专题07 阅读六选四 （上海专用）2026年高考英语二模分类汇编

专题07 阅读六选四 编者按：2026年上海十六区高三二模收集齐全，深度解析，排版整齐。 （一） （2025~2026学年闵行区二模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. This Is Why Your Dog Growls (低吼) When You Pet Them Learning dog body language can be challenging for beginners. If your dog growls when you pet them, they’re likely saying “no”. Sometimes your dog growls to set a boundary: they don’t want to be petted right now. ___47___ So we should watch their body language and environmental cues to determine the cause of the growling. Warning Growls Warning growls might sound scary, but it’s just your dog saying “no”. If your dog gives a warning growl when being petted, it doesn’t mean they’ll bite, but means they don’t want to be petted at all. Never punish or ignore a warning growl. We want our dogs to be able to say no, and punishing communication makes them less likely to communicate with us in the future. ___48___ Pain-Related Growls Your dog might not want to be touched if it is hurt or sick. They might growl when you touch a certain part of their body because it hurts or just feels uneasy. It may also refuse to eat, play, or move around as actively as it normally does. If growling is unusual for your dog, a trip to the animal hospital is a must. Any behavioral change like this can indicate that something’s wrong, so a good check-up is needed to rule that out. ___49___ Only after a professional examination can you be sure what is wrong. Happy Growls Some dog types are more likely to growl even when happy! This might be super confusing for you. After all, how do you tell the difference? ___50___ Are they lying on their back in your lap, relaxed and enjoying stomach rubs? This is a sign of a happy puppy! Context is also important. For instance, many dogs will growl when you’re rubbing a good spot, like their ears. They’ll continue leaning into your hand, indicating they want more! A. However, dogs can also growl out of pain or happiness. B. The key, in this case, is to observe your dog’s body language. C. Delaying medical attention could make its condition even worse. D. Noticing whether your dog is comfortable with contact is important. E. Therefore, reacting negatively to such signals may stop their expression. F. This may cause a dog to bite directly, as it feels its signals won’t be noticed otherwise. （二） （2025~2026学年金山区二模） Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. Traditional taxis will gradually disappear in the near future. B. Some users complain about the limited space inside Cybercab. C. This breakthrough can greatly benefit traffic safety and efficiency. D. Meanwhile, public trust and understanding need to be gradually built. E. It is no longer just a means of transport but an intelligent mobile space. F. However, this pioneering invention also brings unavoidable challenges. Cybercab: A New Era of Robotaxi Transportation The introduction of Tesla’s Cybercab has marked a groundbreaking step in the future of urban transportation. Designed as a dedicated robotaxi, this autonomous vehicle abandons conventional controls such as steering wheels and pedals, relying entirely on AI-powered Full Self-Driving (FSD) system. (47)________________ With a streamlined two-seat layout and advanced sensors, it aims to reshape how people travel in cities. Cybercab represents a giant leap in both technology and concept. Its core is an advanced neural network that processes visual data in real time, enabling precise navigation and response to complex road situations. According to official data, its safety level is roughly ten times higher than that of human driving. (48)________________ It can cut down traffic accidents, ease congestion and lower travel costs significantly. (49)________________ Many worry about legal responsibility, system security and ethical dilemmas(道德困境) in extreme situations. Public acceptance remains another barrier, as some passengers still feel uncomfortable riding in fully driverless vehicles. Technical reliability and emergency handling must be further tested and improved. To prepare for an era of autonomous mobility, governments, companies and the public need to work together. Clear laws and regulations should be made to define operation standards and responsibility. (50)________________ With continuous breakthroughs and cautious(谨慎的) promotion, Cybercab and similar innovations are expected to make transportation smarter, greener and more efficient for everyone. （三） （2025~2026学年松江区二模） Efforts to Enhance Wild Elephant Conservation Deep in the rainforests of southwest China’s Yunnan Province, every time winter comes, the amount of wild food goes down, leading to elephants’ frequent visits to villages in search of food. In Jiangcheng County, Pu’er City, more than 50 wild Asian elephants live all year round. The damage they cause is shocking. ____47____ A dedicated team is now working to ensure peaceful coexistence between humans and wild elephants, and Diao Faxing is the leader. He and his coworkers are tasked with monitoring Asian elephants and giving alerts. They must track the movements of dozens of elephants in real time over nearly 1,000 square kilometers. Once spotting elephants in the area, they give warnings to nearby villagers to keep their distance without delay. ____48____ He explained that in 2010, Yunnan Province started a public insurance system for wild animal incidents, fully funded by the government. The elephants usually come to eat villagers’ crops and then leave, which is almost like the locals are raising them. When such incidents occur, insurance companies pay money to households to make up for their losses. Thanks to proper assessment of the damage and government’s financial support, the system works smoothly. In 2022, Yunnan successfully applied to the State Council to establish the Asian Elephant National Park, with the proposed area covering over 386 square kilometers. ____49____. First, China’s National Park Law, which came into force on January 1, 2026, has provided a strong legal foundation for the park’s establishment. And according to the Department of Nature Reserve Management Office, other preparation is also advancing — baseline research, specialized resource surveys, habitat restoration, ecological repair, public education, and conflict resolution. The goal is to enhance protection and spread awareness to support the park’s establishment. Diao sees a win-win situation for both nature and human being. “Building an Asian Elephant National Park gives elephants a home. At the same time, we could develop tourism, with local people helping to attract visitors,” he said. ____50____ And that is the cornerstone of coexistence between people and elephants. A. Furthermore, Diao helps the insurance companies to assess elephant-related damages. B. Now various preparations of the park are progressing steadily in line with good planning. C. Therefore, local people decided to combine-their own efforts to drive the elephants away. D. In response to the application, local laws and policies are made and enacted at a fast pace. E. That is a severe problem facing the local people and different sides are attempting to solve it. F. To him, the park is a combination of locals’ peace and contentment and elephants’ suitable habitats. （四） （2025~2026学年浦东新区二模） The Power of Pebbling Every day, despite our demanding roles, we exchange small digital clips and emojis. These are meaningful signals that keep us connected, a way of saying, “I’m thinking of you.” In many ways, this is our newfound practice that keeps us connected when life pulls us in different directions. ____47____Inspired by Gentoo penguins (巴布亚企鹅) who offer pebbles to mates, pebbling in human relationships involves small, thoughtful gestures that show someone is on our mind. In a digital age, this means sharing videos, or articles that mirror our inner circles, serving as a modern love language that narrows emotional and physical distance. Technology can be a regenerative force for connection, though people remain doubtful about its role in human relationships. ____48____ While there may be some truth to these concerns, it’s also important to detail how technology can enhance our relationships. For those who are interested in less straight ways of knowing, the attempts for digital connection can remind us that relationships are not always defined by being physically close or responsive. ____49____ For those who find traditional forms of communication challenging, pebbling can be a strong alternative for expressing affection and maintaining closeness without the pressure of sustained conversation. Traditional expressions of affection may not feel genuine, but pebbling can allow for relational development through digital actions. In our fast-paced world, it’s tempting to dismiss these digital connections. Yet, by noticing how people create new forms of relationships, we can enrich our understanding. Screen time should not be seen only as an enemy of connection. ____50____ If that is the case, then our work is to keep searching and learning from how people adapt as relationships keep evolving. A. Critics argue that screens have replaced face-to-face conversations and that social media often creates shallow connections. B. In fact, pebbling can serve as a gentle bridge for those who are not used to conventional closeness. C. It is easy to overlook pebbling as an especially valuable form of communication for sociable people. D. It’s not surprising that this practice has earned a name: Pebbling. E. Rather, it can be a new path to building and maintaining close relationships. F. When transferred to human relationships, this practice involves tiny, considerate gestures. （五） （2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） A Cow Shocks Scientists by Using a Tool The smart animal club continues to add new members, and the newest might surprise you. In a study newly published, scientists from the University of Veterinary Medicine analyzed the behavior of a pet cow in Austria named Veronika and concluded that it qualifies as tool use. The definition of tool use is actually rather strict. ____47____ Despite roughly 10,000 years of human-cattle coexistence, this is the first time scientists have documented a cow using a tool. ____48____ They then recorded which end she grabbed and which part of her body she scratched (挠). According to the researchers, Veronika rolled out her tongue like a carpet, using its flexible tip to grab the stick and roll it into her mouth. She then held the brush steadily, turned her neck, and scratched herself. This observation made scientists reconsider cows’ intelligence. ____49____ Veronika, as researchers noted, had different preferences for scratching different areas of her body. For example, when targeting the softer and more sensitive regions of her lower body, she switches over to the smooth stick end. Moreover, when scratching her upper body, Veronika uses wider and more forceful movements, while her lower-body scratching is slower, more careful, and highly controlled. “The test confirmed Veronika’s behavior was intentional and controlled,” says Robert Shumaker, an evolutionary biologist. ____50____ There is already evidence that other mammals like water buffalo and goats are known tool users. A. More surprisingly, the animal can even adjust how she handles the tool. B. The multi-purpose nature of tool use is beyond everyone’s expectations. C. Her life circumstances may to some extent explain this unique behavior. D. An animal must intentionally grasp and control an object to achieve a goal. E. To test Veronika’s skills, researchers placed a brush on the ground near her. F. He is excited to add cows to the list of tool-using animals, but not surprised. （六） （2025~2026学年崇明区二模） Space Agencies Report Increased Risk of Space Rock Striking Earth in 2032 Scientists say the threat of a large space rock striking the Earth in 2032 has increased. Recent calculations suggest there is a small chance — perhaps around 1 to 3 percent — the space rock 2024 YR4 will hit Earth in 2032. ____47____ The probability of a strike will likely continue to go up and down as the asteroid’s path around the sun is better understood. NASA and the European Space Agency’s Webb Space Telescope will observe this near-Earth asteroid in March before the object becomes impossible to see. ____48____ A telescope in Chile discovered the asteroid 2024 YR4 in late December. It is estimated to measure between 40 and 90 meters across. NASA said observations by the Webb space telescope should provide a more exact measurement. At first, NASA and the European Space Agency put the probability of a strike at just over one percent. ____49____ Until scientists have a better understanding of the asteroid’s path around the sun, they warned that the probability will continue to change — and quite possibly fall to zero. Paul Chodas, director of NASA’s Center for Near-Earth Object Studies, said in an email to the Associated Press, “No one should be concerned that the impact probability is rising. This is the behavior our team expected.” Chodas added, “To be clear, we expect the impact probability to drop to zero at some point.” ____50____ If the asteroid is smaller, the effect might be similar to the Tunguska event that flattened thousands of square kilometers of forest in Siberia in 1908. But if the asteroid is larger, close to 100 meters, the effects would be significantly worse. Chodas said once the Webb telescope measures the asteroid’s size, NASA can predict “how serious an impact this asteroid could produce and how difficult a task it might be to deflect (使偏斜) this asteroid.” A. But later calculations suggested the probability had risen to 2 or even 3 percent. B. Once that happens, scientists will have to wait until 2028 when it passes our way again. C. This also means there is around a 97 to 99 percent chance it will safely pass our planet in that year. D. But it’s perfectly natural that the impact chances will “bounce around a bit” before dropping to zero. E. However, scientists infer the size of asteroids (小行星) from the amount of light they reflect, which also depends on their composition. F. Since the asteroid’s size and orbit are uncertain, it is unclear where it might hit and what the possible effects would be should it strike Earth. （七） （2025~2026学年长宁区二模） It’s easier to cheat when you can blame AI People are more likely to cheat when they assign a task to artificial intelligence instead of doing it themselves, suggests a new study. To explore whether and under what circumstances AI supports dishonest behavior, researchers conducted an experiment. Participants were shown 10 die rolls (掷骰子) on a computer screen and told to report the numbers. The higher the numbers rolled, the more money they would earn. ____47____ The researchers found that when participants self-reported the numbers, they were honest about 95% of the time. But when participants instructed AI to report the numbers, they were more likely to cheat by phrasing their prompts (提示) in a way that would help them maximize their profits. ____48____ Only 12% of the participants in this group chose to tell the algorithm (计算程序) to maximize accuracy while 29% told the algorithm to maximize profit. The rest set a goal for AI that was somewhere in between. Psychological research suggests that when people cheat they often don’t do it to the fullest extent possible. This explains why more participants prompted the AI to do something in between maximizing accuracy and maximizing profit. ____49____ Previous research suggests people may justify dishonest behavior by shifting responsibility to others-in this case, an AI, the researchers said. For the researchers, the take-away is that AI makes it easier to avoid taking responsibility for moral mistakes, a problem they believe is likely to become more common. ____50____ That, says Nils Köbis, a professor at the University of Duisburg-Essen in Germany, is definitely “a silver lining”, that is, there is always something better we could do in a bad situation. A. How come people turn to AI for a higher profit? B. In one group, for example, participants could choose to tell AI to “maximize accuracy”, “maximize profit” or do something in between. C. “Maximize profit” is obviously a better option than “maximize accuracy.” D. Their research suggests giving people an option to do the task themselves, rather than hand it over to AI, may help them be more honest. E. They were then randomly assigned to either report the die-roll numbers themselves or instruct an AI agent to do it for them. F. Why does AI make cheating easier overall? （八） （2025~2026学年静安区二模） The Brain Before and After Birth In a new study, researchers analyzed 184 brain scans collected from 140 fetuses (胎儿) and infants before and shortly after birth. These scans provided a clear view of how the brain changes across this transitional period. ___47___ To overcome this challenge, the research team used an innovative approach: a soft detection device placed gently on the mother’s belly, combined with AI algorithms to remove motion interference. ___48___ The scans revealed a significant increase in neuronal activity around birth within specific brain networks. These include the sensorimotor network, responsible for processing external stimuli such as light and sound and coordinating movement, and the deep relay network, which acts as an information hub between different brain regions. ___49___ After birth, infants are suddenly exposed to a flood of sensory information — from hospital equipment sounds to new smells and lights. The brain must quickly prepare to handle a much “noisier” world. As the lead researcher noted, “Until now, little was known about how brain activity actually changes at the moment of birth.” The new findings now begin to fill this gap. A deeper finding showed that while functional connections between neurons increased sharply around birth, the efficiency of communication improved more gradually. ___50___ It does this by adjusting its structure and removing unnecessary links through a process known as synaptic pruning. These findings now enable researchers to systematically explore how environmental factors shape early brain development and plan to compare brain network growth in preterm and full-term babies to see if early development differs. A. This allowed them to clean data and reconstruct neural activity in the fetal brain. B. In fact, this efficiency reaches its peak during the fetal stage. C. This suggests after forming many connections, the brain needs time to refine its network. D. However, scientists have long struggled to capture clear signals from the fetal brain. E. The activation of these areas has a clear adaptive value. F. Some researchers argue that genetic programming alone drives these early changes. （九） （2025~2026学年宝山区二模） MIYAZAKI HAYAO This Japanese treasure is considered by some to be the world's greatest animator When people discuss famous directors or filmmakers, names like Steven Spielberg, James Cameron and Peter Jackson often come to mind. Miyazaki Hayao is one name that's sometimes overlooked even though he's frequently compared to some of these men. ___47___ Praise for the award-winning producer, director, animator and filmmaker seems never-ending. His six-decade career has been described as one that is “marked by genius and wonder ...” Miyazaki's spectacular stories transport audiences to magical worlds with memorable characters. As beautiful as the talented animator's stories are, there's often a dark side to them as well as they often feature war, environmental destruction and more. No doubt images from 1940s war-torn Japan left a lasting impression on young Miyazaki, who was born in Tokyo in 1941. During his first few years, his family moved several times, seeking safety. The fears and feelings of instability and danger associated with his childhood made their way into most of Miyazaki's stories. ___48___ An often-used character in Miyazaki's stories is that of the strong and capable heroine. After graduating from college in 1963, Miyazaki began working as an animator at Toei Animation. ___49___ Throughout the 1970s, Miyazaki worked at different studios on various projects while continuing to develop his skills. The 1980s brought incredible success and change, which was initiated by the 1984 release of his film Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind. Its great success allowed Miyazaki and two friends to establish their own animation studio, Studio Ghibli, in 1985. ___50___ At 83 Miyazaki Hayao has considered retirement; and in fact, he's attempted to retire at least three times. But each attempt has been followed by another masterpiece: Spirited Away (2001), The Wind Rises (2013) and The Boy and the Heron (2023). Some have said that The Boy and the Heron, which won the 2024 Academy Award for the best animated feature film, feels like a farewell. Yet Studio Ghibli's vice president Junichi Nishioka is doubtful, saying Miyazaki will likely have a pencil in his hand until the very end. A. Since then, Studio Ghibli has turned out one film after another, most of which have received critical praise. B. Miyazaki just focused on his works instead of others' evaluation, attitude and feelings. C. These dark themes, however, are balanced out by stories of love, loyalty and the importance of family. D. People around the world love Miyazaki for his magnificent hand-drawn animation. E. As a result, Miyazaki's stories ran across lots of negative responses besides positive ones. F. It wasn't long before others noticed his tremendous drawing skills as well as his extraordinary animation style. （十） （2025~2026学年普陀区二模） Dancing into Middle Age By my early 40s, I had exhausted all the hobbies that were supposed to make me feel better about entering middle age. I had started learning a new language, launched myself into an unsuccessful pursuit of a craft only to collect a pile of handmade books, and given yoga a second chance. And then, at the height of my low-grade desperation, I decided to sign up for a ballet class. Not being flexible, I could see how I didn’t exactly look like prospective ballerina (芭蕾舞女演员) material. ____47____ I needed confirmation that my body was capable of movement and grace. And though I’d expected my classes to be physically demanding and my muscles to ache, I hadn’t anticipated that my teacher’s command to”take up more space” would change my way of being in the world. My teacher reminded me that ballet isn’t about perfection. ____48____ Slowly, I started becoming more comfortable with the body I saw staring back at me in the mirror. My posture still needs improving and my jumps are never as high as they feel. But the idea that my body hasn’t become fixed and that it’s still a work in progress encourages me. ____49____ Instead of noticing only the beginnings of older age arriving, I now marvel at the changes I’ve seen as I’ve learned to stand with more confidence and courage. As for the imperfections? They’ re part of being alive. Eight years into my ballet classes, I’m what you would call a lifelong advanced beginner. ____50____ Why do I continue? Because when I do my daily ballet class, I focus on my breathing and move my body in ways that always challenge me and remind me of everything that is possible. Recently, my teacher taught us a beginner-appropriate version of the dance from Sleeping Beauty. As I stood in my living room, balancing unsteadily on my toes and dancing for nobody but myself, I felt every inch a ballerina. A. Every move made by me then invited my teacher’s critical evaluation. B. If anything, ballet is forcing me to rethink my relationship with my body. C. But I was determined to give it a try. D. Rather, he said, it’s about striving for perfection. E. I nearly injured myself the one time I tried to lift my leg onto the desk in an attempt to stretch. F. At the age of 50, I am finally a ballerina, though not the kind that anybody would pay money to see on stage. （十一） （2025~2026学年杨浦区二模） Water Industry to Be Cleaned Up The Government has promised to clean up the water industry in England and Wales following the publication of a new report. ___47___ Lots of sewage spills polluting waterways, plus the rising cost of people’s water bills, are problems in the UK. Sewage is waste water from paths, sinks and toilets. In 2024, the Government set up the Independent Water Commission to investigate the water industry in England and Wales. The commission’s findings were published in a report that contained 88 recommendations to improve the way the water industry is run. ___48___ One is closing Ofwat, the organization responsible for making sure water companies deliver a good service for their customers and the environment. The minister said that, as well as angry customers, Ofwat has “failed to protect our waterways from record levels of pollution”. The report recommends replacing Ofwat with one regulator in England and another in Wales. Currently, responsibilities are split between Ofwat and three other agencies. The Government has promised to halve the amount of sewage pumped into rivers, lakes and seas within five years. Last year, sewage was released into England’s rivers and seas around 450,000 times. ___49___ However, people’s water bills may rise to pay for this. Some responses to the Government’s promises were positive. The Liberal Democrat party said it supports phasing out Ofwat. Mark Lloyd, from the Rivers Trust campaign group said the recommendations would lead to a dramatic improvement in the water environment. ___50___ A. The Government will also spend £104 billion to repair damaged pipes, build water treatment works and water storage facilities. B. Its plans include cutting pollution in rivers and seas and changing the way water companies are held responsible. C. But three billion liters of water are wasted every day in the UK because of leaky pipes. D. However, some activists said the report recommendations failed to prioritize public benefit over private profit and the public are tired of swimming in sewage and drowning in rising bills. E. Environment Secretary says the Government will adopt five of these straight away. F. It has announced that a new law concerning environmental protection will come into effect next year. （十二） （2025~2026学年嘉定区二模） The Sciencewashing of Everyday Life There stands a display model of a face mask in my local beauty store. Its package is covered with words like “patents”, “peptides”, and “double helix”. I have no idea what any of this means. But this is science. The mask costs $75. ____47____ Brands describe themselves as “biology-first” or “powered by biotech.” Creams promise to work “at a molecular (分子) level.” Lipsticks contain acids with “different molecular weights.” Water is sold with extra hydrogen (氢), as if two atoms were no longer enough. Even sports drinks, which once relied on images of sweating athletes, now proudly announce that they are “lab tested.” In a crowded market, science has become the new symbol of quality. Marketing has always borrowed from science, but it used to be more direct. A cereal contained fiber, and fiber was good for you. ____48____ They were informed but plainspoken, employing the simple logic of cause and effect. They talked, basically, like a family medicine doctor. Today’s ads, by contrast, talk like the Ph.D. kind of doctor. They use long, complex words and refer to things viewable only under a microscope. The goal is not always to explain, but to confuse. ____49____ “People like buying products that are research-backed,” said Neil Lewis Jr., a behavioral scientist at Cornell. “But most people, they are not professional enough to actually evaluate those claims. They don’t have the time or specific knowledge, so they just look for some signals. That gives their everyday consumption a serious, almost academic appearance.” But here is the problem. ____50____ Government financial support has weakened, people’s trust in scientists has fallen, and many researchers have left public institutions. It is unsettling to imagine we are approaching a world in which scientists are employed not by independent institutions but only by companies — a world where science itself serves as advertising. A. A cream had vitamin C, and vitamin C helped skin. B. Many of the claims are reasonable, while others are meaningless nonsense. C. When science is being used to sell creams and drinks, science as a public good is under threat. D. Across fashion, beauty, and food, scientific language has become a powerful sales tool. E. In fact, science in the private interest doesn’t necessarily work like that. F. No one is looking up an academic study to make sure the claims on their package are accurate. （十三） （2025~2026学年黄浦区二模） These Beautiful Birds Form Something Like Lasting Friendships True friends, most people would agree, are there for each other. Sometimes it means helping each other move. Sometimes that means offering emotional support. And if you’re a superb starling, it means stuffing small insects down the throats of your friends’ children, secure in the expectation that they will eventually do the same for yours. Superb starlings are distinguishing among animals that breed (繁殖) cooperatively. ____47____ New parents rely on up to 16 helpers, which bring chicks extra food and help run off killers. Dr. Rubenstein’s lab has maintained a 20-year field study of the species that included 40 breeding seasons. ____48____ When Dr. Earl, then a graduate student in the lab, began analyzing the data, she and her team were not shocked to see that birds largely helped relatives, the way an aunt or uncle may temporarily come to babysit and give parents a break. ____49____ Birds new to the group helped those born within it, and the opposite was also true. And because superb starlings often switch between breeding and helping roles, the team found that individual birds that helped non-relatives one breeding season later had their good deeds repaid, sometimes repeatedly. “The starlings are consistently investing in the same preferred social partners over their lives,” Dr. Earl said. “To me, that sounds like friendship.” And today, as many experts worry about a widespread of human loneliness, there could be value in learning lessons from the superb starling. ____50____ But maybe don’t offer to stuff small insects down the mouths of your friends’ kids. Luckily, you can always offer to babysit. A. Their groups mix family groups with settlers from other groups. B. In other words, strong relationships are often built from providing help. C. Scientists have long known that social animals usually put blood relatives first. D. But to their surprise, they found that starlings also helped non-relatives, including when they might have helped family instead. E. The behavior of superb starlings also suggests that sustaining these sorts of relationships with unrelated fellows benefits everybody. F. It has recorded thousands of interactions between hundreds of the birds and collected DNA to examine their biological relationships. （十四） （2025~2026学年虹口区二模） Will We Lose Our Ability to Think? For most of my career, I taught writing, literature, and language, primarily to university students. But I quit last fall, in large part, because of large language models (LLMs). Virtually all experienced scholars know that writing, as historian Lynn Hunt argued, is “not the transcription of thoughts already consciously present in mind.” ____47____ Writing is hard work. It is sometimes frightening. With the easy temptation of AI, many — possibly most — of my students were no longer willing to push through discomfort. In my most recent job, I taught academic writing at a technical college. My graduate students, many of whom were computer scientists, understood the mechanisms of generative AI better than I do. They recognized LLMs as unreliable research tools that invent things. They knew that models are trained on existing data and therefore cannot produce novel research. ____48____ Several students admitted to drafting their research in note form and asking AI to write their articles. Students who outsource their writing to AI lose an opportunity to think more deeply about their research. In a recent article on art and generative AI, author Ted Chiang put it this way: “Using AI to complete assignments is like bringing a forklift into the weight room; you will never improve this way.” Chiang also notes that the hundreds of small choices we make as writers are just as important as the initial conception. ____49____ Still, I found myself spending more time giving feedback to AI than to my students. So I quit. The best educators will adapt to AI. In some ways, the changes will be positive. Teachers must move away from mechanical activities or assigning simple summaries. ____50____ However, with few exceptions, my students were not willing to enter those uncomfortable spaces or remain there long enough to discover the power of writing. A. Decisions regarding vocabulary and other elements of style contribute nearly as much to a text’s meaning as the underlying research. B. However, that knowledge did not stop my students from relying heavily on generative AI. C. However, the technology often changes vocabulary and alters meaning even when the only task is “fix the grammar.” D. Rather, writing is a process closely tied to thinking. E. The problem was not recognizing AI-generated or AI-revised text. F. They will find ways to encourage students to think and learn that writing is a way of generating ideas. （十五） （2025~2026学年徐汇区二模） Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. Young himself maintains 35 feeders, spacing them apart to reduce conflicts between species. B. Attracting birds starts with the right setup. C. A camera or a monitor is supposed to be installed near your house to observe the birds. D. Nectar feeders require daily or every-other-day cleaning to avoid mold and fermentation. E. Keeping feeders indoors will surely make your life full of fun and pleasure. F. Provide natural cover like trees, shrubs, or brush piles to shelter birds from predators. Bird watching has become a national pastime: 96 million Americans engage in it, with 91 million doing so from home, spending an estimated $4 billion annually on feed. Beyond personal enjoyment, backyard sightings contribute to scientific research. Programs like Project FeederWatch use these observations to track long-term changes in bird populations. (47) ____________________________________________ Expert Matt Young recommends beginning with a platform feeder—a flat tray that accommodates both large and small birds. For drier seed, a hopper feeder with a roof works well. To increase diversity, add tube feeders for finches, suet feeders for woodpeckers and wrens, and nectar feeders for hummingbirds. At the Paton Center in Arizona, specialists also use native pollinator plants to provide both food and shelter. (48) ____________________________________________ Black oil sunflower seed is the universal choice, favored for its high oil and fat content. Other foods attract specific birds: millet and cracked corn for sparrows and doves; peanuts for jays and chickadees; halved oranges for orioles and robins; and Nyjer seed for finches, which often arrive in colorful flocks. Place feeders where you can enjoy the view—near a window or from a common room—but ensure safety. Hang feeders within three feet of glass to prevent fatal collisions, or at least 30 feet away. (49) ____________________________________________ Adding a water source for drinking and bathing will encourage birds to linger. Regular cleaning is essential to prevent disease. Clean feeders every two weeks with soap and water, then soak in a diluted bleach solution (nine parts water to one part bleach) and dry completely before refilling. (50) ____________________________________________ As Young notes, "You take care of the birds in your yard and they'll take care of you." This responsibility is part of the joy of birding, transforming any backyard into a haven for wildlife and a source of scientific contribution. （十六） （2025~2026学年青浦区二模） Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. A. Later, the interval was extended to 10, then 20 years, to lengthen the experiment’s lifespan and gather data over a longer period. B. However, the experiment’s findings have raised more questions than they have answered. C. Many scientists doubt whether the experiment will continue to provide useful data in the future. D. Its goal was to close a major gap in botanical knowledge about how long seeds can stay alive in nature. E. What’s more, this surprising result has greatly changed people’s traditional understanding of seed life. F. Later, they dug up all bottles at once to check the results immediately. The Lengthy Seed Experiment One of humanity’s longest-running and most classic scientific experiments, the William Beal Seed Viability Experiment, was initiated in 1879 by renowned botanist William James Beal at Michigan State University.    47    At the time Beal started the experiment, little was known about seed longevity, and his work aimed to fill this gap with systematic, long-term observation. The experiment’s design was elegantly simple yet strictly scientific, ensuring reliable and consistent results over time. Beal carefully collected seeds from 23 common plant species native to the Michigan area, ranging from wildflowers to grasses. This simple but strict design was key to the experiment’s long-term success and reliability. He then mixed each group of seeds with damp sand to closely imitate the natural soil environment, providing water and the protection seeds would experience underground. These mixtures were sealed in 20 identical glass bottles, which were buried upside down on the university campus to prevent water build-up and rot. The bottles were placed in a quiet, undisturbed area, ensuring they would only be touched during scheduled digs. Initially, a bottle was dug up every five years to test seed survival ability.    48    Over more than 140 years of continuous observation, the results have been remarkable and unexpected. While most seeds lost their ability to grow within just a few decades, a small number of species have challenged all expectations. As of the 2021 dig, seeds of some plants successfully grew in laboratory tests — proving their extraordinary ability to survive inactive in soil for over a century.    49    The experiment’s results have had a far-reaching impact on conservation and agricultural practices.    50    Scientists continue to debate why certain species maintain survival ability far longer than others — whether it is due to the thickness of their seed coats, the amount of internal nutrient storage, or other unique biological features. Additionally, the experiment’s controlled conditions, including consistent soil composition, temperature, and dampness levels, raise questions about how well the results translate into the diverse and often unpredictable natural habitats found around the world. As the experiment continues (with the next dig planned for 2040), it remains a powerful proof to scientific patience and dedication, offering invaluable insights that only the passage of time can reveal. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读六选四 编者按：2026年上海十六区高三二模收集齐全，深度解析，排版整齐。 （一） （2025~2026学年闵行区二模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. This Is Why Your Dog Growls (低吼) When You Pet Them Learning dog body language can be challenging for beginners. If your dog growls when you pet them, they’re likely saying “no”. Sometimes your dog growls to set a boundary: they don’t want to be petted right now. ___47___ So we should watch their body language and environmental cues to determine the cause of the growling. Warning Growls Warning growls might sound scary, but it’s just your dog saying “no”. If your dog gives a warning growl when being petted, it doesn’t mean they’ll bite, but means they don’t want to be petted at all. Never punish or ignore a warning growl. We want our dogs to be able to say no, and punishing communication makes them less likely to communicate with us in the future. ___48___ Pain-Related Growls Your dog might not want to be touched if it is hurt or sick. They might growl when you touch a certain part of their body because it hurts or just feels uneasy. It may also refuse to eat, play, or move around as actively as it normally does. If growling is unusual for your dog, a trip to the animal hospital is a must. Any behavioral change like this can indicate that something’s wrong, so a good check-up is needed to rule that out. ___49___ Only after a professional examination can you be sure what is wrong. Happy Growls Some dog types are more likely to growl even when happy! This might be super confusing for you. After all, how do you tell the difference? ___50___ Are they lying on their back in your lap, relaxed and enjoying stomach rubs? This is a sign of a happy puppy! Context is also important. For instance, many dogs will growl when you’re rubbing a good spot, like their ears. They’ll continue leaning into your hand, indicating they want more! A. However, dogs can also growl out of pain or happiness. B. The key, in this case, is to observe your dog’s body language. C. Delaying medical attention could make its condition even worse. D. Noticing whether your dog is comfortable with contact is important. E. Therefore, reacting negatively to such signals may stop their expression. F. This may cause a dog to bite directly, as it feels its signals won’t be noticed otherwise. 【答案】47. A 48. F 49. C 50. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍狗狗被抚摸时低吼的几种原因，包括警告性低吼、因疼痛低吼和开心时低吼，并提醒主人通过观察肢体语言与环境判断原因，正确应对。 【47题详解】 根据上文“Sometimes your dog growls to set a boundary: they don’t want to be petted right now.(有时狗狗低吼是在设定界限：它们现在不想被抚摸。)”可知，前文先提出一种低吼原因，结合下文“So we should watch their body language and environmental cues to determine the cause of the growling.(因此我们需要观察它们的肢体语言和环境线索来判断低吼的原因。)”可知，空处需要说明狗狗低吼还有其他原因。A选项（然而，狗狗也可能因为疼痛或开心而低吼。）承接上文一种原因，引出还有其他可能性，为下文判断原因做铺垫，符合语境。故选A项。 【48题详解】 根据上文“Never punish or ignore a warning growl. We want our dogs to be able to say no, and punishing communication makes them less likely to communicate with us in the future.(绝对不要惩罚或忽视警告性低吼。我们希望狗狗能表达拒绝，而惩罚这种交流行为会让它们以后更不愿意和我们沟通。)”可知，前文说明惩罚警告低吼的坏处，空处需要进一步说明后果。F选项（这可能会导致狗狗直接咬人，因为它觉得自己的信号不会被注意到。）承接上文，具体解释忽视或惩罚低吼带来的严重后果，符合语境。故选F项。 【49题详解】 根据上文“If growling is unusual for your dog, a trip to the animal hospital is a must. Any behavioral change like this can indicate that something’s wrong, so a good check-up is needed to rule that out.(如果这种低吼对你的狗狗来说不寻常，去宠物医院是必须的。任何这样的行为变化都可能意味着身体出了问题，所以需要全面检查来排除。)”可知，本段强调及时就医的重要性，空处需要说明拖延就医的危害。C选项（拖延就医可能会让它的情况变得更糟。）承接上文，强调立刻检查的必要性，符合语境。故选C项。 【50题详解】 根据上文“This might be super confusing for you. After all, how do you tell the difference?(这可能让你非常困惑。毕竟，你要怎么分辨呢？)”以及下文“Are they lying on their back in your lap, relaxed and enjoying stomach rubs?(它们是否仰躺在你腿上，放松地享受揉肚子？)”可知，空处需要给出分辨开心低吼的方法。B选项（这种情况下，关键是观察狗狗的肢体语言。）总领下文，引出通过肢体动作判断情绪的具体内容，符合语境。故选B项。 （二） （2025~2026学年金山区二模） Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. Traditional taxis will gradually disappear in the near future. B. Some users complain about the limited space inside Cybercab. C. This breakthrough can greatly benefit traffic safety and efficiency. D. Meanwhile, public trust and understanding need to be gradually built. E. It is no longer just a means of transport but an intelligent mobile space. F. However, this pioneering invention also brings unavoidable challenges. Cybercab: A New Era of Robotaxi Transportation The introduction of Tesla’s Cybercab has marked a groundbreaking step in the future of urban transportation. Designed as a dedicated robotaxi, this autonomous vehicle abandons conventional controls such as steering wheels and pedals, relying entirely on AI-powered Full Self-Driving (FSD) system. (47)________________ With a streamlined two-seat layout and advanced sensors, it aims to reshape how people travel in cities. Cybercab represents a giant leap in both technology and concept. Its core is an advanced neural network that processes visual data in real time, enabling precise navigation and response to complex road situations. According to official data, its safety level is roughly ten times higher than that of human driving. (48)________________ It can cut down traffic accidents, ease congestion and lower travel costs significantly. (49)________________ Many worry about legal responsibility, system security and ethical dilemmas(道德困境) in extreme situations. Public acceptance remains another barrier, as some passengers still feel uncomfortable riding in fully driverless vehicles. Technical reliability and emergency handling must be further tested and improved. To prepare for an era of autonomous mobility, governments, companies and the public need to work together. Clear laws and regulations should be made to define operation standards and responsibility. (50)________________ With continuous breakthroughs and cautious(谨慎的) promotion, Cybercab and similar innovations are expected to make transportation smarter, greener and more efficient for everyone. 【答案】 47. E | 48. C | 49. F | 50. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍特斯拉 Cybercab 无人驾驶出租车的技术突破、优势，同时指出其面临的法律、安全、公众接受度等挑战，需多方协作推动发展。 36. 答案：E 【解析】考查上下文衔接。前文介绍 Cybercab 摒弃传统控制、依赖自动驾驶，后文提及其座椅布局与传感器，此处承接说明它不再只是交通工具，而是智能移动空间，故选 E。 37. 答案：C 【解析】考查上下文衔接。前文提及其安全度是人类驾驶的十倍，后文说可减少事故、缓解拥堵，此处说明这一突破对交通安全与效率的益处，故选 C。 38. 答案：F 【解析】考查上下文衔接。后文讲法律责任、系统安全、公众接受度等问题，此处转折引出这项发明带来的挑战，故选 F。 39. 答案：D 【解析】考查上下文衔接。前文说需制定法规，此处补充同时要逐步建立公众信任与理解，故选 D。 （三） （2025~2026学年松江区二模） Efforts to Enhance Wild Elephant Conservation Deep in the rainforests of southwest China’s Yunnan Province, every time winter comes, the amount of wild food goes down, leading to elephants’ frequent visits to villages in search of food. In Jiangcheng County, Pu’er City, more than 50 wild Asian elephants live all year round. The damage they cause is shocking. ____47____ A dedicated team is now working to ensure peaceful coexistence between humans and wild elephants, and Diao Faxing is the leader. He and his coworkers are tasked with monitoring Asian elephants and giving alerts. They must track the movements of dozens of elephants in real time over nearly 1,000 square kilometers. Once spotting elephants in the area, they give warnings to nearby villagers to keep their distance without delay. ____48____ He explained that in 2010, Yunnan Province started a public insurance system for wild animal incidents, fully funded by the government. The elephants usually come to eat villagers’ crops and then leave, which is almost like the locals are raising them. When such incidents occur, insurance companies pay money to households to make up for their losses. Thanks to proper assessment of the damage and government’s financial support, the system works smoothly. In 2022, Yunnan successfully applied to the State Council to establish the Asian Elephant National Park, with the proposed area covering over 386 square kilometers. ____49____. First, China’s National Park Law, which came into force on January 1, 2026, has provided a strong legal foundation for the park’s establishment. And according to the Department of Nature Reserve Management Office, other preparation is also advancing — baseline research, specialized resource surveys, habitat restoration, ecological repair, public education, and conflict resolution. The goal is to enhance protection and spread awareness to support the park’s establishment. Diao sees a win-win situation for both nature and human being. “Building an Asian Elephant National Park gives elephants a home. At the same time, we could develop tourism, with local people helping to attract visitors,” he said. ____50____ And that is the cornerstone of coexistence between people and elephants. A. Furthermore, Diao helps the insurance companies to assess elephant-related damages. B. Now various preparations of the park are progressing steadily in line with good planning. C. Therefore, local people decided to combine-their own efforts to drive the elephants away. D. In response to the application, local laws and policies are made and enacted at a fast pace. E. That is a severe problem facing the local people and different sides are attempting to solve it. F. To him, the park is a combination of locals’ peace and contentment and elephants’ suitable habitats. 【答案】47. E 48. A 49. B 50. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国云南为保护野生亚洲象采取的措施，包括监测预警、保险赔付和建设国家公园等。 【47题详解】 根据前文“The damage they cause is shocking.(它们造成的破坏令人震惊)”可知，前文描述了野象破坏带来的严重问题，E选项“That is a severe problem facing the local people and different sides are attempting to solve it.(这是当地人民面临的严峻问题，各方正努力解决)”承接前文，点明问题严重性并引出后续解决措施，符合语境。故选E项。 【48题详解】 根据后文“He explained that in 2010, Yunnan Province started a public insurance system for wild animal incidents, fully funded by the government.(他解释说，2010年云南省启动了由政府全额出资的野生动物事件公共保险制度)”和“When such incidents occur, insurance companies pay money to households to make up for their losses.(当此类事件发生时，保险公司会向农户赔付以弥补损失)”可知，本段围绕野象损害保险赔付展开，A选项“Furthermore, Diao helps the insurance companies to assess elephant-related damages.(此外，刁帮助保险公司评估与大象相关的损失)”衔接后文保险赔付相关内容，符合语境。故选A项。 【49题详解】 根据前文“In 2022, Yunnan successfully applied to the State Council to establish the Asian Elephant National Park, with the proposed area covering over 386 square kilometers.(2022年，云南成功向国务院申请建立亚洲象国家公园，规划面积超386平方公里)”以及后文“First, China’s National Park Law, which came into force on January 1, 2026, has provided a strong legal foundation for the park’s establishment. And according to the Department of Nature Reserve Management Office, other preparation is also advancing — baseline research, specialized resource surveys, habitat restoration, ecological repair, public education, and conflict resolution.(首先，2026年1月1日生效的《国家公园法》为公园建设奠定了坚实法律基础。据自然保护区管理办公室介绍，其他准备工作也在推进——基线调查、专项资源勘察、栖息地修复、生态修复、公众教育和冲突化解)”可知，前文提及申请建设亚洲象国家公园，后文介绍各项筹备工作，B选项“Now various preparations of the park are progressing steadily in line with good planning.(目前公园各项筹备工作正按规划稳步推进)”承上启下，引出后文具体筹备内容，符合语境。故选B项。 【50题详解】 根据前文“Building an Asian Elephant National Park gives elephants a home. At the same time, we could develop tourism, with local people helping to attract visitors(建设亚洲象国家公园为大象提供家园。同时，我们可以发展旅游业，让当地人帮忙吸引游客)”可知，前文讲述对国家公园双赢价值的看法，F选项“To him, the park is a combination of locals’ peace and contentment and elephants’ suitable habitats.(在他看来，这个公园兼顾了当地人的安居乐业和大象的适宜栖息地)”承接前文观点，进一步阐释国家公园的双赢意义，符合语境。故选F项。 （四） （2025~2026学年浦东新区二模） The Power of Pebbling Every day, despite our demanding roles, we exchange small digital clips and emojis. These are meaningful signals that keep us connected, a way of saying, “I’m thinking of you.” In many ways, this is our newfound practice that keeps us connected when life pulls us in different directions. ____47____Inspired by Gentoo penguins (巴布亚企鹅) who offer pebbles to mates, pebbling in human relationships involves small, thoughtful gestures that show someone is on our mind. In a digital age, this means sharing videos, or articles that mirror our inner circles, serving as a modern love language that narrows emotional and physical distance. Technology can be a regenerative force for connection, though people remain doubtful about its role in human relationships. ____48____ While there may be some truth to these concerns, it’s also important to detail how technology can enhance our relationships. For those who are interested in less straight ways of knowing, the attempts for digital connection can remind us that relationships are not always defined by being physically close or responsive. ____49____ For those who find traditional forms of communication challenging, pebbling can be a strong alternative for expressing affection and maintaining closeness without the pressure of sustained conversation. Traditional expressions of affection may not feel genuine, but pebbling can allow for relational development through digital actions. In our fast-paced world, it’s tempting to dismiss these digital connections. Yet, by noticing how people create new forms of relationships, we can enrich our understanding. Screen time should not be seen only as an enemy of connection. ____50____ If that is the case, then our work is to keep searching and learning from how people adapt as relationships keep evolving. A. Critics argue that screens have replaced face-to-face conversations and that social media often creates shallow connections. B. In fact, pebbling can serve as a gentle bridge for those who are not used to conventional closeness. C. It is easy to overlook pebbling as an especially valuable form of communication for sociable people. D. It’s not surprising that this practice has earned a name: Pebbling. E. Rather, it can be a new path to building and maintaining close relationships. F. When transferred to human relationships, this practice involves tiny, considerate gestures. 【答案】47. D 48. A 49. B 50. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍“投石互动”，人们通过分享数字内容这类微小举动维系情感；科技虽遭质疑，却能拉近关系，是新时代构建亲密联结的新方式。 【47题详解】 根据上文“In many ways, this is our newfound practice that keeps us connected when life pulls us in different directions.(在很多方面，这正是我们新养成的习惯，它能让我们在生活将我们引向不同方向时仍保持紧密的联系)”可知，前文提到这种日常分享小片段、表情包的行为是维系联系的新方式，后文紧接着解释“pebbling”的由来，D 选项“这种行为有了一个名字：投石互动（Pebbling）” 起到承上启下、引出核心概念的作用，逻辑通顺。故选D。 【48题详解】 根据上文“Technology can be a regenerative force for connection, though people remain doubtful about its role in human relationships.(技术能够成为促进人际联系的再生力量，不过人们对于其在人类关系中的作用仍持怀疑态度)”以及后文“While there may be some truth to these concerns, it’s also important to detail how technology can enhance our relationships. For those who are interested in less straight ways of knowing, the attempts for digital connection can remind us that relationships are not always defined by being physically close or responsive.(虽然这些担忧或许有一定道理，但同样重要的是要详细说明技术如何能够增强我们的关系。对于那些寻求非传统了解方式的人来说，数字化连接的尝试能够提醒我们，关系并不总是由身体上的亲近或即时的回应来定义的)”可知，前文提到人们质疑科技在人际关系中的作用，后文说这些担忧有一定道理，A选项“批评者认为屏幕取代了面对面交流，社交媒体常造就肤浅的联系”正是具体的质疑观点，与上下文衔接紧密。故选A。 【49题详解】 根据后文“For those who find traditional forms of communication challenging, pebbling can be a strong alternative for expressing affection and maintaining closeness without the pressure of sustained conversation. Traditional expressions of affection may not feel genuine, but pebbling can allow for relational development through digital actions.(对于那些觉得传统交流方式难以适应的人来说，弹珠游戏可以成为一种强有力的替代方式，用于表达爱意和保持亲密关系，同时又无需承受长时间交谈的压力。传统的表达爱意的方式可能让人感觉不真诚，但弹珠游戏能够通过数字化的行动促进人际关系的发展)”可知，后文指出对于觉得传统沟通有难度的人来说，pebbling是很好的替代方式，B 选项“事实上，对于不习惯传统亲密方式的人，投石互动是一座温柔的桥梁”与后文内容高度契合，是段落主旨句。故选B。 【50题详解】 根据上文“Screen time should not be seen only as an enemy of connection.(屏幕使用时间不应仅仅被视为破坏人际联系的因素)”可知，前文提出不应把屏幕时间视作社交的敌人，E选项“相反，它可以成为建立和维系亲密关系的新途径”形成转折，承接上文并呼应全文核心观点。故选E。 （五） （2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） A Cow Shocks Scientists by Using a Tool The smart animal club continues to add new members, and the newest might surprise you. In a study newly published, scientists from the University of Veterinary Medicine analyzed the behavior of a pet cow in Austria named Veronika and concluded that it qualifies as tool use. The definition of tool use is actually rather strict. ____47____ Despite roughly 10,000 years of human-cattle coexistence, this is the first time scientists have documented a cow using a tool. ____48____ They then recorded which end she grabbed and which part of her body she scratched (挠). According to the researchers, Veronika rolled out her tongue like a carpet, using its flexible tip to grab the stick and roll it into her mouth. She then held the brush steadily, turned her neck, and scratched herself. This observation made scientists reconsider cows’ intelligence. ____49____ Veronika, as researchers noted, had different preferences for scratching different areas of her body. For example, when targeting the softer and more sensitive regions of her lower body, she switches over to the smooth stick end. Moreover, when scratching her upper body, Veronika uses wider and more forceful movements, while her lower-body scratching is slower, more careful, and highly controlled. “The test confirmed Veronika’s behavior was intentional and controlled,” says Robert Shumaker, an evolutionary biologist. ____50____ There is already evidence that other mammals like water buffalo and goats are known tool users. A. More surprisingly, the animal can even adjust how she handles the tool. B. The multi-purpose nature of tool use is beyond everyone’s expectations. C. Her life circumstances may to some extent explain this unique behavior. D. An animal must intentionally grasp and control an object to achieve a goal. E. To test Veronika’s skills, researchers placed a brush on the ground near her. F. He is excited to add cows to the list of tool-using animals, but not surprised. 【答案】47. D 48. E 49. A 50. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了奥地利一头名叫Veronika的奶牛使用工具挠痒，科学家通过研究证实了这一行为，并重新审视了牛的智力。 【47题详解】 上文“In a study newly published, scientists from the University of Veterinary Medicine analyzed the behavior of a pet cow in Austria named Veronika and concluded that it qualifies as tool use. The definition of tool use is actually rather strict.(在一项新发表的研究中，奥地利兽医大学的科学家们分析了奥地利一只名为维罗妮卡的宠物牛的行为，并得出结论：它具备工具使用的资格。工具使用的定义实际上相当严格)”说明工具使用的定义很严格，空处和前文为解释关系，说明需要满足什么条件才算使用工具。所以D项“动物必须有意地抓住并控制一个物体以实现一个目标”符合语境。故选D。 【48题详解】 上文“Despite roughly 10,000 years of human-cattle coexistence, this is the first time scientists have documented a cow using a tool.(尽管人类和牛共同生活了大约1万年，但这是科学家第一次记录到牛使用工具)”说明这是科学家第一次记录到牛使用工具。下文“They then recorded which end she grabbed and which part of her body she scratched (挠).(然后，他们记录下她抓的是哪一端，以及她挠的是身体的哪个部位)”说明科学家先做了某个测试行为。空处应承接上文，同时和后文为顺承关系，说明研究人员先放置工具再进行观察。所以E项“为了测试Veronika的技能，研究人员在她附近的地面上放了一把刷子”符合语境，下文中的They指代该项中的researchers。故选E。 【49题详解】 下文“Veronika, as researchers noted, had different preferences for scratching different areas of her body.(研究人员指出，Veronika对挠身体不同部位有不同的偏好)”说明Veronika会根据身体不同部位调整使用工具的方式，空处和后文为递进关系，说明它不仅会用工具还会调整用法。所以A项“更令人惊讶的是，这种动物甚至可以调整她使用工具的方式”符合语境。故选A。 【50题详解】 上文““The test confirmed Veronika’s behavior was intentional and controlled,” says Robert Shumaker, an evolutionary biologist.(进化生物学家罗伯特·舒梅克说:“测试证实了Veronika的行为是有意和受控的。”)”说明这位生物学家对此的评价，下文“There is already evidence that other mammals like water buffalo and goats are known tool users.(已有证据表明，水牛和山羊等其他哺乳动物也是已知的工具使用者)”说明有证据证明前面研究的准确性。空处应承接上文，说明他对牛会使用工具这一发现的态度，下文同时对这种看法提供了科学依据。所以F项“他很兴奋能将牛列入使用工具的动物名单，但并不感到惊讶”符合语境，该项中的“but not surprised”和下文中的“There is already evidence”相呼应。故选F。 （六） （2025~2026学年崇明区二模） Space Agencies Report Increased Risk of Space Rock Striking Earth in 2032 Scientists say the threat of a large space rock striking the Earth in 2032 has increased. Recent calculations suggest there is a small chance — perhaps around 1 to 3 percent — the space rock 2024 YR4 will hit Earth in 2032. ____47____ The probability of a strike will likely continue to go up and down as the asteroid’s path around the sun is better understood. NASA and the European Space Agency’s Webb Space Telescope will observe this near-Earth asteroid in March before the object becomes impossible to see. ____48____ A telescope in Chile discovered the asteroid 2024 YR4 in late December. It is estimated to measure between 40 and 90 meters across. NASA said observations by the Webb space telescope should provide a more exact measurement. At first, NASA and the European Space Agency put the probability of a strike at just over one percent. ____49____ Until scientists have a better understanding of the asteroid’s path around the sun, they warned that the probability will continue to change — and quite possibly fall to zero. Paul Chodas, director of NASA’s Center for Near-Earth Object Studies, said in an email to the Associated Press, “No one should be concerned that the impact probability is rising. This is the behavior our team expected.” Chodas added, “To be clear, we expect the impact probability to drop to zero at some point.” ____50____ If the asteroid is smaller, the effect might be similar to the Tunguska event that flattened thousands of square kilometers of forest in Siberia in 1908. But if the asteroid is larger, close to 100 meters, the effects would be significantly worse. Chodas said once the Webb telescope measures the asteroid’s size, NASA can predict “how serious an impact this asteroid could produce and how difficult a task it might be to deflect (使偏斜) this asteroid.” A. But later calculations suggested the probability had risen to 2 or even 3 percent. B. Once that happens, scientists will have to wait until 2028 when it passes our way again. C. This also means there is around a 97 to 99 percent chance it will safely pass our planet in that year. D. But it’s perfectly natural that the impact chances will “bounce around a bit” before dropping to zero. E. However, scientists infer the size of asteroids (小行星) from the amount of light they reflect, which also depends on their composition. F. Since the asteroid’s size and orbit are uncertain, it is unclear where it might hit and what the possible effects would be should it strike Earth. 【答案】47. C 48. B 49. A 50. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述的是科学家发现2032年大型太空岩石（小行星2024 YR4）撞击地球的风险有所增加。 【47题详解】 空前“Recent calculations suggest there is a small chance — perhaps around 1 to 3 percent — the space rock 2024 YR4 will hit Earth in 2032.(最近的计算表明，有一小概率（大概在 1% 到 3% 之间）这颗名为 2024 YR4 的太空岩石会在 2032 年撞击地球。)”说明了这颗名为 2024 YR4 的太空岩石有 1% 到 3%的几率 会在 2032 年撞击地球，C选项“This also means there is around a 97 to 99 percent chance it will safely pass our planet in that year.(这意味着在那一年，它有大约 97% 到 99% 的几率安全地从我们这个星球旁经过。)”说明这颗岩石有 97% 到 99% 的几率从我们的星球旁经过，其中的97% 到 99%经过咱们的星球和前面的 1% 到 3%的几率撞击地球一致，因此符合语境。故选C。 【48题详解】 空前“NASA and the European Space Agency’s Webb Space Telescope will observe this near-Earth asteroid in March before the object becomes impossible to see.(美国国家航空航天局（NASA）和欧洲航天局的韦伯太空望远镜将于3月对该近地小行星进行观测，之后该天体将变得无法观测。)”说明美国国家航空航天局和欧洲航天局的“韦伯”空间望远镜将对这颗行星进行观测，之后就会看不到了，B选项“Once that happens, scientists will have to wait until 2028 when it passes our way again.(一旦这种情况发生，科学家们就得等到 2028 年它再次经过我们所在的区域时才能进行观测。)”说明如果错过观测的时间意味着什么，承接上文，符合语境。故选B。 【49题详解】 空前“At first, NASA and the European Space Agency put the probability of a strike at just over one percent.(起初，NASA和欧洲航天局认为其撞击概率略高于1%。)”说明了起初NASA和欧洲航天局认为其撞击概率略高于1%，空格处应该说后来他们把这个概率定为多少，A选项“But later calculations suggested the probability had risen to 2 or even 3 percent.(但后来的计算表明，这种可能性已经上升到了 2% 或甚至 3%。)”说明了后来把概率定为了多少，承接上文，符合语境。故选A。 【50题详解】 空后“If the asteroid is smaller, the effect might be similar to the Tunguska event that flattened thousands of square kilometers of forest in Siberia in 1908. But if the asteroid is larger, close to 100 meters, the effects would be significantly worse.(如果这颗小行星较小，其影响可能与1908年发生在西伯利亚、夷平了数千平方公里森林的通古斯事件相似。但如果这颗小行星较大，接近100米，其影响将会严重得多。)”说明的是小行星是大或小分别会有什么不同的影响，F选项“Since the asteroid’s size and orbit are uncertain, it is unclear where it might hit and what the possible effects would be should it strike Earth.(由于这颗小行星的大小和轨道尚不确定，因此尚不清楚它可能撞击地球的地点，也不清楚若撞击地球会产生何种影响。)”说明了小行星的大小和轨道的不确定性会造成它可能撞击地球的地点及影响的不确定性，引出后文的两种不同的影响，符合语境。故选F。 （七） （2025~2026学年长宁区二模） It’s easier to cheat when you can blame AI People are more likely to cheat when they assign a task to artificial intelligence instead of doing it themselves, suggests a new study. To explore whether and under what circumstances AI supports dishonest behavior, researchers conducted an experiment. Participants were shown 10 die rolls (掷骰子) on a computer screen and told to report the numbers. The higher the numbers rolled, the more money they would earn. ____47____ The researchers found that when participants self-reported the numbers, they were honest about 95% of the time. But when participants instructed AI to report the numbers, they were more likely to cheat by phrasing their prompts (提示) in a way that would help them maximize their profits. ____48____ Only 12% of the participants in this group chose to tell the algorithm (计算程序) to maximize accuracy while 29% told the algorithm to maximize profit. The rest set a goal for AI that was somewhere in between. Psychological research suggests that when people cheat they often don’t do it to the fullest extent possible. This explains why more participants prompted the AI to do something in between maximizing accuracy and maximizing profit. ____49____ Previous research suggests people may justify dishonest behavior by shifting responsibility to others-in this case, an AI, the researchers said. For the researchers, the take-away is that AI makes it easier to avoid taking responsibility for moral mistakes, a problem they believe is likely to become more common. ____50____ That, says Nils Köbis, a professor at the University of Duisburg-Essen in Germany, is definitely “a silver lining”, that is, there is always something better we could do in a bad situation. A. How come people turn to AI for a higher profit? B. In one group, for example, participants could choose to tell AI to “maximize accuracy”, “maximize profit” or do something in between. C. “Maximize profit” is obviously a better option than “maximize accuracy.” D. Their research suggests giving people an option to do the task themselves, rather than hand it over to AI, may help them be more honest. E. They were then randomly assigned to either report the die-roll numbers themselves or instruct an AI agent to do it for them. F. Why does AI make cheating easier overall? 【答案】47. E 48. B 49. F 50. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新研究表明，当人们将任务交给人工智能而不是自己完成时，他们更有可能作弊，并探讨了其原因。 【47题详解】 由上文“Participants were shown 10 die rolls (掷骰子) on a computer screen and told to report the numbers. The higher the numbers rolled, the more money they would earn.(参与者被要求在电脑屏幕上观看10次掷骰子，并报告骰子上的数字。骰子上的数字越大，他们赚的钱就越多。)”及下文“The researchers found that when participants self-reported the numbers, they were honest about 95% of the time.(研究人员发现，当参与者自己报告数字时，他们95%的时间都是诚实的。)”可知，上文说明了实验内容，下文说明了参与者自己报告数字的情况，空格处应介绍实验分组安排。E选项“They were then randomly assigned to either report the die-roll numbers themselves or instruct an AI agent to do it for them.(然后，他们被随机分配自己报告骰子上的数字，或者指示一个人工智能代理为他们报告。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选E。 【48题详解】 由上文“But when participants instructed AI to report the numbers, they were more likely to cheat by phrasing their prompts (提示) in a way that would help them maximize their profits.(但是，当参与者指示人工智能报告数字时，他们更有可能通过以一种有助于他们实现利润最大化的方式来表述提示来作弊。)”及下文“Only 12% of the participants in this group chose to tell the algorithm (计算程序) to maximize accuracy while 29% told the algorithm to maximize profit.(在这个小组中，只有12%的参与者选择告诉算法最大化准确性，而29%的参与者告诉算法最大化利润。)”可知，上文说明了参与者指示人工智能报告数字时更有可能作弊，下文说明了参与者对人工智能的不同指示，本空应说明参与者对人工智能的不同指示内容，B选项“In one group, for example, participants could choose to tell AI to “maximize accuracy”, “maximize profit” or do something in between.(例如，在一组中，参与者可以选择告诉人工智能“最大化准确性”、“最大化利润”或介于两者之间的某种做法。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选B。 【49题详解】 由下文“Previous research suggests people may justify dishonest behavior by shifting responsibility to others-in this case, an AI, the researchers said.(过往研究表明，人们会通过推卸责任给他人来为不诚信行为辩解，此处便是推卸给人工智能。)”可知，下文在解释AI 更容易助长作弊的原因，F选项“Why does AI make cheating easier overall?(为什么人工智能总体上使作弊更容易？)”提出问题，引出下文原因分析，符合语境。故选F。 【50题详解】 由上文“For the researchers, the take-away is that AI makes it easier to avoid taking responsibility for moral mistakes, a problem they believe is likely to become more common.(对于研究人员来说，关键在于人工智能让人们更容易逃避对道德错误的责任，他们认为这个问题可能会变得更加普遍。)”及下文“That, says Nils Köbis, a professor at the University of Duisburg-Essen in Germany, is definitely “a silver lining”, that is, there is always something better we could do in a bad situation.(德国杜伊斯堡-埃森大学的教授尼尔斯·科比斯说，这绝对是“一线希望”，也就是说，在糟糕的情况下，我们总可以做得更好。)”可知，上文说明了人工智能让人们更容易逃避对道德错误的责任，下文说明了一线希望，本空应说明改善该问题的可行办法，D选项“Their research suggests giving people an option to do the task themselves, rather than hand it over to AI, may help them be more honest.(他们的研究表明，给人们一个选择自己完成任务而不是交给人工智能的选项，可能会帮助他们更诚实。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选D。 （八） （2025~2026学年静安区二模） The Brain Before and After Birth In a new study, researchers analyzed 184 brain scans collected from 140 fetuses (胎儿) and infants before and shortly after birth. These scans provided a clear view of how the brain changes across this transitional period. ___47___ To overcome this challenge, the research team used an innovative approach: a soft detection device placed gently on the mother’s belly, combined with AI algorithms to remove motion interference. ___48___ The scans revealed a significant increase in neuronal activity around birth within specific brain networks. These include the sensorimotor network, responsible for processing external stimuli such as light and sound and coordinating movement, and the deep relay network, which acts as an information hub between different brain regions. ___49___ After birth, infants are suddenly exposed to a flood of sensory information — from hospital equipment sounds to new smells and lights. The brain must quickly prepare to handle a much “noisier” world. As the lead researcher noted, “Until now, little was known about how brain activity actually changes at the moment of birth.” The new findings now begin to fill this gap. A deeper finding showed that while functional connections between neurons increased sharply around birth, the efficiency of communication improved more gradually. ___50___ It does this by adjusting its structure and removing unnecessary links through a process known as synaptic pruning. These findings now enable researchers to systematically explore how environmental factors shape early brain development and plan to compare brain network growth in preterm and full-term babies to see if early development differs. A. This allowed them to clean data and reconstruct neural activity in the fetal brain. B. In fact, this efficiency reaches its peak during the fetal stage. C. This suggests after forming many connections, the brain needs time to refine its network. D. However, scientists have long struggled to capture clear signals from the fetal brain. E. The activation of these areas has a clear adaptive value. F. Some researchers argue that genetic programming alone drives these early changes. 【答案】47. D 48. A 49. E 50. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项关于胎儿出生前后大脑活动变化的新研究，讲解了研究面临的技术难题、解决方法、关键发现，以及大脑神经网络在出生前后的适应与自我优化过程。 【47题详解】 根据上文“These scans provided a clear view of how the brain changes across this transitional period.(这些扫描清晰展示了大脑在这一过渡阶段的变化)”以及下文“To overcome this challenge(为了克服这一挑战)”可知，空格处应提出长期存在的研究难题。D选项“However, scientists have long struggled to capture clear signals from the fetal brain.(然而，科学家长期以来都难以捕捉到胎儿大脑的清晰信号)”承上启下，符合语境。故选D项。 【48题详解】 根据上文“To overcome this challenge, the research team used an innovative approach: a soft detection device placed gently on the mother’s belly, combined with AI algorithms to remove motion interference.(为了攻克这一难题，该研究团队采用了一种创新方法：将一个柔性检测设备轻柔地放置在孕妇腹部，并结合人工智能算法消除运动干扰)”可知，空格处应说明这一方法的效果。A选项 “This allowed them to clean data and reconstruct neural activity in the fetal brain.(这使得他们能够清理数据并重建胎儿大脑的神经活动)”承接上文，符合语境。故选A项。 【49题详解】 根据上文介绍了胎儿大脑相关神经网络的功能，以及下文 “After birth, infants are suddenly exposed to a flood of sensory information — from hospital equipment sounds to new smells and lights. The brain must quickly prepare to handle a much “noisier” world.(婴儿出生后，会突然接触到大量的感官信息——从医院设备的声响，到陌生的气味与光线。大脑必须迅速做好准备，去应对一个嘈杂得多的世界)”可知，空格处应点明这些脑区激活的意义。E选项“The activation of these areas has a clear adaptive value.(这些区域的激活具有明显的适应价值)”引出下文，符合语境。故选E项。 【50题详解】 根据上文“A deeper finding showed that while functional connections between neurons increased sharply around birth, the efficiency of communication improved more gradually.(更深入的研究发现：尽管神经元之间的功能连接在出生前后会急剧增强，但信号传递的效率是逐步提升的。)”以及下文“It does this by adjusting its structure and removing unnecessary links(大脑通过调整结构、删除不必要的连接来做到这一点)”可知，空格处应解释大脑需要优化网络。C选项 “This suggests after forming many connections, the brain needs time to refine its network.(这表明在形成大量连接后，大脑需要时间来优化其网络)”承上启下，符合语境。故选C （九） （2025~2026学年宝山区二模） MIYAZAKI HAYAO This Japanese treasure is considered by some to be the world's greatest animator When people discuss famous directors or filmmakers, names like Steven Spielberg, James Cameron and Peter Jackson often come to mind. Miyazaki Hayao is one name that's sometimes overlooked even though he's frequently compared to some of these men. ___47___ Praise for the award-winning producer, director, animator and filmmaker seems never-ending. His six-decade career has been described as one that is “marked by genius and wonder ...” Miyazaki's spectacular stories transport audiences to magical worlds with memorable characters. As beautiful as the talented animator's stories are, there's often a dark side to them as well as they often feature war, environmental destruction and more. No doubt images from 1940s war-torn Japan left a lasting impression on young Miyazaki, who was born in Tokyo in 1941. During his first few years, his family moved several times, seeking safety. The fears and feelings of instability and danger associated with his childhood made their way into most of Miyazaki's stories. ___48___ An often-used character in Miyazaki's stories is that of the strong and capable heroine. After graduating from college in 1963, Miyazaki began working as an animator at Toei Animation. ___49___ Throughout the 1970s, Miyazaki worked at different studios on various projects while continuing to develop his skills. The 1980s brought incredible success and change, which was initiated by the 1984 release of his film Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind. Its great success allowed Miyazaki and two friends to establish their own animation studio, Studio Ghibli, in 1985. ___50___ At 83 Miyazaki Hayao has considered retirement; and in fact, he's attempted to retire at least three times. But each attempt has been followed by another masterpiece: Spirited Away (2001), The Wind Rises (2013) and The Boy and the Heron (2023). Some have said that The Boy and the Heron, which won the 2024 Academy Award for the best animated feature film, feels like a farewell. Yet Studio Ghibli's vice president Junichi Nishioka is doubtful, saying Miyazaki will likely have a pencil in his hand until the very end. A. Since then, Studio Ghibli has turned out one film after another, most of which have received critical praise. B. Miyazaki just focused on his works instead of others' evaluation, attitude and feelings. C. These dark themes, however, are balanced out by stories of love, loyalty and the importance of family. D. People around the world love Miyazaki for his magnificent hand-drawn animation. E. As a result, Miyazaki's stories ran across lots of negative responses besides positive ones. F. It wasn't long before others noticed his tremendous drawing skills as well as his extraordinary animation style. 【答案】47. D 48. C 49. F 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了日本著名动画大师宫崎骏的生平、创作风格、职业生涯以及他的经典作品和所取得的成就。 【47题详解】 上文提到“When people discuss famous directors or filmmakers, names like Steven Spielberg, James Cameron and Peter Jackson often come to mind. Miyazaki Hayao is one name that's sometimes overlooked even though he's frequently compared to some of these men. (当人们谈论著名导演或电影制作人时，史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格、詹姆斯·卡梅隆和彼得·杰克逊等名字常常浮现在脑海中。宫崎骏这个名字有时会被忽视，尽管他经常被拿来与这些人相提并论。)”说明宫崎骏虽常被与著名导演比较，但有时仍被忽视。下文“Praise for the award-winning producer, director, animator and filmmaker seems never-ending. His six-decade career has been described as one that is “marked by genius and wonder...” (对这位获奖制片人、导演、动画师和电影制作人的赞扬似乎永无止境。他六十年的职业生涯被描述为“充满天才和奇迹……”)”说明宫崎骏受到广泛赞扬。D项“People around the world love Miyazaki for his magnificent hand-drawn animation. (世界各地的人们都喜欢宫崎骏的精美手绘动画。)”承接上文，说明宫崎骏虽有时被忽视，但世界各地的人们都喜爱他的手绘动画，与下文他受到赞扬相呼应。故选D。 【48题详解】 上文“The fears and feelings of instability and danger associated with his childhood made their way into most of Miyazaki's stories. (与童年相关的恐惧、不稳定和危险的感觉融入了宫崎骏的大部分故事中。)”说明宫崎骏的故事中有恐惧、不稳定和危险等黑暗主题。下文“An often-used character in Miyazaki's stories is that of the strong and capable heroine. (宫崎骏故事中经常使用的角色是坚强能干的女主角。)”说明宫崎骏的故事中也有积极的一面。C项“These dark themes, however, are balanced out by stories of love, loyalty and the importance of family. (然而，这些黑暗的主题被爱、忠诚和家庭重要性的故事所平衡。)”承接上文，说明虽然宫崎骏的故事中有黑暗主题，但也有爱、忠诚和家庭重要性的故事来平衡，与下文坚强能干的女主角相呼应。故选C。 【49题详解】 上文“After graduating from college in 1963, Miyazaki began working as an animator at Toei Animation. (1963年大学毕业后，宫崎骏开始在东映动画担任动画师。)”说明宫崎骏开始从事动画工作。下文“Throughout the 1970s, Miyazaki worked at different studios on various projects while continuing to develop his skills. (在整个20世纪70年代，宫崎骏在不同的工作室从事各种项目，同时继续发展他的技能。)”说明宫崎骏在不断发展和提升自己的技能。F项“It wasn’t long before others noticed his tremendous drawing skills as well as his extraordinary animation style. (没过多久，其他人就注意到了他非凡的绘画技巧和独特的动画风格。)”承接上文，说明宫崎骏开始工作后不久，他的绘画技巧和动画风格就得到了他人的注意，与下文他继续发展技能相呼应。故选F。 【50题详解】 上文“Its great success allowed Miyazaki and two friends to establish their own animation studio, Studio Ghibli, in 1985. (它的巨大成功使宫崎骏和两位朋友在1985年成立了自己的动画工作室吉卜力工作室。)”说明宫崎骏成立了自己的工作室，下文应和工作室相关。A项“Since then, Studio Ghibli has turned out one film after another, most of which have received critical praise. (从那以后，吉卜力工作室一部接一部地推出电影，其中大部分都受到了评论家的赞扬。)”承接上文，说明工作室成立带来后带来的成果，推出了多部受到赞扬的电影。故选A。 （十） （2025~2026学年普陀区二模） Dancing into Middle Age By my early 40s, I had exhausted all the hobbies that were supposed to make me feel better about entering middle age. I had started learning a new language, launched myself into an unsuccessful pursuit of a craft only to collect a pile of handmade books, and given yoga a second chance. And then, at the height of my low-grade desperation, I decided to sign up for a ballet class. Not being flexible, I could see how I didn’t exactly look like prospective ballerina (芭蕾舞女演员) material. ____47____ I needed confirmation that my body was capable of movement and grace. And though I’d expected my classes to be physically demanding and my muscles to ache, I hadn’t anticipated that my teacher’s command to”take up more space” would change my way of being in the world. My teacher reminded me that ballet isn’t about perfection. ____48____ Slowly, I started becoming more comfortable with the body I saw staring back at me in the mirror. My posture still needs improving and my jumps are never as high as they feel. But the idea that my body hasn’t become fixed and that it’s still a work in progress encourages me. ____49____ Instead of noticing only the beginnings of older age arriving, I now marvel at the changes I’ve seen as I’ve learned to stand with more confidence and courage. As for the imperfections? They’ re part of being alive. Eight years into my ballet classes, I’m what you would call a lifelong advanced beginner. ____50____ Why do I continue? Because when I do my daily ballet class, I focus on my breathing and move my body in ways that always challenge me and remind me of everything that is possible. Recently, my teacher taught us a beginner-appropriate version of the dance from Sleeping Beauty. As I stood in my living room, balancing unsteadily on my toes and dancing for nobody but myself, I felt every inch a ballerina. A. Every move made by me then invited my teacher’s critical evaluation. B. If anything, ballet is forcing me to rethink my relationship with my body. C. But I was determined to give it a try. D. Rather, he said, it’s about striving for perfection. E. I nearly injured myself the one time I tried to lift my leg onto the desk in an attempt to stretch. F. At the age of 50, I am finally a ballerina, though not the kind that anybody would pay money to see on stage. 【答案】47. C 48. D 49. B 50. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了步入中年的作者尝试多种爱好后开始学习芭蕾。尽管先天条件不足，她坚持练习，重新接纳自我、摆脱年龄焦虑，在舞蹈中收获自信，找到了独特的人生价值。 【47题详解】 上文“Not being flexible, I could see how I didn’t exactly look like prospective ballerina (芭蕾舞女演员) material.(由于身体不够灵活，我能明显看出自己并不具备成为芭蕾舞女演员的条件。)”点明作者的劣势 —— 身体僵硬，完全没有芭蕾舞者的先天条件；下文“I needed confirmation that my body was capable of movement and grace.(我需要确认自己的身体能够进行运动并展现出优雅的姿态。)”转折说明她内心的渴望：想要证明自己的身体依然可以拥有灵动与优雅。C选项“But I was determined to give it a try.(但我决心要尝试一下。)”用 But形成强烈转折，完美衔接“先天不足”与“决心尝试”的心理转变，贴合语境。故选C项。 【48题详解】 上文“My teacher reminded me that ballet isn’t about perfection.(我的老师提醒我，芭蕾舞并非追求完美。)”是老师的观点“芭蕾不在于完美”，需要一个承接的句子来补充老师的完整看法。D选项Rather, he said, it’s about striving for perfection.( 相反，他说，这是关于追求完美。)可知，not...rather...（不是……而是……）是经典的转折衔接结构，精准对应前句的否定，完整还原了老师的教学理念。故选D项。 【49题详解】 上文“But the idea that my body hasn’t become fixed and that it’s still a work in progress encourages me.(但那个我的身体还没有固定下来，它仍处于不断发展的状态这一想法激励着我。)”讲芭蕾让作者意识到“身体没有定型，仍在成长”；下文“Instead of noticing only the beginnings of older age arriving, I now marvel at the changes I’ve seen as I’ve learned to stand with more confidence and courage.(我不再只是留意衰老迹象的出现，而是惊叹于自己所见证的种种变化。随着我学会了更加自信和勇敢地站立，我看到了这一切的变化。)”讲她的心态变化：不再焦虑衰老，反而收获了自信与勇气。B选项“If anything, ballet is forcing me to rethink my relationship with my body.( 如果说有什么不同的话，那就是芭蕾迫使我重新思考我和我身体的关系。)”承上启下，既总结了芭蕾对作者身体认知的改变，又自然引出下文的心态转变，是全文的核心过渡句。故选B项。 【50题详解】 上文“Eight years into my ballet classes, I’m what you would call a lifelong advanced beginner.(在参加芭蕾舞课程的第八个年头里，我算是一个“终身高级初学者”了。)”自嘲“学了八年，依然是终身进阶初学者”；下文“Why do I continue?(为什么我还要继续呢？)”自问“我为什么还要坚持”。F选项“At the age of 50, I am finally a ballerina, though not the kind that anybody would pay money to see on stage.(在我50岁的时候，我终于成为了一名芭蕾舞演员，虽然不是那种任何人都愿意花钱在舞台上看的演员。)”承接“业余学习者”的身份，点明芭蕾对作者的真正意义：不是成为专业舞者，而是成为自己心中的舞者，为下文解释坚持的理由做了完美铺垫。故选F项。 （十一） （2025~2026学年杨浦区二模） Water Industry to Be Cleaned Up The Government has promised to clean up the water industry in England and Wales following the publication of a new report. ___47___ Lots of sewage spills polluting waterways, plus the rising cost of people’s water bills, are problems in the UK. Sewage is waste water from paths, sinks and toilets. In 2024, the Government set up the Independent Water Commission to investigate the water industry in England and Wales. The commission’s findings were published in a report that contained 88 recommendations to improve the way the water industry is run. ___48___ One is closing Ofwat, the organization responsible for making sure water companies deliver a good service for their customers and the environment. The minister said that, as well as angry customers, Ofwat has “failed to protect our waterways from record levels of pollution”. The report recommends replacing Ofwat with one regulator in England and another in Wales. Currently, responsibilities are split between Ofwat and three other agencies. The Government has promised to halve the amount of sewage pumped into rivers, lakes and seas within five years. Last year, sewage was released into England’s rivers and seas around 450,000 times. ___49___ However, people’s water bills may rise to pay for this. Some responses to the Government’s promises were positive. The Liberal Democrat party said it supports phasing out Ofwat. Mark Lloyd, from the Rivers Trust campaign group said the recommendations would lead to a dramatic improvement in the water environment. ___50___ A. The Government will also spend £104 billion to repair damaged pipes, build water treatment works and water storage facilities. B. Its plans include cutting pollution in rivers and seas and changing the way water companies are held responsible. C. But three billion liters of water are wasted every day in the UK because of leaky pipes. D. However, some activists said the report recommendations failed to prioritize public benefit over private profit and the public are tired of swimming in sewage and drowning in rising bills. E. Environment Secretary says the Government will adopt five of these straight away. F. It has announced that a new law concerning environmental protection will come into effect next year. 【答案】47. B 48. E 49. A 50. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍英国一份新报告发布后，政府承诺整治英格兰和威尔士的水务行业，治理污水排放污染、改革监管机构，并说明了相关措施、资金投入以及社会各界的不同反应。 【47题详解】 根据上文“The Government has promised to clean up the water industry in England and Wales following the publication of a new report.(在一份新报告公布后，英国政府承诺整治英格兰和威尔士的水务行业。)”以及下文“Lots of sewage spills polluting waterways, plus the rising cost of people’s water bills, are problems in the UK.(大量污水泄漏污染水道，再加上人们水费的不断上涨，是英国目前面临的问题。)”可知，上文说政府承诺整治水务行业，下文说英国水务行业存在的问题，所以此处应说明政府整治计划的具体内容。B选项（其计划包括减少河流和海洋污染，以及改变水务公司的问责方式。），承接上文政府承诺整治，引出下文存在的问题。故选B项。 【48题详解】 根据上文“The commission’s findings were published in a report that contained 88 recommendations to improve the way the water industry is run.(该委员会的调查结果发表在一份报告中，其中包含88条改善水务行业运营方式的建议。)”以及下文“One is closing Ofwat, the organization responsible for making sure water companies deliver a good service for their customers and the environment.(其中一条是关闭Ofwat，该组织负责确保水务公司为客户和环境提供良好服务。)”可知，上文说报告中有88条建议，下文举例说明其中一条建议，所以此处应说明政府会采纳部分建议。E选项（环境大臣表示，政府将立即采纳其中五条建议。）符合语境，承接上文报告中的建议，引出下文具体举例说明采纳的建议。故选E项。 【49题详解】 根据上文“The Government has promised to halve the amount of sewage pumped into rivers, lakes and seas within five years. Last year, sewage was released into England’s rivers and seas around 450,000 times.(政府承诺在五年内将排入河流、湖泊和海洋的污水量减半。去年，英国的河流和海洋中大约有45万次污水排放。)”以及下文“However, people’s water bills may rise to pay for this.(然而，人们的水费可能会因此上涨。)”可知，上文说政府承诺减少污水排放，下文说水费可能上涨，所以此处应说明政府为减少污水排放采取的其他措施，且该措施可能导致水费上涨。A选项（政府还将花费1040亿英镑修复受损管道、建设水处理厂和水储存设施。）符合语境，承接上文政府减少污水排放的承诺，引出下文水费可能上涨的原因。故选A项。 【50题详解】 根据上文“Some responses to the Government’s promises were positive. The Liberal Democrat party said it supports phasing out Ofwat. Mark Lloyd, from the Rivers Trust campaign group said the recommendations would lead to a dramatic improvement in the water environment.(一些人对政府的承诺做出了积极回应。自由民主党表示支持逐步取消Ofwat。来自河流信托活动组织的马克·劳埃德表示，这些建议将使水环境得到显著改善。)”可知，上文说一些人对政府承诺做出积极回应，D选项（然而，一些活动人士表示，报告中的建议未能将公共利益置于私人利益之上，公众已经厌倦了在污水中游泳、被不断上涨的账单压得喘不过气来。）与前文积极态度形成对比，呈现不同的社会反应，符合语境。故选D项。 （十二） （2025~2026学年嘉定区二模） The Sciencewashing of Everyday Life There stands a display model of a face mask in my local beauty store. Its package is covered with words like “patents”, “peptides”, and “double helix”. I have no idea what any of this means. But this is science. The mask costs $75. ____47____ Brands describe themselves as “biology-first” or “powered by biotech.” Creams promise to work “at a molecular (分子) level.” Lipsticks contain acids with “different molecular weights.” Water is sold with extra hydrogen (氢), as if two atoms were no longer enough. Even sports drinks, which once relied on images of sweating athletes, now proudly announce that they are “lab tested.” In a crowded market, science has become the new symbol of quality. Marketing has always borrowed from science, but it used to be more direct. A cereal contained fiber, and fiber was good for you. ____48____ They were informed but plainspoken, employing the simple logic of cause and effect. They talked, basically, like a family medicine doctor. Today’s ads, by contrast, talk like the Ph.D. kind of doctor. They use long, complex words and refer to things viewable only under a microscope. The goal is not always to explain, but to confuse. ____49____ “People like buying products that are research-backed,” said Neil Lewis Jr., a behavioral scientist at Cornell. “But most people, they are not professional enough to actually evaluate those claims. They don’t have the time or specific knowledge, so they just look for some signals. That gives their everyday consumption a serious, almost academic appearance.” But here is the problem. ____50____ Government financial support has weakened, people’s trust in scientists has fallen, and many researchers have left public institutions. It is unsettling to imagine we are approaching a world in which scientists are employed not by independent institutions but only by companies — a world where science itself serves as advertising. A. A cream had vitamin C, and vitamin C helped skin. B. Many of the claims are reasonable, while others are meaningless nonsense. C. When science is being used to sell creams and drinks, science as a public good is under threat. D. Across fashion, beauty, and food, scientific language has become a powerful sales tool. E. In fact, science in the private interest doesn’t necessarily work like that. F. No one is looking up an academic study to make sure the claims on their package are accurate. 【答案】47. D 48. A 49. F 50. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍了当下商业领域普遍出现的“科学包装”营销现象，商家利用专业科学术语包装日常商品以提升销量，同时指出这种行为正在削弱科学的公共属性，并引发人们对商业滥用科学的担忧。 【47题详解】 根据前文“I have no idea what any of this means. But this is science. The mask costs $75.(我完全不懂这些词是什么意思。但这就是科学。这款面膜售价 75 美元。)”可知空前以一款面膜为例，说明商品用科学词汇包装；空后“Brands describe themselves as “biology-first” or “powered by biotech.” Creams promise to work “at a  molecular level.” Lipsticks contain acids with “different molecular weights.” Water is sold with extra hydrogen, as if two atoms were no longer enough.(各类品牌都标榜自己“以生物科学为本”或“依托生物技术”。面霜宣称能“在分子层面起效”，口红添加“不同分子量”的酸类成分，就连饮用水也打着“添加额外氢”的旗号售卖，仿佛两个氢原子还不够用似的。)”列举了多个行业使用科学术语进行营销的现象。故推知：空处应总起全段，说明科学语言已成为一种销售工具；选项D“Across fashion, beauty, and food, scientific language has become a powerful sales tool.(在时尚、美妆和食品行业，科学语言已经成为一种强有力的销售工具。)”符合原文内容。故选D。 【48题详解】 根据前文“A cereal contained fiber, and fiber was good for you.(一种谷物麦片含有纤维，而纤维对你有益。)”可知空前举例说明过去的营销方式简单直接；空后一句“They were informed but plainspoken, employing simple logic of cause and effect.(这些表述内容详实但语言朴实，运用简单的因果逻辑。)”进一步解释过去广告的特点。故推知：空处应继续用同类例子支撑过去简单的营销方式；选项A“A cream had vitamin C, and vitamin C helped skin.(一款面霜含有维生素 C，而维生素 C 对皮肤有益。)”符合原文内容。故选A。 【49题详解】 根据前文“They use long, complex words and refer to things viewable only under a microscope. The goal is not always to explain, but to confuse.(它们使用冗长复杂的词汇，提及只有在显微镜下才能看到的东西。其目的往往不是解释，而是让人困惑。)”可知空前指出现在的广告用专业术语迷惑消费者。故推知：空处应说明消费者对这些说法作何反应；选项F“No one is looking up an academic study to make sure the claims on their package are accurate.(没有人会去查阅学术研究来确认包装上的说法是否准确。)”符合原文内容。故选F。 【50题详解】 根据前文“But here is the problem.(但问题就在这里。)”可知，空前说明存在问题；空后“Government financial support has weakened, people’s trust in scientists has fallen, and many researchers have left public institutions.(政府的财政支持减弱，人们对科学家的信任度下降，许多研究者离开了公共机构。)”指出科学作为公共事业面临的危机。故推知：空处应提出核心观点，即商业利用科学正在威胁科学的公共属性；选项C“When science is being used to sell creams and drinks, science as a public good is under threat.(当科学被用来销售面霜和饮料时，作为公共产品的科学正受到威胁。)”符合原文内容。故选C。 （十三） （2025~2026学年黄浦区二模） These Beautiful Birds Form Something Like Lasting Friendships True friends, most people would agree, are there for each other. Sometimes it means helping each other move. Sometimes that means offering emotional support. And if you’re a superb starling, it means stuffing small insects down the throats of your friends’ children, secure in the expectation that they will eventually do the same for yours. Superb starlings are distinguishing among animals that breed (繁殖) cooperatively. ____47____ New parents rely on up to 16 helpers, which bring chicks extra food and help run off killers. Dr. Rubenstein’s lab has maintained a 20-year field study of the species that included 40 breeding seasons. ____48____ When Dr. Earl, then a graduate student in the lab, began analyzing the data, she and her team were not shocked to see that birds largely helped relatives, the way an aunt or uncle may temporarily come to babysit and give parents a break. ____49____ Birds new to the group helped those born within it, and the opposite was also true. And because superb starlings often switch between breeding and helping roles, the team found that individual birds that helped non-relatives one breeding season later had their good deeds repaid, sometimes repeatedly. “The starlings are consistently investing in the same preferred social partners over their lives,” Dr. Earl said. “To me, that sounds like friendship.” And today, as many experts worry about a widespread of human loneliness, there could be value in learning lessons from the superb starling. ____50____ But maybe don’t offer to stuff small insects down the mouths of your friends’ kids. Luckily, you can always offer to babysit. A. Their groups mix family groups with settlers from other groups. B. In other words, strong relationships are often built from providing help. C. Scientists have long known that social animals usually put blood relatives first. D. But to their surprise, they found that starlings also helped non-relatives, including when they might have helped family instead. E. The behavior of superb starlings also suggests that sustaining these sorts of relationships with unrelated fellows benefits everybody. F. It has recorded thousands of interactions between hundreds of the birds and collected DNA to examine their biological relationships. 【答案】47. A 48. F 49. D 50. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了丽椋鸟间会形成类似友谊的关系，它们会互相帮助，包括帮助非亲属。 【47题详解】 由上文“Superb starlings are distinguishing among animals that breed (繁殖) cooperatively.(丽椋鸟在合作繁殖的动物中是与众不同的)”及下文“New parents rely on up to 16 helpers, which bring chicks extra food and help run off killers.(新父母依赖多达16个帮手，它们给雏鸟带来额外的食物，并帮助赶走捕食者)”可知，上文说明了丽椋鸟与众不同，下文具体说明了其与众不同之处，即新父母依赖多达16个帮手，本空应说明丽椋鸟的群体构成情况，A选项“Their groups mix family groups with settlers from other groups.(它们的群体混合了家庭群体和其他群体的定居者)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选A。 【48题详解】 由上文“Dr. Rubenstein’s lab has maintained a 20-year field study of the species that included 40 breeding seasons.(Rubenstein博士的实验室对该物种进行了20年的实地研究，包括40个繁殖季节)”及下文“When Dr. Earl, then a graduate student in the lab, began analyzing the data, she and her team were not shocked to see that birds largely helped relatives, the way an aunt or uncle may temporarily come to babysit and give parents a break.(当时还是实验室研究生的Earl博士开始分析数据时，她和她的团队并不惊讶地发现，鸟类在很大程度上帮助了亲属，就像叔叔或阿姨可能会暂时来照顾孩子，让父母休息一下)”可知，上文说明了Rubenstein博士的实验室对该物种进行了长时间的研究，下文具体说明了研究的数据分析结果，本空应说明研究记录了哪些数据，F选项“It has recorded thousands of interactions between hundreds of the birds and collected DNA to examine their biological relationships.(它记录了数百只鸟之间的数千次互动，并收集了DNA来检查它们的生物关系)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选F。 【49题详解】 由上文“When Dr. Earl, then a graduate student in the lab, began analyzing the data, she and her team were not shocked to see that birds largely helped relatives, the way an aunt or uncle may temporarily come to babysit and give parents a break.(当时还是实验室研究生的Earl博士开始分析数据时，她和她的团队并不惊讶地发现，鸟类在很大程度上帮助了亲属，就像叔叔或阿姨可能会暂时来照顾孩子，让父母休息一下)”及下文“Birds new to the group helped those born within it, and the opposite was also true.(新加入群体的鸟类会帮助群体内出生的鸟类，反之亦然)”可知，上文说明了鸟类在很大程度上帮助了亲属，下文具体说明了鸟类也会帮助非亲属，本空应与上文形成转折关系，引出下文内容，D选项“But to their surprise, they found that starlings also helped non-relatives, including when they might have helped family instead.(但令他们惊讶的是，他们发现丽椋鸟也会帮助非亲属，包括在它们可能会帮助家庭成员的情况下)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选D。 【50题详解】 由上文“And today, as many experts worry about a widespread of human loneliness, there could be value in learning lessons from the superb starling.(如今，许多专家担心人类孤独感的蔓延，从丽椋鸟身上学习经验可能很有价值)”及下文“But maybe don’t offer to stuff small insects down the mouths of your friends’ kids. Luckily, you can always offer to babysit.(但也许不要主动把小虫子塞进你朋友孩子的嘴里。幸运的是，你总是可以主动提出帮忙照顾孩子)”可知，上文说明了从丽椋鸟身上学习经验可能对解决人类孤独感有价值，下文则以幽默的方式提醒人们不要模仿丽椋鸟的某些行为，本空应说明丽椋鸟的行为给人们的启示，即建立并维持与无关同伴的这种关系对所有成员都有好处。E选项“The behavior of superb starlings also suggests that sustaining these sorts of relationships with unrelated fellows benefits everybody.(丽椋鸟的行为也表明，维持与无关同伴的这种关系对所有成员都有好处)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选E。 （十四） （2025~2026学年虹口区二模） Will We Lose Our Ability to Think? For most of my career, I taught writing, literature, and language, primarily to university students. But I quit last fall, in large part, because of large language models (LLMs). Virtually all experienced scholars know that writing, as historian Lynn Hunt argued, is “not the transcription of thoughts already consciously present in mind.” ____47____ Writing is hard work. It is sometimes frightening. With the easy temptation of AI, many — possibly most — of my students were no longer willing to push through discomfort. In my most recent job, I taught academic writing at a technical college. My graduate students, many of whom were computer scientists, understood the mechanisms of generative AI better than I do. They recognized LLMs as unreliable research tools that invent things. They knew that models are trained on existing data and therefore cannot produce novel research. ____48____ Several students admitted to drafting their research in note form and asking AI to write their articles. Students who outsource their writing to AI lose an opportunity to think more deeply about their research. In a recent article on art and generative AI, author Ted Chiang put it this way: “Using AI to complete assignments is like bringing a forklift into the weight room; you will never improve this way.” Chiang also notes that the hundreds of small choices we make as writers are just as important as the initial conception. ____49____ Still, I found myself spending more time giving feedback to AI than to my students. So I quit. The best educators will adapt to AI. In some ways, the changes will be positive. Teachers must move away from mechanical activities or assigning simple summaries. ____50____ However, with few exceptions, my students were not willing to enter those uncomfortable spaces or remain there long enough to discover the power of writing. A. Decisions regarding vocabulary and other elements of style contribute nearly as much to a text’s meaning as the underlying research. B. However, that knowledge did not stop my students from relying heavily on generative AI. C. However, the technology often changes vocabulary and alters meaning even when the only task is “fix the grammar.” D. Rather, writing is a process closely tied to thinking. E. The problem was not recognizing AI-generated or AI-revised text. F. They will find ways to encourage students to think and learn that writing is a way of generating ideas. 【答案】47. D 48. B 49. A 50. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了大型语言模型（LLMs）对学生写作能力及思考能力的影响，并表达了作者对此的担忧。 【47题详解】 由上文“Virtually all experienced scholars know that writing, as historian Lynn Hunt argued, is “not the transcription of thoughts already consciously present in mind.”(几乎所有有经验的学者都知道，正如历史学家林恩·亨特所说，写作“并不是将脑海中已经存在的意识思想转录下来”)”可知，上文说明了写作不是将脑海中已经存在的意识思想转录下来，本空应说明写作应是什么。D选项“Rather, writing is a process closely tied to thinking.(相反，写作是一个与思考紧密相连的过程)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选D。 【48题详解】 由上文“They recognized LLMs as unreliable research tools that invent things. They knew that models are trained on existing data and therefore cannot produce novel research.(他们认识到大型语言模型是不可靠的研究工具，会编造东西。他们知道模型是基于现有数据进行训练的，因此无法产生新颖的研究)”及下文“Several students admitted to drafting their research in note form and asking AI to write their articles.(几名学生承认，他们以笔记形式起草研究报告，并让人工智能撰写文章)”可知，上文说明了学生知道大型语言模型的不可靠性，下文引出学生仍然依赖人工智能的行为，本空应说明这种矛盾行为。B选项“However, that knowledge did not stop my students from relying heavily on generative AI.(然而，这些知识并没有阻止我的学生严重依赖生成式人工智能)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选B。 【49题详解】 由上文“Chiang also notes that the hundreds of small choices we make as writers are just as important as the initial conception.(Chiang还指出，作为作家，我们做出的数百个小选择与最初的构思同样重要)”可知，上文说明了写作中做出的数百个小选择的重要性，本空应进一步说明这些小选择的具体内容。A选项“Decisions regarding vocabulary and other elements of style contribute nearly as much to a text’s meaning as the underlying research.(关于词汇和其他风格元素的决定对文本意义的贡献几乎与基础研究一样多)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选A。 【50题详解】 由上文“The best educators will adapt to AI. In some ways, the changes will be positive. Teachers must move away from mechanical activities or assigning simple summaries.(最好的教育者会适应人工智能。在某些方面，这些变化将是积极的。教师必须远离机械活动或布置简单的总结)”可知，上文说明了最好的教育者会适应人工智能，并指出教师应远离机械活动，本空应说明教师应采取的积极措施。F选项“They will find ways to encourage students to think and learn that writing is a way of generating ideas.(他们会找到方法鼓励学生思考和学习，让他们知道写作是一种产生想法的方式)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选F。 （十五） （2025~2026学年徐汇区二模） Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. Young himself maintains 35 feeders, spacing them apart to reduce conflicts between species. B. Attracting birds starts with the right setup. C. A camera or a monitor is supposed to be installed near your house to observe the birds. D. Nectar feeders require daily or every-other-day cleaning to avoid mold and fermentation. E. Keeping feeders indoors will surely make your life full of fun and pleasure. F. Provide natural cover like trees, shrubs, or brush piles to shelter birds from predators. Bird watching has become a national pastime: 96 million Americans engage in it, with 91 million doing so from home, spending an estimated $4 billion annually on feed. Beyond personal enjoyment, backyard sightings contribute to scientific research. Programs like Project FeederWatch use these observations to track long-term changes in bird populations. (47) ____________________________________________ Expert Matt Young recommends beginning with a platform feeder—a flat tray that accommodates both large and small birds. For drier seed, a hopper feeder with a roof works well. To increase diversity, add tube feeders for finches, suet feeders for woodpeckers and wrens, and nectar feeders for hummingbirds. At the Paton Center in Arizona, specialists also use native pollinator plants to provide both food and shelter. (48) ____________________________________________ Black oil sunflower seed is the universal choice, favored for its high oil and fat content. Other foods attract specific birds: millet and cracked corn for sparrows and doves; peanuts for jays and chickadees; halved oranges for orioles and robins; and Nyjer seed for finches, which often arrive in colorful flocks. Place feeders where you can enjoy the view—near a window or from a common room—but ensure safety. Hang feeders within three feet of glass to prevent fatal collisions, or at least 30 feet away. (49) ____________________________________________ Adding a water source for drinking and bathing will encourage birds to linger. Regular cleaning is essential to prevent disease. Clean feeders every two weeks with soap and water, then soak in a diluted bleach solution (nine parts water to one part bleach) and dry completely before refilling. (50) ____________________________________________ As Young notes, "You take care of the birds in your yard and they'll take care of you." This responsibility is part of the joy of birding, transforming any backyard into a haven for wildlife and a source of scientific contribution. 答案：47. B 48. A 49. F 50. D 解析 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了观鸟这一全民爱好，从观鸟的意义、喂食器选择、鸟类食物、喂食器摆放、清洁维护等方面，详细给出了后院观鸟的实用技巧，兼具趣味性与科学性。 【47 题详解】 上下文衔接题。下文详细介绍了不同类型的喂食器（平台喂食器、料斗喂食器、管状喂食器等），因此空格处应引出 “吸引鸟类的基础设置”。B 项 “吸引鸟类从正确的设置开始” 符合上下文逻辑，引出下文具体设备介绍。故选 B。 【48 题详解】 上下文衔接题。前文提到用本土植物提供食物和栖息地，空格处应承接前文，补充栖息地相关内容。F 项 “提供树木、灌木、灌木丛等天然掩护，保护鸟类免受捕食者侵害” 符合语境，与 shelter 呼应。故选 F。 【49 题详解】 上下文衔接题。前文提到喂食器摆放位置，后文提到添加水源吸引鸟类停留，因此空格处应补充喂食器摆放的细节。A 项 “Young himself maintains 35 feeders, spacing them apart to reduce conflicts between species”（Young 本人养了 35 个喂食器，分开摆放以减少物种间冲突）符合语境，补充摆放技巧。故选 A。 【50 题详解】 上下文衔接题。前文提到定期清洁喂食器的方法，空格处应承接清洁话题，补充特殊喂食器的清洁要求。D 项 “花蜜喂食器需要每天或隔天清洁，避免霉菌滋生和发酵” 符合语境，与 cleaning 呼应。故选 D。 （十六） （2025~2026学年青浦区二模） Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. A. Later, the interval was extended to 10, then 20 years, to lengthen the experiment’s lifespan and gather data over a longer period. B. However, the experiment’s findings have raised more questions than they have answered. C. Many scientists doubt whether the experiment will continue to provide useful data in the future. D. Its goal was to close a major gap in botanical knowledge about how long seeds can stay alive in nature. E. What’s more, this surprising result has greatly changed people’s traditional understanding of seed life. F. Later, they dug up all bottles at once to check the results immediately. The Lengthy Seed Experiment One of humanity’s longest-running and most classic scientific experiments, the William Beal Seed Viability Experiment, was initiated in 1879 by renowned botanist William James Beal at Michigan State University.    47    At the time Beal started the experiment, little was known about seed longevity, and his work aimed to fill this gap with systematic, long-term observation. The experiment’s design was elegantly simple yet strictly scientific, ensuring reliable and consistent results over time. Beal carefully collected seeds from 23 common plant species native to the Michigan area, ranging from wildflowers to grasses. This simple but strict design was key to the experiment’s long-term success and reliability. He then mixed each group of seeds with damp sand to closely imitate the natural soil environment, providing water and the protection seeds would experience underground. These mixtures were sealed in 20 identical glass bottles, which were buried upside down on the university campus to prevent water build-up and rot. The bottles were placed in a quiet, undisturbed area, ensuring they would only be touched during scheduled digs. Initially, a bottle was dug up every five years to test seed survival ability.    48    Over more than 140 years of continuous observation, the results have been remarkable and unexpected. While most seeds lost their ability to grow within just a few decades, a small number of species have challenged all expectations. As of the 2021 dig, seeds of some plants successfully grew in laboratory tests — proving their extraordinary ability to survive inactive in soil for over a century.    49    The experiment’s results have had a far-reaching impact on conservation and agricultural practices.    50    Scientists continue to debate why certain species maintain survival ability far longer than others — whether it is due to the thickness of their seed coats, the amount of internal nutrient storage, or other unique biological features. Additionally, the experiment’s controlled conditions, including consistent soil composition, temperature, and dampness levels, raise questions about how well the results translate into the diverse and often unpredictable natural habitats found around the world. As the experiment continues (with the next dig planned for 2040), it remains a powerful proof to scientific patience and dedication, offering invaluable insights that only the passage of time can reveal. 语篇主题：威廉·比尔种子活力实验（The William Beal Seed Viability Experiment） 47. 答案：D 解析：根据前文 “the William Beal Seed Viability Experiment, was initiated in 1879 by renowned botanist William James Beal at Michigan State University.” 以及后文 “At the time Beal started the experiment, little was known about seed longevity, and his work aimed to fill this gap with systematic, long-term observation.” 可知，此处应介绍实验的目的，D 项 “Its goal was to close a major gap in botanical knowledge about how long seeds can stay alive in nature.” 符合上下文逻辑。 48. 答案：A 解析：根据前文 “Initially, a bottle was dug up every five years to test seed survival ability.” 可知，此处应说明后续挖掘时间间隔的变化，A 项 “Later, the interval was extended to 10, then 20 years, to lengthen the experiment’s lifespan and gather data over a longer period.” 承接上文，符合语境。 49. 答案：E 解析：根据前文 “Over more than 140 years of continuous observation, the results have been remarkable and unexpected.” 以及后文 “The experiment’s results have had a far-reaching impact on conservation and agricultural practices.” 可知，此处应说明实验结果的意义，E 项 “What’s more, this surprising result has greatly changed people’s traditional understanding of seed life.” 起到承上启下的作用。 50. 答案：B 解析：根据后文 “Scientists continue to debate why certain species maintain survival ability far longer than others... raise questions about how well the results translate into the diverse and often unpredictable natural habitats found around the world.” 可知，实验结果引发了更多的问题，B 项 “However, the experiment’s findings have raised more questions than they have answered.” 符合段落主旨。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $