语!
What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
How + 主语 + 谓语!
考点三 基本句型
句型
结构
例句
主谓(S+V)
主语 + 不及物动词
The sun rises.
主谓宾(S+V+O)
主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
She reads books.
主系表(S+V+P)
主语 + 系动词 + 表语
She is a teacher.
主谓宾宾(S+V+IO+DO)
主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
He gave me a book.
主谓宾补(S+V+O+OC)
主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
I found the book interesting.
常见系动词:
be动词:am/is/are/was/were
感官动词:look, sound, smell, taste, feel
变化动词:become, get, turn, grow, go
保持动词:keep, stay, remain
考点四 特殊句型
一、there be句型结构
结构
用法
例句
there be + 名词 + 地点状语
表示“某地有某物”
There is a book on the desk.
主谓一致
be动词与最近的主语保持一致
There is a pen and two books.
There are two books and a pen.
时态变化
there was/were, there will be, there has/have been
There will be a meeting tomorrow.
二、倒装句
定义:将谓语(或助动词)提到主语之前,用于强调或构成特定句型。
1、“so/neither/nor”引导的倒装(表示“也/也不”);
So + 主语 + 助动词 表示“确实如此”,不倒装。
前句情况
倒装结构
示例
含义
肯定句
So + 助动词 + 主语
—I like coffee.
—So do I.
我也喜欢
否定句
Neither/Nor + 助动词 + 主语
—I can't swim. —Neither can I.
我也不会
2、当Never, Hardly, Little, Not only等否定词置于句首时,主句用部分倒装(助动词/情态动词提到主语前)。
否定词
正常语序
倒装语序
Never
I have seen such a view.
Never have I seen such a view.
Hardly
I had arrived when it rained.
Hardly had I arrived when it rained.
Not only
He not only studies hard, but also helps others.
Not only does he study hard, but also helps others.
3、Only + 状语置于句首的倒装;Only修饰主语时不倒装。
正常语序
倒装语序
I realized my mistake then.
Only then did I realize my mistake.
一、单项选择
1.There ________ a football game this weekend.
A.is B.was C.will be D.will
2.—________ good movie NeZha 2 is!
—Yes. It’s so interesting that I have watched it three times.
A.How B.What C.How a D.What a
3.Let’s ________ the Da Li this Sunday.
A.go B.to go C.going D.go to
4.—Jim, ________ read books while you are walking on the street. It’s very dangerous.
—OK, thank you.
A.don’t B.doesn’t C.won’t D.can’t
5.________ is the boy wearing a hat? Is he your brother?
A.Which B.Who C.What D.Whose
6.—________ do you play soccer?
—Twice a week. I think it’s a good way to keep healthy.
A.How many B.How much C.How often D.How far
7.—________ are you feeling now, Daming? —Mum, I am much better after I took the medicine.
A.What B.When C.Why D.How
8.The sentence structure of “Tom is playing basketball.” is ________.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC
9.What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “James will arrive next week.”?
A.S+V+O B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V D.S+V+O+OC
10.—I always hate being late for school.
—________
A.So do I. B.So am I. C.Neither do I. D.Neither am I.
11.________ unforgettable experience I had during the trip to Dunhuang!
A.What B.What a C.What an D.How
12.________ attractive the cherry blossoms (樱花) in Wuxi’s Yuantouzhu are!
A.How B.What an C.What D.How an
13.________ amazing activities those tourists have enjoyed at the Harbin Ice—Snow World!
A.What B.What a C.What an D.How
14.The glass is broken. Please be careful with it, ________ it’ll cut your hand.
A.and B.but C.so D.or
15.Close your eyes and________you are sitting on a cloud. How do you feel?
A.imagine B.imagining C.imagined D.to imagine
16.Please ________ back to your seat, Yu Jun. You did a good job.
A.go B.to go C.going D.gone
17.When you ask someone for a favour, ________ polite, clear and respectful.
A.be B.to be C.being D.been
18.Ben, ________ off the tap while brushing your teeth.
A.turn B.turns C.turning D.turned
19.—Attention, please! ________ inside because of the heavy rain.
—We will, Mr. Li.
A.To stay B.Stay C.Staying D.Stayed
20.—Which would you rather have, tea or coffee?
— _____
A.Sure, I would. B.Yes, please.
C.Yes, both. D.Neither, thank you.
21.—________ do you sleep every night?
—Eight hours.
A.How long B.How soon C.How often D.How far
22.—________ have you been a volunteer in our community?
—For 5 years.
A.How far B.How long C.How often D.How soon
23.—________ is your schoolbag?
—It’s blue.
A.What B.What color C.How D.Where
24.—________ is the population of China?
—It’s about 1.4 billion.
A.How many B.How much C.What D.Which
25.—Excuse me, ________ is the nearest underground station?
—It’s just around the corner, about a five-minute walk.
A.how far B.how soon C.how long D.how much
26.—Does your brother have to run for half an hour after school every day?
—________. He can run twice a week.
A.Yes, he has B.Yes, he does C.No, he hasn’t D.No, he doesn’t
27.—Which is the sentence pattern of “It is raining heavily”? —________.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V D.S+V+O+OC
28.While I was walking along the river, I saw some fish out of the water.
A.are jumping B.jumping C.jumped D.to jump
29.I found my English book yesterday.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.主语 D.定语
30.The structure of the sentence “I find the story very interesting.” is ________ .
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC
31.What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “My mother gave me a book.”?
A.S+V+O B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V D.S+V+O+OC
32.What is the sentence structure of “The report sounds interesting” ?
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+O+OC D.S+V
33.In the beautiful garden ________ an artificial hill(假山) and some tall trees.
A.stand B.stands C.have D.has
34.On the top of Mount Tai ______ Jade Emperor Temple (玉皇庙).
A.standing B.to stand C.stand D.stands
35.Our class are going to have a picnic tomorrow. If you don’t go, ________.
A.so do I B.neither do I C.so will I D.neither will I
36.—________ do you learn these words by heart?
—By using them in different ways.
A.When B.How C.What D.Where
37.—________ will the new bridge be completed?
—In about two months.
A.How long B.How often C.How soon D.How far
38.—______ you ever ______ Hongze Lake?
—Yes, I went there last summer.
A.Have; been to B.Have; gone to
C.Did; go to D.Do; go to
39.—Mr Yang, must I clean the classroom right now?
—No, you ________. You can do it after school.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
40.—________ more time for the students to rest and relax in the future?
—Yes! To start with, their break time between classes is longer now.
A.Is there B.Are there C.Will there be D.Will there have
41.Let’s play football if it ____ rain tomorrow.
A.won’t B.doesn’t C.isn’t D.don’t
42.I found a cat under the table when I came home.
A.主语 B.状语 C.宾语 D.表语
43.The old man lived in a house with a beautiful garden.
A.谓语 B.状语 C.定语 D.主语
44.Lucy tried to make Alice ________ her mind but failed.
A.change B.to change C.changing D.changed
45.We’re going through a really hard time right now, but we still need to keep hope ________.
A.closed B.live C.alive D.close
46.It’s our duty to keep the classroom clean.
A.宾补 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语
47.The leaves have already turned yellow.
A.主语 B.定语 C.宾语补足语 D.表语
48.The magazine appeared in China in the 1960s.
A.表语 B.状语 C.主语 D.谓语
49.It’s difficult for me to finish the work in a week.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.状语 D.主语
50.Only when you can find peace in your heart ________ good relationships with others.
A.will you keep B.you will keep
C.you keep D.did you keep
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专题09 句子成分、句子种类、基本句型及特殊句型(复习讲义)
目 录
01 析·考情目标
02 筑·专题框架
03 攻·重难考点
真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨
考点一 句子成分
考点二 句子种类
考点三 基本句型
考点四 特殊句型
04 测·预测闯关
命题透视
从近5年广东中考命题内容上看,感叹句和存现句经常在语法选择考查。
热考角度
考点
题型
考频
考查内容
存现句
语法选择
5年1考
2024年(1分):There is a shopping mall...
感叹句
语法选择
5年1考
2023年(1分):How excited David is!
命题预测
复习时要重点掌握感叹句和存现句的句式结构以及用法。
1.(2025·广东省广州卷·中考真题·语法选择) a fire in me that burned for the deep blue.
A.There was B.There were C.There is D.There are
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我心中有一团为深蓝色而燃烧的火焰。
There was有,一般过去时,后接单数名词或不可数名词;There were有,一般过去时,后接复数名词;There is有,一般现在时,后接单数名词或不可数名词;There are有,一般现在时,后接复数名词。根据“a fire in me”可知,此处用there be句型的一般过去时,且fire为单数名词,所以空处用There was。故选A。
2.(2024·广东省卷·中考真题·语法选择) a shopping mall near Peter’s home.
A.There is B.It is C.They are
【答案】A
【解析】句意:彼得家附近有一家购物中心。
There is有,It is它是;They are他们是。根据“...a shopping mall near Peter’s home.”可知,附近有一家购物中心。故选A。
3.(2023·广东省卷·中考真题·语法选择) excited David was!
A.How B.What C.What an
【答案】A
【解析】句意:大卫多么激动啊!
How多么,修饰形容词/副词;What多么,修饰名词;What an多么,修饰可数名词单数。感叹句中心词是形容词“excited”,用how引导。故选A。
考点一 句子成分
英语句子由多个部分构成,各部分在句子中起着不同的作用,这些构成句子的不同部分被称为句子成分。主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、表语等。
成分
定义
常见词类
例句
主语(S)
句子叙述的主体,说明谁或什么
名词、代词、动名词、不定式
Tom is a student.
谓语(V)
说明主语的动作或状态
动词或动词短语
He is a teacher.
宾语(O)
动作的承受者
名词、代词、动名词、不定式
She wants to go.
表语(P)
系动词后的成分,说明主语的身份、状态
名词、形容词、介词短语
She is beautiful.
定语(Attr)
修饰名词或代词
形容词、名词、介词短语
a beautiful girl
状语(Adv)
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子
副词、介词短语
He runs fast.
宾补(OC)
补充说明宾语的状态或动作
名词、形容词、不定式
I found it easy.
主语与谓语的一致性:
主语是单数,谓语用单数;主语是复数,谓语用复数。
动名词短语、不定式短语作主语,谓语用单数。
考点二 句子种类
类型
定义
分类
结构特点
陈述句
陈述事实或观点
肯定句/否定句
主语在前,谓语在后
疑问句
表达疑问
一般疑问句
助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他?
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序?
选择疑问句
一般疑问句 + or + 选择项?
反意疑问句
陈述句 + 简短问句?
祈使句
表达命令、请求、建议
(省略主语,动词原形开头)
Be型
Be quiet.
Let型
Let him go.
Do型
Wear the school uniform.
No 型
No photos./ No smoking.
感叹句
表达强烈情感
What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语!
What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + 主语 + 谓语!
What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
How + 主语 + 谓语!
考点三 基本句型
句型
结构
例句
主谓(S+V)
主语 + 不及物动词
The sun rises.
主谓宾(S+V+O)
主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
She reads books.
主系表(S+V+P)
主语 + 系动词 + 表语
She is a teacher.
主谓宾宾(S+V+IO+DO)
主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
He gave me a book.
主谓宾补(S+V+O+OC)
主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
I found the book interesting.
常见系动词:
be动词:am/is/are/was/were
感官动词:look, sound, smell, taste, feel
变化动词:become, get, turn, grow, go
保持动词:keep, stay, remain
考点四 特殊句型
一、there be句型结构
结构
用法
例句
there be + 名词 + 地点状语
表示“某地有某物”
There is a book on the desk.
主谓一致
be动词与最近的主语保持一致
There is a pen and two books.
There are two books and a pen.
时态变化
there was/were, there will be, there has/have been
There will be a meeting tomorrow.
二、倒装句
定义:将谓语(或助动词)提到主语之前,用于强调或构成特定句型。
1、“so/neither/nor”引导的倒装(表示“也/也不”);
So + 主语 + 助动词 表示“确实如此”,不倒装。
前句情况
倒装结构
示例
含义
肯定句
So + 助动词 + 主语
—I like coffee.
—So do I.
我也喜欢
否定句
Neither/Nor + 助动词 + 主语
—I can't swim. —Neither can I.
我也不会
2、当Never, Hardly, Little, Not only等否定词置于句首时,主句用部分倒装(助动词/情态动词提到主语前)。
否定词
正常语序
倒装语序
Never
I have seen such a view.
Never have I seen such a view.
Hardly
I had arrived when it rained.
Hardly had I arrived when it rained.
Not only
He not only studies hard, but also helps others.
Not only does he study hard, but also helps others.
3、Only + 状语置于句首的倒装;Only修饰主语时不倒装。
正常语序
倒装语序
I realized my mistake then.
Only then did I realize my mistake.
一、单项选择
1.There ________ a football game this weekend.
A.is B.was C.will be D.will
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这个周末将有一场足球比赛。
句中时间状语“this weekend”是将来时间,句子要用一般将来时,本句是there be句型,there be句型的一般将来时结构为there will be。
2.—________ good movie NeZha 2 is!
—Yes. It’s so interesting that I have watched it three times.
A.How B.What C.How a D.What a
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——《哪吒 2》是一部多么好的电影啊!——是的。它太有趣了,我都看了三遍了。
感叹句的中心词是名词movie,应用What引导;movie为单数可数名词,且good以辅音音素开头,前面需加不定冠词a。符合结构:What+a+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!
3.Let’s ________ the Da Li this Sunday.
A.go B.to go C.going D.go to
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这个星期天让我们去大理吧。
考查非谓语动词。句中Let’s是Let us的缩写,let是使役动词,let sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”,go to sp.“去某地”。故选D。
4.—Jim, ________ read books while you are walking on the street. It’s very dangerous.
—OK, thank you.
A.don’t B.doesn’t C.won’t D.can’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——吉姆,在街上走路的时候不要看书。这很危险。——好的,谢谢你。
考查祈使句的否定形式。根据题干可知,叫吉姆在街上走路时不要看书,是对吉姆提出的警告,属于祈使句,通常以动词原形开头,其否定形式是在句首加“don’t”。故选A。
5.________ is the boy wearing a hat? Is he your brother?
A.Which B.Who C.What D.Whose
【答案】B
【详解】句意:戴着帽子的男孩是谁?是你哥哥吗?
考查特殊疑问词。Which哪一个;Who谁;What什么;Whose谁的。根据“Is he your brother?”可知,此处是在询问某人是谁。故选B。
6.—________ do you play soccer?
—Twice a week. I think it’s a good way to keep healthy.
A.How many B.How much C.How often D.How far
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你多久踢一次足球?——一周两次。我认为这是保持健康的好方法。
答语“Twice a week”是询问动作发生的频率,应用How often 提问。
7.—________ are you feeling now, Daming? —Mum, I am much better after I took the medicine.
A.What B.When C.Why D.How
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你现在感觉怎么样,大明?——妈妈,我吃了药之后好多了。
考查特殊疑问句。What什么;When何时;Why为什么;How如何。根据答句“I am much better”可知,问句是询问身体状况或感受,应用“How”提问。故选D。
8.The sentence structure of “Tom is playing basketball.” is ________.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC
【答案】A
【详解】句意:“Tom is playing basketball.”的句子结构是主语+谓语+宾语。
考查句子基本结构辨析。S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语;S+V+P主语+系动词+表语;S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;S+V+DO+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。分析句子结构可知,Tom,作主语;is playing作谓语;basketball作宾语,属于“主语+谓语+宾语”(S+V+O)的基本结构。故选A。
9.What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “James will arrive next week.”?
A.S+V+O B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V D.S+V+O+OC
【答案】C
【详解】句意:“James will arrive next week.”这句话的句型是什么?
考查句型。James作主语,will arrive作谓语,next week作时间状语。本句句型是“S+V”,故选C。
10.—I always hate being late for school.
—________
A.So do I. B.So am I. C.Neither do I. D.Neither am I.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我总是讨厌上学迟到。——我也是。
考查倒装句的用法。根据“I always hate being late for school”可知,空处要表达“我也讨厌迟到”,用倒装句。题干中“hate”是实义动词,因此用“do”来替代,表示“我也讨厌”用“So do I.”结构。“Neither do I.”表示“我也不讨厌迟到”。故选A。
11.________ unforgettable experience I had during the trip to Dunhuang!
A.What B.What a C.What an D.How
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在去敦煌的旅行中,我拥有了一段多么难忘的经历啊!
考查感叹句。分析句子结构可知,中心词“experience”在句中意为“经历”,是一个可数名词。符合感叹句结构“What (+ a/an) + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语!”。这里“unforgettable”以元音音素开头,所以用不定冠词an。故选C。
12.________ attractive the cherry blossoms (樱花) in Wuxi’s Yuantouzhu are!
A.How B.What an C.What D.How an
【答案】A
【详解】句意:无锡鼋头渚的樱花多迷人啊!
How 用于引导以形容词/副词开头的感叹句;What an 用于引导以可数名词单数(元音音素开头)开头的感叹句;What 用于引导以名词开头的感叹句;How an 为错误表达;本句中心词是形容词“attractive”,需用“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!”的感叹句结构,“How”符合语法要求,应填How。
13.________ amazing activities those tourists have enjoyed at the Harbin Ice—Snow World!
A.What B.What a C.What an D.How
【答案】A
【详解】句意:那些游客在哈尔滨冰雪世界享受了多么令人惊叹的活动啊!
根据题干可知该句为感叹句,其结构为“What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!”或“How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)!”。根据“amazing activities”可知,此处应用What引导感叹句,activities为可数名词复数,其前不用冠词。
14.The glass is broken. Please be careful with it, ________ it’ll cut your hand.
A.and B.but C.so D.or
【答案】D
【详解】句意:玻璃杯碎了。请小心点,否则它会割伤你的手。
考查连词辨析。and和,然后;but但是;so所以;or否则。结合语境可知,第一句告诉对方“玻璃杯碎了”,第二句的前半句提醒对方“要小心点”,后半句在描述“它会割伤你的手”的情景,即在引出如果不“小心点”的负面结果,应用or“否则”与之构成“祈使句+or+陈述句”,用于表达“做……否则就会……”的警告、提醒或建议。故选D。
15.Close your eyes and________you are sitting on a cloud. How do you feel?
A.imagine B.imagining C.imagined D.to imagine
【答案】A
【详解】句意:闭上眼睛想象你正坐在云里。你感觉怎样?
考查祈使句。imagine动词原形;imagining动名词;imagined动词的过去式;to imagine动词不定式。根据“Close your eyes and”可知是祈使句,此处用动词原形imagine与close形成并列。故选A。
16.Please ________ back to your seat, Yu Jun. You did a good job.
A.go B.to go C.going D.gone
【答案】A
【详解】句意:请回到你的座位,余军。干得不错。
考查祈使句。分析句子可知,句子是祈使句,由“please”和此处位置可知应填动词原形,故选A。
17.When you ask someone for a favour, ________ polite, clear and respectful.
A.be B.to be C.being D.been
【答案】A
【详解】句意:当你请别人帮忙时,要礼貌、清晰且尊重。
考查祈使句。根据“When you ask someone for a favour, ...polite, clear and respectful.”可知,空处表示建议,为肯定的祈使句,需动词原形。故选A。
18.Ben, ________ off the tap while brushing your teeth.
A.turn B.turns C.turning D.turned
【答案】A
【详解】句意:本,刷牙的时候关掉水龙头。
考查祈使句。根据“off the tap while brushing your teeth.”可知,该句为祈使句,祈使句通常以动词原形开头。故选A。
19.—Attention, please! ________ inside because of the heavy rain.
—We will, Mr. Li.
A.To stay B.Stay C.Staying D.Stayed
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——请注意!由于大雨,请待在室内。——我们会的,李先生。
考查祈使句。分析句子可知,句子是祈使句,以动词原形开头。故选B。
20.—Which would you rather have, tea or coffee?
— _____
A.Sure, I would. B.Yes, please.
C.Yes, both. D.Neither, thank you.
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你想喝什么,茶还是咖啡?——都不要,谢谢。
考查情景交际。Sure, I would.当然,我会;Yes, please.是的,请;Yes, both.是的,都要;Neither, thank you.都不要,谢谢。根据“Which would you rather have, tea or coffee?”可知,句子是选择疑问句,不能用yes/no回答,要作出具体的回答,故选D。
21.—________ do you sleep every night?
—Eight hours.
A.How long B.How soon C.How often D.How far
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你每晚睡多长时间?——八小时。
考查特殊疑问句。How long多长时间;How soon多久以后;How often多久一次;How far多远。根据“Eight hours”可知,八小时是时间段,对时间段进行提问应该用How long。故选A。
22.—________ have you been a volunteer in our community?
—For 5 years.
A.How far B.How long C.How often D.How soon
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你在我们社区做志愿者多久了?——5年了。
考查特殊疑问句。how far多远;how long多久;how often多久一次;how soon多久以后。根据“For 5 years.”可知,对时间段提问,应用how long。故选B。
23.—________ is your schoolbag?
—It’s blue.
A.What B.What color C.How D.Where
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你的书包是什么颜色的?——它是蓝色的。
考查特殊疑问句。What什么;What color什么颜色;How怎样;Where在哪里。根据答语“It’s blue.”可知,此处询问颜色。故选B。
24.—________ is the population of China?
—It’s about 1.4 billion.
A.How many B.How much C.What D.Which
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——中国的人口是多少?——大约14亿。
考查特殊疑问词辨析。How many多少,后接可数名词复数,询问数量;How much多少,后接不可数名词,询问数量或价格;What什么,询问事物或内容;Which哪一个,询问选择。根据语境可知,此处是在询问中国的人口数量,英语中询问人口数量时,常用固定句型“What is the population of...?”,意为“……的人口是多少?”。因此,应该用What。故选C。
25.—Excuse me, ________ is the nearest underground station?
—It’s just around the corner, about a five-minute walk.
A.how far B.how soon C.how long D.how much
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——打扰一下,最近的地铁站有多远?——就在拐角处,大约步行五分钟。
考查疑问词。how far多远(问距离);how soon多久以后(问时间,常与将来时连用);how long多长时间(问时间段);how much多少(问数量或价格)。根据答语“It’s just around the corner, about a five-minute walk.”可知,回答的是距离,故用 how far 提问。故选A。
26.—Does your brother have to run for half an hour after school every day?
—________. He can run twice a week.
A.Yes, he has B.Yes, he does C.No, he hasn’t D.No, he doesn’t
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你哥哥每天放学后必须跑步半小时吗?——不,不是每天。他可以一周跑两次。
考查一般疑问句。问句用助动词 “does” 提问,答句需用 “does/doesn’t” 回答,排除选项A、C;根据 “He can run twice a week.” 可知并非“每天必须”,需作否定回答,故选D。
27.—Which is the sentence pattern of “It is raining heavily”? —________.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V D.S+V+O+OC
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——“It is raining heavily”的句子结构是什么?——主语+谓语。
考查句子结构。“It is raining heavily”是肯定句,主语是“it”指代天气,谓语动词是“is raining”,是现在进行时,“heavily”是副词修饰动词。句子结构是S+V。故选C。
28.While I was walking along the river, I saw some fish out of the water.
A.are jumping B.jumping C.jumped D.to jump
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当我沿着河边走的时候,我看到一些鱼从水里跳出来。
考查非谓语动词。are jumping现在进行时;jumping动名词,现在分词;jumped过去式;to jump动词不定式;see sb. do 看见某人做某事,强调看到整个过程;see sb. doing 看见某人正在做某事;根据“While I was walking along the river”可知当我沿着河边走的时候,此处是正在做什么,所以用doing,故选B。
29.I found my English book yesterday.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.主语 D.定语
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我昨天找到了我的英语书。
考查句子成分。分析句子可知,I为主语,found为谓语,my English book为宾语;yesterday是时间状语。故选A。
30.The structure of the sentence “I find the story very interesting.” is ________ .
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC
【答案】D
【详解】句意:“我觉得这个故事很有趣。”这句话的结构是主+谓+宾语+宾补。
考查句子结构。S+V主语+谓语;S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语;S+V+IO+ DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;S+V+DO+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾补。分析句子“I find the story very interesting.”“I”是主语,表示执行动作的在这个句子中,人;“find”是谓语动词,表示“发现”的动作;“the book”是宾语,是“find”这个动作的对象;“interesting”是用来补充说明“the book”的特征,即“有趣的”,在句中作宾语补足语。所以该句子的结构是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”,即 S+V+ DO + OC 结构。故选D。
31.What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “My mother gave me a book.”?
A.S+V+O B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V D.S+V+O+OC
【答案】B
【详解】句意:“我妈妈给了我一本书”这个句子的句型是什么?
考查句子结构。分析句子可知,My mother作主语;gave谓语动词;me间接宾语;a book直接宾语,因此该句是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构,故选B。
32.What is the sentence structure of “The report sounds interesting” ?
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+O+OC D.S+V
【答案】B
【详解】句意:“The report sounds interesting” 这句话的句子结构是什么?
S+V+O(主谓宾);S+V+P(主系表);S+V+O+OC(主谓宾宾补);S+V(主谓)。原句中,The report是主语,sounds是系动词,interesting是表语,符合主系表的句子结构,故选B。
33.In the beautiful garden ________ an artificial hill(假山) and some tall trees.
A.stand B.stands C.have D.has
【答案】A
【详解】句意:一座人造小山和一些高大的树木耸立在美丽的花园里。
考查主谓一致和倒装句。stand站立;have有。分析句子结构可知,是倒装句,主语“an artificial hill(假山) and some tall trees”是复数,应该是说“小山和树木耸立在花园里”,stand符合句意,且用动词原形;故选A。
34.On the top of Mount Tai ______ Jade Emperor Temple (玉皇庙).
A.standing B.to stand C.stand D.stands
【答案】D
【详解】句意:泰山顶上矗立着玉皇庙。
考查倒装句和主谓一致。根据“On the top of Mount Tai ... Jade Emperor Temple (玉皇庙).”可知表示“矗立”,且句子为倒装结构,主语“Jade Emperor Temple”,谓语用第三人称单数形式stands。故选D。
35.Our class are going to have a picnic tomorrow. If you don’t go, ________.
A.so do I B.neither do I C.so will I D.neither will I
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我们班明天要去野餐。如果你不去,我也不去。
考查倒装和时态。根据“If you don’t go”可知,后文表示“我也不去”,用“neither+助动词/be/情态动词+主语”的结构,野餐是在“明天”,If引导的条件句主句用一般将来时,助动词用will。故选D。
36.—________ do you learn these words by heart?
—By using them in different ways.
A.When B.How C.What D.Where
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你如何记住这些单词的?——通过用不同的方式使用它们。
考查特殊疑问句。When什么时候;How如何、怎样;What什么;Where在哪里。根据答句“By using them in different ways”可知,句中表示通过用不同的方式使用单词,从而达到记忆单词的目的,此处是提问记单词的“方式”,因此使用“how”。故选B。
37.—________ will the new bridge be completed?
—In about two months.
A.How long B.How often C.How soon D.How far
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——新桥还要多久可以建好?——大约两个月后。
考查疑问词辨析。how long多久,多长时间,用“for+一段时间回答”;how often多久一次,提问频率;how soon多久以后,用“in+一段时间”回答;how far多远,提问距离。根据回答“In about two months”可知,询问的是多久后新桥才可以建好。故选C。
38.—______ you ever ______ Hongze Lake?
—Yes, I went there last summer.
A.Have; been to B.Have; gone to
C.Did; go to D.Do; go to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你去过洪泽湖吗?——是的,我去年夏天去过。
考查现在完成时。询问对方是否去过某地应用句型“Have you ever been to+地点?”。故选A。
39.—Mr Yang, must I clean the classroom right now?
—No, you ________. You can do it after school.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——杨老师,我现在必须打扫教室吗?——不,你不必。你可以放学后做。
考查动词辨析和一般疑问句。can’t不能;mustn’t禁止;needn’t不需要;shouldn’t不应该。根据“must I clean the classroom right now?”可知,must提问的一般疑问句,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。故选C。
40.—________ more time for the students to rest and relax in the future?
—Yes! To start with, their break time between classes is longer now.
A.Is there B.Are there C.Will there be D.Will there have
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——未来将会有更多时间让学生休息和放松吗?——会的!首先,他们现在的课间休息时间更长了。
考查there be句型的一般将来时。根据“in the future”可知要用一般将来时,there be表示“有” ,其疑问句的一般将来时结构是“Will there be...” ,故选C。
41.Let’s play football if it ____ rain tomorrow.
A.won’t B.doesn’t C.isn’t D.don’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:如果明天不下雨,我们去踢足球吧。
考查助动词辨析。won’t 表示将来时的否定;doesn’t 主语是第三人称单数;isn’t 用于一般现在时,表示否定;don’t 用于一般现在时,主语是非第三人称单数。根据“Let’s play football if it”可知,if 引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。从句主语是 it,动词是 rain,为实义动词,否定形式需要借助助动词 doesn’t,故选 B。
42.I found a cat under the table when I came home.
A.主语 B.状语 C.宾语 D.表语
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当我回家时,我发现桌子下面有一只猫。
考查句子成分。分析句子成分可知,“when I came home”为when引导的时间状语从句,作状语。故选B。
43.The old man lived in a house with a beautiful garden.
A.谓语 B.状语 C.定语 D.主语
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这位老人住在一座带有美丽花园的房子里。
考查句子成分。根据分析句子“The old man lived in a house with a beautiful garden.”可知,在该句中,The old man作主语;lived in作谓语;a house作宾语;with a beautiful garden作house的后置定语。故选C。
44.Lucy tried to make Alice ________ her mind but failed.
A.change B.to change C.changing D.changed
【答案】A
【详解】句意:露西试图使爱丽丝改变主意,但失败了。
考查非谓语动词。make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”,用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。
45.We’re going through a really hard time right now, but we still need to keep hope ________.
A.closed B.live C.alive D.close
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们现在正经历一段非常艰难的时期,但我们仍然需要保持希望。
考查形容词辨析。closed关着的;live活的;alive仍然存在的;close靠近的。根据“but we still need to keep hope ...”可知要继续保持希望,用alive作宾语补足语。故选C。
46.It’s our duty to keep the classroom clean.
A.宾补 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语
【答案】A
【详解】句意:保持教室干净是我们的责任。
考查句子成分。分析句子可知,keep作谓语,the classroom作宾语,clean是对classroom的补充说明,因此作宾语补足语。故选A。
47.The leaves have already turned yellow.
A.主语 B.定语 C.宾语补足语 D.表语
【答案】D
【详解】句意:树叶已经变黄了。
考查句子成分。根据分析句子“The leaves have already turned yellow.”可知,该句结构为“主+系+表”,The leaves是主语,have turned是系动词,yellow是表语。故选D。
48.The magazine appeared in China in the 1960s.
A.表语 B.状语 C.主语 D.谓语
【答案】D
【详解】句意:该杂志于20世纪60年代在中国出现。
考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知,The magazine是主语;appeared是谓语动词;in China是地点状语;in the 1960s是时间状语。故选D。
49.It’s difficult for me to finish the work in a week.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.状语 D.主语
【答案】D
【详解】句意:对我来说,在一周内完成这项工作是困难的。
考查动词不定式作主语。固定句式:It’s+形容词+for sb to do sth表示“对某人来说,做某事是……的”,动词不定式作真正的主语,故选D。
50.Only when you can find peace in your heart ________ good relationships with others.
A.will you keep B.you will keep
C.you keep D.did you keep
【答案】A
【详解】句意:只有当你的内心找到平静时,你才能与他人保持良好的关系。
考查倒装句和时态。“only+状语从句”置于句首时,主句要用部分倒装,即将助动词/be动词/情态动词提前到主语之前,when引导的时间状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,A项符合。故选A。
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