精品解析：2025届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试卷

2025年上海市虹口英语二模试卷 考生注意： 1. 考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Reverse Culture Shock Is Real Returning from studying abroad was like being hit by a wave of reality. The initial shock wasn’t in the customs or language differences I ___1___ (expect) abroad—it came when I stepped back into daily life in the U.S. In Denmark and the other countries I visited, ___2___ (not understand) every word around me became strangely comforting. There was a quiet peace in not having to process every conversation, not being subjected to endless chatter. What struck me deeply was ___3___English surrounded me once more, a persistent reflection of the familiarity I didn’t realize I’d grown tired of. Then came the noise. ___4___I had gotten used to the peacefulness, New York felt like a mixture of loud unpleasant sounds. Shouting is literally everywhere—it felt like everyone was always ___5___a rush to fill the air with sound. It felt disturbing, especially when I ___6___ (throw) into chaos after months of peace. The hardest part wasn’t just adjusting to the noise, but the lack of agreement between my excitement to talk about my experiences and the blank stares I received in return. I longed ___7___ (share), but it felt like no one really understood. Only my fellow study-abroad friends could relate, and their sympathy was a comfort. The biggest change though, was internal. I had once been set on a future in cardiothoracic surgery (心胸外科手术), ___8___ (convince) that medical school was my calling. Yet, living in Scandinavia shifted my perspective. Now, I’m researching global health. Life, ___9___ it happens, has a way of changing direction when you least expect it. Sometimes, the best opportunities come from saying yes to ____10____unexpected, from stepping outside your comfort zone—and the people and experiences you meet along the way make it all worth it. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. customarily B. thoughtfully C. encoded D. exhibits E. folding F. initiated G. proceeding H. reservations I. routing J. tailored K. turning Ancient Books Hold Many Clues At the National Museum of Classic Books in Beijing, players participate in an immersive (沉浸式的) puzzle-solving game as part of the exhibition. This game, Ancient Book Restorer — Hundred Cities Book, allows players to employ guidebooks to investigate ancient texts and search for hidden clues. The game begins by scanning a QR code (二维码) found on the guidebook, ___11___ players to the game’s WeChat mini-program, where they are given the mission to uncover hidden truths within displayed items. Players complete puzzles using clues ___12___ in ancient objects and rare books. One of the first puzzles involves a version of Shan Hai Jing (Classic of Mountains and Seas), the earliest known edition from 1180 during the Song Dynasty. Players must understand the geographic distances between mountains in the text and use a specifically ___13___ paper ruler with relevant information printed on it to find the answer. Feng Wanwen, a player, enjoyed using the ruler to find the clues. She emphasized the importance of understanding the text and correctly ___14___ the ruler to solve the puzzle. With 83 ___15___ in total, more than 20 provide clues to the game. By reading, analyzing, and using ancient texts and maps, players are ___16___ through the game. The game encourages players to engage with the displays and ___17___ examine their educational content. Puzzle enthusiasts can reserve their spot on the museum’s WeChat account. The game offers two versions: a single-player, where players explore the mysterious ___18___ of Shan Hai Jing’s pages at midnight, and a three-player version, which involves elements of competition and cooperation. Since its launch, the game has become popular among puzzle enthusiasts and traditional culture fans, with ___19___ often sold out within minutes. The game is part of the “Shanhaishe” IP, a virtual community for ancient book protection ___20___ by the museum, aiming to connect players with cultural heritage (遗产) and inspire them to protect ancient knowledge. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Superhuman artificial intelligence is already among us, well, sort of. When it comes to playing games like chess or solving difficult scientific challenges, computers are well ahead of us. But we have one superpower they aren’t even close to ___21___: mind reading. Humans have an ability to work out the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can ___22___ other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. Reading minds comes so ___23___ to us, though, that we often don’t think to spell out what we want. If AIs are to become truly ___24___ in everyday life — in the case of self-driving cars, to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball—they need to establish similar abilities. The trouble is that doing so is far harder than training a chess grandmaster, for it involves dealing with the uncertainties of human behaviour and requires flexible thinking, which AIs have typically ___25___. But recent developments, including a game-playing AI that learned to cooperate with humans and AIs that can succeed at hide-and-seek, show that ___26___ smart machines aren’t a pipe dream. ___27___, thinking about others could be a step towards a grander goal — AI with self-awareness. “If we want robots, or AI in general, to truly ___28___ into our lives, then we have to figure this out,” says Hod Lipson at Columbia University, New York. Psychologists refer to the ability to ___29___ another’s mental state as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity starts to develop at a very ___30___ age: by 9 months, babies understand that people’s actions are linked to their goals; between 18 months and 2 years, they start to ___31___ that each person’s goals can be different because we have unique desires. ___32___, by the age of about 5, humans have a fairly advanced ability to guess what others are thinking. How to ___33___ these capabilities in machines is far from clear, though. Part of the problem is that what we describe as theory of mind is, in fact, not just one thing, but a large collection of abilities. At the simpler end of it is the capacity to understand the ___34___ behind actions, while at the other extreme is the kind of complicated social skills you get in a Jane Austen novel. It is important to remember, though, that the effort to teach machines theory of mind is a ___35___ on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building machines that can truly experience feelings. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But perhaps, along the way, we will learn something about ourselves too. 21. A. abusing B. enhancing C. mastering D. transforming 22. A. anticipate B. control C. defend D. support 23. A. lively B. rarely C. naturally D. unexpectedly 24. A. useful B. modern C. delicate D. real 25. A. contested with B. struggled with C. engaged with D. disagreed with 26. A. financially B. socially C. physically D. culturally 27. A. For example B. On the contrary C. In summary D. What’s more 28. A. bump B. inquire C. translate D. integrate 29. A. infer B. alter C. interrupt D. document 30. A. different B. present C. young D. average 31. A. deny B. forget C. grasp D. ignore 32. A. Regrettably B. Distressingly C. Hopefully D. Remarkably 33. A. examine B. reproduce C. expand D. restore 34. A. motivations B. consequences C. problems D. conflicts 35. A. stepping stone B. turning point C. road block D. dead end Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) It’s eight o’clock on Christmas morning, and dad says he wants to listen to the news. My 11-year-old self is wondering why on Earth grown-ups would be interested in the news when there are important things to be done, such as handing out presents. And then, while I am only half-listening to the radio broadcast, something unusual happens: the boring newsreader begins talking about a Christmas message. Hadn’t we heard that report earlier? My older brother, Colin, figures out what’s happening. “Pete, Pete, it’s a tape recorder! We’ve got our tape recorder!” It finally dawns on me: my dad recorded the news and is playing it back now. I think it’s quite rare to experience real excitement over a present, but for me this was one of those rare moments. Colin and I had both been blind from birth. Now, in the late 1950s, exciting consumer goods were coming within reach of the not-so rich. At the special boarding school that Colin and I attended, a recorder of your own was the height of joy. However, Colin—better informed and more realistic about family finances than I was—had no real expectations of getting one. I realised, much later, that a tape recorder would have cost more than four times dad’s weekly wage. The new toy, the size of a small suitcase, dominated the rest of the Christmas holidays. Once we had mastered the controls, we recorded anything and everything: each other, our parents, the milkman, the dog... and we very quickly learned how much fun we could have with it. For the first time, in the same way that a sighted child might react to seeing themselves in a mirror or a photograph, I got the sense of myself as a separate person who existed outside my head and was experienced by other people. It was both exciting and embarrassing. I took my first steps down the path to my career as a broadcaster when I returned to school after the holidays. I was lucky to be in a class of imaginative and creative boys crazy for recorders and it wasn’t long before we started to make our own radio programmes. I would wander round the school with my microphone, recording my thoughts in the style of the voices I heard on the radio. Ten years later, I drew on the confidence gained from those early involvement in sound and walked into a radio station, in the hopes of selling myself as a broadcast journalist. Twenty-five years later, I presented my first report for BBC TV’s Six O’Clock News, a programme my dad had never missed. Although by then he’d been dead for more than a decade, I like to think he’d have realised that his inspiring Christmas present had changed my life. 36. Why did dad want to listen to the news on Christmas morning? A. He expected to give the boys a surprise. B. He was postponing handing out his presents. C. He had always enjoyed listening to the news. D. He missed the Christmas news the day before. 37. By the first sentence of paragraph 4, the “experience real excitement over a present” means that _____. A. he didn’t know before what a recorder was B. he got the tape recorder he had been dying for C the recorder was the first present he got from dad D. the recorder was an exceptionally meaningful gift 38. What did the recorder enable the boys to do when they started to use it? A. Make their own radio programmes. B. Discover more about themselves. C. Pursue a career in broadcasting. D. Hear each other more clearly. 39. According to the passage, how did the tape recorder change the author’s life? A. It boosted the author’s confidence in communicating with people. B. It helped the author develop a closer relationship with his family. C. It made the author more interested in listening to news reports. D. It sparked the author’s passion for sound and broadcasting. (B) Shipping containers, currently experiencing a major shortage, have a life of 10 to 15 years when used to transport goods across oceans. So what happens to these massive and durable structures after that? Often they’re recycled into low-cost storage—other times they simply sit in ports around the world. Now, architects are finding new and improved ways to unlock their low-cost and sustainable development potential. Sustainable Support System On land that was meant to become a jail, instead stands a 60,500 square-foot housing facility supporting unhoused people. The Care First Village holds 232 units, as well as a common building with laundry facilities, dining areas and a dog park. Performing Art Cart The concept of the microtheater first began in Madrid, where audiences gathered to watch short performances in different rooms of an old hotel. In 2021, Microtheater first appeared, hosting short plays in shipping containers. Step inside and watch one or all of the original 15-minute shows. Eco-Friendly Attraction This is not your typical café. Its design, inspired by coffee trees, features 29 shipping containers piled in a manner to look like branches. While a shipping container doesn’t typically scream “natural light,” skylight windows are strategically placed throughout the structure. Green Arena (竞技场) Located on the Gulf shoreline, Stadium 974 is a 40,000-capacity arena created from 974 shipping containers. The first temporary stadium in World Cup history, it will host FIFA World Cup matches this year—and then its components will be shipped to countries in need around the world for repurposing. Mach 1 “Every single thing you buy in the world has been transported in these things,” artist David Mach says of his fascination with shipping containers. While still in the design stages, his sculpture will soon have a home in Edinburgh Park, with a coffee bar and exhibition space available to visitors inside. 40. Why might architects be interested in using shipping containers for construction? A. They are not expensive but long-lasting. B They are perfectly fit for temporary structures. C. They offer a creative and cost-effective building material. D. They are more durable than traditional concrete buildings. 41. How does the concept of Stadium 974 differ from other projects mentioned in the passage? A. It is designed as an artistic landmark in a public space. B. It is the only project designed to be temporary and relocated. C. It is a creative approach to providing short-term living spaces. D. It serves as a multifunctional place for performances. 42. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. How to deal with a global container shortage B. How to plan a sustainable life in containers C. How to build creative container homes D. How to give containers a second life (C) Less is More is a book with an ambitious subtitle: How Degrowth Will Save the World. That’s a big claim, but this is by Jason Hickel, one of the leading advocates of postgrowth thinking. He has a better chance than most at backing that up. Degrowth is often used as a controversial word but here it is used in a more encouraging way. Hickel looks back to trace the origins of ‘growthism’, digging back through climate change to fossil fuels (化石燃料), to economic growth and to capitalism. Capitalism “has a kind of totalitarian logic to it: every industry, every national economy must grow, all the time, with no identifiable end-point.” A central principle of capitalism is to take more than you give. Historically, that process has driven kingdoms and colonialism (殖民主义), and today it drives climate change and ecological breakdown. Wealthier countries take from the global atmosphere in yet another form of colonialism. One of the most damaging things about capitalism is that it is “fundamentally ill from any concept of human need.” It piles its rewards onto the wealthiest first. The more severe the poverty, the more invisible it is to capital, and it takes no account of what it destroys in the process of turning things into money. Instead, we should find ways to prioritise what matters most. More, in already wealthy countries, is not something that matters. Hickel calculates that with better distribution and investment in public goods, the US economy could be 65% smaller with no loss in wellbeing. Good lives are grounded in community, meaningful work, in societies that cooperate rather than compete. People and planet are being pushed to breaking point to no good end, says Hickel. As the book moves into its solutions, a series of antidotes (解药) to growth are revealed. Justice is one of them. Abundance (富足) is another—growth actually relies on people being unsatisfied. These sorts of ideas hint at much more interesting possibilities for a post-capitalist future. “For 500 years,” Hickel writes, “capitalist growth has been a process of enclosure and dispossession. Degrowth represents a reversal of this process. It represents release. It represents an opportunity for recovery and repair.” This is an elegant evolution of degrowth ideas, expanding what the term can mean. Degrowth begins as a process of taking less. But in the end it opens up a whole landscape of possibility, moving us from poverty to abundance, from dominance to reciprocity, and from loneliness and separation to connection with a world that’s full of life. Hard to argue with that. Perhaps degrowth will save the world. 43. According to Hickel, it is _____ that causes ecological breakdown. A. capitalism’s unceasing drive for growth B. a lack of technological advancement C. insufficient governmental regulation D. overinvestment in public goods 44. It can be inferred from the passage that Hickel holds that _____. A. capitalism to some extent meets the human need B. colonialism is hard to avoid even in modern times C. capitalist growth has increasingly prioritised recovery and repair D. less wealthy countries need better distribution than wealthy ones 45. What does the word “reciprocity” (paragraph 7) most probably mean? A. An unequal sharing of various resources. B. A relationship based on continuous giving. C. The possibility to compete fairly and freely. D. The exchange of rights and mutual support. 46. According to the passage, what does “degrowth” refer to? A. Intensifying capitalist growth in an eco-friendly way. B. The prioritising of individual growth over community welfare. C. Boosting economic development in order to reach a state of abundance. D. The reduction of economic growth to focus on sustainability and well-being. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How Genes Affect Education It has long been debated whether various aspects of our personalities and abilities are influenced more by our genes or our early environment. _____47_____ The extent to which identical twins are more similar in any particular character than non-identical twins reveals how much variation in that character is down to genetics. The rest is usually assumed to be due to the environment. Studies show that many traits are not influenced much by the environment. However, educational attainment—how many years someone spends in school—is often found to be about 35% influenced by the environment. _____48_____ Damien Morris at King’s College London believes the biggest overlooked factor is that people tend to have children with someone with a similar level of education as themselves, an idea known as assortative mating. Morris studied whether people with similar education levels tend to marry by using a recent German twin study. This study collected data not only on the twins but also on their parents and siblings (兄弟姐妹) from nearly 1,000 families. After analyzing this data using the traditional twin study design, environmental differences between families were estimated to account for 43 per cent of the variation in years of schooling. _____49_____ Sure enough, there was more similarity between the educational years of each parental pair than would be expected by chance. Taking this into account, the environmental contribution was estimated to be just 26 per cent. Morris also analyzed the impact of a second factor usually overlooked in twin studies. This is the fact that the early environments of twins are more similar than those of non-twin siblings. _____50_____ When this was taken into account as well, the estimated environmental influence fell to 10 per cent. “This is a very interesting finding,” says Jeremy Freese at Stanford University. “It is unimaginable to me to think that everything that goes on with parents is only a bit player in the story.” A. Other kinds of studies have given higher estimates for the environmental contribution to years of schooling. B. Scientists sometimes investigate the question by comparing different kinds of twins. C. Then, Morris analyzed the same data using a method that also included the parents’ years of education. D. These studies usually overlook two factors, however, leading to falsely high estimates of environmental effects. E. This is the conclusion of a study on twins, which suggests that most previous such research has overestimated the effects of upbringing F. Twins are more likely to have grown up in the same financial circumstances, gone to the same school and so on. III．Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Trouble of Over-pathologizing to Schools In the past, young people didn’t discuss their mental health. But nowadays, it feels like there is a mental health awareness campaign almost every week. However, this societal push to talk about mental health might not be helping everyone. In fact, it could be making things worse. These campaigns encourage people to interpret essentially all negative thoughts and feelings as symptoms of a disorder or a problem, consequently making them feel unnecessarily weak and leading them to view themselves as having a disorder when they don’t. This kind of over-pathologizing may lead to further problems in schools. An increasing number of young people are saying that they don’t want to do something by labeling themselves as having anxiety. Sometimes, the most appropriate response is to make adjustments for that person. For example, they shouldn’t be asked questions in class, or they shouldn’t have to sit exams in a big hall. But this genuine, useful principle has been blown out of proportion. In some cases, students in schools are automatically being given excessive freedom or privileges with no intention to ever review them. The trouble is that the worst thing you can do in terms of managing anxiety in the long run is to allow people to avoid the things that scare them. Actually, the most useful therapeutic approach is to support them, step by step, in facing their fears. If, with support, they gradually do the things that make them anxious, they learn two things: first, that it isn’t as bad as they thought it would be, and second, that even if it is bad, they can cope. So there needs to be a better understanding of who really needs one-to-one support and who can be supported simply by teachers being helpful, rather than applying a one-size-fits-all approach to adjustments. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 请问地球绕太阳公转如何影响昼夜长短的变化？(orbit) （汉译英） _________________________________________________ 53. 民俗庆典呈现出传统习俗与新技术交相辉映的发展趋势。(tendency) （汉译英） _________________________________________________ 54. 值得一提的是，职业咨询区人流如织，已成为本次活动最热火朝天的区域之一。(It) （汉译英） _________________________________________________ 55. 上海是一座依水而兴的城市，江河湖海相伴相依，并提供众多与城市地标相关的特色娱乐体验。(surround) （汉译英） _________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。为接待来自英国伙伴校的交流生，校学生会正招募寄宿家庭。你非常希望加入，但发现招募海报提供的信息比较有限。因此，你决定致信校学生会，内容包括： 1. 说明希望成为寄宿家庭的原因； 2. 提出想要进一步了解的信息，并表达对该活动的期待。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年上海市虹口英语二模试卷 考生注意： 1. 考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Reverse Culture Shock Is Real Returning from studying abroad was like being hit by a wave of reality. The initial shock wasn’t in the customs or language differences I ___1___ (expect) abroad—it came when I stepped back into daily life in the U.S. In Denmark and the other countries I visited, ___2___ (not understand) every word around me became strangely comforting. There was a quiet peace in not having to process every conversation, not being subjected to endless chatter. What struck me deeply was ___3___English surrounded me once more, a persistent reflection of the familiarity I didn’t realize I’d grown tired of. Then came the noise. ___4___I had gotten used to the peacefulness, New York felt like a mixture of loud unpleasant sounds. Shouting is literally everywhere—it felt like everyone was always ___5___a rush to fill the air with sound. It felt disturbing, especially when I ___6___ (throw) into chaos after months of peace. The hardest part wasn’t just adjusting to the noise, but the lack of agreement between my excitement to talk about my experiences and the blank stares I received in return. I longed ___7___ (share), but it felt like no one really understood. Only my fellow study-abroad friends could relate, and their sympathy was a comfort. The biggest change, though, was internal. I had once been set on a future in cardiothoracic surgery (心胸外科手术), ___8___ (convince) that medical school was my calling. Yet, living in Scandinavia shifted my perspective. Now, I’m researching global health. Life, ___9___ it happens, has a way of changing direction when you least expect it. Sometimes, the best opportunities come from saying yes to ____10____unexpected, from stepping outside your comfort zone—and the people and experiences you meet along the way make it all worth it. 【答案】1. had expected 2. not understanding 3. that 4. After 5. in 6. was thrown 7. to share 8. convinced 9. as 10. the 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者从国外留学归来后经历的文化冲击，包括对噪音的不适应、与他人交流经历时的落差以及自身内心的变化等。 【1题详解】 考查时态。句意：最初的冲击并非来自于我在国外所预期的风俗或语言差异——当我回到美国的日常生活时，它就出现了。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，expect这个动作发生在 “was” 之前，即过去的过去，所以要用过去完成时。故填had expected。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在丹麦和我去过的其他国家，听不懂周围的每一个字却奇怪地让人感到安慰。not understanding every word around me是动名词短语作主语，表示一种行为或状态。故填not understanding。 【3题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：让我深感震惊的是，当英语再次围绕着我时，那种熟悉感是一种持续的反映，而我却没有意识到自己已经对这种熟悉感到厌倦了。空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，所以用 that 引导。故填that。 【4题详解】 考查连词。句意：在我习惯了宁静之后，纽约感觉就像各种嘈杂刺耳声音的混合体。这里表示在作者习惯了宁静之后才感觉到纽约的嘈杂，所以用 after 引导时间状语从句。首字母大写。故填After。 【5题详解】 考查介词。句意：到处都有人在喊叫 —— 感觉好像每个人总是匆匆忙忙地让空气中充满声音。“in a rush” 是固定短语，意为 “匆匆忙忙”。故填in。 【6题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：尤其是在经历了几个月的平静之后，我被抛入混乱之中，这让我感到不安。空处为从句的谓语动词，“I”和 “throw”之间是被动关系，且这里描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was thrown。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我渴望分享，但感觉好像没有人真正理解。“long to do sth.” 是固定搭配，意为 “渴望做某事”。故填to share。 【8题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我曾经一心想在心胸外科领域发展，深信医学院是我的使命所在。“be convinced that...”为固定用法，本句为形容词作状语。故填convinced。 【9题详解】 考查连词。句意：正如所发生的那样，生活在你最意想不到的时候会改变方向。“as it happens” 是固定用法，意为 “正如所发生的那样”，as引导方式状语从句。故填as。 【10题详解】 考查冠词。句意：有时候，最好的机会来自于对意外之事说 “是”，来自于走出你的舒适区。“the + 形容词” 表示一类事物，这里 “the unexpected” 表示 “意外的事情”。故填the。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. customarily B. thoughtfully C. encoded D. exhibits E. folding F. initiated G. proceeding H. reservations I. routing J. tailored K. turning Ancient Books Hold Many Clues At the National Museum of Classic Books in Beijing, players participate in an immersive (沉浸式的) puzzle-solving game as part of the exhibition. This game, Ancient Book Restorer — Hundred Cities Book, allows players to employ guidebooks to investigate ancient texts and search for hidden clues. The game begins by scanning a QR code (二维码) found on the guidebook, ___11___ players to the game’s WeChat mini-program, where they are given the mission to uncover hidden truths within displayed items. Players complete puzzles using clues ___12___ in ancient objects and rare books. One of the first puzzles involves a version of Shan Hai Jing (Classic of Mountains and Seas), the earliest known edition from 1180 during the Song Dynasty. Players must understand the geographic distances between mountains in the text and use a specifically ___13___ paper ruler with relevant information printed on it to find the answer. Feng Wanwen, a player, enjoyed using the ruler to find the clues. She emphasized the importance of understanding the text and correctly ___14___ the ruler to solve the puzzle. With 83 ___15___ in total, more than 20 provide clues to the game. By reading, analyzing, and using ancient texts and maps, players are ___16___ through the game. The game encourages players to engage with the displays and ___17___ examine their educational content. Puzzle enthusiasts can reserve their spot on the museum’s WeChat account. The game offers two versions: a single-player, where players explore the mysterious ___18___ of Shan Hai Jing’s pages at midnight, and a three-player version, which involves elements of competition and cooperation. Since its launch, the game has become popular among puzzle enthusiasts and traditional culture fans, with ___19___ often sold out within minutes. The game is part of the “Shanhaishe” IP, a virtual community for ancient book protection ___20___ by the museum, aiming to connect players with cultural heritage (遗产) and inspire them to protect ancient knowledge. 【答案】11. I 12. C 13. J 14. E 15. D 16. G 17. B 18. K 19. H 20. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款通过阅读古籍玩游戏的沉浸式的解谜游戏。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：游戏开始时，玩家会扫描指南上的二维码，然后进入游戏的微信小程序，在那里他们的任务是揭开显示物品中隐藏的真相。根据“players to the game’s WeChat mini-program”以及句意“进入”可知应用现在分词routing，作状语。故选I。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：玩家使用古代物品和稀有书籍中的编译的线索来完成谜题。根据“Players complete puzzles using clues”以及句意“编译”可知应用过去分词encoded，修饰名词clues。故选C。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：玩家必须了解文本中山脉之间的地理距离，并使用专门定制的纸尺，上面印有相关信息，以找到答案。根据“paper ruler with relevant information printed on it to find the answer”以及句意“定制的”可知应用形容词tailored，修饰ruler。故选J。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：她强调了理解课文和正确折叠尺子解决难题的重要性。根据“the ruler to solve the puzzle”以及句意“折叠”可知应用动名词folding，作宾语。故选E。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：总共有83个展品，20多个为游戏提供线索。根据“more than 20 provide clues to the game”以及句意“展品”可知应用复数名词exhibits，故选D。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：通过阅读、分析和使用古代文本和地图，玩家在游戏中不断前进。根据“through the game”以及句意“前进”可知应用proceeding，结合are可知为现在进行时。故选G。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意：这款游戏鼓励玩家参与到展示中，仔细检查其中的教育内容。根据“examine their educational content”以及句意“仔细”可知应用副词thoughtfully，修饰动词examine。故选B。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：这款游戏提供了两个版本：一个是单人游戏，玩家在午夜探索山海景的神秘篇章；另一个是三人游戏，包含了竞争和合作的元素。根据“The game offers two versions: a single-player, where players explore the mysterious”以及句意“篇章”可知应用名词turning，作宾语。故选K。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：自推出以来，这款游戏在益智游戏爱好者和传统文化爱好者中很受欢迎，预订通常在几分钟内售罄。根据“often sold out within minutes”以及句意“预订”可知应用复数名词reservations，故选H。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：这款游戏是“山海社”IP的一部分，“山海社”是由故宫发起的古籍保护虚拟社区，旨在将玩家与文化遗产联系起来，激励他们保护古代知识。根据“by the museum”以及句意“发起”可知应用过去分词initiated，作定语修饰名词protection。故选F。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Superhuman artificial intelligence is already among us, well, sort of. When it comes to playing games like chess or solving difficult scientific challenges, computers are well ahead of us. But we have one superpower they aren’t even close to ___21___: mind reading. Humans have an ability to work out the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can ___22___ other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. Reading minds comes so ___23___ to us, though, that we often don’t think to spell out what we want. If AIs are to become truly ___24___ in everyday life — in the case of self-driving cars, to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball—they need to establish similar abilities. The trouble is that doing so is far harder than training a chess grandmaster, for it involves dealing with the uncertainties of human behaviour and requires flexible thinking, which AIs have typically ___25___. But recent developments, including a game-playing AI that learned to cooperate with humans and AIs that can succeed at hide-and-seek, show that ___26___ smart machines aren’t a pipe dream. ___27___, thinking about others could be a step towards a grander goal — AI with self-awareness. “If we want robots, or AI in general, to truly ___28___ into our lives, then we have to figure this out,” says Hod Lipson at Columbia University, New York. Psychologists refer to the ability to ___29___ another’s mental state as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity starts to develop at a very ___30___ age: by 9 months, babies understand that people’s actions are linked to their goals; between 18 months and 2 years, they start to ___31___ that each person’s goals can be different because we have unique desires. ___32___, by the age of about 5, humans have a fairly advanced ability to guess what others are thinking. How to ___33___ these capabilities in machines is far from clear, though. Part of the problem is that what we describe as theory of mind is, in fact, not just one thing, but a large collection of abilities. At the simpler end of it is the capacity to understand the ___34___ behind actions, while at the other extreme is the kind of complicated social skills you get in a Jane Austen novel. It is important to remember, though, that the effort to teach machines theory of mind is a ___35___ on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building machines that can truly experience feelings. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But perhaps, along the way, we will learn something about ourselves too. 21. A. abusing B. enhancing C. mastering D. transforming 22. A. anticipate B. control C. defend D. support 23. A. lively B. rarely C. naturally D. unexpectedly 24. A. useful B. modern C. delicate D. real 25. A. contested with B. struggled with C. engaged with D. disagreed with 26. A. financially B. socially C. physically D. culturally 27. A. For example B. On the contrary C. In summary D. What’s more 28. A. bump B. inquire C. translate D. integrate 29. A. infer B. alter C. interrupt D. document 30. A. different B. present C. young D. average 31. A. deny B. forget C. grasp D. ignore 32. A. Regrettably B. Distressingly C. Hopefully D. Remarkably 33. A. examine B. reproduce C. expand D. restore 34. A. motivations B. consequences C. problems D. conflicts 35. A. stepping stone B. turning point C. road block D. dead end 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了人工智能在理解和预测人类行为方面面临的挑战与进展，特别是与人类“读心术”能力的对比。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在一种能力上远超人工智能，那就是读心术。 A. abusing滥用；B. enhancing提升；C. mastering掌握；D. transforming转变。 根据下文的“mind reading (读心术)”可知，这里强调人类具有掌握读心术的能力。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人类有能力确定他人的目标、愿望和信仰，这是一项至关重要的技能，意味着我们可以预测他人的行为和自己的行为的后果。 A. anticipate预测；B. control控制；C. defend防御；D. support支持。 根据上文的“Humans have an ability to work out the goals, desires and beliefs of others”可知，这里强调人类能够预测他人的行为和自己行为的后果。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：读心术对我们来说如此自然，以至于我们常常没有意识到要明确表达自己的想法。 A. lively生动地；B. rarely很少；C. naturally自然地；D. unexpectedly意外地。 根据上文的“Humans have an ability to work out the goals, desires and beliefs of others”和下文的“that we often don’t think to spell out what we want”可知，这里强调读心术的自然性。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果人工智能要在日常生活中真正有用——比如自动驾驶汽车，要理解一个孩子可能会在一个弹跳的球后跑到路上，他们需要建立类似的能力。 A. useful有用的；B. modern现代的；C. delicate精细的；D. real真实的。根据下文的“in the case of self-driving cars, to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball—they need to establish similar abilities”可知，这里强调人工智能在实际应用中的有用性。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：问题是，这样做要比训练国际象棋大师困难得多，因为它涉及到处理人类行为的不确定性，需要灵活的思维，而这通常是人工智能难以做到的。A. contested with与……争论；B. struggled with努力应对；C. engaged with参与；D. disagreed with不同意。 根据上文的“for it involves dealing with the uncertainties of human behaviour and requires flexible thinking”可知，这里强调人工智能在处理灵活思维方面的困难。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但最近的发展，包括学会与人类合作的游戏人工智能，以及可以成功玩捉迷藏的人工智能，表明社交智能机器并不是白日梦。A. financially财务上；B. socially社交方面；C. physically身体上；D. culturally文化上。根据上文的“a game-playing AI that learned to cooperate with humans and AIs that can succeed at hide-and-seek”可知，这里强调人工智能在社交层面的进展。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：而且，思考他人可能是实现更宏伟目标的一步——具有自我意识的人工智能。A. For example例如；B. On the contrary相反；C. In summary总之；D. What’s more而且。根据下文的“thinking about others could be a step towards a grander goal — AI with self-awareness”可知，这里进一步强调人工智能的发展。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们希望机器人，或者更广泛地说，人工智能真正融入我们的生活，那么我们必须解决这个问题。 A. bump碰撞；B. inquire询问；C. translate翻译；D. integrate融入。根据下文的“into our lives”可知，这里强调人工智能融入我们的生活。故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：心理学家将推断他人心理状态的能力称为心理理论。A. infer推断；B. alter改变；C. interrupt打断；D. document记录。根据下文的“another’s mental state”可知，心理理论对他人的心理状态只能是推断。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在人类身上，这种能力在很小的时候就开始发展：9个月大的时候，婴儿就知道人的行为与他们的目标是相关联的；在18个月到2岁之间，他们开始意识到每个人的目标可以是不同的，因为我们有独特的愿望。 A. different不同的；B. present现在的；C. young年幼的；D. average平均的。 根据下文的“by 9 months”可知，这里强调能力发展的早期阶段。故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。 句意：在人类身上，这种能力在很小时候就开始发展：9个月大的时候，婴儿就知道人的行为与他们的目标是相关联的；在18个月到2岁之间，他们开始意识到每个人的目标可以是不同的，因为我们有独特的愿望。A. deny否认；B. forget忘记；C. grasp理解；领悟；D. ignore忽视。根据下文的“that each person’s goals can be different”可知，这是人们意识到的内容。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：值得注意的是，到大约5岁时，人类已经具备相当高级的猜测他人想法的能力。A. Regrettably遗憾地；B. Distressingly令人不安地；C. Hopefully有希望地；D. Remarkably令人瞩目地。根据下文的“by the age of about 5, humans have a fairly advanced ability to guess what others are thinking”可知，这里强调这种能力的显著性。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，如何在机器中复制这些能力还远远不清楚。A. examine检查；B. reproduce复制；C. expand扩展；D. restore恢复。根据下文的“these capabilities in machines”可知，在机器上肯定是复制这些能力。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最简单的是理解行为背后动机的能力，而另一个极端是简·奥斯汀小说中那种复杂的社交技巧。A. motivations动机；B. consequences后果；C. problems问题；D. conflicts冲突。根据上文的“the capacity to understand”和下文的“behind actions”可知，这里强调理解行为背后动机的能力。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查名词短语辨析。句意：不过，重要的是要记住，教机器心理理论是实现人工智能和机器人研究更深层次目标的垫脚石：制造能够真正体验情感的机器。 A. stepping stone垫脚石；B. turning point转折点；C. road block障碍；D. dead end死胡同。根据下文的“on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research”可知，这里强调垫脚石的作用。故选A项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) It’s eight o’clock on Christmas morning, and dad says he wants to listen to the news. My 11-year-old self is wondering why on Earth grown-ups would be interested in the news when there are important things to be done, such as handing out presents. And then, while I am only half-listening to the radio broadcast, something unusual happens: the boring newsreader begins talking about a Christmas message. Hadn’t we heard that report earlier? My older brother, Colin, figures out what’s happening. “Pete, Pete, it’s a tape recorder! We’ve got our tape recorder!” It finally dawns on me: my dad recorded the news and is playing it back now. I think it’s quite rare to experience real excitement over a present, but for me this was one of those rare moments. Colin and I had both been blind from birth. Now, in the late 1950s, exciting consumer goods were coming within reach of the not-so rich. At the special boarding school that Colin and I attended, a recorder of your own was the height of joy. However, Colin—better informed and more realistic about family finances than I was—had no real expectations of getting one. I realised, much later, that a tape recorder would have cost more than four times dad’s weekly wage. The new toy, the size of a small suitcase, dominated the rest of the Christmas holidays. Once we had mastered the controls, we recorded anything and everything: each other, our parents, the milkman, the dog... and we very quickly learned how much fun we could have with it. For the first time, in the same way that a sighted child might react to seeing themselves in a mirror or a photograph, I got the sense of myself as a separate person who existed outside my head and was experienced by other people. It was both exciting and embarrassing. I took my first steps down the path to my career as a broadcaster when I returned to school after the holidays. I was lucky to be in a class of imaginative and creative boys crazy for recorders, and it wasn’t long before we started to make our own radio programmes. I would wander round the school with my microphone, recording my thoughts in the style of the voices I heard on the radio. Ten years later, I drew on the confidence gained from those early involvement in sound and walked into a radio station, in the hopes of selling myself as a broadcast journalist. Twenty-five years later, I presented my first report for BBC TV’s Six O’Clock News, a programme my dad had never missed. Although by then he’d been dead for more than a decade, I like to think he’d have realised that his inspiring Christmas present had changed my life. 36. Why did dad want to listen to the news on Christmas morning? A. He expected to give the boys a surprise. B. He was postponing handing out his presents. C. He had always enjoyed listening to the news. D. He missed the Christmas news the day before. 37. By the first sentence of paragraph 4, the “experience real excitement over a present” means that _____. A. he didn’t know before what a recorder was B. he got the tape recorder he had been dying for C. the recorder was the first present he got from dad D. the recorder was an exceptionally meaningful gift 38. What did the recorder enable the boys to do when they started to use it? A. Make their own radio programmes. B. Discover more about themselves. C. Pursue a career in broadcasting. D. Hear each other more clearly. 39. According to the passage, how did the tape recorder change the author’s life? A. It boosted the author’s confidence in communicating with people. B It helped the author develop a closer relationship with his family. C. It made the author more interested in listening to news reports. D. It sparked the author’s passion for sound and broadcasting. 【答案】36. A 37. D 38. B 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在圣诞节收到一台录音机作为礼物的故事，以及这台录音机如何激发了他对声音和广播的兴趣，最终改变了他的职业道路。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的句子“My 11-year-old self is wondering why on Earth grown-ups would be interested in the news when there are important things to be done, such as handing out presents.(11岁的我在想，为什么成年人在有重要的事情要做的时候会对新闻感兴趣，比如发礼物。)”、第二段“My older brother, Colin, figures out what’s happening. “Pete, Pete, it’s a tape recorder! We’ve got our tape recorder!”(我哥哥科林知道发生了什么。“皮特，皮特，这是录音机！”我们有录音机！”)”、第三段的句子“It finally dawns on me: my dad recorded the news and is playing it back now.(我终于明白：父亲提前录好新闻并回放)” 以及第四段的句子“I think it’s quite rare to experience real excitement over a present, but for me this was one of those rare moments.(我觉得为一件礼物而感到真正的兴奋是非常罕见的，但对我来说，这是一个罕见的时刻。)”可知，父亲通过伪装成新闻播报，实际播放录音机功能演示，目的是制造惊喜。故选A项。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据后文提到拥有一台自己的录音机是“the height of joy(极致快乐)”，且对盲人兄弟而言是“the sense of myself as a separate person(感知自我存在)”； 父亲花费“four times dad’s weekly wage(周薪四倍)”购买，体现其特殊价值。 礼物意义远超物质本身，说明这台录音机是一件特别有意义的礼物。故选D项。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“For the first time, in the same way that a sighted child might react to seeing themselves in a mirror or a photograph, I got the sense of myself as a separate person who existed outside my head and was experienced by other people.(第一次，就像一个有视力的孩子看到自己在镜子或照片中的反应一样，我意识到自己是一个独立的人，存在于我的头脑之外，被其他人所体验。)”可知，录音机使作者更多地了解了自己。故选B项。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“I took my first steps down the path to my career as a broadcaster when I returned to school after the holidays. I was lucky to be in a class of imaginative and creative boys crazy for recorders, and it wasn’t long before we started to make our own radio programmes. I would wander round the school with my microphone, recording my thoughts in the style of the voices I heard on the radio.(假期结束回到学校后，我迈出了播音员职业道路上的第一步。我很幸运，能和一群对录音机情有独钟、富有想象力和创造力的男孩在一起，没过多久，我们就开始制作自己的广播节目。我会拿着麦克风在学校里走来走去，用我在收音机里听到的声音的方式记录下我的想法。)”和最后一段的句子“Ten years later, I drew on the confidence gained from those early involvement in sound and walked into a radio station, in the hopes of selling myself as a broadcast journalist.(十年后，我凭借早期对声音的参与所获得的信心，走进了一家电台，希望把自己推销为一名广播记者。)”可知，录音机激发了作者对声音和广播的热情。故选D项。 (B) Shipping containers, currently experiencing a major shortage, have a life of 10 to 15 years when used to transport goods across oceans. So what happens to these massive and durable structures after that? Often they’re recycled into low-cost storage—other times they simply sit in ports around the world. Now, architects are finding new and improved ways to unlock their low-cost and sustainable development potential. Sustainable Support System On land that was meant to become a jail instead stands a 60,500 square-foot housing facility supporting unhoused people. The Care First Village holds 232 units, as well as a common building with laundry facilities, dining areas and a dog park. Performing Art Cart The concept of the microtheater first began in Madrid, where audiences gathered to watch short performances in different rooms of an old hotel. In 2021, Microtheater first appeared, hosting short plays in shipping containers. Step inside and watch one or all of the original 15-minute shows. Eco-Friendly Attraction This is not your typical café. Its design, inspired by coffee trees, features 29 shipping containers piled in a manner to look like branches. While a shipping container doesn’t typically scream “natural light,” skylight windows are strategically placed throughout the structure. Green Arena (竞技场) Located on the Gulf shoreline, Stadium 974 is a 40,000-capacity arena created from 974 shipping containers. The first temporary stadium in World Cup history, it will host FIFA World Cup matches this year—and then its components will be shipped to countries in need around the world for repurposing. Mach 1 “Every single thing you buy in the world has been transported in these things,” artist David Mach says of his fascination with shipping containers. While still in the design stages, his sculpture will soon have a home in Edinburgh Park, with a coffee bar and exhibition space available to visitors inside. 40 Why might architects be interested in using shipping containers for construction? A. They are not expensive but long-lasting. B. They are perfectly fit for temporary structures. C. They offer a creative and cost-effective building material. D. They are more durable than traditional concrete buildings. 41. How does the concept of Stadium 974 differ from other projects mentioned in the passage? A. It is designed as an artistic landmark in a public space. B. It is the only project designed to be temporary and relocated. C. It is a creative approach to providing short-term living spaces. D. It serves as a multifunctional place for performances. 42. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. How to deal with a global container shortage B. How to plan a sustainable life in containers C. How to build creative container homes D. How to give containers a second life 【答案】40. C 41. B 42. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了航运集装箱在结束其运输使命后，如何被建筑师和设计师们重新利用，转化为可持续的、低成本的建筑项目。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“So what happens to these massive and durable structures after that? Often they’re recycled into low-cost storage—other times they simply sit in ports around the world. Now, architects are finding new and improved ways to unlock their low-cost and sustainable development potential.(那么，在那之后，这些巨大且耐用的集装箱会怎么样呢？它们常常被回收改造成低成本的储物空间，而其他时候，它们就只是闲置在世界各地的港口。如今，建筑师们正在寻找新的、更好的方法，来挖掘它们在低成本和可持续发展方面的潜力)”可知，建筑师们正在寻找新的、改进的方法来释放集装箱低成本和可持续发展的潜力。因此可以推断出建筑师们对使用集装箱进行建筑感兴趣的原因是因为它们提供了一种创造性和经济高效的建筑材料。故选C。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“Green Arena (竞技场)”部分中的“Located on the Gulf shoreline, Stadium 974 is a 40,000-capacity arena created from 974 shipping containers. The first temporary stadium in World Cup history, it will host FIFA World Cup matches this year—and then its components will be shipped to countries in need around the world for repurposing.(位于墨西哥湾海岸线的974体育场是一座可容纳4万人的竞技场，由974个海运集装箱建造而成。这是世界杯历史上第一个临时体育场，今年它将举办国际足联世界杯的比赛，之后，它的各个组成部分将被运往世界各地有需要的国家，以供重新利用)”可知，974体育场是世界杯历史上第一个临时体育场，比赛结束后其组件将被运往世界各地有需要的国家重新利用，其他项目未提及有这样的特点。故选B。 【42题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇提出海运集装箱在完成运输使命后，通常有回收成低成本储物空间或闲置在港口等情况，接着指出建筑师们正在挖掘它们在低成本和可持续发展方面的潜力，随后详细介绍了几个将海运集装箱进行改造再利用的项目，如改造成住房设施、微型剧院、咖啡馆、体育场和雕塑等。选项D“How to give containers a second life(如何赋予集装箱第二次生命)”可以作为本文的最佳标题，准确地概括了文章的主旨，即通过各种方式对海运集装箱进行再利用，让它们在完成运输任务后有新的用途。故选D。 (C) Less is More is a book with an ambitious subtitle: How Degrowth Will Save the World. That’s a big claim, but this is by Jason Hickel, one of the leading advocates of postgrowth thinking. He has a better chance than most at backing that up. Degrowth is often used as a controversial word, but here it is used in a more encouraging way. Hickel looks back to trace the origins of ‘growthism’, digging back through climate change to fossil fuels (化石燃料), to economic growth and to capitalism. Capitalism “has a kind of totalitarian logic to it: every industry, every national economy must grow, all the time, with no identifiable end-point.” A central principle of capitalism is to take more than you give. Historically, that process has driven kingdoms and colonialism (殖民主义), and today it drives climate change and ecological breakdown. Wealthier countries take from the global atmosphere in yet another form of colonialism. One of the most damaging things about capitalism is that it is “fundamentally ill from any concept of human need.” It piles its rewards onto the wealthiest first. The more severe the poverty, the more invisible it is to capital, and it takes no account of what it destroys in the process of turning things into money. Instead, we should find ways to prioritise what matters most. More, in already wealthy countries, is not something that matters. Hickel calculates that with better distribution and investment in public goods, the US economy could be 65% smaller with no loss in wellbeing. Good lives are grounded in community, meaningful work, in societies that cooperate rather than compete. People and planet are being pushed to breaking point to no good end, says Hickel. As the book moves into its solutions a series of antidotes (解药) to growth are revealed. Justice is one of them. Abundance (富足) is another—growth actually relies on people being unsatisfied. These sorts of ideas hint at much more interesting possibilities for a post-capitalist future. “For 500 years,” Hickel writes, “capitalist growth has been a process of enclosure and dispossession. Degrowth represents a reversal of this process. It represents release. It represents an opportunity for recovery and repair.” This is an elegant evolution of degrowth ideas, expanding what the term can mean. Degrowth begins as a process of taking less. But in the end it opens up a whole landscape of possibility, moving us from poverty to abundance, from dominance to reciprocity, and from loneliness and separation to connection with a world that’s full of life. Hard to argue with that. Perhaps degrowth will save the world. 43. According to Hickel, it is _____ that causes ecological breakdown. A. capitalism’s unceasing drive for growth B. a lack of technological advancement C. insufficient governmental regulation D. overinvestment in public goods 44. It can be inferred from the passage that Hickel holds that _____. A. capitalism to some extent meets the human need B. colonialism is hard to avoid even in modern times C. capitalist growth has increasingly prioritised recovery and repair D. less wealthy countries need better distribution than wealthy ones 45. What does the word “reciprocity” (paragraph 7) most probably mean? A. An unequal sharing of various resources. B. A relationship based on continuous giving. C. The possibility to compete fairly and freely. D. The exchange of rights and mutual support. 46. According to the passage, what does “degrowth” refer to? A. Intensifying capitalist growth in an eco-friendly way. B. The prioritising of individual growth over community welfare. C. Boosting economic development in order to reach a state of abundance. D. The reduction of economic growth to focus on sustainability and well-being. 【答案】43. A 44. B 45. D 46. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是Jason Hickel在其著作《Less is More》中对资本主义增长逻辑的批判及其关于退缩经济（degrowth）如何拯救世界的观点。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Capitalism “has a kind of totalitarian logic to it: every industry, every national economy must grow, all the time, with no identifiable end-point.” A central principle of capitalism is to take more than you give. Historically, that process has driven kingdoms and colonialism (殖民主义), and today it drives climate change and ecological breakdown. Wealthier countries take from the global atmosphere in yet another form of colonialism. (资本主义“有一种极权主义的逻辑：每个行业、每个国家经济都必须不断增长，没有明确的终点。” 资本主义的核心原则是以索取多于回馈为基础的。历史上，这一过程推动了王国的扩张和殖民主义，而如今它正推动气候变化和生态崩溃。)”可知，资本主义的一种集权主义逻辑是每个行业、每个国家经济都必须不断增长，没有明确的终点，这一过程推动气候变化和生态崩溃，由此可知，造成生态崩溃的原因是资本主义对增长的无止境驱动。故选A项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Historically, that process has driven kingdoms and colonialism (殖民主义), and today it drives climate change and ecological breakdown. Wealthier countries take from the global atmosphere in yet another form of colonialism.(历史上，这一过程推动了王国的扩张和殖民主义，而如今它正推动气候变化和生态崩溃。富裕国家通过另一种形式的殖民主义从全球大气中攫取资源。)”可知，历史上通过王国的扩张和殖民主义积累资本，而现在通过另一种新型的殖民主义从全球大气中攫取资源，由此可推断，Hickel认为现代仍然难以避免殖民主义的存在。故选B项。 【45题详解】 词句猜测题。根据单词所在的句子“But in the end it opens up a whole landscape of possibility, moving us from poverty to abundance, from dominance to reciprocity, and from loneliness and separation to connection with a world that’s full of life.(但最终，它开辟了一个充满可能性的广阔天地，将我们从贫困带向富足，从支配带向reciprocity，从孤独与分离带向与一个充满生机的世界建立联系。)”可知，退缩经济开辟了一个充满可能性的广阔天地，结合“from poverty to abundance”和“and from loneliness and separation”可知，该单词的意义与“支配”相对应，结合选项，该单词的意义与D选项“The exchange of rights and mutual support.(权利交换)”的意义相近。故选D项。 【46题详解】 词句猜测题。根据首段中的“Less is More is a book with an ambitious subtitle: How Degrowth Will Save the World. That’s a big claim, but this is by Jason Hickel, one of the leading advocates of postgrowth thinking. He has a better chance than most at backing that up.(《少即是多》是一本带有雄心勃勃副标题的书：《退缩经济如何拯救世界》。这是一个大胆的主张，但作者是Jason Hickel，他是后增长思想的主要倡导者之一，他比大多数人更有能力证明这一点。)”可知，本文引用Jason Hickel的《少即是多》，即《退缩经济如何拯救世界》一书，引出本文讲述的退缩经济如何拯救世界的观点，结合下文中对资本主义增长逻辑的批判和尾段中的“But in the end it opens up a whole landscape of possibility, moving us from poverty to abundance, from dominance to reciprocity, and from loneliness and separation to connection with a world that’s full of life.(但最终，它开辟了一个充满可能性的广阔天地，将我们从贫困带向富足，从支配带向互惠，从孤独与分离带向与一个充满生机的世界建立联系。)”可知，本文强调了退缩经济是从贫困走向富足，从支配转向互惠的过程，由此可知，退缩经济指的是减少经济增长，专注于可持续性与福祉。故选D项。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How Genes Affect Education It has long been debated whether various aspects of our personalities and abilities are influenced more by our genes or our early environment. _____47_____ The extent to which identical twins are more similar in any particular character than non-identical twins reveals how much variation in that character is down to genetics. The rest is usually assumed to be due to the environment. Studies show that many traits are not influenced much by the environment. However, educational attainment—how many years someone spends in school—is often found to be about 35% influenced by the environment. _____48_____ Damien Morris at King’s College London believes the biggest overlooked factor is that people tend to have children with someone with a similar level of education as themselves, an idea known as assortative mating. Morris studied whether people with similar education levels tend to marry by using a recent German twin study. This study collected data not only on the twins but also on their parents and siblings (兄弟姐妹) from nearly 1,000 families. After analyzing this data using the traditional twin study design, environmental differences between families were estimated to account for 43 per cent of the variation in years of schooling. _____49_____ Sure enough, there was more similarity between the educational years of each parental pair than would be expected by chance. Taking this into account, the environmental contribution was estimated to be just 26 per cent. Morris also analyzed the impact of a second factor usually overlooked in twin studies. This is the fact that the early environments of twins are more similar than those of non-twin siblings. _____50_____ When this was taken into account as well, the estimated environmental influence fell to 10 per cent. “This is a very interesting finding,” says Jeremy Freese at Stanford University. “It is unimaginable to me to think that everything that goes on with parents is only a bit player in the story.” A. Other kinds of studies have given higher estimates for the environmental contribution to years of schooling. B. Scientists sometimes investigate the question by comparing different kinds of twins. C. Then, Morris analyzed the same data using a method that also included the parents’ years of education. D. These studies usually overlook two factors, however, leading to falsely high estimates of environmental effects. E. This is the conclusion of a study on twins, which suggests that most previous such research has overestimated the effects of upbringing F. Twins are more likely to have grown up in the same financial circumstances, gone to the same school and so on. 【答案】47. B 48. D 49. C 50. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了基因对受教育程度的影响。 【47题详解】 根据上文“It has long been debated whether various aspects of our personalities and abilities are influenced more by our genes or our early environment.( 长期以来，人们一直在争论，我们性格和能力的各个方面更多地受到基因还是早期环境的影响。)”提到长期以来存在关于我们的个性和能力的各个方面是更多地受基因还是早期环境影响的争论，以及下文“The extent to which identical twins are more similar in any particular character than non-identical twins reveals how much variation in that character is down to genetics.( 同卵双胞胎在某一特定特征上比异卵双胞胎更相似的程度揭示了该特征上有多少变异是由基因决定的。)”提到同卵双胞胎在任何特定特征上比异卵双胞胎更相似的程度揭示了该特征的多少变异归因于遗传学，B选项“Scientists sometimes investigate the question by comparing different kinds of twins.( 科学家有时通过比较不同类型的双胞胎来研究这个问题。)”可知，“the question”指代上文的争论，“comparing different kinds of twins” 与下文的同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎的比较相呼应，起到了承上启下的作用。故选B项。 【48题详解】 根据上文“Studies show that many traits are not influenced much by the environment. However, educational attainment—how many years someone spends in school—is often found to be about 35% influenced by the environment.( 研究表明，许多特征不太受环境的影响。然而，受教育程度——一个人在学校呆了多少年——通常被发现受环境的影响约为35%。)”提到受教育程度——一个人在学校呆了多少年——通常被发现受环境的影响约为35%。以及下文“Damien Morris at King’s College London believes the biggest overlooked factor is that people tend to have children with someone with a similar level of education as themselves, an idea known as assortative mating.( 伦敦国王学院的达米安·莫里斯认为，最容易被忽视的因素是，人们倾向于与自己的教育水平相似的人生育孩子，这种想法被称为“选择性交配”。)”提到最大的被忽视的因素是人们倾向于与教育水平与自己相似的人结婚。D选项“These studies usually overlook two factors, however, leading to falsely high estimates of environmental effects.( 然而，这些研究通常忽略了两个因素，导致对环境影响的估计过高。)”可知，“These studies”承接上文关于受教育程度受环境影响的研究，“overlook two factors” 引出下文提到的被忽视的因素。故选D项。 【49题详解】 根据上文“After analyzing this data using the traditional twin study design, environmental differences between families were estimated to account for 43 per cent of the variation in years of schooling.( 在使用传统的双胞胎研究设计分析这些数据后，家庭之间的环境差异估计占受教育年限差异的43%。)”提到家庭之间的环境差异估计占受教育年限差异的 43%。以及下文“Sure enough, there was more similarity between the educational years of each parental pair than would be expected by chance. (果然，父母双方受教育年限之间的相似之处比偶然预期的要多。)”提到父母双方受教育年限之间的相似之处比偶然预期的要多。C选项“Then, Morris analyzed the same data using a method that also included the parents’ years of education.( 然后，莫里斯使用一种也包括父母受教育年限的方法分析了相同的数据。)”可知，“analyzed the same data”承接上文对数据的分析，“included the parents’years of education”与下文提到的父母受教育年限相关内容相呼应。故选C项。 【50题详解】 根据上文“This is the fact that the early environments of twins are more similar than those of non-twin siblings.( 这就是双胞胎的早期环境比非双胞胎兄弟姐妹更相似的事实。)”提到 双胞胎的早期环境比非双胞胎兄弟姐妹更相似的事实，F选项“Twins are more likely to have grown up in the same financial circumstances, gone to the same school and so on.( 双胞胎更有可能在相同的经济环境中长大，上同一所学校等等。)”可知，进一步解释了双胞胎早期环境更相似的具体表现，与上文内容相符。故选F项。 III．Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Trouble of Over-pathologizing to Schools In the past, young people didn’t discuss their mental health. But nowadays, it feels like there is a mental health awareness campaign almost every week. However, this societal push to talk about mental health might not be helping everyone. In fact, it could be making things worse. These campaigns encourage people to interpret essentially all negative thoughts and feelings as symptoms of a disorder or a problem, consequently making them feel unnecessarily weak and leading them to view themselves as having a disorder when they don’t. This kind of over-pathologizing may lead to further problems in schools. An increasing number of young people are saying that they don’t want to do something by labeling themselves as having anxiety. Sometimes, the most appropriate response is to make adjustments for that person. For example, they shouldn’t be asked questions in class, or they shouldn’t have to sit exams in a big hall. But this genuine, useful principle has been blown out of proportion. In some cases, students in schools are automatically being given excessive freedom or privileges with no intention to ever review them. The trouble is that the worst thing you can do in terms of managing anxiety in the long run is to allow people to avoid the things that scare them. Actually, the most useful therapeutic approach is to support them, step by step, in facing their fears. If, with support, they gradually do the things that make them anxious, they learn two things: first, that it isn’t as bad as they thought it would be, and second, that even if it is bad, they can cope. So there needs to be a better understanding of who really needs one-to-one support and who can be supported simply by teachers being helpful, rather than applying a one-size-fits-all approach to adjustments. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Increased mental health awareness has led to over-pathologizing, causing some students to label normal struggles as disorders. Schools sometimes allow these students to avoid what scares them, leaving their anxiety unresolved. Schools should encourage those students to brave fears while ensuring that only those truly in need receive specialized assistance. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出，过度关注心理健康可能导致过度病理化，使学生将正常的情绪问题视为疾病，从而在学校中引发更多问题。学校应鼓励学生勇敢面对恐惧，同时确保只有真正需要的人才能获得一对一的支持。 【详解】要点摘录 ① Nowadays, mental health awareness campaigns are everywhere, but they might not be helping everyone. ② These campaigns encourage people to see all negative thoughts as symptoms of a disorder, making them feel unnecessarily weak. ③ In schools, this over-pathologizing leads to students avoiding things that scare them, which doesn’t help in the long run. ④ Instead, schools should support students in facing their fears gradually and ensure that only those who truly need it receive specialized help. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 遣词造句 Increased mental health awareness has led to over-pathologizing, causing some students to label normal struggles as disorders. Schools sometimes allow these students to avoid what scares them, leaving their anxiety unresolved. Schools should encourage those students to brave fears while ensuring only those truly in need receive specialized assistance. 【点睛】 [高分句型1] Increased mental health awareness has led to over-pathologizing, causing some students to label normal struggles as disorders.（运用了现在分词短语作状语，表达高级） [高分句型2] Schools sometimes allow these students to avoid what scares them, leaving their anxiety unresolved.（使用现在分词短语作结果状语，表达高级） [高分句型3] Schools should encourage those students to brave fears while ensuring that only those truly in need receive specialized assistance.（使用while引导的时间状语从句的省略） IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 请问地球绕太阳公转如何影响昼夜长短的变化？(orbit) （汉译英） _________________________________________________ 【答案】How does the Earth’s orbit around the Sun affect (the changes in) the length of day and night? 【解析】 【详解】考查句子结构及时态。该句为特殊疑问句，陈述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态，主语“地球绕太阳公转”使用名词所有格“the Earth’s”和名词“orbit”以及介词短语“around the Sun”构成；主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式；特殊疑问词how置于句首，后接助动词does构成疑问语序；使用动词affect作谓语，“昼夜长短的变化”可翻译为“the changes in the length of day and night”或者“the length of day and night”作affect的宾语，为了句子的通顺性，添加the changes in使表达更自然流畅，也可省略。故翻译为How does the Earth’s orbit around the Sun affect (the changes in) the length of day and night? 53. 民俗庆典呈现出传统习俗与新技术交相辉映的发展趋势。(tendency) （汉译英） _________________________________________________ 【答案】There is a growing tendency to integrate traditional customs with/into new technologies in a folk celebration ceremony. Folk celebration ceremonies are showing a tendency to combine traditional customs with new technologies. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、时态、非谓语动词和there be句型。表示“某处有(存在)某 人或某物”，其结构为 There be句型；“趋势”用名词tendency，后接不定式作后置定语；“与……交相辉映”用短语integrate /combine…with…；“传统习俗”翻译为traditional customs；“新技术”翻译为new technologies；“民俗庆典”翻译为folk celebration ceremony。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故翻译为There is a growing tendency to integrate traditional customs with/into new technologies in a folk celebration ceremony./Folk celebration ceremonies are showing a tendency to combine traditional customs with new technologies. 54. 值得一提的是，职业咨询区人流如织，已成为本次活动最热火朝天的区域之一。(It) （汉译英） _________________________________________________ 【答案】It is worth noting/mentioning that the career consultation area is packed with visitors, and becomes/making it one of the most dynamic/lively sections of the event. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、非谓语、固定句型和主语从句。表示“值得一提的是”用固定句型It be worth noting/mentioning that...，其中It作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，be动词用is。主语从句中：表示“职业咨询区”用the career consultation area，作从句的主语；表示“人流如织”即“挤满了人”用be packed with visitors，其中be packed with是一个固定短语，表示“挤满了”；主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is；表示“成为”用become，用连词and连接谓语is和becomes；表示“最热火朝天的区域之一”用one of the most dynamic/lively sections of the event。或者表示“使他成为”用make it，用现在分词，作状语。故翻译It is worth noting/mentioning that the career consultation area is packed with visitors, and becomes/making it one of the most dynamic/lively sections of the event. 55. 上海是一座依水而兴的城市，江河湖海相伴相依，并提供众多与城市地标相关的特色娱乐体验。(surround) （汉译英） _________________________________________________ 【答案】As a city that grows/develops by/on water, Shanghai is surrounded by rivers, lakes, and seas, offering a wide range of distinctive entertainment experiences associated with/linked to its landmarks. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语、动词短语、非谓语动词和名词短语。描述客观事实用一般现在时。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“作为一座依水而兴的城市”应为介词短语As a city that grows/develops by/on water；表示“被……包围”应为被动句式be surrounded by；表示“江河湖海”应为名词短语rivers, lakes, and seas；后接非谓语动词作状语，表示“提供”为动词offer，和逻辑主语Shanghai为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式，表示“各种独特的娱乐体验”应为名词短语a wide range of distinctive entertainment experiences；表示“与……相联系”应为动词短语be associated with/linked to；表示“地标”为名词landmarks。故翻译为：As a city that grows/develops by/on water, Shanghai is surrounded by rivers, lakes, and seas, offering a wide range of distinctive entertainment experiences associated with/linked to its landmarks. V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。为接待来自英国伙伴校的交流生，校学生会正招募寄宿家庭。你非常希望加入，但发现招募海报提供的信息比较有限。因此，你决定致信校学生会，内容包括： 1. 说明希望成为寄宿家庭的原因； 2. 提出想要进一步了解的信息，并表达对该活动的期待。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Student Union, I’m Li Hua, a Senior 3 student from Mingqi High School. I’m writing to express my strong desire to be a host family for the exchange students from our UK partner school. The main reason why I’m eager to join is that I’m extremely interested in British culture. I believe hosting them will offer me a precious chance to learn more about it directly. Moreover, I hope to make friends with these students, which will broaden my horizons. Yet, the information on the recruitment poster is rather limited. I’d like to know whether there are any specific cultural-related activities we need to organize during their stay, and what kind of daily support is required. I sincerely hope this exchange activity will be a great success and look forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封信给校学生会，表达希望成为接待英国交流生的寄宿家庭的意愿，说明原因，并提出想要进一步了解的信息。 【详解】1.词汇积累 欲望：desire → wish 表达：express → convey 珍贵的：precious → valuable 机会：chance → opportunity 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m Li Hua, a Senior 3 student from Mingqi High School. 拓展句：I’m Li Hua, who is a Senior 3 student from Mingqi High School. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The main reason why I’m eager to join is that I’m extremely interested in British culture. （运用了why引导的限制性定语从句、that引导的表语从句） 【高分句型2】Moreover, I hope to make friends with these students, which will broaden my horizons.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$