精品解析：2026届上海市虹口区4月二模考试高三英语试题

高三英语 试卷 考生注意： 1．考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Old, but Good Listening to new music is hard. Not hard compared to space travel, but hard compared to listening to music we already know. Those of us who have settled into adult life often don’t listen to new music. With work, bills, children and life ____1____ (come) into play, it’s easy to let go of the act of discovery. Eventually, we bow our heads and reach a stage ____2____ most music becomes something to remember rather than something to experience. Most people have all the songs they could ever need already by the time they turn 30. And ____3____ we have an online music platform, we can easily take ourselves back to our youth, when life was simpler. Why jump off a mountain hoping that you ____4____ (rescue) on the way down by your new favourite album when you can stay safe with your old playlist? Why spend time on something you ____5____ still even end up disliking? From music to clothing brands, we love the things we know because we know them, and therefore we love them. But there is a physiological explanation in our desire to seek comfort in ____6____ familiar. It has something ____7____ (do) with our brains. Our brains change as they recognise new patterns in the world, which is ____8____ makes brains useful. When it comes to listening to music, a network of nerves in the part of the brain that processes sounds ____9____ (help) catalogue the different patterns of music. When ____10____ (match) with a familiar pattern, a sound stimulates our brains to release dopamine — the chemical behind some of our strongest emotions. That’s why music can move us so deeply. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. climatic B. damaging C. exposed D. fresh E. fueling F. inclusively G. lines H. overdependence I. overthrown J. previously K. separated The Fall of the Roman Empire The Western Roman Empire is known as one of the longest lasting empires. Historians believe that the empire collapsed in 476 A.D., when its last ruler, Romulus Augustulus, was ____11____. The question of why the Western Roman Empire ended has fascinated historians for generations, ____12____ a debate that is nowhere near reaching an agreement. In 1984, German historian Alexander Demandt drew up a list of more than two hundred factors that have been cited to explain Rome’s fall — a fall ____13____ blamed on internal corruption (腐败). Other scholars have pointed to more specific reasons. Some have focused on the evolution of the Roman economy, which struggled to expand by the third century A.D. because of ____14____ on enslaved (受奴役的) people for labor. Ongoing military conflicts and civil wars that broke out from the third century on played a part too, weakening central authority and causing the empire to break apart, leaving it more ____15____ to external threats. In recent years, however, a (n) ____16____ theory has emerged, highlighting the impact of climatic changes and disease outbreaks. In a work published in 2017, classics professor Kyle Harper argues that the rise and fall of Rome was shaped not only by emperors, generals, soldiers and slaves, but also by viruses, volcanoes and solar cycles. It is a story in which humanity and the environment cannot be ____17____. Harper and other scholars have drawn on climate and widespread-disease data, which have opened up new ____18____ of research into the study of the past. The data suggest that the ____19____ conditions of the empire in the first century B.C. favored agricultural, economic, and population growth. But they became more variable with a trend toward cooling and drought, which impacted agricultural productivity. This crisis was compounded by another ____20____ natural phenomenon: epidemics (时疫). From the latter half of the second century on, epidemics emerged that affected the whole Roman Empire with unmatched intensity. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Who, or what, do you trust? Every day, we turn to the internet to ____21____: should we stay at that hotel, eat at this restaurant, ride with that driver? We have become so used to the large-scale insights provided by ____22____, many of us wouldn’t even buy a toaster without first checking reviews. Their accessibility and apparent authority mean that simply picking an appliance at random is almost ____23____ — why wouldn’t you ask Google first? And yet, when it comes to many more fundamental choices — like what we choose to study — we often trust our instincts. This, argues economist Seth Davidowitz, is where we are going wrong. ____24____, following our instincts can lead us to act on hidden prejudices or to keep following dead-end paths. In his new book Don’t Trust Your Gut: Using data instead of instinct to make better choices, Seth Davidowitz brings together “credible answers to ____25____ questions” as revealed by vast online data, so we can apply them in order to be more successful and happier. “While we often think we know how to better ourselves, the numbers, it turns out, ____26____,” he writes. Some findings are indeed ____27____, going against common belief — for example, the overstated advantage of youth in starting a business. Others, however, may be more ____28____ expectations: we often overestimate the pleasure of passive activities such as snacking and watching TV. Research by the London School of Economics found that even relaxing tends to make people feel less ____29____ than anticipated. On the other hand, we underestimate the ____30____ to our mood from visiting museums or libraries. From work to relationships, Seth Davidowitz looks to the data for ____31____ on key decisions and, where possible, tries it out for himself. In his book he writes that he used AI, market research and statistical analysis — putting more than 100 edited images of himself into an online survey — to find out that people generally prefer him with glasses and a beard. Though entertaining, his book is most ____32____ when it challenges popular assumptions and demonstrates what works best for most people, so that all of us might learn from their example. But his somewhat idealist view of data may create a ____33____ with a world already transformed by it. ____34____ may not lie, as Seth Davidowitz writes — but nor do they reveal the complete, complex picture, especially when they are controlled by corporate interests. When our ____35____ is already being shaped by data in ways of which we aren’t aware, perhaps success isn’t always a matter of making the right decision. 21. A. make decisions B. express opinions C. gain knowledge D. achieve success 22. A. experience B. freedom C. technology D. power 23. A. rewarding B. exhausting C. effortless D. unthinkable 24. A. By contrast B. After all C. Even so D. In short 25. A. important B. obvious C. factual D. uncomfortable 26. A. remain B. disagree C. approve D. vary 27. A. misleading B. original C. surprising D. experimental 28. A. dependent on B. beneficial to C. consistent with D. strict about 29. A. attentive B. confused C. confident D. happy 30. A. boost B. cost C. risk D. boredom 31. A. convenience B. guidance C. diversity D. precision 32. A. recreational B. complicated C. popular D. practical 33. A. conflict B. conversation C. balance D. relationship 34. A. Books B. Resources C. Numbers D. Instincts 35. A. identity B. behaviour C. status D. reputation Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) My uncle George and I have always shared a special bond. When I was around 5 years old, I asked my parents what was wrong with him. Anyway, they said nothing was ‘wrong’ with him exactly, but that Uncle George was mentally disabled. About once an hour from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m., he calls me 10 times a day, without fail, 365 days a year. Though I love him quite a bit, I answer maybe two of those phone calls a day. Our phone calls always follow the same structure, using one of three fantasy realities from George’s imagination. In one, he’s my dad and I’m his son. In another, he’s Major Charles Winchester, and I’m Captain B. J. Hunnicutt, reporting for duty. In the last, we’re both lifeguards, strategizing the rescue of a drowning person. When the phone rings, I always say “Hello?” as if I don’t know who is calling. “It’s your dad, George!” Or, “It’s Major Winchester!” Or, “This is Tower 1. Tower 2, can you read me?” We go back and forth in character for about a minute and a half, only breaking the bit to laugh. Then he’ll go quiet. “You know something, Tommy,” he’ll say. “I’m just calling to say you’re the best guy I know.” “So are you,” I reply. “The two of us!” This conversation has been repeated multiple times a day for years now. No matter what’s going on in the world, the consistency of these calls is something I can count on. At my most stressed, angry and sad — during painful breakups and professional setbacks — that phone call nevertheless rolls in, allowing me to escape reality for a bit and just laugh and act like a kid again. Because George doesn’t understand things at an adult level, it’s impossible for him to truly comprehend whether I’m having a good or bad day. Instead, he’s able to bring me the same energy, the same love and acceptance, no matter what. It’s an incredible gift. Because I know that even at my worst, when I feel like I’m drowning, I can count on Uncle George, up there in Tower 1, to call down and tell me I’m the best guy he knows. It’s an act of love that saves me, just a little bit, every single day. 36. Which of the following is true about Uncle George? A. He calls on a regular basis every day. B. He pretends to be different from others. C. He is very sensitive to outside criticism. D. He enjoys playing tricks on his nephew. 37. What is consistent about the phone conversations between the author and Uncle George? A. The author always begins with greeting his uncle by name. B. They always end by saying kind words about each other. C. They often discuss real-world news and current events. D. Uncle George always pretends not to know the author. 38. Why does the author value the calls especially during difficult times? A. He feels truly understood and comforted by his uncle. B. Uncle George can help solve his real-world problems. C. The calls allow him to take a short break from reality. D. It makes him very proud to be relied on by his family. 39. What message does the author want to convey through the passage? A. People with disabilities can understand others better than most adults do. B. Frequent phone calls are the best way to keep relationships strong. C. Role-play helps strengthen family bonds across generations. D. A simple act of love can provide steady comfort in life. (B) Gift yourself free classes today Are you looking to bridge the gap between lifestyle and health, and start the positive journey of living better? If so, then Goldster can help. Our friendly community takes on the challenges of living in a noisy world through live online classes for people of all ability levels. Classes are science-backed, hosted by industry-leading experts and designed for everyone. 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Join for free and receive: ·5 free live and 5 free on-demand classes, with full access to daily live classes and recordings ·A daily email with class joining links ·The Magazine full of weekly health and wellbeing articles ·Exclusive online events How does it work? Goldster classes are delivered online, meaning you can join from anywhere in the world. Just find the class you want to join and click to participate. Plus no payment details are taken upon registration, and you will not be entered into an automatic subscription, so you can join and enjoy in confidence. What do our customers say? Norma “Goldster has had a very positive impact on my life. It has kept me focused and motivated while exercising.” Angi “Goldster is a brilliant and affordable one-stop solution to many of the challenges we currently face.” 40. According to the passage, what is Goldster? A. A platform that supports live communication. B. An organization that lifts one’s skills like writing. C. A gym that offers fitness classes for all energy levels. D. A community that promotes physical and mental health. 41. According to the passage, what can be inferred about signing up for Goldster? A. It guarantees lifetime free access to all online recordings. B. It requires you to commit to attending classes every day. C. It lets you download all recordings for offline use. D. It will not charge you any fees when you register. 42. What is the purpose of including the “What do our customers say?” part? A. To prove the accessibility of the lessons. B. To quote real customers to add credibility. C. To suggest the lessons can be personalized. D. To present two star members of Goldster. (C) New forms of credit are often met with doubts. A century ago, furniture and car sellers realized they could reach more customers if they accepted payments in instalments (分期付款). To critics this was a sign of moral decline. When in 1958 Bank of America started posting credit cards to customers, it did not take long for opponents to worry about the consequences. Today the reproachful frowns are aimed at “buy now, pay later” (BNPL). This practice, which lets people pay for things they buy online in instalments, is booming: over $300bn in payments were financed in such a manner last year. Borrowers tend to be younger and less credit-worthy than average, which is causing concern. Many critics worry that the industry takes advantage of the young, while analysts worry that the hidden debt makes it hard to monitor credit risks. Yet BNPL could be a valuable innovation. New financial products often cause worry because they draw in customers with little experience of credit, but reaching new customers is generally a good thing. Modern finance is not perfect; the poor and the young are underserved, partly because they often have no credit history. It is only reasonable for upstarts to fill a gap in the market, and if they provide a useful service, they can grow rapidly. After an initial wave of fraud (欺诈), Bank of America’s credit-card business eventually revolutionized the way people pay. Today, it is more widely recognized by the name it adopted when it became a separate company in the 1970s: Visa. Critics are right, though, to worry that BNPL loans remain hidden from regulators and other lenders as providers do not supply comprehensive data to credit-reporting firms on their users’ borrowing and repayments. Although they benefit from checking their customers’ credit, they deny other lenders the opportunity to do the same, which raises the possibility that banks will lend to people with substantial BNPL debts, not realizing they are riskier than they appear. Some providers say they do not trust credit bureaus — agencies that collect, organize, and provide information about individuals’ credit histories — to understand this new form of finance; others may see the secrecy it offers as an advantage, because it attracts borrowers who wish to keep their debts hidden. Despite such concerns, providers should be required to report their data, as Affirm, one of America’s largest BNPL lenders, has recently begun to do. Many providers wish to reach further into mainstream finance, and to achieve those dreams, they must open up. 43. What is “the reproachful frowns” in paragraph 2 closest in meaning to? A. New forms of credit. B. Disapproving reactions. C. Signs of moral decline. D. Surprised expressions. 44. Why does the author mention Bank of America’s credit-card business (paragraph 3)? A. To show what makes a new financial product eventually become a success. B. To argue that BNPL will finally take the place of current credit card business. C. To prove that fraud remains something that is unavoidable in the field of finance. D. To suggest that financial innovations are often doubted before gaining acceptance. 45. According to the passage, what is a key concern about BNPL firms? A. They share personal data with credit bureaus. B. They burden borrowers with high interest rates. C. They overlook borrowers’ repayment ability. D. They make credit risk harder to monitor. 46. What is the author’s attitude towards BNPL? A. It may harm the young, so regulators should ban it. B. It is growing, and it is making online shopping easier. C. It may be useful, but providers need to fully report data. D. It is unfair, as it excludes less credit-worthy borrowers. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Will We Lose Our Ability to Think? For most of my career, I taught writing, literature, and language, primarily to university students. But I quit last fall, in large part, because of large language models (LLMs). Virtually all experienced scholars know that writing, as historian Lynn Hunt argued, is “not the transcription of thoughts already consciously present in mind.” ____47____ Writing is hard work. It is sometimes frightening. With the easy temptation of AI, many — possibly most — of my students were no longer willing to push through discomfort. In my most recent job, I taught academic writing at a technical college. My graduate students, many of whom were computer scientists, understood the mechanisms of generative AI better than I do. They recognized LLMs as unreliable research tools that invent things. They knew that models are trained on existing data and therefore cannot produce novel research. ____48____ Several students admitted to drafting their research in note form and asking AI to write their articles. Students who outsource their writing to AI lose an opportunity to think more deeply about their research. In a recent article on art and generative AI, author Ted Chiang put it this way: “Using AI to complete assignments is like bringing a forklift into the weight room; you will never improve this way.” Chiang also notes that the hundreds of small choices we make as writers are just as important as the initial conception. ____49____ Still, I found myself spending more time giving feedback to AI than to my students. So I quit. The best educators will adapt to AI. In some ways, the changes will be positive. Teachers must move away from mechanical activities or assigning simple summaries. ____50____ However, with few exceptions, my students were not willing to enter those uncomfortable spaces or remain there long enough to discover the power of writing. A. Decisions regarding vocabulary and other elements of style contribute nearly as much to a text’s meaning as the underlying research. B. However, that knowledge did not stop my students from relying heavily on generative AI. C. However, the technology often changes vocabulary and alters meaning even when the only task is “fix the grammar.” D. Rather, writing is a process closely tied to thinking. E. The problem was not recognizing AI-generated or AI-revised text. F. They will find ways to encourage students to think and learn that writing is a way of generating ideas. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How We Think About Sleep We live in a world concerned about how much sleep we get. Many of us chase solutions in the pursuit of that golden 8 hours of sleep. But what if the secret to feeling restored has little to do with how much we actually slept? A wave of new research suggests that the way we think about sleep matters more than the hours we get. Last year, a UCLA study tracked 249 people, noting both their actual sleep time and their self-reported sleep behaviour. The mismatch between the two sets of data was striking: many people claimed they had slept terribly, but the objective data showed a different case. When participants performed cognitive (认知的) tests, it was the self-reported sleep quality that predicted how well they did, rather than the objective data. This suggests that changing how we think about our sleep might help us respond better to a lack of sleep. But to make full use of this power, we also need to consider how people judge their sleep quality. In the follow-up study, participants rated their previous night’s sleep every two hours while reporting their mood, physical activity and social activities. More than 90 per cent of the participants changed their sleep quality ratings during the day. Among all the factors, physical activity most improved their sleep views. Dragging yourself to the gym, despite little sleep, isn’t such a bad idea — it might positively reshape your memory of sleep, leading to beneficial knock-on effects. For people with long-term sleep struggles, a positive mindset sometimes means all. Actively reshaping your perception of last night’s sleep the next day could help to achieve this. Another way is to simply re-examine how many hours you think you need — eight hours is not a universal rule. Helping people reset expectations can reduce worry and improve sleep satisfaction, even without increasing total sleep time. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 农贸市场里，色泽鲜亮、汁水充足的西红柿随处可见。（display）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 该品牌从传统编织工艺中汲取灵感，推出了马年新春系列。（collection）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 越来越多咖啡店推出自带杯优惠，咖啡爱好者每月都能省下一笔不小的开销。（discount）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 为推动教育改革，李教授创立了自动化技术研究中心，开设机器人课程，以便学生在做中学、在探索中创新。（so that）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。你最近收听一档英语播客（podcast），主持人在节目中谈到：“面对重要选择，与其一味求稳，不如选择具有挑战性但更符合自己兴趣的道路。”对此，你产生了思考，并决定给该播客主持人写一封邮件，表达你的看法。邮件内容须包括： （1）你是否赞成主持人的观点； （2）用一个具体事例来说明你的理由。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高三英语 试卷 考生注意： 1．考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Old, but Good Listening to new music is hard. Not hard compared to space travel, but hard compared to listening to music we already know. Those of us who have settled into adult life often don’t listen to new music. With work, bills, children and life ____1____ (come) into play, it’s easy to let go of the act of discovery. Eventually, we bow our heads and reach a stage ____2____ most music becomes something to remember rather than something to experience. Most people have all the songs they could ever need already by the time they turn 30. And ____3____ we have an online music platform, we can easily take ourselves back to our youth, when life was simpler. Why jump off a mountain hoping that you ____4____ (rescue) on the way down by your new favourite album when you can stay safe with your old playlist? Why spend time on something you ____5____ still even end up disliking? From music to clothing brands, we love the things we know because we know them, and therefore we love them. But there is a physiological explanation in our desire to seek comfort in ____6____ familiar. It has something ____7____ (do) with our brains. Our brains change as they recognise new patterns in the world, which is ____8____ makes brains useful. When it comes to listening to music, a network of nerves in the part of the brain that processes sounds ____9____ (help) catalogue the different patterns of music. When ____10____ (match) with a familiar pattern, a sound stimulates our brains to release dopamine — the chemical behind some of our strongest emotions. That’s why music can move us so deeply. 【答案】1. coming 2. where 3. now that##seeing that 4. will be rescued 5. might##may 6. the 7. to do 8. what 9. helps 10. matched 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了成年人倾向于听老歌的原因，包括生活忙碌、对新事物的不确定性以及大脑对新旧音乐的反应差异等。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：随着工作、账单、孩子和生活的出现，我们很容易放弃探索的行为。空处是非谓语动词，with的复合结构中，work，bills，children and life和come之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式，作宾语补足语。故填coming。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：最终，我们低下头，进入一个阶段，在这个阶段，大多数音乐成为需要被记住的东西，而不是需要体验的东西。空处引导定语从句，先行词是stage，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【3题详解】 考查原因状语从句。句意：既然/鉴于我们有了一个在线音乐平台，就能轻易重温青春岁月，那时的生活更加简单。本空表示“既然，由于”，用now that引导原因状语从句。也可以表示“鉴于，既然”用seeing that，引导原因状语从句。故填now that/seeing that。 【4题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：当你可以安全地听老歌时，为什么要冒险跳下悬崖，希望在下降的过程中被你最喜欢的新专辑拯救呢？空处在hope的宾语从句中作谓语，此处表示将来的动作，应用一般将来时，且主语you和rescue之间是被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态will be rescued。故填will be rescued。 【5题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：为什么要花时间在那些你可能最终仍然不喜欢的东西上呢？本空表示不确定的推测，意为“或许，可能”，用情态动词might/may。故填might/may。 【6题详解】 考查冠词。句意：但是，我们渴望在熟悉的事物中寻求安慰是有生理学解释的。“the+形容词”表示一类人或事物，the familiar意为“熟悉的事物”。故填the。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这与我们的大脑有关。have something to do with是固定短语，意为“与……有关”。故填to do。 【8题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：我们的大脑在识别世界上的新模式时会发生变化，这就是大脑有用的原因。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“……的事情”，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 【9题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当涉及到听音乐时，大脑中处理声音的部分的一组神经有助于对音乐的不同模式进行分类。本句陈述科学事实，应用一般现在时，主语a network of nerves表示单数意义，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式helps。故填helps。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：当与熟悉的模式匹配时，声音会刺激我们的大脑释放多巴胺——这种化学物质是我们一些最强烈情感的背后原因。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词，此处match与逻辑主语a sound之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式，状语从句完整句子为“When it is matched with a familiar pattern”，省略it is，保留过去分词。故填matched。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. climatic B. damaging C. exposed D. fresh E. fueling F. inclusively G. lines H. overdependence I. overthrown J. previously K. separated The Fall of the Roman Empire The Western Roman Empire is known as one of the longest lasting empires. Historians believe that the empire collapsed in 476 A.D., when its last ruler, Romulus Augustulus, was ____11____. The question of why the Western Roman Empire ended has fascinated historians for generations, ____12____ a debate that is nowhere near reaching an agreement. In 1984, German historian Alexander Demandt drew up a list of more than two hundred factors that have been cited to explain Rome’s fall — a fall ____13____ blamed on internal corruption (腐败). Other scholars have pointed to more specific reasons. Some have focused on the evolution of the Roman economy, which struggled to expand by the third century A.D. because of ____14____ on enslaved (受奴役的) people for labor. Ongoing military conflicts and civil wars that broke out from the third century on played a part too, weakening central authority and causing the empire to break apart, leaving it more ____15____ to external threats. In recent years, however, a (n) ____16____ theory has emerged, highlighting the impact of climatic changes and disease outbreaks. In a work published in 2017, classics professor Kyle Harper argues that the rise and fall of Rome was shaped not only by emperors, generals, soldiers and slaves, but also by viruses, volcanoes and solar cycles. It is a story in which humanity and the environment cannot be ____17____. Harper and other scholars have drawn on climate and widespread-disease data, which have opened up new ____18____ of research into the study of the past. The data suggest that the ____19____ conditions of the empire in the first century B.C. favored agricultural, economic, and population growth. But they became more variable with a trend toward cooling and drought, which impacted agricultural productivity. This crisis was compounded by another ____20____ natural phenomenon: epidemics (时疫). From the latter half of the second century on, epidemics emerged that affected the whole Roman Empire with unmatched intensity. 【答案】11. I 12. E 13. J 14. H 15. C 16. D 17. K 18. G 19. A 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了西罗马帝国灭亡的原因，包括内部腐败、经济问题、军事冲突、气候变化和疾病爆发等。 【11题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：历史学家认为，公元476年，西罗马帝国最后一任统治者罗慕路斯·奥古斯都路斯被推翻，帝国随之崩溃。根据“The question of why the Western Roman Empire ended”可知，此处指西罗马帝国最后一任统治者被推翻，I选项“overthrown”为overthrow“推翻”的过去分词，与was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填I。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：西罗马帝国为何终结的问题一直吸引着历史学家，引发了一场远未达成共识的辩论。根据“a debate that is nowhere near reaching an agreement”可知，此处指引发了一场远未达成共识的辩论，E选项“fueling”为fuel“引发，加剧”的现在分词，作状语。故填E。 【13题详解】 考查副词。句意：1984年，德国历史学家亚历山大·德曼特列出了一份清单，列举了200多个被用来解释罗马衰落的因素——人们以前认为罗马的衰落是内部腐败造成的。根据“blamed on internal corruption”可知，此处指人们以前认为罗马的衰落是内部腐败造成的，用J选项“previously”，意为“以前”，作状语。故填J。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：一些学者关注罗马经济的演变，由于过度依赖奴隶劳动，到公元3世纪，罗马经济难以扩张。根据“on enslaved (受奴役的) people for labor”可知，此处指过度依赖奴隶劳动，H选项“overdependence”意为“过度依赖”，作宾语。故填H。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：从3世纪开始爆发的持续军事冲突和内战也起到了一定作用，削弱了中央权威，导致帝国分裂，使其更容易受到外部威胁。根据“to external threats”可知，此处指使其更容易受到外部威胁，用C选项“exposed”，意为“易受攻击的，无保护的”，作宾补。故填C。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，近年来，一种新的理论出现了，强调气候变化和疾病爆发的影响。根据“highlighting the impact of climatic changes and disease outbreaks”可知，前文介绍传统观点，此处表示新兴理论，用D选项“fresh”，意为“新的”，作定语。故填D。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：在这个故事中，人类和环境是不可分割的。根据“humanity and the environment cannot be”可知，此处指人类和环境是不可分割的，K选项“separated”为separate“分离”的过去分词，与humanity and the environment为被动关系，本空用过去分词，与cannot be构成含情态动词的被动语态。故填K。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：哈珀和其他学者利用气候和广泛传播的疾病数据，为过去的研究开辟了新的研究途径。根据“of research into the study of the past”可知，哈珀和其他学者为过去的研究开辟了新的方向。lines of research为固定搭配，意为“研究方向”。故填G。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：数据显示，帝国在公元前一世纪的气候条件有利于农业、经济和人口增长。根据“conditions of the empire in the first century B.C. favored agricultural, economic, and population growth”可知，此处指帝国在公元前一世纪的气候条件，用A选项“climatic”，意为“气候的”，作定语。故填A。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这场危机因另一种破坏性的自然现象而加剧：流行病。根据“natural phenomenon: epidemics (时疫)”可知，此处指流行病是破坏性的，用B选项“damaging”，意为“破坏性的”，作定语。故填B。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Who, or what, do you trust? Every day, we turn to the internet to ____21____: should we stay at that hotel, eat at this restaurant, ride with that driver? We have become so used to the large-scale insights provided by ____22____, many of us wouldn’t even buy a toaster without first checking reviews. Their accessibility and apparent authority mean that simply picking an appliance at random is almost ____23____ — why wouldn’t you ask Google first? And yet, when it comes to many more fundamental choices — like what we choose to study — we often trust our instincts. This, argues economist Seth Davidowitz, is where we are going wrong. ____24____, following our instincts can lead us to act on hidden prejudices or to keep following dead-end paths. In his new book Don’t Trust Your Gut: Using data instead of instinct to make better choices, Seth Davidowitz brings together “credible answers to ____25____ questions” as revealed by vast online data, so we can apply them in order to be more successful and happier. “While we often think we know how to better ourselves, the numbers, it turns out, ____26____,” he writes. Some findings are indeed ____27____, going against common belief — for example, the overstated advantage of youth in starting a business. Others, however, may be more ____28____ expectations: we often overestimate the pleasure of passive activities such as snacking and watching TV. Research by the London School of Economics found that even relaxing tends to make people feel less ____29____ than anticipated. On the other hand, we underestimate the ____30____ to our mood from visiting museums or libraries. From work to relationships, Seth Davidowitz looks to the data for ____31____ on key decisions and, where possible, tries it out for himself. In his book he writes that he used AI, market research and statistical analysis — putting more than 100 edited images of himself into an online survey — to find out that people generally prefer him with glasses and a beard. Though entertaining, his book is most ____32____ when it challenges popular assumptions and demonstrates what works best for most people, so that all of us might learn from their example. But his somewhat idealist view of data may create a ____33____ with a world already transformed by it. ____34____ may not lie, as Seth Davidowitz writes — but nor do they reveal the complete, complex picture, especially when they are controlled by corporate interests. When our ____35____ is already being shaped by data in ways of which we aren’t aware, perhaps success isn’t always a matter of making the right decision. 21. A. make decisions B. express opinions C. gain knowledge D. achieve success 22. A. experience B. freedom C. technology D. power 23. A. rewarding B. exhausting C. effortless D. unthinkable 24. A. By contrast B. After all C. Even so D. In short 25. A. important B. obvious C. factual D. uncomfortable 26. A. remain B. disagree C. approve D. vary 27. A. misleading B. original C. surprising D. experimental 28. A. dependent on B. beneficial to C. consistent with D. strict about 29. A. attentive B. confused C. confident D. happy 30. A. boost B. cost C. risk D. boredom 31. A. convenience B. guidance C. diversity D. precision 32. A. recreational B. complicated C. popular D. practical 33. A. conflict B. conversation C. balance D. relationship 34. A. Books B. Resources C. Numbers D. Instincts 35. A. identity B. behaviour C. status D. reputation 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨数据优于直觉，理性抉择并反思数据局限性。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：每天，我们都会求助于互联网来做决定：我们应该住在那家酒店、在这家餐厅吃饭、乘坐那位司机的车吗？A. make decisions做决定；B. express opinions表达意见；C. gain knowledge获得知识；D. achieve success取得成功。根据下文“should we stay at that hotel, eat at this restaurant, ride with that driver?”可知，后文列举的住宿、就餐、出行选择均属于日常决策，说明我们上网是为求助于互联网来做决定。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们已经如此习惯科技提供的大规模参考信息，很多人就连买一个烤面包机都要先查看评论。A. experience经验；B. freedom自由；C. technology科技；D. power力量。根据上文“We have become so used to the large-scale insights provided by”以及常识可知，互联网属于科技，此处指我们已经习惯于科技所提供的见解。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们的可及性和明显的权威性意味着，随便挑选一件电器几乎是不可想象的——你为什么不先问问谷歌呢？A. rewarding值得的；B. exhausting令人疲惫的；C. effortless不费力的；D. unthinkable不可想象的。根据上文“Their accessibility and apparent authority mean that simply picking an appliance at random is almost”可知，人们习惯查网络参考，网络有可及性和明显的权威性，因此盲目选购家电是人们不会考虑、无法想象的事。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：毕竟，跟随我们的直觉会导致我们按照隐藏的偏见行事，或者继续走死胡同。A. By contrast相比之下；B. After all毕竟；C. Even so即便如此；D. In short简言之。根据下文“following our instincts can lead us to act on hidden prejudices or to keep following dead-end paths”可知，此处是在解释为什么我们不应该仅仅依靠直觉来做决定，after all表示“毕竟”，用于引出解释或理由。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在新作《别信直觉：用数据而非本能做出更好的选择》一书中，塞思・达维多维茨整合了海量网络大数据所揭示的、各类重要人生问题的可靠答案，以便我们借鉴运用，从而收获更大的成功与幸福感。A. important重要的；B. obvious明显的；C. factual事实的；D. uncomfortable令人不适的。根据后文“From work to relationships, Seth Davidowitz looks to the data for ______ on key decisions”可知，这本书提及工作、人 际关系等，都是人生关键重要的问题。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“虽然我们常常认为自己知道如何提升自己，但事实证明，数字并不认同，”他写道。A. remain保持；B. disagree不同意；C. approve批准；D. vary变化。根据上文“While we often think we know how to better ourselves, the numbers, it turns out”可知，句首的“While”引导让步状语从句，表示转折。从句说“虽然我们常常认为自己知道如何提升自己”，主句则应该表达与之相反的意思，即实际情况（数字）与我们的想法不一致。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些发现确实令人惊讶，与普遍看法相悖——例如，年轻人创业的优势被夸大了。A. misleading误导的；B. original原始的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. experimental实验的。根据下文“going against common belief”可知，有些发现与普遍看法相悖，因此是令人惊讶的。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：然而，其他一些发现可能更符合人们的预期：我们常常高估了诸如吃零食和看电视等被动活动的乐趣。A. dependent on依靠；B. beneficial to有益于；C. consistent with符合；D. strict about严格。根据下文“we often overestimate the pleasure of passive activities such as snacking and watching TV”可知，前文发现违背常识，此处转折，表示另一部分和预期相符，我们常常高估了吃零食和看电视等被动活动的乐趣，这是符合人们预期的。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：伦敦经济学院的研究发现，即使是放松也往往让人感觉不如预期的快乐。A. attentive专注的；B. confused困惑的；C. confident自信的；D. happy快乐的。根据上文“Research by the London School of Economics found that even relaxing tends to make people feel less ”可知，前文提到高估被动活动的愉悦感，此处对应放松的实际幸福感、快乐感更低。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，我们低估了参观博物馆或图书馆对我们情绪的提升作用。A. boost提升；B. cost成本；C. risk风险；D. boredom无聊。根据上文“On the other hand, we underestimate the”以及下文“from visiting museums or libraries”可知，前文被动活动幸福感偏低，对比可知文化活动能改善、提升心情。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从工作到人际关系，塞思·戴维维茨都从数据中寻求关键决策的指导，并在可能的情况下亲自尝试。A. convenience便利；B. guidance指导；C. diversity多样性；D. precision精确。根据上文“Seth Davidowitz looks to the data for”以及下文“on key decisions”可知，塞思·戴维维茨主张用数据辅助选择，即数据为决策提供参考指导。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然他的书很有趣，但当它挑战流行假设并证明什么对大多数人最有效时，它才最实用，这样我们所有人都可以从他们的例子中学习。A. recreational娱乐的；B. complicated复杂的；C. popular流行的；D. practical实用的。根据下文“when it challenges popular assumptions and demonstrates what works best for most people, so that all of us might learn from their example”可知，当它挑战流行假设并展示对大多数人最有效的方法，以便我们所有人都能学习，这解释了这本书的价值所在。这种能够被人们学习并应用的特性就是“实用性”。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他对数据有些理想化的看法可能会与一个已经被数据改变的世界产生冲突。A. conflict冲突；B. conversation对话；C. balance平衡；D. relationship关系。根据下文“but nor do they reveal the complete, complex picture, especially when they are controlled by corporate interests”可知，下文指出数据存在局限性、受企业利益操控，说明塞思·戴维维茨的理想数据观和现实存在矛盾。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：数字可能不会说谎，正如塞思·戴维维茨所写的那样——但它们也没有揭示出完整、复杂的画面，尤其是当它们被企业利益控制时。A. Books书籍；B. Resources资源；C. Numbers数字；D. Instincts直觉。根据上文“as Seth Davidowitz writes — but nor do they reveal the complete, complex picture”以及前文多次提到的“numbers”可知，全文核心围绕数据对比直觉展开，此处指代前文反复提及的数字，此处指数字可能不会说谎，但也没有揭示出完整、复杂的画面。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们的行为已经在以我们没有意识到的方式被数据塑造时，也许成功并不总是做出正确决定的问题。A. identity身份；B. behaviour行为；C. status地位；D. reputation名声。根据下文“is already being shaped by data in ways of which we aren’t aware”可知，日常生活中依靠数据做各类选择、被数据影响生活方式，都属于行为层面的塑造，此处指我们的行为已经在以我们没有意识到的方式被数据塑造。故选B。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) My uncle George and I have always shared a special bond. When I was around 5 years old, I asked my parents what was wrong with him. Anyway, they said nothing was ‘wrong’ with him exactly, but that Uncle George was mentally disabled. About once an hour from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m., he calls me 10 times a day, without fail, 365 days a year. Though I love him quite a bit, I answer maybe two of those phone calls a day. Our phone calls always follow the same structure, using one of three fantasy realities from George’s imagination. In one, he’s my dad and I’m his son. In another, he’s Major Charles Winchester, and I’m Captain B. J. Hunnicutt, reporting for duty. In the last, we’re both lifeguards, strategizing the rescue of a drowning person. When the phone rings, I always say “Hello?” as if I don’t know who is calling. “It’s your dad, George!” Or, “It’s Major Winchester!” Or, “This is Tower 1. Tower 2, can you read me?” We go back and forth in character for about a minute and a half, only breaking the bit to laugh. Then he’ll go quiet. “You know something, Tommy,” he’ll say. “I’m just calling to say you’re the best guy I know.” “So are you,” I reply. “The two of us!” This conversation has been repeated multiple times a day for years now. No matter what’s going on in the world, the consistency of these calls is something I can count on. At my most stressed, angry and sad — during painful breakups and professional setbacks — that phone call nevertheless rolls in, allowing me to escape reality for a bit and just laugh and act like a kid again. Because George doesn’t understand things at an adult level, it’s impossible for him to truly comprehend whether I’m having a good or bad day. Instead, he’s able to bring me the same energy, the same love and acceptance, no matter what. It’s an incredible gift. Because I know that even at my worst, when I feel like I’m drowning, I can count on Uncle George, up there in Tower 1, to call down and tell me I’m the best guy he knows. It’s an act of love that saves me, just a little bit, every single day. 36. Which of the following is true about Uncle George? A. He calls on a regular basis every day. B. He pretends to be different from others. C. He is very sensitive to outside criticism. D. He enjoys playing tricks on his nephew. 37. What is consistent about the phone conversations between the author and Uncle George? A. The author always begins with greeting his uncle by name. B. They always end by saying kind words about each other. C. They often discuss real-world news and current events. D. Uncle George always pretends not to know the author. 38. Why does the author value the calls especially during difficult times? A. He feels truly understood and comforted by his uncle. B. Uncle George can help solve his real-world problems. C. The calls allow him to take a short break from reality. D. It makes him very proud to be relied on by his family. 39. What message does the author want to convey through the passage? A. People with disabilities can understand others better than most adults do. B. Frequent phone calls are the best way to keep relationships strong. C. Role-play helps strengthen family bonds across generations. D. A simple act of love can provide steady comfort in life. 【答案】36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与患有智力障碍的叔叔乔治之间通过日常电话交流建立起的深厚情感，以及这些电话在作者困难时期给予的安慰和支持。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“About once an hour from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m., he calls me 10 times a day, without fail, 365 days a year.(从早上7点到晚上7点，他大约每小时给我打一次电话，一天10次，一年365天，从不间断。)”可知，乔治叔叔每天都定期打电话。故选A。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第五段““You know something, Tommy,” he’ll say. “I’m just calling to say you’re the best guy I know.”(“你知道吗，汤米，”他会说，“我打电话只是想告诉你，你是我认识的最棒的人。”)”和倒数第四段““So are you,” I reply. “The two of us!”(“你也是，”我回答，“我们俩！”)”可知，作者和乔治叔叔的电话交谈中一致的是，他们总是以说彼此的好话结束。故选B。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“At my most stressed, angry and sad — during painful breakups and professional setbacks — that phone call nevertheless rolls in, allowing me to escape reality for a bit and just laugh and act like a kid again.(在我最紧张、最愤怒、最悲伤的时候——在痛苦的分手和职业挫折中——那个电话还是打了进来，让我暂时逃离现实，像孩子一样欢笑和行动。)”可知，作者特别珍惜在困难时期的电话，因为这些电话能让他暂时逃离现实。故选C。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“It’s an act of love that saves me, just a little bit, every single day.(这是一种爱的行为，每天都能给我一点点的拯救。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者与患有智力障碍的叔叔乔治之间通过日常电话交流建立起的深厚情感，以及这些电话在作者困难时期给予的安慰和支持，从而传达了“一个简单的爱的行为可以在生活中提供稳定的安慰”这一信息。故选D。 (B) Gift yourself free classes today Are you looking to bridge the gap between lifestyle and health, and start the positive journey of living better? If so, then Goldster can help. Our friendly community takes on the challenges of living in a noisy world through live online classes for people of all ability levels. Classes are science-backed, hosted by industry-leading experts and designed for everyone. With up to 20 live classes daily, there’s always something to enjoy, from Pilates and Tai Chi to Resistance Training and Dance — there are also fitness classes suitable for all levels if you fancy something a little more energetic. Or if you prefer, craft your creativity with Creative Writing, Poetry and Art and sharpen your thought with Brain Training classes and our beloved book club. You can even capture some calm and melt into some mindfulness and self-massage with classes that help to invite a peaceful night’s sleep. So why not choose to feel better? Join Goldster now and enjoy 5 free live and 5 free on-demand classes free of charge; simply register, choose a class, and click to join. Be inspired, keep active, healthy, and socially connected with Goldster. Join for free and receive: ·5 free live and 5 free on-demand classes, with full access to daily live classes and recordings ·A daily email with class joining links ·The Magazine full of weekly health and wellbeing articles ·Exclusive online events How does it work? Goldster classes are delivered online, meaning you can join from anywhere in the world. Just find the class you want to join and click to participate. Plus no payment details are taken upon registration, and you will not be entered into an automatic subscription, so you can join and enjoy in confidence. What do our customers say? Norma “Goldster has had a very positive impact on my life. It has kept me focused and motivated while exercising.” Angi “Goldster is a brilliant and affordable one-stop solution to many of the challenges we currently face.” 40. According to the passage, what is Goldster? A. A platform that supports live communication. B. An organization that lifts one’s skills like writing. C. A gym that offers fitness classes for all energy levels. D. A community that promotes physical and mental health. 41. According to the passage, what can be inferred about signing up for Goldster? A. It guarantees lifetime free access to all online recordings. B. It requires you to commit to attending classes every day. C. It lets you download all recordings for offline use. D. It will not charge you any fees when you register. 42. What is the purpose of including the “What do our customers say?” part? A. To prove the accessibility of the lessons. B. To quote real customers to add credibility. C. To suggest the lessons can be personalized. D. To present two star members of Goldster. 【答案】40. D 41. D 42. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Goldster社区及其免费课程福利。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据左边表格中第二段“Our friendly community takes on the challenges of living in a noisy world through live online classes for people of all ability levels.(我们友好的社区通过为各种能力水平的人提供在线直播课程，来应对生活在喧嚣世界中的挑战。)”以及第三段中“With up to 20 live classes daily, there’s always something to enjoy, from Pilates and Tai Chi to Resistance Training and Dance — there are also fitness classes suitable for all levels if you fancy something a little more energetic.(每天有多达20节直播课，总有适合你的课程，从普拉提和太极到阻力训练和舞蹈——如果你想要更有活力的课程，还有适合所有水平的健身课程。)”以及第四段中“Or if you prefer, craft your creativity with Creative Writing, Poetry and Art and sharpen your thought with Brain Training classes and our beloved book club.(或者，如果你愿意，可以通过创意写作、诗歌和艺术来发挥你的创造力，并通过脑力训练课程和我们心爱的读书俱乐部来磨练你的思维。)”可知，Goldster是一个促进身心健康的社区。故选D。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据How does it work?部分中“Plus no payment details are taken upon registration, and you will not be entered into an automatic subscription, so you can join and enjoy in confidence.(此外，注册时不会收取任何付款信息，也不会自动订阅，因此您可以放心地加入并享受。)”可知，注册Goldster时不会收取任何费用。故选D。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据右边表格中“What do our customers say?(我们的客户怎么说？)”以及下文Norma所说的话“Goldster has had a very positive impact on my life. It has kept me focused and motivated while exercising.(Goldster对我的生活产生了非常积极的影响。它让我在锻炼时保持专注和动力。)”和Angi所说的话“Goldster is a brilliant and affordable one-stop solution to many of the challenges we currently face.(Goldster是一个出色且负担得起的一站式解决方案，可以解决我们目前面临的许多挑战。)”可知，这部分的目的是引用真实客户的话来增加可信度。故选B。 (C) New forms of credit are often met with doubts. A century ago, furniture and car sellers realized they could reach more customers if they accepted payments in instalments (分期付款). To critics this was a sign of moral decline. When in 1958 Bank of America started posting credit cards to customers, it did not take long for opponents to worry about the consequences. Today the reproachful frowns are aimed at “buy now, pay later” (BNPL). This practice, which lets people pay for things they buy online in instalments, is booming: over $300bn in payments were financed in such a manner last year. Borrowers tend to be younger and less credit-worthy than average, which is causing concern. Many critics worry that the industry takes advantage of the young, while analysts worry that the hidden debt makes it hard to monitor credit risks. Yet BNPL could be a valuable innovation. New financial products often cause worry because they draw in customers with little experience of credit, but reaching new customers is generally a good thing. Modern finance is not perfect; the poor and the young are underserved, partly because they often have no credit history. It is only reasonable for upstarts to fill a gap in the market, and if they provide a useful service, they can grow rapidly. After an initial wave of fraud (欺诈), Bank of America’s credit-card business eventually revolutionized the way people pay. Today, it is more widely recognized by the name it adopted when it became a separate company in the 1970s: Visa. Critics are right, though, to worry that BNPL loans remain hidden from regulators and other lenders as providers do not supply comprehensive data to credit-reporting firms on their users’ borrowing and repayments. Although they benefit from checking their customers’ credit, they deny other lenders the opportunity to do the same, which raises the possibility that banks will lend to people with substantial BNPL debts, not realizing they are riskier than they appear. Some providers say they do not trust credit bureaus — agencies that collect, organize, and provide information about individuals’ credit histories — to understand this new form of finance; others may see the secrecy it offers as an advantage, because it attracts borrowers who wish to keep their debts hidden. Despite such concerns, providers should be required to report their data, as Affirm, one of America’s largest BNPL lenders, has recently begun to do. Many providers wish to reach further into mainstream finance, and to achieve those dreams, they must open up. 43. What is “the reproachful frowns” in paragraph 2 closest in meaning to? A. New forms of credit. B. Disapproving reactions. C. Signs of moral decline. D. Surprised expressions. 44. Why does the author mention Bank of America’s credit-card business (paragraph 3)? A. To show what makes a new financial product eventually become a success. B. To argue that BNPL will finally take the place of current credit card business. C. To prove that fraud remains something that is unavoidable in the field of finance. D. To suggest that financial innovations are often doubted before gaining acceptance. 45. According to the passage, what is a key concern about BNPL firms? A. They share personal data with credit bureaus. B. They burden borrowers with high interest rates. C. They overlook borrowers’ repayment ability. D. They make credit risk harder to monitor. 46. What is the author’s attitude towards BNPL? A. It may harm the young, so regulators should ban it. B. It is growing, and it is making online shopping easier. C. It may be useful, but providers need to fully report data. D. It is unfair, as it excludes less credit-worthy borrowers. 【答案】43. B 44. D 45. D 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了新信贷形式常遭质疑，“先买后付”虽有问题但可能有用（需规范）。 【43题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“New forms of credit are often met with doubts. A century ago, furniture and car sellers realized they could reach more customers if they accepted payments in instalments (分期付款). To critics this was a sign of moral decline. When in 1958 Bank of America started posting credit cards to customers, it did not take long for opponents to worry about the consequences.(新型信贷模式往往总会遭遇质疑。一个世纪前，家具与汽车经销商发现，如果支持分期付款，就能吸引更多顾客。在批评者眼中，这是道德滑坡的表现。1958年，美国银行开始向客户邮寄信用卡，没过多久，反对者便开始担忧其带来的种种隐患。)”和第二段中“Today the reproachful frowns are aimed at “buy now, pay later” (BNPL).(如今，（人们）the reproachful frowns投向了“先买后付”（BNPL）这种模式。)”可知，第一段中人们曾反对分期付款、抵触信用卡的内容，如今，这种指责与不满全都对准了“先买后付”模式。the reproachful frowns指的是“不赞成的反应”。故选B。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“New financial products often cause worry because they draw in customers with little experience of credit, but reaching new customers is generally a good thing.(新的金融产品常常会引起担忧，因为它们吸引了缺乏信贷经验的客户，但吸引新客户通常是一件好事。)”以及“After an initial wave of fraud (欺诈), Bank of America’s credit-card business eventually revolutionized the way people pay.(在经历了最初的欺诈浪潮后，美国银行的信用卡业务最终彻底改变了人们的支付方式。)”可知，作者提到美国银行的信用卡业务是为了说明金融创新在获得认可之前常常受到质疑。故选D。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Many critics worry that the industry takes advantage of the young, while analysts worry that the hidden debt makes it hard to monitor credit risks.(许多批评者担心该行业利用年轻人，而分析人士则担心隐藏的债务使得难以监控信用风险。)”可知，关于BNPL公司的一个关键担忧是它们使信用风险更难监控。故选D。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Despite such concerns, providers should be required to report their data, as Affirm, one of America’s largest BNPL lenders, has recently begun to do.(尽管存在这些担忧，但应该要求供应商报告他们的数据，就像美国最大的BNPL贷款机构之一Affirm最近开始做的那样。)”可知，作者认为BNPL可能有用，但供应商需要全面报告数据。故选C。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Will We Lose Our Ability to Think? For most of my career, I taught writing, literature, and language, primarily to university students. But I quit last fall, in large part, because of large language models (LLMs). Virtually all experienced scholars know that writing, as historian Lynn Hunt argued, is “not the transcription of thoughts already consciously present in mind.” ____47____ Writing is hard work. It is sometimes frightening. With the easy temptation of AI, many — possibly most — of my students were no longer willing to push through discomfort. In my most recent job, I taught academic writing at a technical college. My graduate students, many of whom were computer scientists, understood the mechanisms of generative AI better than I do. They recognized LLMs as unreliable research tools that invent things. They knew that models are trained on existing data and therefore cannot produce novel research. ____48____ Several students admitted to drafting their research in note form and asking AI to write their articles. Students who outsource their writing to AI lose an opportunity to think more deeply about their research. In a recent article on art and generative AI, author Ted Chiang put it this way: “Using AI to complete assignments is like bringing a forklift into the weight room; you will never improve this way.” Chiang also notes that the hundreds of small choices we make as writers are just as important as the initial conception. ____49____ Still, I found myself spending more time giving feedback to AI than to my students. So I quit. The best educators will adapt to AI. In some ways, the changes will be positive. Teachers must move away from mechanical activities or assigning simple summaries. ____50____ However, with few exceptions, my students were not willing to enter those uncomfortable spaces or remain there long enough to discover the power of writing. A. Decisions regarding vocabulary and other elements of style contribute nearly as much to a text’s meaning as the underlying research. B. However, that knowledge did not stop my students from relying heavily on generative AI. C. However, the technology often changes vocabulary and alters meaning even when the only task is “fix the grammar.” D. Rather, writing is a process closely tied to thinking. E. The problem was not recognizing AI-generated or AI-revised text. F. They will find ways to encourage students to think and learn that writing is a way of generating ideas. 【答案】47. D 48. B 49. A 50. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了大型语言模型（LLMs）对学生写作能力及思考能力的影响，并表达了作者对此的担忧。 【47题详解】 由上文“Virtually all experienced scholars know that writing, as historian Lynn Hunt argued, is “not the transcription of thoughts already consciously present in mind.”(几乎所有有经验的学者都知道，正如历史学家林恩·亨特所说，写作“并不是将脑海中已经存在的意识思想转录下来”)”可知，上文说明了写作不是将脑海中已经存在的意识思想转录下来，本空应说明写作应是什么。D选项“Rather, writing is a process closely tied to thinking.(相反，写作是一个与思考紧密相连的过程)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选D。 【48题详解】 由上文“They recognized LLMs as unreliable research tools that invent things. They knew that models are trained on existing data and therefore cannot produce novel research.(他们认识到大型语言模型是不可靠的研究工具，会编造东西。他们知道模型是基于现有数据进行训练的，因此无法产生新颖的研究)”及下文“Several students admitted to drafting their research in note form and asking AI to write their articles.(几名学生承认，他们以笔记形式起草研究报告，并让人工智能撰写文章)”可知，上文说明了学生知道大型语言模型的不可靠性，下文引出学生仍然依赖人工智能的行为，本空应说明这种矛盾行为。B选项“However, that knowledge did not stop my students from relying heavily on generative AI.(然而，这些知识并没有阻止我的学生严重依赖生成式人工智能)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选B。 【49题详解】 由上文“Chiang also notes that the hundreds of small choices we make as writers are just as important as the initial conception.(Chiang还指出，作为作家，我们做出的数百个小选择与最初的构思同样重要)”可知，上文说明了写作中做出的数百个小选择的重要性，本空应进一步说明这些小选择的具体内容。A选项“Decisions regarding vocabulary and other elements of style contribute nearly as much to a text’s meaning as the underlying research.(关于词汇和其他风格元素的决定对文本意义的贡献几乎与基础研究一样多)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选A。 【50题详解】 由上文“The best educators will adapt to AI. In some ways, the changes will be positive. Teachers must move away from mechanical activities or assigning simple summaries.(最好的教育者会适应人工智能。在某些方面，这些变化将是积极的。教师必须远离机械活动或布置简单的总结)”可知，上文说明了最好的教育者会适应人工智能，并指出教师应远离机械活动，本空应说明教师应采取的积极措施。F选项“They will find ways to encourage students to think and learn that writing is a way of generating ideas.(他们会找到方法鼓励学生思考和学习，让他们知道写作是一种产生想法的方式)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选F。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How We Think About Sleep We live in a world concerned about how much sleep we get. Many of us chase solutions in the pursuit of that golden 8 hours of sleep. But what if the secret to feeling restored has little to do with how much we actually slept? A wave of new research suggests that the way we think about sleep matters more than the hours we get. Last year, a UCLA study tracked 249 people, noting both their actual sleep time and their self-reported sleep behaviour. The mismatch between the two sets of data was striking: many people claimed they had slept terribly, but the objective data showed a different case. When participants performed cognitive (认知的) tests, it was the self-reported sleep quality that predicted how well they did, rather than the objective data. This suggests that changing how we think about our sleep might help us respond better to a lack of sleep. But to make full use of this power, we also need to consider how people judge their sleep quality. In the follow-up study, participants rated their previous night’s sleep every two hours while reporting their mood, physical activity and social activities. More than 90 per cent of the participants changed their sleep quality ratings during the day. Among all the factors, physical activity most improved their sleep views. Dragging yourself to the gym, despite little sleep, isn’t such a bad idea — it might positively reshape your memory of sleep, leading to beneficial knock-on effects. For people with long-term sleep struggles, a positive mindset sometimes means all. Actively reshaping your perception of last night’s sleep the next day could help to achieve this. Another way is to simply re-examine how many hours you think you need — eight hours is not a universal rule. Helping people reset expectations can reduce worry and improve sleep satisfaction, even without increasing total sleep time. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 New research indicates people’s perception of sleep matters more than actual sleep duration. A UCLA study found self-reported sleep quality, not objective data, predicted cognitive test performance. Follow-up studies show that physical activity can improve sleep quality, and that adjusting sleep expectations or mindset boosts sleep satisfaction without the need for extra sleep. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新研究表明人们对睡眠的认知比实际时长更重要，还说明了改善睡眠认知的方法，帮助有睡眠困扰的人提升睡眠满意度。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①A wave of new research suggests that the way we think about sleep matters more than the hours we get. ②When participants performed cognitive (认知的) tests, it was the self-reported sleep quality that predicted how well they did, rather than the objective data. ③Among all the factors, physical activity most improved their sleep views. ④For people with long-term sleep struggles, a positive mindset sometimes means all. ⑤Another way is to simply re-examine how many hours you think you need — eight hours is not a universal rule. Helping people reset expectations can reduce worry and improve sleep satisfaction, even without increasing total sleep time. 2. 缜密构思 将要点①作为核心观点引出；要点②作为研究证据支撑核心观点；要点③、④、⑤整合为改善睡眠认知的具体方法。 3. 遣词造句 New research indicates people’s perception of sleep matters more than actual sleep duration. A UCLA study found self-reported sleep quality, not objective data, predicted cognitive test performance. Follow-up studies show that physical activity can improve sleep quality, and that adjusting sleep expectations or mindset boosts sleep satisfaction without the need for extra sleep. 【点睛】[高分句型1] New research indicates people’s perception of sleep matters more than actual sleep duration. (运用了省略连词that的宾语从句) [高分句型2] Follow-up studies show that physical activity can improve sleep quality, and that adjusting sleep expectations or mindset boosts sleep satisfaction without the need for extra sleep. (运用了连词that的宾语从句和动名词短语作主语) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 农贸市场里，色泽鲜亮、汁水充足的西红柿随处可见。（display）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In the farmers’ market, tomatoes with bright colors and abundant juice are on display everywhere. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、非谓语。表示“农贸市场里”用In the farmers’ market，作地点状语，句首单词首字母大写；表示“色泽鲜亮、汁水充足的西红柿”用tomatoes with bright colors and abundant juice，作主语；表示“随处可见”用be on display everywhere，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语tomatoes为复数，be动词用are，on display表示“展出，陈列”为固定短语。故翻译为In the farmers’ market, tomatoes with bright colors and abundant juice are on display everywhere. 53. 该品牌从传统编织工艺中汲取灵感，推出了马年新春系列。（collection）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The brand drew inspiration from traditional weaving techniques and launched the Horse Year New Spring collection. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、名词。表示“该品牌”用The brand，作句子主语，句首单词首字母大写；表示“从……中汲取灵感”用draw inspiration from，描述过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用drew；表示“传统编织工艺”用traditional weaving techniques，作from的宾语；表示“推出了”用launch，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用launched；表示“马年新春系列”用the Horse Year New Spring collection，作launched的宾语。故翻译为The brand drew inspiration from traditional weaving techniques and launched the Horse Year New Spring collection. 54. 越来越多咖啡店推出自带杯优惠，咖啡爱好者每月都能省下一笔不小的开销。（discount）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】More and more coffee shops are offering discounts for bringing their own cups, so coffee lovers can save a significant amount of money each month. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语、时态。表示“越来越多咖啡店”用More and more coffee shops，作句子主语，句首单词首字母大写；表示“推出”用offer，时态用现在进行时，表示现阶段正在发生的动作，主语是复数，谓语用are offering；表示“自带杯优惠”用discounts for bringing their own cups，其中for bringing their own cups是介词短语作后置定语修饰discounts；表示“咖啡爱好者”用coffee lovers；表示“每月都能省下一笔不小的开销”用can save a significant amount of money each month。故翻译为More and more coffee shops are offering discounts for bringing their own cups, so coffee lovers can save a significant amount of money each month. 55. 为推动教育改革，李教授创立了自动化技术研究中心，开设机器人课程，以便学生在做中学、在探索中创新。（so that）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】To promote educational reform, Professor Li founded the Automation Technology Research Center and offered robotics courses so that students could learn by doing and innovate through exploration. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词、目的状语从句。表示“推动教育改革”用promote educational reform，作目的状语，用不定式短语，句首单词首字母大写；表示“李教授”用Professor Li作主语，表示“创立”用found，时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式；表示“自动化技术研究中心”用the Automation Technology Research Center，表示“开设机器人课程”用offer robotics courses，用and连接两个并列的动作，and后用过去式offered；表示“以便”用so that引导目的状语从句，表示“学生”用students，表示“在做中学”用could learn by doing，表示“在探索中创新”用innovate through exploration。故翻译为To promote educational reform, Professor Li founded the Automation Technology Research Center and offered robotics courses so that students could learn by doing and innovate through exploration. V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。你最近收听一档英语播客（podcast），主持人在节目中谈到：“面对重要选择，与其一味求稳，不如选择具有挑战性但更符合自己兴趣的道路。”对此，你产生了思考，并决定给该播客主持人写一封邮件，表达你的看法。邮件内容须包括： （1）你是否赞成主持人的观点； （2）用一个具体事例来说明你的理由。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Host, I’m Li Hua, a senior three student from Mingqi Middle School. I recently listened to your podcast and I totally agree with your opinion that we should choose a challenging but interesting path instead of just seeking stability when facing important choices. Your words made me think a lot. My deskmate, Wang Hong, is a good example that can prove your view. She loved painting since she was a child, but her parents asked her to choose science because they thought it would give her a stable job. However, she followed her heart and chose art, which was more challenging for her. Now she is getting better and better at painting and feels very happy. I think what you said is very meaningful to us teenagers. Thank you for your advice. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生根据播客内容“面对重要选择，与其一味求稳，不如选择具有挑战性但更符合自己兴趣的道路。”表达个人观点，并通过具体事例进行论证。 【详解】1.词汇积累 完全：totally → completely 观点：opinion → viewpoint 稳定：stability → steadiness 证明：prove → demonstrate 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：She loved painting since she was a child, but her parents asked her to choose science because they thought it would give her a stable job. 拓展句：Although she had loved painting ever since she was a child, her parents requested that she choose science, believing that it would lead to a stable job for her. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I recently listened to your podcast and I totally agree with your opinion that we should choose a challenging but interesting path instead of just seeking stability when facing important choices. (运用了that引导的同位语从句、when引导的时间状语从句的省略) 【高分句型2】However, she followed her heart and chose art, which was more challenging for her. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $