精品解析：2026届上海市黄浦区4月二模考试高三英语试题

高三英语试卷 （完成试卷时间：105分钟 总分：115分） 第Ⅰ卷（共75分） I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. There Are No Rules for Success “It’s the Worst Time to Be a College Graduate in Years,” reads a Newsweek headline. For 22-to 30-year old computer-science graduates, employment has been falling. Why? Is it ChatGPT? Late in the economic cycle? No matter, the unwritten social contract for success that ___1___ (impress) upon you — good grades, job loyalty, retirement account — feels completely broken. It may be time to create your own job. Careers ___2___ were once safe are now risky: marketers, some programmers, maybe even lawyers. At the same time, surfing the waves of progress to ___3___ the world is headed is less risky than you think. Progress comes through surprises, not rules, with inventions no one ___4___ (think) possible. The telescope opened the skies. Gene (基因) editing was hard until Crispr technology simplified it. And it’s been less than three years ___5___ ChatGPT shocked the world with what it could do. Machine learning was researched for decades with little result, until back-propagation allowed voice and facial recognition. ___6___ of these were invented by following the rules, but by coloring outside the lines. Ignore those who tell you to take “___7___ (calculate) risks.” It’s the greatness of risk that provides the potential reward. Do you need universities? It is noted that college graduates have the same jobless rate as those who didn’t get a college degree. So why go? Since 2011, the Thiel Fellowship has paid smart young people $200,000 over two years ___8___ (build) new things instead of sitting in a classroom. I asked Peter Thiel how it was going. He pointed to more than 300 fellows who have created $750 billion ___9___ value. No one knows what’s next. The best way to predict the future is to invent it. You’ll make mistakes. You might even fail. So what? If your brain still functions, you can keep ____10____ (go) until you find success that surprises the world. There are no rules. Do your thing. Accomplish something. 【答案】1. has been impressed 2. that##which 3. where 4. thought 5. since 6. None 7. calculated 8. to build 9. in 10. going 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了在当下就业环境变化下，成功没有规则，鼓励人们创造自己的工作、勇于冒险、发明未来。 【1题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：那些潜移默化灌输给你、不成文的成功社会契约 —— 优异的成绩、对工作的忠诚、退休储蓄 —— 似乎彻底瓦解了。本空为that引导的定语从句的谓语，impress这一动作发生在过去且对现在有影响，应用现在完成时，且主语the unwritten social contract与impress为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为单数，助动词用has。故填has been impressed。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：曾经安全的职业现在也有风险：市场营销人员、一些程序员，甚至可能是律师。空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Careers，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词that或者which引导。故填that/which。 【3题详解】 考查名词性从句。句意：与此同时，顺着进步的浪潮走向世界前进的方向，其风险比你想象的要小。介词to后为宾语从句，从句缺少地点状语，用where“……的地方/方向”引导。故填where。 【4题详解】 考查时态。句意：进步是通过惊喜而非规则实现的，有些发明是人们从未想过可能的。inventions后为定语从句，本空为从句谓语，think这一动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故填thought。 【5题详解】 考查固定句型。句意：ChatGPT向世界展示其能力以来还不到三年。固定句型：It has been + 一段时间 + since...表示“自从……以来已有多久”。故填 since。 【6题详解】 考查代词。句意：这些发明都不是通过遵守规则，而是通过打破常规创造出来的。根据上文“The telescope opened the skies. Gene (基因) editing was hard until Crispr technology simplified it. And it’s been less than three years...ChatGPT shocked the world with what it could do. Machine learning was researched for decades with little result, until back-propagation allowed voice and facial recognition.”可知，上文列举了多个发明创造，句子为否定句，应用不定代词none，表示“三者及以上都不”，句首单词首字母大写。故填None。 【7题详解】 考查形容词。句意：不要理会那些让你去进行“权衡利弊的稳妥冒险”的人。本空修饰名词 risks，需用形容词calculated“精心估算的，权衡过的”，作定语。故填calculated。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：自2011年以来，Thiel奖学金在两年内向聪明的年轻人支付了20万美元，让他们创造新事物，而不是坐在教室里。本空作目的状语，应用不定式形式to build。故填to build。 【9题详解】 考查介词。句意：他指出，有300多名研究员创造了7500亿美元的价值。in value为固定短语，意为“在价值上”。故填in。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你的大脑仍然能正常运转，你可以继续前进，直到你找到让世界惊讶的成功。keep doing...为固定短语，意为“继续做……”，用动名词作宾语。故填going。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. addicted B. appreciative C. averaging D. benefits E. blinding F. briefly G. downsides H. enforced I. initially J. seeking K. urgent I Killed Color on My Phone A few months ago, I began to be worried that I was devoting too many hours to online videos. So, when I read an article about the ____11____ of switching one’s phone to a black-and-white color mode, I figured I’d give it a try. The result was shocking. The moment I switched, I no longer felt a(n) ____12____ need to look at my phone. The number of hours I spent per day on the phone dropped 40 percent, to four hours and 40 minutes per day — still embarrassingly high, but not the dizzying eight-plus hours I was ____13____. There are some small ____14____ to my black-and-white online life. Because the answer and decline buttons on my phone are both gray, I’ll sometimes hang up on a call I want to answer. Fortunately, these days, nobody minds if you just call them back. Besides, games weren’t as fun, so I started playing them on my pad and discovered that I liked the separation between work and play that it ____15____: phone for boring stuff; pad for fun. And I’ve found that whenever I return to color, even ____16____, I am desperate to turn it off again as quickly as possible. With my eyes no longer used to the brightness, I now find the phone’s colors to be too vivid, too ____17____. Two and a half months into this journey, my phone usage remains about four hours per day. And I’m pretty sure I’ll never go back to color on my phone. I feel like turning off color on my phone made me more aware and more ____18____ of the color and beauty in real life. Now that I am no longer turning to my phone for fun, I find myself ____19____ it out in other ways — reading more books, watching more movies, planning more gatherings with friends, hanging out with my kids. And those are things I do want to be ____20____ to. 【答案】11. D 12. K 13. C 14. G 15. H 16. F 17. E 18. B 19. J 20. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为克制过度刷手机，将手机调为黑白模式，最终从中获益，并发现了现实生活的美好的故事。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：所以，当我读到一篇关于将手机切换至黑白模式会带来诸多好处的文章时，我就决定试一试。根据下文“I figured I’d give it a try.(我就决定试一试)”可知，此处是指作者读到了这种模式的“好处”，所以才决定试一试。benefits表示“好处”符合句意。故选D项。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当我切换到新的模式后，我就不再有迫切想要查看手机的需求了。根据下文“I spent per day on the phone dropped 40 percent, to four hours and 40 minutes per day(我每天花在手机上的时间减少了40%，降至每天4小时40分钟)”可知，作者减少了看手机的时间，说明对看手机已经没有“迫切的”需求了。urgent表示“迫切的”符合句意。故选K项。 【13题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：我每天花在手机上的时间减少了40%，降到了每天4小时40分钟——虽然这个时间还是相当多的，但已经不再是之前我平均每天用的令人头晕的8个多小时了。根据“not the dizzying eight-plus hours(不再是令人头晕的8个多小时)”可知，此处是指之前“平均”每天8小时用手机的时间。用现在分词averaging与was搭配构成过去进行时描述故去某段时间内持续发生的动作，表示“我（当时）平均每天使用8小时”。故选C项。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：我的这种黑白分明的网络生活也有一些小小的不足之处。根据下文“Because the answer and decline buttons on my phone are both gray, I’ll sometimes hang up on a call I want to answer.(因为我的手机上接听和拒接的按钮都是灰色的，所以我有时会误挂掉本想接听的电话。)”可知，下文列举的是一些不方便的地方，所以此处用downsides表示“缺点”或“不利之处”的词。故选G项。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：此外，游戏也不再那么有趣了，于是我开始在平板电脑上玩这些游戏，并发现它所营造的工作与娱乐的界限分明的氛围让我很喜欢：手机用于处理繁琐事务；平板电脑则用于娱乐活动。根据下文“phone for boring stuff; pad for fun(手机用于处理繁琐事务；平板电脑则用于娱乐活动)”可知，这种模式“强制”或“规定”了手机和平板的不同用途。enforced是动词的过去式，意为“强制”符合句意。故选H项。 【16题详解】 考查副词。句意：我发现，每当我恢复色彩，即使是短暂的，我都迫切希望尽快再次关闭它。根据下文“I am desperate to turn it off again as quickly as possible.(我迫切希望尽快把它关掉)”可知，此处是指哪怕“短暂地”调回彩色。副词briefly表示“短暂地”符合句意。故选F项。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：由于我的眼睛不再适应强光环境了，现在我觉得手机上的色彩太过鲜艳、太过刺眼了。根据上文“With my eyes no longer used to the brightness(我的眼睛不再适应强光环境)”可知，此处是指颜色太“刺眼”。blinding表示“刺眼的”符合句意。故选E项。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我觉得关闭手机上的色彩功能让我更加敏锐地察觉到现实生活中的色彩之美，并且也更加欣赏这种美了。根据下文“the color and beauty in real life(现实生活中的色彩之美)”可知，此处是指更“欣赏”这种美。appreciative表示“欣赏的”符合句意。故选B项。 【19题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：如今我不再通过手机来消遣娱乐了，于是便开始以其他方式来寻求娱乐——读更多的书、看更多的电影、与朋友策划更多的聚会、与孩子一起玩耍。根据下文“reading more books, watching more movies, planning more gatherings with friends, hanging out with my kids.(读更多的书、看更多的电影、与朋友策划更多的聚会、与孩子一起玩耍)”可知，此处是指以其他方式“寻求”娱乐。seeking是现在分词做宾补表示“寻求”。故选J项。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：而那些正是我真正渴望沉迷其中的事物。根据上文第9题的分析可知，这些都是作者“上瘾”的事情，be addicted to是固定搭配，意为“对……上瘾”。故选A项。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Lawbreakers increasingly use generative AI to mimic (模仿) real people’s voices and cheat their loved ones out of money. And there’s a simple solution to this ____21____ problem: a code word. If you receive a call from someone who sounds just like your grandson and says he needs money, the best thing to do is hang up and call your grandson. But if the voice is so ____22____ that you can’t bear to do that, ask for your family code word. If the caller can’t produce it, hang up. ____23____, if you are in trouble and need to call a loved one for help, say the code word so your relative knows it’s really you. Here are some tips on how to create and ____24____ a family code word: .1. Keep it simple but ____25____. The code word (or phrase) should be easy to remember and something only family members would know. Lawbreakers can find out a lot about you online, including on social media and ____26____ available databases. Don’t use a word they could ____27____, such as the name of your street or pet. Instead, choose from entertaining family ____28____, like an inside joke or your baby’s first word. .2. Keep it safe. If you worry you’ll forget the code word, you could store it in a password manager. If you write it down, ____29____ the paper. .3. Keep the circle ____30____. Only share the code word with close and trusted family members, and do it in person or over the phone. The wider the circle, the riskier it gets. .4. Have a Plan B. Some families prefer to have a code question to which only a family member would know the answer. In the event that a caller could guess the right answer, have a(n) ____31____ question as well — a type of two-factor confirmation. .5. Don’t change the code word unless you need to. A ____32____ in family dynamics — such as a relative getting broken up with a mate who knew the code — could justify a change. But if you’re confident there’s no ____33____ in the circle of code-word holders, there’s no need to change it. Introducing a new word could cause ____34____, like forgetting which is the latest version. ● The warning: There are situations where a code might not be appropriate. Some people might not be able to remember the word or think to ask for one. In that case, it’s probably best to ____35____ calls by blocking unknown numbers. 21. A. age-old B. high-tech C. number-one D. substance-abuse 22. A. commanding B. convincing C. pleasant D. smooth 23. A. Consequently B. Contrarily C. Likewise D. Nevertheless 24. A. break B. issue C. manage D. pronounce 25. A. digital B. professional C. strict D. strong 26. A. commercially B. instantly C. locally D. publicly 27. A. coin B. guess C. translate D. understand 28. A. accounts B. commitments C. members D. ties 29. A. hide B. recycle C. tear D. unfold 30. A. charmed B. complete C. tight D. widening 31. A. backup B. multiple-choice C. open-ended D. specific 32. A. balance B. pattern C. presence D. shift 33. A. break B. cash C. security D. trap 34. A. confusion B. debate C. intervention D. misunderstanding 35. A. finish B. handle C. limit D. trace 【答案】21. B 22. B 23. C 24. C 25. D 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. A 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何创建和使用家庭暗号来防范高科技诈骗。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而对于这个高科技问题，有一个简单的解决方案：暗号。A. age-old古老的；B. high-tech高科技的；C. number-one第一的；D. substance-abuse滥用药物的。根据上文“Lawbreakers increasingly use generative AI to mimic (模仿) real people’s voices and cheat their loved ones out of money.”可知，违法者越来越多地使用生成式人工智能模仿真实人物的声音，骗取亲人的钱财。违法者利用高科技进行诈骗，因此这是一个高科技问题。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，如果这个声音非常逼真，让你不忍心挂断电话，那就要求对方说出你的家庭暗号。A. commanding有权威的；B. convincing逼真的，令人信服的；C. pleasant令人愉快的；D. smooth光滑的。根据上文“If you receive a call from someone who sounds just like your grandson and says he needs money, the best thing to do is hang up and call your grandson.”以及下文“that you can’t bear to do that”可知，如果你接到一个听起来就像你孙子的人打来的电话，说他需要钱，最好的办法就是挂断电话，然后给你的孙子打电话。此处指声音非常逼真，让人不忍心挂断电话。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，如果你遇到麻烦，需要打电话给亲人寻求帮助，说出暗号，这样你的亲人就知道真的是你。A. Consequently因此；B. Contrarily相反地；C. Likewise同样地；D. Nevertheless然而。根据上文“If the caller can’t produce it, hang up.”以及下文“if you are in trouble and need to call a loved one for help, say the code word so your relative knows it’s really you.”可知，前文说接到陌生可疑来电要核对暗号，此处说明自己求助时也要使用暗号，是同类情况并列。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：以下是一些关于如何创建和管理家庭暗号的建议。A. break打破；B. issue发布；C. manage管理；D. pronounce发音。根据下文“a family code word”和“Keep it simple”、“Keep it safe”、“Keep the circle______”、“Have a Plan B.”、“Don’t change the code word unless you need to”可知，下文介绍了设置、保存、保密、更换暗号等方法，属于对暗号的管理与维护。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：暗号要简洁但牢靠安全。A. digital数字的；B. professional专业的；C. strict严格的；D. strong安全的，可靠的。根据下文“Don’t use a word they could _____, such as the name of your street or pet. Instead, choose from entertaining family_____, like an inside joke or your baby’s first word.”可知，后文提示不要使用容易被破解的内容，需要兼具简单与安全性、可靠性。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：违法者可以在网上找到很多关于你的信息，包括社交媒体和公开可用的数据库。A. commercially商业上；B. instantly立即；C. locally当地；D. publicly公开地。根据上文“Lawbreakers can find out a lot about you online”可知，违法者能在网上找到很多关于你的信息，这里说社交媒体和公开可用的数据库。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要使用他们可能猜到的词，比如你所在街道的名字或宠物的名字。A. coin创造；B. guess猜测；C. translate翻译；D. understand理解。根据下文“such as the name of your street or pet”可知，此处指不要使用违法者可能猜到的词。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，从有趣的家庭故事中选择，比如一个内部笑话或你宝宝说的第一个词。A. accounts账户，故事；B. commitments承诺；C. members成员；D. ties关系。根据下文“like an inside joke or your baby’s first word”可知，内部笑话和宝宝说的第一个词都属于家庭故事，所以从有趣的家庭故事中选择暗号。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你把它写下来，把纸藏起来。A. hide隐藏；B. recycle回收；C. tear撕；D. unfold展开。根据上文“Keep it safe. If you worry you’ll forget the code word, you could store it in a password manager. If you write it down”可知，本条建议主题为保护暗号安全，写下来后需要妥善隐藏，防止泄露。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：保持圈子紧密。A. charmed着迷的；B. complete完全的；C. tight紧密的；D. widening扩大的。根据下文“Only share the code word with close and trusted family members, and do it in person or over the phone.”可知，后文说明暗号仅分享给至亲信任的家人，严控知晓人数，此处指保持圈子紧密，不要随意分享密码词。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果打电话的人能猜出正确答案，也要准备一个备用问题——一种双重确认。A. backup备用的；B. multiple-choice多项选择的；C. open-ended开放式的；D. specific具体的。根据上文“Have a Plan B. Some families prefer to have a code question to which only a family member would know the answer. In the event that a caller could guess the right answer, have a(n)”可知，此处指准备一个备用问题，以防打电话的人能猜出正确答案。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：家庭动态的变化——比如一个亲戚与知道密码的伴侣分手——可能证明有必要进行更改。A. balance平衡；B. pattern模式；C. presence存在；D. shift变化。根据下文“in family dynamics — such as a relative getting broken up with a mate who knew the code”可知，后文举例人际关系发生变化，属于家庭动态的转变与调整。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但如果你确信知晓暗号的圈子没有出现漏洞、破绽，就没必要更换暗号。A. break漏洞，破绽；B. cash现金；C. security安全；D. trap陷阱。根据上文“Don’t change the code word unless you need to. A ______ in family dynamics — such as a relative getting broken up with a mate who knew the code — could justify a change. But if you’re confident there’s no”可知，此处指掌握暗号的人员内部没有出现信息泄露、关系破裂这类破绽与漏洞，暗号不存在外泄风险，因此无需更换。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：引入一个新词可能会造成混乱，比如忘记哪个是最新版本。A. confusion混乱；B. debate辩论；C. intervention干预；D. misunderstanding误解。根据下文“like forgetting which is the latest version”可知，忘记哪个是最新版本，这说明引入新词会导致混乱。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这种情况下，最好通过屏蔽未知号码来限制通话。A. finish完成；B. handle处理；C. limit限制；D. trace追踪。根据上文“Some people might not be able to remember the word or think to ask for one.”可知，有些人可能记不住暗号或者想不到要询问暗号，对于这种情况，通过屏蔽未知号码来限制来电是比较好的做法。故选C。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. (A) Late last spring I went through a period of some personal troubles and felt I was in need of spiritual assistance. I once heard that reading a sea-themed cartoon and lifting weights would cure you, but I had already tried both, and they did not. What I wanted was a book that could offer me advice about how to live the rest of my life forever meaningfully. I remembered then, that Baruch Spinoza was often considered among the few philosophers whose work offered genuine comfort. I had long wanted to read “The Ethics,” Spinoza’s masterwork, and thought it was finally time to be calmed by him. The problem was that I knew this would be hard to achieve — the book has a reputation for being puzzling. So, I posted on my social media asking friends if they would like to join me in reading the book together. To my surprise, nearly 40 people responded. I drafted a program that lasted 10 weeks, and we were off. Nearly half the people dropped out after the first few meetings, but the rest remained committed: We met every Sunday online, often entering our meetings puzzled by Spinoza’s declarations. After an hour of discussion, we’d leave with a little more clarity. By the time we reached the final chapter of the book, our team was very excited. Union with other people, oneness with the universe, an acceptance of the paths our lives had taken — these were things that we possessed all along. I had been saved, thankfully. Why are we doing this to ourselves? None of us are academic philosophers. We have busy jobs and other pressing adult responsibilities. But the process has proved fruitful. Friendship emerges when a group dedicates itself to a task that requires great effort. Learning is both painful and pleasant — and above all, shared. I like easy things too. But slowly, I’ve noticed how modern life continuously forces us to accept far too many quick and simple easiness. And reading a difficult book is not going to change that, or anything. Still, for at least a few hours a week, I have a chance to dedicate myself, among friends, toward material that requires sincere mental devotion, and I feel the satisfying kind of exhaustion. 36. I decided to read “The Ethics” in order to ________. A. find guidance for living a purposeful life B. improve my ability to read difficult books C. give those sea-themed cartoons another try D. understand Spinoza’s philosophy more deeply 37. What does the word “thankfully” (paragraph 3) imply? A. I felt relieved by the insight gained. B. I felt grateful for the weekly meetings. C. I felt pleased with my choice of this book. D. I felt proud to lead the team through a challenge. 38. What lesson do I learn from this reading experience? A. Exhaustion places people under great pressure. B. People may find meaning in demanding activities. C. Reading books has become a luxury in modern life. D. Mental devotion improves personal communication. 39. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. Non-experts decode Spinoza’s mysteries B. “The Ethics” as a team-building challenge C. From online puzzlement to contemporary relief D. The secret to getting through big and difficult books 【答案】36. A 37. A 38. B 39. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者陷入精神困境，组队共读晦涩的哲学著作。众人历经困惑与坚持，在交流中收获感悟与治愈，明白费力的共同求索，能对抗浮躁、赋予生活深层意义。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“What I wanted was a book that could offer me advice about how to live the rest of my life forever meaningfully.(我所想要的是一本能够为我提供有关如何让余生过得有意义的建议的书)”可知，作者决定阅读《伦理学》，目的是寻找指引，以过上有意义的生活。故选A。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“After an hour of discussion, we’d leave with a little more clarity. By the time we reached the final chapter of the book, our team was very excited. Union with other people, oneness with the universe, an acceptance of the paths our lives had taken — these were things that we possessed all along. I had been saved, thankfully.(经过一个小时的讨论，我们终于有了更清晰的认识。当我们读到这本书的最后一章时，我们的团队已经非常兴奋了。与他人团结一致，与宇宙融为一体，接受我们人生所走过的道路——这些都是我们一直以来所拥有的。所幸我得到了拯救)”可知，众人领悟人生与宇宙的真谛，作者获得精神救赎，thankfully体现顿悟后的释然，暗示“我因获得的这一见解而感到宽慰”。故选A。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“But the process has proved fruitful. Friendship emerges when a group dedicates itself to a task that requires great effort. Learning is both painful and pleasant — and above all, shared.(但这一过程确实卓有成效。当一个团队全身心投入到一项需要付出巨大努力的任务中时，友谊便会悄然产生。学习既痛苦又愉悦——而且最重要的是，它是共享的)”可知，从这次阅读经历中作者了解到，人们或许能在具有挑战性的活动中找到意义。故选B。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“I like easy things too. But slowly, I’ve noticed how modern life continuously forces us to accept far too many quick and simple easiness. And reading a difficult book is not going to change that, or anything. Still, for at least a few hours a week, I have a chance to dedicate myself, among friends, toward material that requires sincere mental devotion, and I feel the satisfying kind of exhaustion.(我也喜欢简单轻松的事物。但渐渐地，我开始意识到现代生活不断地迫使我们接受太多过于肤浅和简单的轻松感。读一本难懂的书并不能改变这一点，或者任何事情。不过，每周至少有几个小时的时间里，我有机会与朋友们一起专注于那些需要全身心投入才能理解的材料，并且我感受到了那种令人满足的疲惫感)”结合文章主要说明了作者陷入精神困境，组队共读晦涩的哲学著作，众人历经困惑与坚持，在交流中收获感悟与治愈，明白费力的共同求索，能对抗浮躁、赋予生活深层意义可知，C选项“从网络上的困惑到当下的解脱”最符合文章标题。故选C。 (B) Five Stages of Brain Change Stage Age Brain Characteristics Childhood 0-9 The brain grows rapidly. Extra connections are removed to make the brain more efficient. Adolescence 9-32 Brain connections strengthen and communication between brain regions becomes faster. Adulthood 32-66 Brain activity becomes steady. Intelligence and personality remain relatively steady, too. Early Aging 66-83 White matter gradually weakens. Some brain regions form stronger groups, but they are less connected to other groups. Late Aging 83+ Connections between brain regions decrease and the brain relies on fewer pathways. 40. Which of the following descriptions about our brains is correct? A. At 60, white matter is beginning to weaken. B. At 72, brain regions become less dependent. C. At 90, distant brain areas get more connected. D. At 25, brain connections are becoming stronger. 41. The discoveries of our brains could help to explain ________. A. why brain-related conditions might arise at certain ages B. how a map of pathways that change over time can be built C. how five distinct stages work differently for different people D. why the significance of nerve fibers has long been overlooked 42. The reading material is mainly intended to ________. A. compare several brain-related diseases B. highlight how brain science benefits people C. introduce findings about brain development D. provide concrete advice for a healthy lifestyle 【答案】40. D 41. A 42. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章按年龄分为五个阶段，介绍不同时期大脑的发育、运作及衰老变化特征。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格中Adolescence对应的“9-32(9-32 岁)”、“Brain connections strengthen and communication between brain regions becomes faster.(大脑连接增强，大脑区域间的交流变得更快)”可知，25岁处于9-32岁的青春期阶段，大脑连接正变得更强。故选D。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二张图 Brain Health & Age部分的“Autism in Childhood, Mental Health Issues in Youth, Alzheimer’s in Later Life(童年时期的自闭症、青年时期的心理健康问题、晚年的老年痴呆症)”结合第一张图标题“Your Brain Ages in Five Stages(大脑分为五个阶段老化)”可知，这些发现可以解释为何大脑相关疾病会在特定年龄出现。故选A。 【42题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一张图标题“Your Brain Ages in Five Stages(大脑分为五个阶段老化)”及表格内容可知，本文主要介绍了科学家发现的大脑从出生到老年的五个主要发展阶段及其特征，目的是介绍有关大脑发育的研究发现。故选C。 (C) Since Francis Galton coined the phrase “nature vs nurture (环境因素)” 150 years ago, the debate about what makes us who we are has dominated the human sciences. Today, however, a new scientific field is set to reshape the debate — not by declaring victory for one side or the other, nor even by calling a tie, but rather by revealing they were never in opposition in the first place. Through this new perspective, nature and nurture are not even entirely distinguishable, because genes and environment don’t operate in isolation; they influence each other and to a very real degree even create each other. The new field is called sociogenomics, an integration of behavioral science and genetics. Despite being a relatively new area of study, it has the potential to rewrite a great deal of what we think we know about who we are and how we got that way. Genes don’t affect who we become just on their own, inside our bodies — they work, in part, by shaping the environments we look for or produce. At other times, the nature-nurture feedback circle may be more pernicious. It’s no surprise that terrible setbacks — the loss of a job, the end of a marriage — can cause people to fall into depression. I was astonished to learn, however, that people with a high genetic tendency for depression are more likely to encounter these setbacks, which in turn contribute to their depression. That’s not to say that any of it is their fault, just that the way we’re supported and the world we pilot are closely linked. Here is the part of this research that really blows me away. The research suggests that your partner’s genes influence your likelihood of depression almost a third as much as your own genes do. It also shows when a small number of students with a genetic tendency to smoke are present in a high school, smoking rates can rise rapidly across an entire grade — even among those students who didn’t personally know those classmates. Genes alone aren’t enough to determine these outcomes and neither is environment. Nature and nurture both shape each other, with nature influencing the way we experience nurture and nurture influencing the way our nature expresses itself. The more opportunities and information the environment provides — the more varied environments become — the greater the influence that genetic variation has in sorting us into different categories. Nature and nurture aren’t separate forces — they’re endlessly circling back on each other. 43. Prior to the emergence of sociogenomics, it was widely believed that ________. A. genes and environment functioned separately B. there was no clear line between nature and nurture C. environment shaped our perception of who we are D. nature mattered more than nurture for personal growth 44. The underlined word “pernicious” (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to “________”. A. disastrous B. generative C. pointless D. questionable 45. It can be inferred that the research shocked the writer by suggesting that ________. A. our genes may change because of the people we live with B. nature determines our behaviour just as much as nurture does C. people with the same genes are more likely to interact with each other D. the genes of people around us can affect the environment we experience 46. Which of the following pictures correctly illustrates how nature and nurture make us who we are? A. B. C. D. 【答案】43. A 44. A 45. D 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了社会基因组学这一新兴科学领域对传统“先天vs环境因素”辩论的重新定义，揭示了基因与环境之间相互影响、相互塑造的复杂关系。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Since Francis Galton coined the phrase “nature vs nurture (环境因素)” 150 years ago, the debate about what makes us who we are has dominated the human sciences.(自150年前弗朗西斯·高尔顿提出“先天与环境因素”这一说法以来，关于什么塑造了我们的争论便一直主导着人文科学领域)”、第二段中“Today, however, a new scientific field is set to reshape the debate — not by declaring victory for one side or the other, nor even by calling a tie, but rather by revealing they were never in opposition in the first place.(然而，如今一个新的科学领域即将重塑这场争论——它不是通过宣布某一方获胜，甚至也不是宣告平局，而是揭示出它们从一开始就并非对立)”和第三段中“The new field is called sociogenomics, an integration of behavioral science and genetics.(这个新领域被称为社会基因组学，是行为科学与遗传学的交叉融合)”可知，在社会基因组学出现之前，人们普遍认为先天和环境因素是对立的，即基因和环境是分开作用的。故选A项。 【44题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“At other times, the nature-nurture feedback circle may be more pernicious. It’s no surprise that terrible setbacks — the loss of a job, the end of a marriage — can cause people to fall into depression. I was astonished to learn, however, that people with a high genetic tendency for depression are more likely to encounter these setbacks, which in turn contribute to their depression.(在其他时候，先天与环境因素的反馈循环可能更pernicious。失业、婚姻破裂等可怕的挫折会导致人们陷入抑郁，这并不奇怪。然而，我惊讶地发现，那些在基因上更容易患抑郁症的人，更有可能遭遇这些挫折，而这些挫折反过来又会加重他们的抑郁)”可推知，这种先天与环境因素的反馈循环更有害的，更具有破坏性。故划线词pernicious意为“有害的；破坏性的”，与A项“disastrous”意义相近。故选A项。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Here is the part of this research that really blows me away. The research suggests that your partner’s genes influence your likelihood of depression almost a third as much as your own genes do. It also shows when a small number of students with a genetic tendency to smoke are present in a high school, smoking rates can rise rapidly across an entire grade (这项研究中真正让我震惊的是这一部分。研究表明，伴侣的基因对你患抑郁症可能性的影响几乎达到你自己基因影响的三分之一。研究还表明，当高中有少数具有吸烟遗传倾向的学生时，整个年级的吸烟率会迅速上升)”可推知，这项研究让作者感到震惊的是，我们周围人的基因可以影响我们所处的环境。故选D项。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Through this new perspective, nature and nurture are not even entirely distinguishable, because genes and environment don’t operate in isolation; they influence each other and to a very real degree even create each other.(从这个新的角度来看，先天和环境因素甚至不能完全区分，因为基因和环境并不是孤立地起作用的；它们相互影响，甚至在很大程度上相互创造)”、第六段中“Nature and nurture both shape each other, with nature influencing the way we experience nurture and nurture influencing the way our nature expresses itself. (先天与环境因素相互塑造，先天影响我们体验环境的方式，环境因素影响我们天性表达的方式)”和最后一段“Nature and nurture aren’t separate forces — they’re endlessly circling back on each other. (先天与环境因素并非两种分离的力量——它们无休止地相互循环)”可知，二者并非两种分离的力量，是相互影响，相互创造的关系。故选C项。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. These Beautiful Birds Form Something Like Lasting Friendships True friends, most people would agree, are there for each other. Sometimes it means helping each other move. Sometimes that means offering emotional support. And if you’re a superb starling, it means stuffing small insects down the throats of your friends’ children, secure in the expectation that they will eventually do the same for yours. Superb starlings are distinguishing among animals that breed (繁殖) cooperatively. ____47____ New parents rely on up to 16 helpers, which bring chicks extra food and help run off killers. Dr. Rubenstein’s lab has maintained a 20-year field study of the species that included 40 breeding seasons. ____48____ When Dr. Earl, then a graduate student in the lab, began analyzing the data, she and her team were not shocked to see that birds largely helped relatives, the way an aunt or uncle may temporarily come to babysit and give parents a break. ____49____ Birds new to the group helped those born within it, and the opposite was also true. And because superb starlings often switch between breeding and helping roles, the team found that individual birds that helped non-relatives one breeding season later had their good deeds repaid, sometimes repeatedly. “The starlings are consistently investing in the same preferred social partners over their lives,” Dr. Earl said. “To me, that sounds like friendship.” And today, as many experts worry about a widespread of human loneliness, there could be value in learning lessons from the superb starling. ____50____ But maybe don’t offer to stuff small insects down the mouths of your friends’ kids. Luckily, you can always offer to babysit. A. Their groups mix family groups with settlers from other groups. B. In other words, strong relationships are often built from providing help. C. Scientists have long known that social animals usually put blood relatives first. D. But to their surprise, they found that starlings also helped non-relatives, including when they might have helped family instead. E. The behavior of superb starlings also suggests that sustaining these sorts of relationships with unrelated fellows benefits everybody. F. It has recorded thousands of interactions between hundreds of the birds and collected DNA to examine their biological relationships. 【答案】47. A 48. F 49. D 50. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了丽椋鸟间会形成类似友谊的关系，它们会互相帮助，包括帮助非亲属。 【47题详解】 由上文“Superb starlings are distinguishing among animals that breed (繁殖) cooperatively.(丽椋鸟在合作繁殖的动物中是与众不同的)”及下文“New parents rely on up to 16 helpers, which bring chicks extra food and help run off killers.(新父母依赖多达16个帮手，它们给雏鸟带来额外的食物，并帮助赶走捕食者)”可知，上文说明了丽椋鸟与众不同，下文具体说明了其与众不同之处，即新父母依赖多达16个帮手，本空应说明丽椋鸟的群体构成情况，A选项“Their groups mix family groups with settlers from other groups.(它们的群体混合了家庭群体和其他群体的定居者)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选A。 【48题详解】 由上文“Dr. Rubenstein’s lab has maintained a 20-year field study of the species that included 40 breeding seasons.(Rubenstein博士的实验室对该物种进行了20年的实地研究，包括40个繁殖季节)”及下文“When Dr. Earl, then a graduate student in the lab, began analyzing the data, she and her team were not shocked to see that birds largely helped relatives, the way an aunt or uncle may temporarily come to babysit and give parents a break.(当时还是实验室研究生的Earl博士开始分析数据时，她和她的团队并不惊讶地发现，鸟类在很大程度上帮助了亲属，就像叔叔或阿姨可能会暂时来照顾孩子，让父母休息一下)”可知，上文说明了Rubenstein博士的实验室对该物种进行了长时间的研究，下文具体说明了研究的数据分析结果，本空应说明研究记录了哪些数据，F选项“It has recorded thousands of interactions between hundreds of the birds and collected DNA to examine their biological relationships.(它记录了数百只鸟之间的数千次互动，并收集了DNA来检查它们的生物关系)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选F。 【49题详解】 由上文“When Dr. Earl, then a graduate student in the lab, began analyzing the data, she and her team were not shocked to see that birds largely helped relatives, the way an aunt or uncle may temporarily come to babysit and give parents a break.(当时还是实验室研究生的Earl博士开始分析数据时，她和她的团队并不惊讶地发现，鸟类在很大程度上帮助了亲属，就像叔叔或阿姨可能会暂时来照顾孩子，让父母休息一下)”及下文“Birds new to the group helped those born within it, and the opposite was also true.(新加入群体的鸟类会帮助群体内出生的鸟类，反之亦然)”可知，上文说明了鸟类在很大程度上帮助了亲属，下文具体说明了鸟类也会帮助非亲属，本空应与上文形成转折关系，引出下文内容，D选项“But to their surprise, they found that starlings also helped non-relatives, including when they might have helped family instead.(但令他们惊讶的是，他们发现丽椋鸟也会帮助非亲属，包括在它们可能会帮助家庭成员的情况下)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选D。 【50题详解】 由上一段的“And because superb starlings often switch between breeding and helping roles, the team found that individual birds that helped non-relatives one breeding season later had their good deeds repaid, sometimes repeatedly.(而且由于出色的椋鸟常常在繁殖期和协助期之间转换角色，研究团队发现，在一个繁殖季节里帮助过非亲属的个体鸟，其善举会得到回报，有时这种回报还会反复出现。)”以及上文“And today, as many experts worry about a widespread of human loneliness, there could be value in learning lessons from the superb starling.(如今，许多专家担心人类孤独感的蔓延，从丽椋鸟身上学习经验可能很有价值)”可知，上文说明了从丽椋鸟身上学习经验可能对解决人类孤独感有价值，丽椋鸟的行为给人们的启示，建立并维持与无关同伴的这种关系对所有成员都有好处。B选项“In other words, strong relationships are often built from providing help.(换句话说，牢固的关系往往建立在互相帮助的基础上。)”承接前文，符合语境。故选B。 Ⅲ. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Battle to Keep Consumers Means Smaller Packs of Cookies and Chips Snack and drink in very small sizes are hitting store shelves as brands try to keep stretched consumers buying with lower-price options. PepsiCo now sells Lay’s potato chips in half a dozen different-sized bags, costing from around 50 cents to roughly $5. And Mondelez International has six different Milka chocolate bar sizes with prices from under $1 to $6. Food, drink and consumer-product companies are hoping that a wider range of shrunken size options can boost overall sales volumes, which have been pressured in recent quarters. Smaller-size offerings also tend to have higher profit margins (利润率). “Consumers are going into small pack sizes to make the best use of their budget,” said Mondelez Finance Chief Luca Zaramella. “The $3, $4 as opposed to the $6, $7, particularly in snacks, are becoming a clear center of gravity.” Consumer-goods companies have long tailored packaging for cookies, chips and other items to a range of factors: on-the-go or lunch snacking, portion control, affordability. The last one, however, critical in emerging markets for years, has recently become more important in the U.S. Still, offering more package sizes may create some problems. In some cases, consumers clearly see they are getting less — fewer potato chips, cookies, for instance — but not a correspondingly lower price, an approach known as shrinkflation that has annoyed shoppers in recent years. Another difficulty is that just as some brands expand their product listings, retailers (零售商) are working to reduce the number of products on their shelves — intensifying the already harsh competition for shelf space. Companies want the single-serve option to attract consumers, but they also want the multipack and several options to drive volumes, said Bonnie Herzog, a senior analyst at Goldman Sachs. “But there’s only so much space for some of these categories,” she said. “And it’s harder to come by.” _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 To retain budget-stretched consumers, snack and drink brands like PepsiCo and Mondelez are launching a wider range of small-sized products. These offerings aim to lift sales volumes and enjoy higher profit margins, with affordable options growing in importance even in the U.S. Yet they face challenges: consumer frustration over shrinkflation and intensified competition for limited retail shelf space. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了零食饮料品牌推出小包装产品以留住消费者，虽能提升销量和利润，但也面临缩水式通胀引发消费者不满、货架空间竞争加剧等问题。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Snack and drink in very small sizes are hitting store shelves as brands try to keep stretched consumers buying with lower-price options. ②Food, drink and consumer-product companies are hoping that a wider range of shrunken size options can boost overall sales volumes, which have been pressured in recent quarters. Smaller-size offerings also tend to have higher profit margins (利润率). ③The last one, however, critical in emerging markets for years, has recently become more important in the U.S. ④In some cases, consumers clearly see they are getting less — fewer potato chips, cookies, for instance — but not a correspondingly lower price, an approach known as shrinkflation that has annoyed shoppers in recent years. ⑤Another difficulty is that just as some brands expand their product listings, retailers (零售商) are working to reduce the number of products on their shelves — intensifying the already harsh competition for shelf space. 2. 缜密构思 先以要点①引出品牌推出小包装产品的背景；整合要点②③说明此举目的和市场趋势；最后结合要点④⑤阐述面临的两大挑战。 3. 遣词造句 To retain budget-stretched consumers, snack and drink brands like PepsiCo and Mondelez are launching a wider range of small-sized products. These offerings aim to lift sales volumes and enjoy higher profit margins, with affordable options growing in importance even in the U.S. Yet they face challenges: consumer frustration over shrinkflation and intensified competition for limited retail shelf space. 【点睛】[高分句型1] To retain budget-stretched consumers, snack and drink brands like PepsiCo and Mondelez are launching a wider range of small-sized products. (运用动词不定式作目的状语) [高分句型2] These offerings aim to lift sales volumes and enjoy higher profit margins, with affordable options growing in importance even in the U.S. (运用with复合结构作伴随状语) 第Ⅱ卷（共40分） IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 良好的沟通在任何关系中都很重要。(role) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Good communication plays an important role in any relationship. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语、时态和主谓一致。表示“良好的沟通”用good communication，作句子主语，句首单词首字母大写；表示“在……中起重要作用”用play an important role in，该句陈述的是客观事实，时态为一般现在时，主语good communication为第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式plays；表示“在任何关系中”用in any relationship。故翻译为Good communication plays an important role in any relationship. 53. 建这座桥是一项复杂的工作，花费了数年时间才完成。(which) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Building the bridge is a complex task, which took years to complete. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句、非谓语动词。表示“建这座桥”用build the bridge，用动名词形式作主语；表示“是一项复杂的工作”用be a complex task，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，句子描述的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，be动词用is；表示“花费了数年时间才完成”用take years to complete，用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，take这一动作发生在过去，从句时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故翻译为Building the bridge is a complex task, which took years to complete. 54. 脚踏实地地走好每一步，祝大家都能站在自己曾经幻想了无数次的未来里。(dream) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Take every step in a down-to-earth manner, and may you all stand in the future that/which you’ve dreamed of countless times before. 【解析】 【详解】考查祈使句、定语从句、固定短语。表示“以……的方式做……”用take...in a...manner，表示“脚踏实地的”用down-to-earth；表示“脚踏实地地走好每一步”用take every step in a down-to-earth manner，本句用祈使句，以动词原形开头，句首单词，首字母大写。表示“祝大家”，用may you all；表示“站在未来里”用stand in the future；表示“祝大家都能站在未来里”用and may you all stand in the future 。表示“自己曾经幻想了无数次的”用定语从句you’ve dreamed of countless times before，修饰先行词the future，关系词在从句中作宾语，用关系代词that/which引导。故翻译为Take every step in a down-to-earth manner, and may you all stand in the future that/which you’ve dreamed of countless times before. 55. 你可能不是拯救世界的超级英雄，但你可以是那个在朋友难过时听他倾诉一小时的人，是那个哪怕生活艰难仍然认真做饭的人。(or) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】You may not be a superhero who saves the world, but you can be the one who listens to a friend for an hour when he is sad, or the one who still cooks carefully even though life is tough. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句、时间状语从句、让步状语从句。表示“你”用you，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“可能不是”用may not be，may为情态动词。表示“一个超级英雄”用a superhero，表示“拯救世界的”用定语从句，修饰先行词superhero，关系词在从句中作主语，用who引导，从句用who saves the world。表示“但是”用but，连接两个并列的句子。表示“你可以是”用you can be。表示“那个人”用the one，作表语。表示“当他悲伤时”用时间状语从句when he is sad。表示“在朋友难过时听他倾诉一小时的”用定语从句，修饰先行词the one，关系词在从句中作主语，用who引导，从句用who listens to a friend for an hour when he is sad。表示“那个哪怕生活艰难仍然认真做饭的人”用the one who still cooks carefully even though life is tough，其中who still cooks carefully是定语从句，修饰先行词the one，even though life is tough是让步状语从句。the one who listens to a friend for an hour when he is sad与the one who still cooks carefully even though life is tough为选择关系，用or连接。故翻译为：You may not be a superhero who saves the world, but you can be the one who listens to a friend for an hour when he is sad, or the one who still cooks carefully even though life is tough. V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明。高考结束后，你打算和好朋友们一起进行一次为期三天的毕业旅行。但王方不想外出，他觉得完全可以借助网络和AI技术实现云旅游。写一封邮件说服他加入。在邮件中，你必须（邮件内请不要出现真实的校名和人名）： 1）邀请他加入此次毕业旅行； 2）通过比较实地旅行和云旅游，详细阐述你选择前者的理由（至少2个）。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Wang Fang, I hope you’re doing well! Our friends and I are planning a three-day graduation trip after the exams, and we’d love for you to come. I know you think cloud tourism is enough, but let me explain why real travel is better. First, real places have details that screens miss. For example, when we visit the mountains which we’ve talked about for years, the fresh air and the feel of rocks under our feet make the experience unique — something AI can’t copy. Second, traveling together creates memories that last. What makes graduation special is the people we share it with, not just the sights. The jokes we’ll tell and the challenges we’ll face will bond us forever. This trip is our last chance to celebrate high school as a group. Let’s make it unforgettable! Looking forward to your reply! Yours, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以高三学生身份写一封说服性邮件，通过比较实地旅行与云旅游的差异，邀请朋友加入毕业旅行。 【详解】1.词汇积累 计划：plan → intend 独特的：unique → distinctive 创造：create → generate 足够的：enough → sufficient 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：What makes graduation special is the people we share it with, not just the sights. 拓展句：What makes graduation special is not just the sights, but the people with whom we share it. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I know you think cloud tourism is enough, but let me explain why real travel is better. (运用了省略引导词that的宾语从句、why引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】What makes graduation special is the people we share it with, not just the sights. (运用了What引导的主语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高三英语试卷 （完成试卷时间：105分钟 总分：115分） 第Ⅰ卷（共75分） I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. There Are No Rules for Success “It’s the Worst Time to Be a College Graduate in Years,” reads a Newsweek headline. For 22-to 30-year old computer-science graduates, employment has been falling. Why? Is it ChatGPT? Late in the economic cycle? No matter, the unwritten social contract for success that ___1___ (impress) upon you — good grades, job loyalty, retirement account — feels completely broken. It may be time to create your own job. Careers ___2___ were once safe are now risky: marketers, some programmers, maybe even lawyers. At the same time, surfing the waves of progress to ___3___ the world is headed is less risky than you think. Progress comes through surprises, not rules, with inventions no one ___4___ (think) possible. The telescope opened the skies. Gene (基因) editing was hard until Crispr technology simplified it. And it’s been less than three years ___5___ ChatGPT shocked the world with what it could do. Machine learning was researched for decades with little result, until back-propagation allowed voice and facial recognition. ___6___ of these were invented by following the rules, but by coloring outside the lines. Ignore those who tell you to take “___7___ (calculate) risks.” It’s the greatness of risk that provides the potential reward. Do you need universities? It is noted that college graduates have the same jobless rate as those who didn’t get a college degree. So why go? Since 2011, the Thiel Fellowship has paid smart young people $200,000 over two years ___8___ (build) new things instead of sitting in a classroom. I asked Peter Thiel how it was going. He pointed to more than 300 fellows who have created $750 billion ___9___ value. No one knows what’s next. The best way to predict the future is to invent it. You’ll make mistakes. You might even fail. So what? If your brain still functions, you can keep ____10____ (go) until you find success that surprises the world. There are no rules. Do your thing. Accomplish something. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. addicted B. appreciative C. averaging D. benefits E. blinding F. briefly G. downsides H. enforced I. initially J. seeking K. urgent I Killed Color on My Phone A few months ago, I began to be worried that I was devoting too many hours to online videos. So, when I read an article about the ____11____ of switching one’s phone to a black-and-white color mode, I figured I’d give it a try. The result was shocking. The moment I switched, I no longer felt a(n) ____12____ need to look at my phone. The number of hours I spent per day on the phone dropped 40 percent, to four hours and 40 minutes per day — still embarrassingly high, but not the dizzying eight-plus hours I was ____13____. There are some small ____14____ to my black-and-white online life. Because the answer and decline buttons on my phone are both gray, I’ll sometimes hang up on a call I want to answer. Fortunately, these days, nobody minds if you just call them back. Besides, games weren’t as fun, so I started playing them on my pad and discovered that I liked the separation between work and play that it ____15____: phone for boring stuff; pad for fun. And I’ve found that whenever I return to color, even ____16____, I am desperate to turn it off again as quickly as possible. With my eyes no longer used to the brightness, I now find the phone’s colors to be too vivid, too ____17____. Two and a half months into this journey, my phone usage remains about four hours per day. And I’m pretty sure I’ll never go back to color on my phone. I feel like turning off color on my phone made me more aware and more ____18____ of the color and beauty in real life. Now that I am no longer turning to my phone for fun, I find myself ____19____ it out in other ways — reading more books, watching more movies, planning more gatherings with friends, hanging out with my kids. And those are things I do want to be ____20____ to. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Lawbreakers increasingly use generative AI to mimic (模仿) real people’s voices and cheat their loved ones out of money. And there’s a simple solution to this ____21____ problem: a code word. If you receive a call from someone who sounds just like your grandson and says he needs money, the best thing to do is hang up and call your grandson. But if the voice is so ____22____ that you can’t bear to do that, ask for your family code word. If the caller can’t produce it, hang up. ____23____, if you are in trouble and need to call a loved one for help, say the code word so your relative knows it’s really you. Here are some tips on how to create and ____24____ a family code word: .1. Keep it simple but ____25____. The code word (or phrase) should be easy to remember and something only family members would know. Lawbreakers can find out a lot about you online, including on social media and ____26____ available databases. Don’t use a word they could ____27____, such as the name of your street or pet. Instead, choose from entertaining family ____28____, like an inside joke or your baby’s first word. .2. Keep it safe. If you worry you’ll forget the code word, you could store it in a password manager. If you write it down, ____29____ the paper. .3. Keep the circle ____30____. Only share the code word with close and trusted family members, and do it in person or over the phone. The wider the circle, the riskier it gets. .4. Have a Plan B. Some families prefer to have a code question to which only a family member would know the answer. In the event that a caller could guess the right answer, have a(n) ____31____ question as well — a type of two-factor confirmation. .5. Don’t change the code word unless you need to. A ____32____ in family dynamics — such as a relative getting broken up with a mate who knew the code — could justify a change. But if you’re confident there’s no ____33____ in the circle of code-word holders, there’s no need to change it. Introducing a new word could cause ____34____, like forgetting which is the latest version. ● The warning: There are situations where a code might not be appropriate. Some people might not be able to remember the word or think to ask for one. In that case, it’s probably best to ____35____ calls by blocking unknown numbers. 21. A. age-old B. high-tech C. number-one D. substance-abuse 22. A. commanding B. convincing C. pleasant D. smooth 23. A. Consequently B. Contrarily C. Likewise D. Nevertheless 24. A. break B. issue C. manage D. pronounce 25. A. digital B. professional C. strict D. strong 26. A. commercially B. instantly C. locally D. publicly 27. A. coin B. guess C. translate D. understand 28. A. accounts B. commitments C. members D. ties 29. A. hide B. recycle C. tear D. unfold 30. A. charmed B. complete C. tight D. widening 31. A. backup B. multiple-choice C. open-ended D. specific 32. A. balance B. pattern C. presence D. shift 33. A. break B. cash C. security D. trap 34. A. confusion B. debate C. intervention D. misunderstanding 35. A. finish B. handle C. limit D. trace Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. (A) Late last spring I went through a period of some personal troubles and felt I was in need of spiritual assistance. I once heard that reading a sea-themed cartoon and lifting weights would cure you, but I had already tried both, and they did not. What I wanted was a book that could offer me advice about how to live the rest of my life forever meaningfully. I remembered then, that Baruch Spinoza was often considered among the few philosophers whose work offered genuine comfort. I had long wanted to read “The Ethics,” Spinoza’s masterwork, and thought it was finally time to be calmed by him. The problem was that I knew this would be hard to achieve — the book has a reputation for being puzzling. So, I posted on my social media asking friends if they would like to join me in reading the book together. To my surprise, nearly 40 people responded. I drafted a program that lasted 10 weeks, and we were off. Nearly half the people dropped out after the first few meetings, but the rest remained committed: We met every Sunday online, often entering our meetings puzzled by Spinoza’s declarations. After an hour of discussion, we’d leave with a little more clarity. By the time we reached the final chapter of the book, our team was very excited. Union with other people, oneness with the universe, an acceptance of the paths our lives had taken — these were things that we possessed all along. I had been saved, thankfully. Why are we doing this to ourselves? None of us are academic philosophers. We have busy jobs and other pressing adult responsibilities. But the process has proved fruitful. Friendship emerges when a group dedicates itself to a task that requires great effort. Learning is both painful and pleasant — and above all, shared. I like easy things too. But slowly, I’ve noticed how modern life continuously forces us to accept far too many quick and simple easiness. And reading a difficult book is not going to change that, or anything. Still, for at least a few hours a week, I have a chance to dedicate myself, among friends, toward material that requires sincere mental devotion, and I feel the satisfying kind of exhaustion. 36. I decided to read “The Ethics” in order to ________. A. find guidance for living a purposeful life B. improve my ability to read difficult books C. give those sea-themed cartoons another try D. understand Spinoza’s philosophy more deeply 37. What does the word “thankfully” (paragraph 3) imply? A. I felt relieved by the insight gained. B. I felt grateful for the weekly meetings. C. I felt pleased with my choice of this book. D. I felt proud to lead the team through a challenge. 38. What lesson do I learn from this reading experience? A. Exhaustion places people under great pressure. B. People may find meaning in demanding activities. C. Reading books has become a luxury in modern life. D. Mental devotion improves personal communication. 39. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. Non-experts decode Spinoza’s mysteries B. “The Ethics” as a team-building challenge C. From online puzzlement to contemporary relief D. The secret to getting through big and difficult books (B) Five Stages of Brain Change Stage Age Brain Characteristics Childhood 0-9 The brain grows rapidly. Extra connections are removed to make the brain more efficient. Adolescence 9-32 Brain connections strengthen and communication between brain regions becomes faster. Adulthood 32-66 Brain activity becomes steady. Intelligence and personality remain relatively steady, too. Early Aging 66-83 White matter gradually weakens. Some brain regions form stronger groups, but they are less connected to other groups. Late Aging 83+ Connections between brain regions decrease and the brain relies on fewer pathways. 40. Which of the following descriptions about our brains is correct? A. At 60, white matter is beginning to weaken. B. At 72, brain regions become less dependent. C. At 90, distant brain areas get more connected. D. At 25, brain connections are becoming stronger. 41. The discoveries of our brains could help to explain ________. A. why brain-related conditions might arise at certain ages B. how a map of pathways that change over time can be built C. how five distinct stages work differently for different people D. why the significance of nerve fibers has long been overlooked 42. The reading material is mainly intended to ________. A. compare several brain-related diseases B. highlight how brain science benefits people C. introduce findings about brain development D. provide concrete advice for a healthy lifestyle (C) Since Francis Galton coined the phrase “nature vs nurture (环境因素)” 150 years ago, the debate about what makes us who we are has dominated the human sciences. Today, however, a new scientific field is set to reshape the debate — not by declaring victory for one side or the other, nor even by calling a tie, but rather by revealing they were never in opposition in the first place. Through this new perspective, nature and nurture are not even entirely distinguishable, because genes and environment don’t operate in isolation; they influence each other and to a very real degree even create each other. The new field is called sociogenomics, an integration of behavioral science and genetics. Despite being a relatively new area of study, it has the potential to rewrite a great deal of what we think we know about who we are and how we got that way. Genes don’t affect who we become just on their own, inside our bodies — they work, in part, by shaping the environments we look for or produce. At other times, the nature-nurture feedback circle may be more pernicious. It’s no surprise that terrible setbacks — the loss of a job, the end of a marriage — can cause people to fall into depression. I was astonished to learn, however, that people with a high genetic tendency for depression are more likely to encounter these setbacks, which in turn contribute to their depression. That’s not to say that any of it is their fault, just that the way we’re supported and the world we pilot are closely linked. Here is the part of this research that really blows me away. The research suggests that your partner’s genes influence your likelihood of depression almost a third as much as your own genes do. It also shows when a small number of students with a genetic tendency to smoke are present in a high school, smoking rates can rise rapidly across an entire grade — even among those students who didn’t personally know those classmates. Genes alone aren’t enough to determine these outcomes and neither is environment. Nature and nurture both shape each other, with nature influencing the way we experience nurture and nurture influencing the way our nature expresses itself. The more opportunities and information the environment provides — the more varied environments become — the greater the influence that genetic variation has in sorting us into different categories. Nature and nurture aren’t separate forces — they’re endlessly circling back on each other. 43. Prior to the emergence of sociogenomics, it was widely believed that ________. A. genes and environment functioned separately B. there was no clear line between nature and nurture C. environment shaped our perception of who we are D. nature mattered more than nurture for personal growth 44. The underlined word “pernicious” (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to “________”. A. disastrous B. generative C. pointless D. questionable 45. It can be inferred that the research shocked the writer by suggesting that ________. A. our genes may change because of the people we live with B. nature determines our behaviour just as much as nurture does C. people with the same genes are more likely to interact with each other D. the genes of people around us can affect the environment we experience 46. Which of the following pictures correctly illustrates how nature and nurture make us who we are? A. B. C. D. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. These Beautiful Birds Form Something Like Lasting Friendships True friends, most people would agree, are there for each other. Sometimes it means helping each other move. Sometimes that means offering emotional support. And if you’re a superb starling, it means stuffing small insects down the throats of your friends’ children, secure in the expectation that they will eventually do the same for yours. Superb starlings are distinguishing among animals that breed (繁殖) cooperatively. ____47____ New parents rely on up to 16 helpers, which bring chicks extra food and help run off killers. Dr. Rubenstein’s lab has maintained a 20-year field study of the species that included 40 breeding seasons. ____48____ When Dr. Earl, then a graduate student in the lab, began analyzing the data, she and her team were not shocked to see that birds largely helped relatives, the way an aunt or uncle may temporarily come to babysit and give parents a break. ____49____ Birds new to the group helped those born within it, and the opposite was also true. And because superb starlings often switch between breeding and helping roles, the team found that individual birds that helped non-relatives one breeding season later had their good deeds repaid, sometimes repeatedly. “The starlings are consistently investing in the same preferred social partners over their lives,” Dr. Earl said. “To me, that sounds like friendship.” And today, as many experts worry about a widespread of human loneliness, there could be value in learning lessons from the superb starling. ____50____ But maybe don’t offer to stuff small insects down the mouths of your friends’ kids. Luckily, you can always offer to babysit. A. Their groups mix family groups with settlers from other groups. B. In other words, strong relationships are often built from providing help. C. Scientists have long known that social animals usually put blood relatives first. D. But to their surprise, they found that starlings also helped non-relatives, including when they might have helped family instead. E. The behavior of superb starlings also suggests that sustaining these sorts of relationships with unrelated fellows benefits everybody. F. It has recorded thousands of interactions between hundreds of the birds and collected DNA to examine their biological relationships. Ⅲ. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Battle to Keep Consumers Means Smaller Packs of Cookies and Chips Snack and drink in very small sizes are hitting store shelves as brands try to keep stretched consumers buying with lower-price options. PepsiCo now sells Lay’s potato chips in half a dozen different-sized bags, costing from around 50 cents to roughly $5. And Mondelez International has six different Milka chocolate bar sizes with prices from under $1 to $6. Food, drink and consumer-product companies are hoping that a wider range of shrunken size options can boost overall sales volumes, which have been pressured in recent quarters. Smaller-size offerings also tend to have higher profit margins (利润率). “Consumers are going into small pack sizes to make the best use of their budget,” said Mondelez Finance Chief Luca Zaramella. “The $3, $4 as opposed to the $6, $7, particularly in snacks, are becoming a clear center of gravity.” Consumer-goods companies have long tailored packaging for cookies, chips and other items to a range of factors: on-the-go or lunch snacking, portion control, affordability. The last one, however, critical in emerging markets for years, has recently become more important in the U.S. Still, offering more package sizes may create some problems. In some cases, consumers clearly see they are getting less — fewer potato chips, cookies, for instance — but not a correspondingly lower price, an approach known as shrinkflation that has annoyed shoppers in recent years. Another difficulty is that just as some brands expand their product listings, retailers (零售商) are working to reduce the number of products on their shelves — intensifying the already harsh competition for shelf space. Companies want the single-serve option to attract consumers, but they also want the multipack and several options to drive volumes, said Bonnie Herzog, a senior analyst at Goldman Sachs. “But there’s only so much space for some of these categories,” she said. “And it’s harder to come by.” _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第Ⅱ卷（共40分） IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 良好的沟通在任何关系中都很重要。(role) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 建这座桥是一项复杂的工作，花费了数年时间才完成。(which) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 脚踏实地地走好每一步，祝大家都能站在自己曾经幻想了无数次的未来里。(dream) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 你可能不是拯救世界的超级英雄，但你可以是那个在朋友难过时听他倾诉一小时的人，是那个哪怕生活艰难仍然认真做饭的人。(or) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明。高考结束后，你打算和好朋友们一起进行一次为期三天的毕业旅行。但王方不想外出，他觉得完全可以借助网络和AI技术实现云旅游。写一封邮件说服他加入。在邮件中，你必须（邮件内请不要出现真实的校名和人名）： 1）邀请他加入此次毕业旅行； 2）通过比较实地旅行和云旅游，详细阐述你选择前者的理由（至少2个）。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $