专题10 宾语从句和定语从句（复习讲义）（广东专用）2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题10 宾语从句和定语从句（复习讲义） 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 宾语从句 考点二 定语从句 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 从近5年广东中考命题内容上看，宾语从句是必考点，主要考查引导词、语序和时态 热考角度 考点 题型 考频 考查内容 宾语从句 引导词 语法选择 5年3考 ①2025年（1分）：what ②2024年（1分）：how ③2023年（1分）：why 短文填空 5年3考 ①2023年（1分）：what ②2022年（1分）：how ③2021年（1分）：what 语序和时态 语法选择 5年1考 2021年（1分）：how long it is 命题预测 宾语从句仍然是广东中考的重点，主要通过语法选择考查宾语从句的引导词、语序和时态的变化；宾语从句在短文填空中主要考查方式为根据语境填入恰当的疑问词。考生要熟练掌握宾语从句的“三要素”。 考点一 宾语从句 1．（2025·广东省卷·中考真题·语法选择）She was curious about mom was busy with. A．what B．that C．whether 【答案】A 【解析】句意：她对妈妈在忙什么感到好奇。 what什么；that那个；whether是否。根据“She was curious about...Mom was busy with.”可知，此处指对妈妈在忙什么感到好奇，用what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。故选A。 2.（2024·广东省卷·中考真题·语法选择）His mother is satisfied with he spends his money. A．how B．which C．whether 【答案】A 【解析】句意：他母亲对他花钱的方式很满意。 how如何；which哪一个；whether是否。根据“His mother is satisfied with...he spends his money.”可知，母亲对他花钱的方式很满意。故选A。 3.（2024·广东省广州卷·中考真题·语法选择）They were so surprised at they saw. A．what B．that C．how D．which 【答案】A 【解析】句意：他们对所看到的感到非常惊讶。 what 什么；that 那；how 如何；which 哪一个。空处引导宾语从句，同时也是saw的宾语，指“看到的事物”，所以用what引导宾语从句。故选A。 4．（2023·广东省卷·中考真题·语法选择）There he was often asked he liked space camps so much. A．why B．when C．where 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在那里，他经常被问到为什么他如此喜欢太空营。 why为什么；when什么时候；where在哪里。根据“I feel like a real astronaut in the space camp”可知，人们问他为什么喜欢太空营。故选A。 5.（2023·广东省广州卷·中考真题·语法选择）He decided he would get stronger. He would do exercises and flap (拍动) his wings every day. A．what B．why C．when D．that 【答案】D 【解析】句意：他决心变得更强壮。 what什么；why为什么；when什么时候；that那，或作引导词无实意。根据“He decided...he would get stronger.”可知此处是that引导的宾语从句，从句是陈述句用that引导。故选D。 6.（2024·广东省深圳卷·中考真题·短文填空）At first, we weren’t very good. We did not know the problem lay. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：我们不知道问题在哪里。know后接宾语从句，从句中主谓为the problem lay，缺少地点状语，因此用where引导该宾语从句。故填where。 7.（2023·广东省卷·中考真题·短文填空）Without it, we might have tooth problems. Can you guess it is? Yes, it’s the toothbrush. 【答案】what 【解析】句意：你能猜出它是什么吗？根据“Can you guess...it is?”可知是询问猜出它是什么。what“什么”。故填what。 在复合句中，由一个完整的句子充当宾语，这个句子就是宾语从句。 核心一、宾语从句的引导词 巧记口诀：that/if/whether 无成分，who/whom/whose/what/which作主宾，when/where/why/how作状语 引导词 用法 例句 that 三无（无疑问，无成分，无意义），常省略 She doesn't know (that) she is seriously ill. if/whether 一无二表（无成分，表疑问，表意义“是否”），whether后可接or not I don't know if/whether you can help me. who/whom/what 指人，独立作主语或宾语 I wonder who took my dictionary. whose/which + sth.合起来作主语或宾语 I wonder what he is writing to me. when/where/why/how 作状语 Could you tell me where Tom has gone? 核心二、宾语从句的语序和时态 1、不管原句是什么语序，变为宾语从句后都改为陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语（+其他）”。 2、宾语从句的时态 ①主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句可以为任何时态。 例句：I think that he has finished his homework. ②主句是过去时，从句须为过去的某种时态。 例句：She said that she was working on the Internet. ③从句是客观真理或事实时，从句用现在时，不受主句时态的影响。 例句：Our head teacher told us that practice makes perfect. 核心三、宾语从句的简化 1．在疑问词引导的宾语从句中，当从句的主语与主句的主语或间接宾语一致时，从句可简化为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。该结构常见的主句谓语动词有remember，know，forget，learn，decide，choose，agree，ask，show，tell等。 如：Simon doesn’t know what he can do.＝Simon doesn’t know what to do. 2．“think/make/find...＋that”引导的宾语从句可简化为“think/make/find...＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 如：I think that this book is interesting.＝I think this book interesting. 3. 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称且谓语动词是believe，think，expect，suppose等表示观点、看法或信念的及物动词时，常把对从句的否定转移到主句中，使 语气更加委婉、自然。 如：肯定形式：I think they have finished their work. 我认为他们已经完成工作了。 否定形式：I don’t think they havefinished their work. 我认为他们还没有完成工作。 考点二 定语从句 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或者代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常置于其所修饰的名词或者代词之后，被修饰的名词或者代词叫作先行词。 如：The phone(先行词) which(关系词)I bought yesterday is expensive. 核心一、关系词的基本用法 类别 关系词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 关系代词 that 指人或物 作主语或宾语 which 指物 作主语或宾语 who 指人 作主语或宾语 whom 指人 作宾语 whose 指人或物 作定语 关系副词 when 时间名词 作状语 where 地点名词 作状语 why 原因 作状语 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时常常可以省略。 如：I’m looking for the book (which/that) you lent me last week. 核心二、关系词的特殊用法 1、只用that的情况： ①先行词是指物的不定代词如 something，anything，everything，nothing，all等时。 ②先行词被 the only，the very，the last等。 ③先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。 ④先行词既有人又有物时。 2、只用who的情况： 先行词是指人的不定代词如someone,anyone，everyone，no one，nobody等时 3、只用which／whom的情况： 在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，指物时只能用which，指人时只能用whom。 一、单项选择 1．—Do you know ________ AI is being used to create music? —I’m not sure. Maybe it’s cheaper than paying a musician. A．if B．how C．why D．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你知道为什么人工智能正被用于创作音乐吗？——我不确定。也许是因为比付钱给音乐家更便宜。 if是否；how如何/怎样；why为什么；when什么时候。根据答句“Maybe it’s cheaper than paying a musician.”可知，这是在解释原因，问句询问“为什么”，应填why。 2．— Miss Yang, can you tell me ________? — By keeping a diary. A．how I can improve my writing skills B．how can I improve my writing skills C．how often I should practice writing D．how often should I practice writing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——杨老师，你能告诉我怎样能提高我的写作技巧吗？——通过写日记。 宾语从句需用陈述语序，选B和D为疑问语序，故排除。根据答语“By keeping a diary”可知询问的是方式，应用how引导，选项C询问频率（how often），不符合语境。故选A。 3．—Our teacher showed us ________ we made mistakes and how to correct them in the exercise. —That’s wonderful. Having a good guide makes all the difference. A．what B．which C．where D．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们的老师向我们展示了我们在练习中哪里犯了错误以及如何纠正它们。——太棒了。有一个好的引导者会带来很大的不同。 what什么；which哪一个；where在哪里；when什么时候。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句并在从句中作地点副词，根据“how to correct them”可知，老师指出的是犯错的具体位置，where表示地点，符合语境。 4．— AI is very popular these days. I wonder ________.   — I’m afraid not. It helps, but it can never take the place of our new ideas and feelings. A．what will happen in the future B．whether we can use it properly or not C．how we can control its development D．if it’ll make all the people lose their jobs 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——如今AI 很流行。我想知道它是否会让所有人失业。——恐怕不会。它有帮助，但永远无法取代我们的新想法和感情。 what will happen in the future未来将会发生什么；whether we can use it properly or not我们能否正确地使用它；how we can control its development我们如何才能控制它的发展；if it’ll make all the people lose their jobs它是否会让所有人失业。根据答语可知，宾语从句应由一般疑问句演变而来，引导词需用if或whether；再结合答语中take the place of可知，对话讨论的是AI能否取代人类工作，而非使用方式。应选if it’ll make all the people lose their jobs。 5．— I don’t know ________ the school art show will start next week. — Miss Li said it would be Wednesday afternoon. A．what B．where C．when D．why 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我不知道学校艺术展下周什么时候开始。——李老师说是周三下午。 what什么；where哪里；when什么时候；why为什么。根据答语“Miss Li said it would be Wednesday afternoon.”可知，此处询问的是具体时间，应用when引导。 6． I don’t know ______ or not he will come. A．if B．whether C．that D．when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我不知道他是否会来。 考查宾语从句引导词。if是否；whether是否，常与or not连用；that引导宾语从句时，无实际含义；when什么时候。根据句意，此处意为“是否”；根据空格后的“or not”可知，此处应使用“whether”引导宾语从句，“if”通常不与“or not”连用。故选B。 7．— Betty, could you tell me ________ tomorrow morning? — Hang on. I’ll check it online. A．if it rains B．if it will rain C．when does it rain D．when will it rain 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——贝蒂，你能告诉我明天早上是否会下雨吗？——等一下。我上网查一下。 宾语从句需用陈述语序，即“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语”，C和D为疑问语序，故排除；根据时间状语“tomorrow morning”可知从句应用一般将来时，A是一般现在时，故排除。B选项正确。 8．The teacher told us that the Earth ________ around the sun. A．moved B．be moved C．moves D．move 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。 that引导的是宾语从句，从句中表达的是客观真理，所以应用一般现在时；主语the earth是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式moves。 9．When visiting the Palace Museum, I wondered ______. A．what is life like here in the past B．what life is like here in the past C．what was life like here in the past D．what life was like here in the past 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当参观故宫博物院时，我好奇过去这里的生活是什么样的。 考查宾语从句。宾语从句采用陈述语序，排除A与C；in the past“在过去”，从句要用过去时，故选D。 10．The president announced that he ________ a number of useless staffs. A．would fire B．has fired C．fires D．will fire 【答案】A 【详解】句意：董事长宣布他将解雇一批无用的员工。 考查动词的时态。主句谓语动词“announced”为过去式，宾语从句需遵循“主过从必过”原则，也就是说“解雇”是“宣布”之后将要发生的动作，属于“过去的将来”；因此，句子时态应用过去将来时，其结构为would do。故选A。 11．The chairperson warned that we ________ achieve our dreams if we didn’t work hard. A．will B．won’t C．would D．wouldn’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意：主席警告说，如果我们不努力工作，我们就不会实现梦想。 考查时态。根据句子可知，“we...achieve our dreams”是一个宾语从句，“if we didn’t work hard”是由if引导的条件句，表示假设。主句的动词是过去式warned，因此宾语从句的时态需与主句保持一致，使用过去时，排除A、B；另外，“不努力”会导致“无法实现梦想”，因此结果部分需用否定形式，排除C。故选D。 12．The teacher asked us ________. A．why we are late for class B．why are we late for class C．why we were late for class D．why were we late for class 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老师问我们为什么上课迟到。 考查宾语从句。此处作为宾语从句，用陈述语序：疑问词+主语+谓语，排除BD两项，主句谓语asked是一般过去时，宾语从句用一般过去时，故选C。 13．Do you know ________ over there? A．what happen B．what was happened C．what is happening D．what did happen 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你知道那边正在发生什么事吗？ happen是不及物动词，没有被动语态，排除B选项；本句是宾语从句，从句用陈述句语序，排除D选项；A选项what作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，故排除；C选项为陈述句语序，且时态是现在进行时，符合“询问那边正在发生什么”的语境。 14．—May I come in? I’m sorry I’m late. —Come in, please. But could you tell me ________? A．how do you come to school B．what were you doing C．whom you came with D．why you are late 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我可以进来吗？对不起，我迟到了。——请进来。但是你能告诉我你为什么迟到吗？ 考查宾语从句。how do you come to school你怎么来学校的，疑问语序；what were you doing你在做什么，疑问语序；whom you came with你和谁一起来的，陈述语序；why you are late你为什么迟到，陈述语序。根据“could you tell me...?”可知，空格处是宾语从句，应用陈述语序；结合“I’m late”可知，第一人迟到，第二人是在询问原因，用why引导宾语从句。故选D。 15．I don’t think he’s ever been to the Monkey Island, ________? A．isn’t he B．hasn’t he C．has he D．do I 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我认为他从没去过猴岛，对吧？ 考查反意疑问句。反义疑问句遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”。陈述句是宾语从句，且是“否定前移”的结构，所以从句是否定句。反意疑问句和宾语从句保持一致，反问部分用肯定，排除AB选项；从句是现在完成时，所以应用助动词has，故选C。 16．The first place __________ Tom visited in Gansu was the old town of Shichuan. A．which B．who C．that D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：汤姆在甘肃参观的第一个地方是什川古镇。 which引导限定性定语从句或非限定性定语从句；who引导限定性定语从句，先行词是人；that引导限定性定语从句，先行词是人或物；what不可引导定语从句。此处先行词“place”被序数词The first修饰，关系代词只能用that。 17．Journey to the West is a book ________ influences teenagers a lot. It is very popular. A．who B．when C．which D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：《西游记》是一本对青少年影响很大的书，它非常受欢迎。 who先行词为人；when先行词为时间；which先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句。本句是定语从句，先行词a book 是物，关系代词在从句中作主语，应填which。 18．This is the only gift ________ I received on Christmas Day. A．that B．which C．who D．whom 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这是我在圣诞节收到的唯一礼物。 考查定语从句关系词。that那个，关系代词，既可指人也可指物；which哪个，关系代词，指物；who谁，关系代词，指人，作主语；whom谁，关系代词，指人，作宾语。根据“This is the only gift...I received on Christmas Day.”可知，先行词是“the only gift”，指物，且被“the only”修饰，定语从句中关系代词作宾语。当先行词被“the only”修饰时，关系词通常用“that”而不用“which”。故选A。 19．The student ________ homework is perfect always studies hard. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 【答案】D 【详解】句意：那个作业完美的学生总是学习努力。 考查定语从句关系词辨析。who谁，主格；which哪个，指物；whom谁，宾格；whose谁的，表示所属关系。本句为定语从句，空格后“homework is perfect”是一个完整的句子，但“homework”与先行词“the student”之间是所属关系，意为“学生的作业”，因此需用关系代词whose引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语修饰homework。故选D。 20．Zhang Hong, a Chinese man, is the first Asian blind climber has reached the top of Qomolangma. A．when B．whose C．which D．who 【答案】D 【详解】句意：张宏，一个中国人，是第一个登上珠穆朗玛峰顶的亚洲盲人登山者。 考查定语从句的关系代词。when当……时；whose谁的；which哪一个（用于物）；who谁（用于人）。该句是定语从句，先行词为climber，意为“登山者”，指人，且从句中缺少主语，需用表示人的关系代词who引导。故选D。 21．Our parents often talk about the people and the things ________ they can remember in their middle school. A．who B．whom C．which D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们的父母经常谈论他们在中学时期记得的人和事。 考查定语从句。who谁，先行词指人；whom谁，引导定语从句时，在从句中作宾语，先行词指人；which哪一个，先行词指物；that那个，先行词指人或物。先行词是“the people and the things”，表示“人和事”，包含“人”和“物”，故关系词应使用既可指人又可指物的“that”。故选D。 22．Don’t care those ________ laugh at you. Pay more attention to improving yourself. A．who B．whom C．which D．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不要在意那些嘲笑你的人。多关注提升自己。 考查定语从句的关系词。who谁，主格；whom谁，宾格；which哪一个；what什么。先行词those指人，在从句中作主语，关系词可用who。故选A。 23．—Have you met the volunteer ________ is organizing the community book drive? —Yes! She’s the one ________ idea won the “Best Youth Project” award last year. A．which; whose B．that; who C．that; whose D．who; which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你见过组织社区图书募捐活动的志愿者吗？——见过！去年，她的想法获得了“最佳青年项目”奖。 考查定语从句。which哪一个，先行词指物；that那个，先行词指人/物；who谁，先行词指人；whose谁的，先行词指人/物，在从句中作定语。分析句子结构可知，第一空所在句的先行词为指人的“volunteer”，且关系词代替先行词，在从句中作主语，that/who符合；第二空所在句的先行词为“the one”，指代前文提到的志愿者，此处需表示“她的主意”，whose符合。故选C。 24．—Have you seen the film Leap? —Yes. It’s the best one ______I have ever seen. A．that B．which C．what D．how 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你看过电影《夺冠》吗？——看过。这是我看过的最好的一部。 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此句是定语从句，what和how不引导定语从句，排除；先行词是不定代词one，前面被形容词的最高级best修饰，且空处作宾语，关系词只能用that，故选A。 25．—Sarah, do you know ________? —It’s on April 23. A．what is World Book Day B．what World Book Day is C．when World Book Day is D．when is World Book Day 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——萨拉，你知道世界读书日是什么时候吗？——在4月23日。 what is World Book Day和what World Book Day is询问“是什么”，与答句“日期”不符；when is World Book Day是疑问语序，不符合宾语从句陈述语序的要求；when World Book Day is是陈述语序，且询问“时间”，与答句“It’s on April 23”对应，符合语境。 二、单词拼写 1．—Pardon? What did you say just now? —Oh, I said that we ________ (have) a picnic next Sunday. 【答案】would have 【详解】句意：——抱歉？你刚才说什么？——哦，我说我们下周日要去野餐。此句是宾语从句，主句是一般过去时。根据从句的时间状语“next Sunday”可知，从句应用过去将来时：would do。故填would have。 2．You’re going to take part in the basketball match. I hope you ________ (win) the match. 【答案】will win 【详解】句意：你将去参加篮球赛。我希望你将会获胜。题干为宾语从句，win是动词，意思是“获胜，赢”。主句是一般现在时态，从句时态不受限制，根据“You’re going to take part in the basketball match.”可知，宾语从句的时态是一般将来时，结构是will+动词原形，故填will win。 3．The teacher told us that the earth ________ (travel) around the sun. 【答案】travels 【详解】句意：老师告诉学生们地球绕着太阳转。空格是宾语从句的谓语动词，从句陈述的是科学事实，所以时态只能用一般现在时，主语是“the earth”，所以谓语动词用三单形式，故填travels。 4．Tom asked why I ________ (be) late. 【答案】was 【详解】句意：汤姆问我为什么迟到。分析句子可知，why引导宾语从句；根据“Tom asked”可知，主句为一般过去时，从句也应用过去的时态，此处用一般过去时；主语为I，be动词用was。故填was。 5．I must think them over what ____________ (do) in the next step. 【答案】to do 【详解】句意：我必须考虑下一步该怎么做。根据“疑问词+to do”的结构可知，该空要用动词不定式，故填to do。 6．The Physics teacher told us that water ________ (change) into ice at the temperature of 0℃. 【答案】changes 【详解】句意：物理老师告诉我们，0℃时水会变成冰。change“改变”，根据“water…into ice at the temperature of 0℃”可知此处是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是water，谓语动词用单三。故填changes。 7．My brother wants a mobile phone which ________ (take) good pictures. 【答案】takes 【详解】句意：我弟弟想要一部拍照效果好的手机。分析句子可知，这句话是“which”引导的定语从句，先行词“a mobile phone”是第三人称单数，所以从句中谓语动词用三单形式“takes”。故填takes。 8．Zhang Guimei is the first person ________ set up a free high school for girls in China. 【答案】who/that 【详解】句意：张桂梅是第一个在中国设立免费女子高中的人。根据句意可知，本句为定语从句，先行词为the first person，并且在从句中作主语成分，故填who/that。 9．China is the first nation ___________ sent Change’e Ⅳ to the far side of the moon. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：中国是第一个将嫦娥四号发射到月球背面的国家。句子是定语从句，先行词是物nation，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词有序数词修饰，故此处用that引导定语从句。故填that。 10．She is the girl ________ (who) mother is a teacher. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：她就是母亲是教师的那个女孩。此空修饰名词mother，应填whose“谁的”作定语，故填whose。 三、完成句子 1．The factory where my father worked was closed last year. (改为同义句) The factory ________ ________ my father worked was closed last year. 【答案】 in which 【详解】句意：我爸爸工作的工厂去年关闭了。原句中“where my father worked”是一个定语从句，用来修饰先行词“the factory”。“where”在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“in which”。故填in；which。 2．“I’m sorry for taking up your time,” said Mary to her father. (改为间接引语) Mary ________ ________ her father for taking up his time. 【答案】 apologized to 【详解】句意：玛丽对父亲说：“很抱歉占用了你的时间。” 题干要求将原句改为间接引语，原句是表达道歉的直接引语，可用apologize to sb for doing sth“因为做某事而向某人道歉”结构，原句时态为一般过去时，间接引语时态需保持一致，apologize的过去式为apologized。故填apologized；to。 3．My father likes the songs. The songs are gentle. (改为含定语从句的主从复合句) My father likes the songs ________ ________gentle. 【答案】 that/which are 【详解】句意：我父亲喜欢那些轻柔的歌曲。通过分析句子结构，原句需要改为含定语从句的主从复合句，先行词the songs指物，在定语从句中作主语，因此关系代词可用that或which。定语从句的谓语are与先行词保持数的一致。故填that/which；are。 4．The reporter asked Martin, “Are you naturally gifted at dancing?”（改为间接引语) The reporter asked Martin ________ he ________ naturally gifted at dancing. 【答案】 if/whether was 【详解】句意：记者询问马丁，“你是天生有舞蹈天赋吗？”直接引语是一般疑问句，改为间接引语时需用if/whether引导宾语从句；主句谓语动词asked是一般过去时，宾语从句需用相应的过去时态；原句的主语you要变为he，he是第三人称单数，所以are要变为was。故填if/whether；was。 5．The reporter asked the girl, “Do you like your volunteer work on weekends?” (改为间接引语) The reporter asked the girl ________ she ________ her volunteer work on weekends. 【答案】 if/whether liked 【详解】句意：记者问女孩：“你喜欢你在周末的志愿者工作吗？”，直接引语为一般疑问句，将它改为间接引语时，需用if或whether引导，并将疑问语序改为陈述语序。主句谓语asked为过去时，因此从句谓语动词由一般现在时“like”改为一般过去时“liked”。故填：if/whether；liked。 6．未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。 The future belongs to those ________ ________ in the beauty of their dreams. 【答案】 who believe 【详解】根据题干和句意可知，本句为定语从句。先行词为“those”，指代“那些人”，引导词只能用关系代词“who”；动词“believe”意为“相信”，believe in意为“相信……”，根据“The future belongs to those”可知，应用一般现在时，而定语从句中主语“who”指代“那些人”，为复数，动词用原形，故填who; believe。 7．我仍记得那个已经在我心底留下深刻印象的电影。 I still remember the film ________ ________ left a deep impression on my heart. 【答案】 which/that has 【详解】分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，先行词是the film，且关系词在句中作主语，所以用which/that引导从句；根据汉语“已经”可知，时态是现在完成时，主语是单数，所以助动词用has。故填which/that；has。 8．不到长城非好汉。 He ________ ________ never been to the Great Wall is not a true man. 【答案】 who has 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处缺少定语从句引导词和助动词。根据汉语可知原句是一句俗语，先行词He是人，在定语从句中作主语，应用who引导；定语从句是现在完成时态have/has done，主语是三单，助动词用has。故填who；has。 9．老师告诉我们，我们可以在活动中做什么。 The teacher told us ________ ________ ________ ________ at the event. 【答案】 what we could do 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处为“我们可以做什么”。根据“The teacher told us”空格处应为what“什么”引导的宾语从句，从句应用陈述语序，且时态遵守“主过从必过”的原则，即从句时态应为一般过去时。“我们”we；“能”could，其后接动词原形“做”do。故填what；we；could；do。 10．研究表明AI能够提高学生的学习效率。 Research shows ________ AI ________ ________ students’ learning efficiency. 【答案】 that can improve 【详解】根据所给中英文对照可知，需要翻译的是“能够提高”。“能够”对应情态动词 “can”，其后接动词原形；“提高”译为 “improve”；主句是“Research shows”，从句是“AI...students’ learning efficiency.”，故第一空用that引导宾语从句，故填that；can；improve。 四、语法选择 A White Lie Last winter, my grandma was ill and stayed in hospital. To cheer her up, I visited her every day after school. One afternoon, while we were talking, she asked me 1 I had won the speech contest at school. In fact, I hadn’t even taken part in it, but seeing her hopeful eyes, I said yes. 2 her the truth at that moment seemed too cruel. So, I made up a story and described the event as much 3 than it really was. My only purpose was 4 her happy for a while. However, deep down I felt uneasy, because I knew honesty 5 important in any relationship. A few days later, my teacher phoned Grandma. I worried she would discover my lie. Surprisingly, after the call, she held my hand and said gently, “ 6 you tell me the truth or keep it to yourself, I understand your kindness.” Her words touched me deeply. I realized that a white lie, 7 out of love, could sometimes be meaningful. Not only 8 my grandma forgive me, but she also taught me 9 true care is about. That day, I learned 10 complex feelings can be when we try to protect those we love. 1．A．that B．whether C．why 2．A．Tell B．Telling C．Told 3．A．more exciting B．the most exciting C．exciting 4．A．to make B．making C．made 5．A．is B．was C．have been 6．A．Either B．Whether C．If 7．A．to tell B．told C．telling 8．A．do B．does C．did 9．A．what B．that C．which 10．A．how B．why C．when 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文讲述作者为让生病的奶奶开心而撒善意谎言，后被奶奶谅解并从中领悟到善意谎言与真爱的意义的故事。 1．句意：一天下午，我们聊天时，她问我是否在学校的演讲比赛中获奖了。 空后为宾语从句，表达“是否”的含义，whether引导宾语从句表“是否”，that引导宾语从句无实义，why表“为什么”，不符合语境。 2．句意：在那一刻告诉她真相似乎太残忍了。 空处作句子主语，动词作主语需用动名词形式，Telling是动名词形式。 3．句意：所以，我编了一个故事，把这件事描述得比实际情况更令人兴奋。 空后为“than”，提示此处需用形容词比较级，more exciting是比较级，the most exciting是最高级，exciting是原级，不符合语法要求。 4．句意：我唯一的目的是让她开心一会儿。 空处作表语，“purpose”后常接不定式作表语，to make是不定式形式。 5．句意：然而，我内心深处感到不安，因为我知道诚实在任何关系中都很重要。 空处所在句为客观真理，应用一般现在时，is符合时态要求。 6．句意：无论你告诉我真相还是自己藏在心里，我都理解你的善意。 空后为“or”，固定搭配whether...or...表“无论……还是……”。 7．句意：我意识到，出于爱而说出的善意谎言有时可能很有意义。 空处作后置定语修饰“lie”，与lie是被动关系，需用过去分词told。 8．句意：我的奶奶不仅原谅了我，还教会了我真正的关心是什么。 “Not only”置于句首需部分倒装，句子为过去时，需用助动词did。 9．句意：我的奶奶不仅原谅了我，还教会了我真正的关心是什么。 空后为宾语从句，从句中“about”后缺宾语，what引导宾语从句并作宾语，that不作成分，which表选择，不符合句法。 10．句意：那天，我明白了当我们试图保护我们所爱的人时，情感会多么复杂。 空后为形容词“complex”，需用how修饰表“多么”，why表“为什么”，when表“何时”，不符合语境。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题10 宾语从句和定语从句（复习讲义） 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 宾语从句 考点二 定语从句 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 从近5年广东中考命题内容上看，宾语从句是必考点，主要考查引导词、语序和时态 热考角度 考点 题型 考频 考查内容 宾语从句 引导词 语法选择 5年3考 ①2025年（1分）：what ②2024年（1分）：how ③2023年（1分）：why 短文填空 5年3考 ①2023年（1分）：what ②2022年（1分）：how ③2021年（1分）：what 语序和时态 语法选择 5年1考 2021年（1分）：how long it is 命题预测 宾语从句仍然是广东中考的重点，主要通过语法选择考查宾语从句的引导词、语序和时态的变化；宾语从句在短文填空中主要考查方式为根据语境填入恰当的疑问词。考生要熟练掌握宾语从句的“三要素”。 考点一 宾语从句 1．（2025·广东省卷·中考真题·语法选择）She was curious about mom was busy with. A．what B．that C．whether 2.（2024·广东省卷·中考真题·语法选择）His mother is satisfied with he spends his money. A．how B．which C．whether 3.（2024·广东省广州卷·中考真题·语法选择）They were so surprised at they saw. A．what B．that C．how D．which 4．（2023·广东省卷·中考真题·语法选择）There he was often asked he liked space camps so much. A．why B．when C．where 5.（2023·广东省广州卷·中考真题·语法选择）He decided he would get stronger. He would do exercises and flap (拍动) his wings every day. A．what B．why C．when D．that 6.（2024·广东省深圳卷·中考真题·短文填空）At first, we weren’t very good. We did not know the problem lay. 7.（2023·广东省卷·中考真题·短文填空）Without it, we might have tooth problems. Can you guess it is? Yes, it’s the toothbrush. 在复合句中，由一个完整的句子充当宾语，这个句子就是宾语从句。 核心一、宾语从句的引导词 巧记口诀：that/if/whether 无成分，who/whom/whose/what/which作主宾，when/where/why/how作状语 引导词 用法 例句 that 三无（无疑问，无成分，无意义），常省略 She doesn't know (that) she is seriously ill. if/whether 一无二表（无成分，表疑问，表意义“是否”），whether后可接or not I don't know if/whether you can help me. who/whom/what 指人，独立作主语或宾语 I wonder who took my dictionary. whose/which + sth.合起来作主语或宾语 I wonder what he is writing to me. when/where/why/how 作状语 Could you tell me where Tom has gone? 核心二、宾语从句的语序和时态 1、不管原句是什么语序，变为宾语从句后都改为陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语（+其他）”。 2、宾语从句的时态 ①主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句可以为任何时态。 例句：I think that he has finished his homework. ②主句是过去时，从句须为过去的某种时态。 例句：She said that she was working on the Internet. ③从句是客观真理或事实时，从句用现在时，不受主句时态的影响。 例句：Our head teacher told us that practice makes perfect. 核心三、宾语从句的简化 1．在疑问词引导的宾语从句中，当从句的主语与主句的主语或间接宾语一致时，从句可简化为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。该结构常见的主句谓语动词有remember，know，forget，learn，decide，choose，agree，ask，show，tell等。 如：Simon doesn’t know what he can do.＝Simon doesn’t know what to do. 2．“think/make/find...＋that”引导的宾语从句可简化为“think/make/find...＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 如：I think that this book is interesting.＝I think this book interesting. 3. 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称且谓语动词是believe，think，expect，suppose等表示观点、看法或信念的及物动词时，常把对从句的否定转移到主句中，使 语气更加委婉、自然。 如：肯定形式：I think they have finished their work. 我认为他们已经完成工作了。 否定形式：I don’t think they havefinished their work. 我认为他们还没有完成工作。 考点二 定语从句 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或者代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常置于其所修饰的名词或者代词之后，被修饰的名词或者代词叫作先行词。 如：The phone(先行词) which(关系词)I bought yesterday is expensive. 核心一、关系词的基本用法 类别 关系词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 关系代词 that 指人或物 作主语或宾语 which 指物 作主语或宾语 who 指人 作主语或宾语 whom 指人 作宾语 whose 指人或物 作定语 关系副词 when 时间名词 作状语 where 地点名词 作状语 why 原因 作状语 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时常常可以省略。 如：I’m looking for the book (which/that) you lent me last week. 核心二、关系词的特殊用法 1、只用that的情况： ①先行词是指物的不定代词如 something，anything，everything，nothing，all等时。 ②先行词被 the only，the very，the last等。 ③先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。 ④先行词既有人又有物时。 2、只用who的情况： 先行词是指人的不定代词如someone,anyone，everyone，no one，nobody等时 3、只用which／whom的情况： 在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，指物时只能用which，指人时只能用whom。 一、单项选择 1．—Do you know ________ AI is being used to create music? —I’m not sure. Maybe it’s cheaper than paying a musician. A．if B．how C．why D．when 2．— Miss Yang, can you tell me ________? — By keeping a diary. A．how I can improve my writing skills B．how can I improve my writing skills C．how often I should practice writing D．how often should I practice writing 3．—Our teacher showed us ________ we made mistakes and how to correct them in the exercise. —That’s wonderful. Having a good guide makes all the difference. A．what B．which C．where D．when 4．— AI is very popular these days. I wonder ________.   — I’m afraid not. It helps, but it can never take the place of our new ideas and feelings. A．what will happen in the future B．whether we can use it properly or not C．how we can control its development D．if it’ll make all the people lose their jobs 5．— I don’t know ________ the school art show will start next week. — Miss Li said it would be Wednesday afternoon. A．what B．where C．when D．why 6． I don’t know ______ or not he will come. A．if B．whether C．that D．when 7．— Betty, could you tell me ________ tomorrow morning? — Hang on. I’ll check it online. A．if it rains B．if it will rain C．when does it rain D．when will it rain 8．The teacher told us that the Earth ________ around the sun. A．moved B．be moved C．moves D．move 9．When visiting the Palace Museum, I wondered ______. A．what is life like here in the past B．what life is like here in the past C．what was life like here in the past D．what life was like here in the past 10．The president announced that he ________ a number of useless staffs. A．would fire B．has fired C．fires D．will fire 11．The chairperson warned that we ________ achieve our dreams if we didn’t work hard. A．will B．won’t C．would D．wouldn’t 12．The teacher asked us ________. A．why we are late for class B．why are we late for class C．why we were late for class D．why were we late for class 13．Do you know ________ over there? A．what happen B．what was happened C．what is happening D．what did happen 14．—May I come in? I’m sorry I’m late. —Come in, please. But could you tell me ________? A．how do you come to school B．what were you doing C．whom you came with D．why you are late 15．I don’t think he’s ever been to the Monkey Island, ________? A．isn’t he B．hasn’t he C．has he D．do I 16．The first place __________ Tom visited in Gansu was the old town of Shichuan. A．which B．who C．that D．what 17．Journey to the West is a book ________ influences teenagers a lot. It is very popular. A．who B．when C．which D．what 18．This is the only gift ________ I received on Christmas Day. A．that B．which C．who D．whom 19．The student ________ homework is perfect always studies hard. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 20．Zhang Hong, a Chinese man, is the first Asian blind climber has reached the top of Qomolangma. A．when B．whose C．which D．who 21．Our parents often talk about the people and the things ________ they can remember in their middle school. A．who B．whom C．which D．that 22．Don’t care those ________ laugh at you. Pay more attention to improving yourself. A．who B．whom C．which D．what 23．—Have you met the volunteer ________ is organizing the community book drive? —Yes! She’s the one ________ idea won the “Best Youth Project” award last year. A．which; whose B．that; who C．that; whose D．who; which 24．—Have you seen the film Leap? —Yes. It’s the best one ______I have ever seen. A．that B．which C．what D．how 25．—Sarah, do you know ________? —It’s on April 23. A．what is World Book Day B．what World Book Day is C．when World Book Day is D．when is World Book Day 二、单词拼写 1．—Pardon? What did you say just now? —Oh, I said that we ________ (have) a picnic next Sunday. 2．You’re going to take part in the basketball match. I hope you ________ (win) the match. 3．The teacher told us that the earth ________ (travel) around the sun. 4．Tom asked why I ________ (be) late. 5．I must think them over what ____________ (do) in the next step. 6．The Physics teacher told us that water ________ (change) into ice at the temperature of 0℃. 7．My brother wants a mobile phone which ________ (take) good pictures. 8．Zhang Guimei is the first person ________ set up a free high school for girls in China. 9．China is the first nation ___________ sent Change’e Ⅳ to the far side of the moon. 10．She is the girl ________ (who) mother is a teacher. 三、完成句子 1．The factory where my father worked was closed last year. (改为同义句) The factory ________ ________ my father worked was closed last year. 2．“I’m sorry for taking up your time,” said Mary to her father. (改为间接引语) Mary ________ ________ her father for taking up his time. 3．My father likes the songs. The songs are gentle. (改为含定语从句的主从复合句) My father likes the songs ________ ________gentle. 4．The reporter asked Martin, “Are you naturally gifted at dancing?”（改为间接引语) The reporter asked Martin ________ he ________ naturally gifted at dancing. 5．The reporter asked the girl, “Do you like your volunteer work on weekends?” (改为间接引语) The reporter asked the girl ________ she ________ her volunteer work on weekends. 6．未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。 The future belongs to those ________ ________ in the beauty of their dreams. 7．我仍记得那个已经在我心底留下深刻印象的电影。 I still remember the film ________ ________ left a deep impression on my heart. 8．不到长城非好汉。 He ________ ________ never been to the Great Wall is not a true man. 9．老师告诉我们，我们可以在活动中做什么。 The teacher told us ________ ________ ________ ________ at the event. 10．研究表明AI能够提高学生的学习效率。 Research shows ________ AI ________ ________ students’ learning efficiency. 四、语法选择 A White Lie Last winter, my grandma was ill and stayed in hospital. To cheer her up, I visited her every day after school. One afternoon, while we were talking, she asked me 1 I had won the speech contest at school. In fact, I hadn’t even taken part in it, but seeing her hopeful eyes, I said yes. 2 her the truth at that moment seemed too cruel. So, I made up a story and described the event as much 3 than it really was. My only purpose was 4 her happy for a while. However, deep down I felt uneasy, because I knew honesty 5 important in any relationship. A few days later, my teacher phoned Grandma. I worried she would discover my lie. Surprisingly, after the call, she held my hand and said gently, “ 6 you tell me the truth or keep it to yourself, I understand your kindness.” Her words touched me deeply. I realized that a white lie, 7 out of love, could sometimes be meaningful. Not only 8 my grandma forgive me, but she also taught me 9 true care is about. That day, I learned 10 complex feelings can be when we try to protect those we love. 1．A．that B．whether C．why 2．A．Tell B．Telling C．Told 3．A．more exciting B．the most exciting C．exciting 4．A．to make B．making C．made 5．A．is B．was C．have been 6．A．Either B．Whether C．If 7．A．to tell B．told C．telling 8．A．do B．does C．did 9．A．what B．that C．which 10．A．how B．why C．when 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $