U4 Period 4 Discovering Useful Structures-【无敌原创】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册同步课时卷

[练习巩固] ⊙单句语法填空⊙ (1)in考查介词的用法。句意为“这只小狗勇敢反抗来保护主 人”。此处构成in defence of..,故填in。 (2)from/against考查介词的用法。句意为“我们所有警察都 接受训练以保护自己以防突然袭击”。此处构成defend..from/ against..,故填from/against。 (3)defence考查动词短语的用法。句意为“事故发生后两名救 援人员赶来保护他”。根据句子结构，此处需要名词，故填 defence。 ⊙单句写作⊙ (1)defend us from/against (2)in defence of freedom and benefits of the people 8.surround vt.围绕；包围 工例句学习] (1)句意为“他们已派警察包围了这所公寓”。 (2)句意为“那个景色优美的小岛被海环绕” (3)句意为“最近，她搬了新家。她的家被群山环绕着，非常美 丽。她对周围的风景很满意，并且很快就会适应新的环境”。 [用法总结] (1)用…包围… (2)被…包围 (3)surrounding (4)surroundings [练习巩固] ⊙单句语法填空⊙ (l)was surrounded考查谓语动词的用法。句意为“这位诗人 被一群人包围，这群人渴望聆听他的演讲”。 (2)Surrounded;surroundings;surrounding 考查非谓语动词、名词、形容词的用法。句意为“被森林围绕，这 个村庄有着优美的环境，吸引了很多来自周边地区的游客。”。 ⊙单句写作⊙ About two hours later,we arrived at a pleasant park which is surrounded with/by trees and flowers. 9.keep one's eyes open留心；注意 [例句学习] (1)句意为“请留意寻找机会，因为它们不会等待任何人”。 (2)句意为“她对美很有鉴赏力”。 (3)句意为“我正在做作业，这时一只鸟引起了我的注意” (4)句意为“她抑制不住泪水，痛痛快快地哭了起来”。 110无敌原创·同步课时卷英语·必修第二册 (5)句意为“探险员们燃起篝火，使野兽不敢走近”。 [用法总结] (1)留心；留意 (2)对…有鉴赏力（或识别力、眼力） (3)引起某人注意 (4)阻止；隐瞒 (5)使…不接近 [练习巩固] (1)keep your eyes open (2)keeping something back 二、 [拓展学习] (1)如果不是 (2)如果这样的话 (3)如果有过/发生过的话 (4)如果有必要的话 (5)如果可能的话 [练习巩固 (1)If not (2)If so 【能力提升】 [语篇解读] 这是一篇应用文。文章就怎样成为一个邻居都喜欢的人给出了 几点建议。 [试题解析] 1.G考查对上下文的理解和推理判断的能力。本段讲如果你 想成为邻居中一个可以接受和有价值的部分，最简单的方法就 是确保你的行为举止像一个好邻居。下文是具体做法，G项（这 里有一些技巧可以帮助你迅速赢得邻居的信赖。)承上启下，故 选G。 2.F考查对上下文的理解和推理判断的能力。本段介绍和邻 居关系融洽最重要的是保持干净整洁的户内户外环境。F项 "People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting(人们往往会自豪于保持街上的一切新鲜和诱 人)”与本段意思一致，故选F。 3.E考查对上下文的理解和推理判断的能力。本段主要建议 要重视社区的整体面貌，出门拿上一个垃圾袋，E项“Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car,pick it up (遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来)”与上句连接， 是举例说明拿垃圾袋的作用，故选E。 4.B考查对上下文的理解和推理判断的能力。本段是建议用 邻居可以接受的方式帮助他们，同时尊重邻居的隐私。B项“A 二、 good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways( 1.known as 邻居就是喜欢在小的方面帮助别人的人)”符合本段内容，故 2.well-known 选B。 3.built by 5.C考查对上下文的理解和推理判断的能力。最后一段是总 4.dating back to 结，只要我们考虑周到，尊重他人，照顾好属于自己的东西，为周 三、 围的人感到自豪，很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的好邻居。C 1.terrified 2.polluted 3.invited 4.injured 5.reported 项中“considerate behavior”是下文内容的概括，故选C。 6.fallen 7.left 8.brought 9.dressed 10.founded ◆单元话题表达积累◆ 11.excited 12.polluted 13.designed 14.confused;confusing 将以下句子译成汉语 15.filled 1.做到这个的最简单方式就是确保你的行为举止要有好邻居该 【能力提升】 有的样子。 一、 2.让他们知道，你乐于用可以让人接受的方式去提供帮助，而且 1.B句意：接下来我们看到的是烟雾正从房子的后面冒出来。 会尊重邻居的隐私。 rising from behind the house为现在分词短语作后置定语，和所 [学法指导] 修饰词smoke构成主动关系，因此用现在分词作定语，相当于定 七选五题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的 语从句which/that was rising from behind the house。 联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等 2.C句意：这个岛屿由一座桥和大陆相连，很容易到达。The 语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。所以懂得整篇文章的基 island和join是被动关系，因此用过去分词作定语。 本结构或段落的语篇结构对解题很有用。分析本文的语篇结构 3.C句意：建于1911年的清华大学培养了一大批杰出的人士。 可以知道第一段先引出话题，本段最后一句是文章的主题句，然 Tsinghua University与found之间存在着被动关系，founded为 后接下来各段都是阐述一种方法，是总分总结构。每段开头都 过去分词表被动，也表示动作已完成，因此用过去分词作定语。 是本段的主题句，要弄清每段主题句和段落内容的联系，判断正 4.C句意：人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今 确答案。 年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。players和select为被动关 系，因此用过去分词作定语。 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS 5.C句意：怀特老师向她的学生展示了一些从图书馆借来的 Period 4 Discovering Useful Structures I旧地图。maps和borrow构成被动和完成关系，因此用过去分 【基础过关】 词作定语。 一、 6.A该空在句中作后置定语修饰the money,根据the money 1.charge句意：许多人认为博物馆不应该收入场费。 与discover的被动关系，因此用过去分词作定语。 2.announce句意：我们高兴地宣布，五位候选人全部入选了。 7.A句意：早餐他只喝在自己农庄种植出来的新鲜水果的果 announce意为“宣布”，根据to可知要用动词原形。 汁。fruit和grow为被动关系，因此用过去分词作定语，表示已 3.gallery句意：画廊是一个永久展览艺术作品的地方。 经完成及被动的意思。 4.approached句意：我看不见Don,但当我靠近拖拉机时，他 8.A句意：29岁的大卫是一个工人，住在波士顿附近的一间小 跳到了马路上，显然没有受伤，然后冲回我身边。 公寓，不知如何规划他的未来。现在分词作定语修饰a worker, 5.ensure句意：为了保证成功，我们必须要有一个全面周密的 a worker和live及wonder是主动关系，因此用现在分词作 计划。 定语。 6.landscape句意：我们漫步在具有典型英格兰风景特征的森 9.C句意：有了政府的援助，那些受地震影响的人们已经搬到 林与田野中。 新的定居点。过去分词affected作后置定语修饰those,表示“那 7.generous句意：他虽然穷，但对贫苦的朋友们很慷慨。 些被影响的人”。 8.position句意：他在房间中心占了一个位置。 10.B句意：在暴风雨中被吹倒的树已经被从道路上移走了。 trees与blow down之间是被动关系，且是已经完成的动作，故 用过去分词短语blown down。 11.D句意：这是今年到目前为止在因特网上发现的最滑稽的 事情之一。found此处为过去分词作后置定语，用来修饰 things,与things构成被动关系。 12.C completed in the1880's为过去分词短语作定语修饰The Town Hall,二者之间为被动关系。 l3.C现在分词表示动作正在进行或经常发生，此处的a letter 和say是主动关系，因此用现在分词，相当于定语从句which said。 14.A句意：错过的东西不会再重来。lost为过去分词转化来 的形容词，作things的定语，相当于定语从句that are lost。 15.A句意：我打电话来咨询一下昨天《中国日报》上刊登职位 的信息。the position和advertise是被动关系，此处的分词可 以理解为定语从句which was advertised。 二、 [语篇解读] 本文是一篇故事，作者通过德国人吃饭不浪费食物的例子告诉 我们资源是属于社会的，我们没有理由浪费资源。 [试题解析] l.C考查动词的用法。A.opened打开；B.left离开；C.entered 进人；D.called打电话。此处指我和朋友进入一家饭店，看到一 对年轻夫妇在吃饭。表示“进人”，故选C。 2.A考查形容词的用法。A.simple简单的；B.cheap便宜的； C.expensive昂贵的；D.common普通的。此处指两个年轻人点 的two dishes and two cans of beer是简单的饭菜，故选A, 3.C考查形容词的用法。A.gentle温和的；B.stupid愚蠢的； C.mean吝啬的；D.friendly友好的。因为两个年轻人点的饭菜 很简单，所以我认为这个男士很吝啬，故选C。 4.B考查形容词的用法。A.full满的，饱的；B.hungry饥饿 的；C.honest诚实的；D.free免费的，自由的。此处指因为我们 饿了，所以朋友给我们点了很多食物，故选B。 5.C考查动词的用法。A.ordering命令；B.eating吃； C.wasting浪费；D.serving服务。根据上文there was still about one third of the food we had ordered on the table可知我们剩了 三分之一的食物，我们浪费了食物，故选C。 6.A考查名词的用法。A.business事情；B.power力量，能 力；C.action行动；D.mind精神，智力。朋友告诉年轻人我们花 钱买的食物，我们剩多少和他无关。none of your business意为 “不关你的事”，故选A。 7.D考查副词的用法。A.slowly缓慢地；B.calmly平静地； C.exactly恰好，正是；D.immediately立刻，马上。年轻人听完朋 友的话很生气，立刻拿出手机打电话，故选D。 8.C考查动词的用法。A.worried使担心；B.upset使心烦； C.surprised使吃惊；D.satisfied使满意。此处指社会保障组织 的官员罚我们50欧元，这让我们很吃惊，故选C。 9.B考查形容词的用法。A.relaxing放松的；B.serious严肃 的；C.grateful感激的；D.boring无聊的。此处指官员严肃地告 诉我们不能浪费社会资源，serious符合语境，故选B。 l0.A考查名词的用法。A.Money钱；B.Decision决定； C.Right权利；D.Freedom自由。官员告诉我们钱是你们自己 的，但资源是属于社会的，故选A。 1l.C考查动词短语的用法。A.thinking about思考； B.bringing in引进；C.suffering from遭受；D.getting along with 取得进展。此处指世界上还有许多遭受饥饿的穷人，故选C。 l2.B考查名词的用法。A.use使用；B.reason理由；C.need需 要；D.way方法。此处指我们没有理由浪费资源，故选B。 l3.A考查名词的用法。A.shame羞愧；B.trouble麻烦； C.interest兴趣；D.joy快乐。德国人对吃饭和浪费的态度使我 们很羞愧，因为我们浪费了食物，故选A。 14.B考查动词的用法。A.returns返回；B.shows显示； C.lends借出；D.passes:通过。为了顾及颜面，我们总是多点菜， 这显示我们对朋友的慷慨，故选B。 l5.C考查形容词的用法。A.important?重要的；B.wealthy富 有的；C.single单一的；D.special特别的。句意：我们应该意识 到资源不属于某个人，而是属于大家。表示单个人，故选C。 三、 [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Manju想要帮助奶奶做印度传 统地画，但一直都失败，由于奶奶的一直鼓励，共同合作，最终两 个人做成功的故事。 [试题解析] l.B推理判断题。根据第四段“He paused before cutting the tip off the cone.What if he cut too much again?(他在把锥尖切 下来之前停了一下。如果他又削减太多了怎么办？)”可推断， Manju在剪掉锥尖之前停顿了一下是因为他害怕再次失败，故 选B。 2.D细节理解题。根据第五段“After a while,Manju frowned and stopped,‘You're doing a good job,'Nanima said.(过了一 会儿，Manju皱起眉头，停了下来。‘你做得很好’Nanima说 到。)”以及最后一段“‘We did it!'Manju sighed with relief..The 二、 new year felt full of good luck,thanks to Nanima and him. 1.courtyard 2.snacks 3.eager 们做到了！’Manju松了口气。多亏了奶奶和他，新的一年充满 三 了好运。)”可知，由于Nanima的鼓励，Manju成功了，故选D。 1.turns 2.amazing 3.eager 4.description 5.cultural 3.B主旨大意题。根据倒数第三段“‘Not if you help me,’ 四、 Nanima shook her head and patted Manju's head(‘如果你帮我， 1.have no idea 就不会。'奶奶摇了摇头，拍了拍Manju的头)”及全文可知，文 2.can't believe how much 章讲述了Manju想要帮助奶奶做印度传统地画，但一直都失 3.was eager to 败，由于奶奶的一直鼓励，共同合作，最终两个人做成功的故 【能力提升】 事。所以“A Good Team(好团队)”作为文章标题最为合适，故 选B。 [语篇解读] 本文主要是阐述孔子与苏格拉底两位伟大哲学家的哲学思想对 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS 社会的影响以及思想观点的相似与不同。 Period 5 Listening and Talking [试题解析] 【基础过关】 1.C考查学习素养和理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段最后 一句中“.and how these ideas in turn,shaped their societies'”可 1.eager adj.渴望的；渴求的 知C项正确。 eagerly adv.含义热切地；渴望地 2.B考查学习素养和理解具体信息的能力。根据第三段最后 eagerness n.渴望，热切 一句“Like Confucius,he believed that the superior class should [例句学习] rule the inferior(下层的)classes'”可知B项正确。 (1)句意为“我们中的一些人很自信，渴望参加班级活动”。 3.C考查思辨素养和理解语篇结构类型的能力。根据第三段 (2)句意为“男孩子们渴望新事物”。 中“.and that it was knowledge that set men apart'”可知C项正 (3)句意为“每周，我都热切地数着通过到处做额外工作而逐渐 确。 增长的储蓄”。 4.B写作手法题。文章的谋篇布局主要是以比较和对照来阐 [用法总结] 述两位伟大的哲学家孔子与苏格拉底的哲学思想对社会的影响 (1)渴望做某事；渴望得到某物 以及思想观点的相似与不同的，故B项正确。 (2)for;for;for;for:for 二、 [练习巩固] [语篇解读] ⊙单句语法填空⊙ 本文介绍了冬季北京人常做的几件事。冬季的北京为人们提供 (1)for (2)to learn (3)eagerly 了许多乐趣。顾和园观光，博物馆看展览，冬季周末在结冰的湖 ⊙单句写作⊙ 面溜冰和滑雪度过，在汤山小镇泡个温泉，再和朋友、家人一起 is eager to communicate with 涮个火锅，既有美食享受，又有丰富的精神食粮。 2.courtyard n.院子 [试题解析] [例句学习] 1.A考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。分析文章结构可 (1)阳光照到院子里。 知本题是小标题。根据下段中“The Summer Palace was (2)我们穿过石拱门进入院子。 designed as a summer...”可知是对颐和园的介绍，分析选项可知 3.snack n.小吃 A项（在颐和园观光。）符合文义，也是上文小标题的展开，故 [例句学习] 选A。 (1)我在附近一家快餐店吃午饭。 2.C考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据小标题 (2)你吃糖果、蛋糕或甜点吗？ “Mutton hot pot with family and friends'”可知，下文是介绍北京 111UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS Period 4 Discovering Useful Structures 基础过关) 一、单词拼写。 1.Many people think that museums should not (收费)for admission. 2.We are pleased to (that all five candidates were successful. 3.A )is a place that has permanent exhibitions of works of art in it. 4.I couldn't see Don,but as I (the tractor,he jumped out onto the road,apparently unhurt,and dashed back to me. 5.In order to (success we must have a complete and thorough plan. 6.We walk in the woods and fields that are typical features of the English (风景). 製 7.Although he was poor,he was quite (慷慨的)to his needy friends. 8.He had taken up a (位置)in the center of the room. 二、根据提示把下面的两个句子合并成一个句子，每空一词。 如 1.The four countries share a flag.The flag is known as the Union Jack. 》 The four countries share a flag the Union Jack. 布 ▣ 2.The Normans ruled England after a battle.The Battle of Hastings is well-known. 世 The Normans ruled England after the Battle of Hastings. 长 3.London has the oldest port.The port was built by the Romans in the first century. London has the oldest port the Romans in the first century. 4.London has the oldest building.The building dates back to the 1060s. London has the oldest building, the 1060s. 三、用所给动词的正确形式填空。 1.So many hundreds of (terrify)people died every time there was a tornado. 2.He found that it came from the river (pollute)by the dirty water from London. 3.Who were the so-called guests (invite)to your party last night? 4.The (injure)workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital. 5.Nothing (report)in the newspaper interested him. 6.We see an old man sweeping the (fall)leaves every morning when we pass the post office. 7.Our teacher was very worried because there was only a little time (leave)for us to finish this task. 8.Generally speaking,the children (bring)up by grandparents tend to feel lonely sometimes. 9.It is amazing that he fell in love with the girl (dress)in a red skirt at the first sight. 10.As is known to us all,Peking University, (found)in 1898,is one of the top universities in the world. 11.There was an (excite)look on his face when the actress appeared. 12.The (pollute)river gives off a terrible smell. 13.They spent two hours discussing the plan (design)by the famous engineer. 14.The expression on his face suggested that he was not able to work out the problem.(confuse) 15.Mr.Brown's room, (fill)with all kinds of books,looks as if it is a small library. 。能力提升) 一、单项选择。 1.The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house. A.rose B.rising C.to rise D.risen 2.The island, to the mainland by a bridge,is easy to go to. A.joining B.to join C.joined D.having joined 3.Tsinghua University, in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. A.found B.founding C.founded D.to be founded 4.The players from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. A.selecting B.to select C.selected D.having selected 5.Mrs.White showed her students some old maps from the library. A.to borrow B.to be borrowed C.borrowed D.borrowing 6.So far nobody has claimed the money in the library. A.discovered B.to be discovered C.discovering D.having discovered 7.For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit on his own farm. A.grown B.being grown C.to be grown D.to grow 8.At the age of 29,Dave was a worker, in a small apartment near Boston and what to do about his future. A.living;wondering B.lived;wondering C.lived;wondered D.living;wondered 9.With the government's aid,those by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A.affect B.affecting C.affected D.were affected 10.The trees in the storm have been moved off the road. A.being blown down B.blown down C.blowing down D.to blow down 11.It is one of the funniest things on the Internet so far this year. A.finding B.being found C.to find D.found 12.The Town Hall in the 1800's was the most distinguished building at that time. A.to be completed B.having been completed C.completed D.being completed 65 13.Peter received a letter just now his grandma would come to see him soon. A.said B.says C.saying D.to say 14.“Things never come again!"I couldn't help talking to myself. A.lost B.losing C.to lose D.have lost 15.I'm calling to enquire about the position in yesterday's China Daily. A.advertised B.to be advertised C.advertising D.having advertised 二、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处 的最佳选项。 (语篇词数：327个，建议用时：17分钟) Germany is a highly developed country.Many people think its people lead a luxurious ( life.One day,my friend and I 1 a restaurant.We noticed that a young couple was having their meal.There were only two dishes and two cans of beer on their table.I wondered if such a(n)2 meal could be fine and whether the girl would leave that 3 man. As we were 4,my friend ordered more food for us.When we left,there was still about one third of the food we had ordered on the table.When we were leaving,the young man spoke to us in English.We understood that he was unhappy about us 5 so much food."We paid for our food.It is none of your 6 how much food we left behind,"my friend told him.The young man was so angry that he 7 took his phone out and made a call to someone. After a while,an officer from the Social Security()Organization arrived.Upon knowing what had happened,he gave us a￡50fine(罚款)，which8us. The officer told us in a 9 voice,"10 is yours but resources (belong to society.There are many poor people in the world who are 11 hunger.We have no 12 to waste resources. Their attitude to eating put both of us to 13.We need to correct our wrong opinion.We are from a country which is not very rich.To save face,we often think we should order more than we can eat,which 14 our friends our generosity ()We should realize that resources don't belong to a (n)15 person but they belong to everyone.We can't afford to waste them. 1.A.opened B.left C.entered D.called 2.A.simple B.cheap C.expensive D.common 3.A.gentle B.stupid C.mean D.friendly 4.A.full B.hungry C.honest D.free 5.A.ordering B.eating C.wasting D.serving 6.A.business B.power C.action D.mind 7.A.slowly B.calmly C.exactly D.immediately 8.A.worried B.upset C.surprised D.satisfied 9.A.relaxing B.serious C.grateful D.boring 10.A.Money B.Decision C.Right D.Freedom 11.A.thinking about B.bringing in C.suffering from D.getting along with 66 无敌原创·同步课时卷英语·必修第二册 12.A.use B.reason C.need D.way 13.A.shame B.trouble C.interest D.joy 14.A.returns B.shows C.lends D.passes 15.A.important B.wealthy C.single D.special 三、阅读理解阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出最佳答案。 (2022·浙江) (语篇词数：272个，建议用时：6分钟) “Oops.”Colored rice poured out and showered across the floor.“T'm sorry,”Manju told his grandmother,Nanima. Nanima made rangoli(印度传统地画艺术)every year.She would fill the drawing drawn on the floor with uncooked colored rice.This year,Manju was old enough to help.But so far,he'd only made a mess. “Don't worry,”Nanima said,smiling at him.“It takes practice.” Manju tried again.He rolled paper into a cone()and filled it with rice.He paused before cutting the tip off the cone.What if he cut too much again?Cut."It works!" After a while,Manju frowned and stopped."You're doing a good job,"Nanima said."Gaps bring bad luck.But your side looks nice and tight."Manju continued.Although he often did 为 something wrong and Nanima had to redraw it,a beautiful peacock finally appeared. Suddenly,Manju spotted a gap on Nanima's side as she left to answer the phone."I'll surprise Nanima!"He decided.However,when he reached the gap,Manju lost his balance and fell down! 牛 His proud smile disappeared."No!"He crashed down onto the rangoli,making rice everywhere. "The rangoli is ruined,"Manju apologized to Nanima. "Not if you help me,"Nanima shook her head and patted Manju's head. They picked up the rice,sorting each rice by color.Just before nightfall,they finished the rangoli. "We did it!"Manju sighed with relief.The new year felt full of good luck,thanks to Nanima and him. 1.Why did Manju pause before cutting the tip off the cone in paragraph 4? A.Because he wanted to tun to Nanima. B.Because he was afraid of failure again. C.Because he noticed a gap on the rangoli. D.Because he was not interested in making a rangoli. 2.What do we know about Manju? A.Manju ruined the peacock on purpose. B.Manju volunteered to help Nanima but finally failed. C.Manju was young and always messed all the things up. D.Manju succeeded because of Nanima's encouragement. 3.What is the best title of the passage? A.Good Luck B.A Good Team C.A Kind Grandmother D.A Special Peacock