专题04 阅读理解（议论文+新闻报道）（全国通用）2026年高考英语一模分类汇编

专题04 阅读理解（议论文+新闻报道） 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （2026·北京房山·一模） The National Theatre, London, has announced an exciting lineup for its 2026season, bringing a dynamic mix of new productions, timeless classics, and international collaborations. The theatre will open the year with Emerald City, originally created by Australian playwright David Williamson in 1987. Director Thomas Cuisse says, “The surface of society might change, but human nature doesn’t. This play offers a deep exploration of an artist’s inner struggle which will touch audiences everywhere.” Thunderstorm, written by Cao Yu and one of the most iconic Chinese plays of the 20th century, will be staged in June. It is part of the theatre’s ongoing effort to promote classic Chinese theatrical works. The summer will also bring Romeo and Juliet to a small theatre, with a modern twist. The theatre’s young artists reimagine Shakespeare’s classic through a modern lens, adding youthful energy. In addition, the year will see the return of Hamlet in August and The Daffodils in September. The latter will be presented in grand poetic style, exploring the intersection of art, poetry and history. This year, the theatre continues to increase collaboration with major cultural hubs. “We’re working to build stronger relationships with the international community,” says Rufus Norris, Artistic Director. The first such collaboration will be Farewell My Concubine, co-produced with Shanghai Dramatic Arts Centre, which will be streamed globally online. In 2026, the theatre will continue to engage younger audiences and expand its public cultural services through programs like “youth blossoms”, which allows university students to create and stage their own work. Moreover, the theatre is embracing technology to reach a broader audience by adapting several productions into film and digital formats, allowing more people to experience the theatre’s performances online. 1. Which drama displays young artists’ adaptation? A. Emerald City. B. Hamlet. C. Thunderstorm. D. Romeo and Juliet. 2. What can we learn about the National Theatre’s plays? A. The Daffodils focuses on history of poetry. B. Farewell My Concubine will be live on TV. C. Hamlet will be presented again in the theatre. D. Emerald City explores audiences’ inner struggle. 3. The main purpose of the passage is to ________. A. highlight the theatre’s cultural cooperation B. help the theatre attract young audiences C. introduce the theatre’s classic plays D. cover the theatre’s new season Passage 2 （2026·河南濮阳·一模） If you’re the parent of a child or teenager, you may want to learn about social psychologist Jonathan Haidt, or at the very least his wildly influential book, The Anxious Generation. In sum, the book argues that the rise of smartphones and social media over the past decade and a half has rewired the brains of young people, leading to a mental health crisis. Haidt’s arguments and approach have been challenged by critics (批评者), many of whom point out that his work doesn’t refer to the many other potential factors at play affecting mental health. Yet, The Anxious Generation has undeniably had a significant impact. Haidt is leading a movement, which we have already seen translate into legislation (立法) in many states around the U.S. limiting the use of phones in schools. As the parent of a 10-year-old and a 14-year-old, I can say that not a week has gone by in nearly a decade that the use of certain forms of technology and their applications (iPhones, Chromebooks and tablets; video games, social media and YouTube) hasn’t led to some form of argument or disagreement. It’s not that these technologies are all bad, but their addictive design, and the lack of cultural norms and especially regulations around such devices, have shaped people’s use of them in often damaging and destructive ways. Endless elements of day-to-day life, including learning and socialization especially for young people, have been negatively impacted. While it is often exciting to have the world at your fingertips — my teenager has learned how to handmake pasta with the help of online videos, and I have happily spent precious hours online watching interviews of some of my favorite writers — it’s hard to deny the increasing losses when real-life trial-and-error gives way to passive viewing. For many, the balance is clearly off. What seems especially amazing about The Anxious Generation is that it can get people thinking more critically about the products that shape their everyday lives. The book feels like an important antidote (良方) to the daily pull and messaging of the online world. 1. What do many critics say about The Anxious Generation? A. It has underestimated the impact of social media. B. It has led to unnecessary legislation in many states. C. It has placed too much blame on technology companies. D. It has ignored other possible causes of mental health issues. 2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Various types of social media. B. Negative impacts of technologies. C. Unwise ways to use smartphones. D. Conflicts between parents and kids. 3. What does the author mean by “the balance is clearly off” in paragraph 4? A. Schools are not doing enough to limit phone use. B. Technology companies refuse to change their designs. C. Passive screen time has replaced real-life experiences. D. Parents are losing control of their kids’ online activities. 4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend a book. B. To criticize a view in a book. C. To share parenting challenges. D. To introduce the history of technology. Passage 3 （2026·湖南长郡·一模） Home letter collector Zhang Ding, in his 60s, once collected a set of battlefield home letters from the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Touched by the firm family and country feelings in the letters, as well as the precious records of soldiers’ daily life in the 1930s, when most of China was suffering from the flames of war, he made every effort to collect and preserve the complete set of 36 letters. Later, he confirmed from the envelopes and signatures that the letters were written by Fang Dazeng, an influential war correspondent and patriotic youth in the early 20th century. Some of the letters, together with other collections from home letter collectors across China, were displayed in Letters from the Front: Memories of the War of Resistance — an exhibition held from September 18 to 24, as a part of the 2025 Beijing International Culture Festival. The exhibition showed more than 80 pieces of collections, recording the real lives of Chinese soldiers and people in the rear area during the 1930s. Lin Yue, the chief curator of the exhibition, regards such letters as more than just old collections. They record how ordinary Chinese people stuck to their faith and guarded their home in hard times. “Nearly a century ago, people in different parts of China faced the same hardship, yet knew little about the stories of those fighting in other areas,” Lin explains. “But now, these yellowed letters enable us to revisit that era and feel the shared determination of ordinary people.” In her view, the 1930s was an era of national crisis. However, between the chaos of war, these letters recorded the rare warm moments of peace: soldiers’ greetings to their parents, wishes for their younger siblings’ study, and expectations for the country’s future peace. “With simple words, the writers recorded their real thoughts, captured the trivial but warm moments of life in the gap of war, and showed the unyielding spirit of Chinese people,” she says. These letters, once lost in time, now stand as silent bridges — connecting the front and the rear, preserving the faith and warmth in the years of war, and passing on the unchanging family and country feelings of the Chinese nation. 1. What first attracted Zhang Ding to the letters? A. Their well-known writer. B. Their sincere emotions and records. C. Their high market value. D. Their complete number of copies. 2. What can we learn about the exhibition? A. It was held in Shanghai. B. It showed over 100 collections. C. It centered on wartime letters. D. It lasted over a week. 3. What does Lin Yue think of the letters? A. They are valuable historical records. B. They are just ordinary collections. C. They describe war’s cruelty fully. D. They tell stories of famous people. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. A Famous War Correspondent B. Hard Life in Wartime China C. An Exhibition of Old Collections D. Warmth and Faith in Old Letters Passage 4 （2026·山西临汾·一模） Mercor, one of the Bay Area’s hottest AI startups (初创公司), is hiring like crazy. It seeks experts in many fields, such as astronomers, psychologists, filmmakers and creative writers. The catch? You have to be willing to train artificial intelligence to one day do your job as well as you can. In 2025, it hired over 30,000 contractors. These white-collar contractors review the output of the large language models that power chatbots and other AI tools. When Katie Williams, 30, first saw a Mercor job posting for a video editor, she applied and soon landed an interview. She is now about six months into various projects that have involved watching video clips, writing detailed captions (字幕), and rating the quality of videos created by AI. She has mixed feelings about the work. “I joked with my friends I’m training AI to take my job someday,” she says. The 61-year-old Peter. Valdes-Dapena, an automotive journalist, now spends 20 to 30 hours a week reviewing news articles written by AI. He finds the work challenging and says it has improved his own writing. The nature of the work does produce some internal conflict. He says journalists will always exist — he thinks people appreciate ideas and writing from humans — but he worries AI could lead to more job losses. “I didn’t invent AI and I’m not going to uninvent it,” he says. “If I were to stop doing this, would that stop it? The answer is no.” “Many of the people we work with already see AI as unavoidable in their field, but that doesn’t mean humans will run out of meaningful work,” a Mercor spokeswoman said. “Many of our experts see it as their responsibility to infuse (注入) their knowledge and expertise into the models to ensure accurate and thoughtful outcomes.” 24 What can we learn about Mercor from paragraph 1? A. It is in great need of AI trainers. B. It leads Bay Area’s AI industry. C. It is developing its own AI models. D. It aims to replace its contractors with AI. 1. How does Peter feel about his work? A. Curious and excited. B. Favorable but uneasy. C. Uninterested and bored, D. Tolerant but disappointed. 2. What message does the Mercor spokeswoman convey? A. Human work will lose its meaning. B. AI will cause mass unemployment. C. Human workers are essential to guide AI. D. Experts should limit the development of AI. 3. What is the best title for the text? A. Mercor: A Rising AI Star B. Training AI: Self-Replacement? C. AI Tools: A Blessing for Workers D. Job Seekers: New Hope in AI? 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （2026·北京房山·一模） There’s always one nonexistent friend in the group chat, who contributes little to the chat. That friend is me. When a new group chat is created, the members will inevitably come to laugh at my inability to respond to a simple question within a matter of hours. In fact, I pride myself on my swift response time when it comes to important work emails. “Call me instead,” I tell my friends. “I’m a much better caller.” If it’s urgent, I’ll pick up and always be there. But if I read a message and categorise it as non-urgent, then it’s a different story. Say a friend messages me, asking for my thoughts about a new album. I’ll read it, automatically reply in my head — “I love it” — but mentally file it away in the non-urgent cabinet, telling myself that I’ll tend to that non-urgent filing cabinet as soon as possible. Then I will be typing another email — and absolutely forgetting to revisit that non-urgent cabinet. My declaration of love for the album arrives very, very late. I want to stress I do love my friends and I am grateful to be included in all of the group chats. I simply find it overwhelming to keep up with the never-ending stream of message notifications. In these moments, the message notifications often fall by the wayside, my friends’ messages go unanswered and I sometimes feel like abandoning my phone and zoning out. Not to be dramatic. I recently asked one of my friends how they felt about my bad texting habits. She’s that one friend you can always rely on to give you the non-sugarcoated truth. She said, “The truth is that we knew we had reached a new level of love and companionship when we accepted how terrible you are at replying and chose to embrace it.” “To be fair,” she added, “when we do eventually get an answer out of you — you are always down, you always show up when we need you, you never flake or cancel and you’re usually the one driving 40 minutes across town to see us. We can handle the group chat radio silence in return for that kind of friendship.” At this moment, I think about each friend’s role in the group — the prolific messenger, the caller, the nonresponder — and how we all communicate and contribute to the group in different ways. All expressing love in different ways, too. 1. Why does the author often fail to respond to messages timely? A. She thinks non-urgent messages not worth replying to. B. She finds group conversations exhausting and boring. C. She prioritizes work emails over personal messages. D. She mentally responds but forgets to actually reply. 2. What can we know about the author’s friends? A. They give up on judging each other. B. They learn to accept her the way she is. C. They adapt to her preference for phone calls. D. They complain about her sugarcoated excuses. 3. Which word would best describe the author’s role in her friendship? A. Reliable. B. Independent. C. Difficult. D. Insincere. 4. What does the author mainly convey in the passage? A. A late reply is better than no response. B. Love speaks more than one language. C. Non-responders deserve more love. D. Actions speak louder than words. Passage 2 （2026·陕西西安·一模） One of my bad habits is saying “busy” when people ask me how I’m doing. Sometimes it’s because I actually am busy, but other times it’s because that’s what I think I’m supposed to say. That’s what important people say. That’s what people who get promoted say. But working long hours doesn’t drive better results. Never taking a vacation won’t lead to a promotion. So why are we so proud to talk about how busy we are all the time? In 2016, researchers from Columbia, Harvard, and Georgetown conducted a study to figure it out. They found busy people are perceived to be of high status, and interestingly, these status attributions are heavily influenced by our own beliefs about social mobility. In other words, the more we believe that one has the opportunity for success based on hard work, the more we tend to think that people who skip leisure and work all the time are of higher standing. That’s why we feel like we have to appear busy, and there’s a real perception that if someone is knee-deep in meetings, emails, and stress, then they’re probably a big deal. This culture of busyness is making it hard for employees to find work-life balance. According to a recent study, one in five highly engaged employees is at risk of burnout. Personally, I’m going to stop saying “busy” when people ask me how I am. It sounds self-righteous (自以为是的) and sets the wrong tone. Phrases like “I have limited access to email” and “I’ll respond as soon as I get back” sound like you’re being held against your will from working as opposed to making the most of your time off. By rejecting the myth that business equals worth, we free ourselves and others from exhaustion. True success isn’t about working harder; it’s about working smarter and finding balance. Let’s redefine what it means to be productive — and start valuing rest as much as effort. 1. How does the author introduce the topic in the first paragraph? A. By quoting famous people. B. By presenting statistical data. C. By comparing different opinions. D. By introducing personal experience. 2. Why do we tend to think that busy people are of high status? A. Our status can be attributed to our social mobility. B. We hold the belief that hard work leads to success. C. Our own opportunity for success never comes easily. D. We find few people of high status have time for leisure. 3. What does the underlined phrase “knee-deep in” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Bored with. B. Worried about. C. Fully involved in. D. Very interested in. 4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To advise employees on how to achieve work-life balance. B. To share his personal experience of overcoming a bad habit. C. To introduce a study on people’s attitude towards busyness. D. To argue against the culture of equating busyness with worth. Passage 3 （2026·河北盐山·一模） China’s young people have created yet another word to reflect their growing disappointment with the stressful work culture. The new lifestyle hot word, tang ping, is an action rather than a feeling — deciding to just go by, using a minimum effort at an unsatisfactory job. Wendy said that her lying-down philosophy could be summed up as “Putting the peacefulness of the body and soul first.” “According to the mainstream standard, a good lifestyle must include working hard, trying to get good results on work evaluations, struggling to buy a house and a car, and having babies,” she said, “However, I am looking forward to ‘lying down entirely’— quitting my job and living off my savings.” Tang ping has come under fire from Chinese state media. “No matter what, young people must have confidence in the future,” read a newspaper. “China is the world’s most populous country, with rich labor resources and a huge market advantage. The only happy life is a hard-working life. “The lying-down community obviously isn’t good for the country’s economic and social development,” said Guangming Daily. However, the newspaper added that tang ping shouldn’t be ignored without reflection: if China wants to encourage hard work in the young generation, it should first try to improve their quality of life. “The state is worried about what would happen if everyone stopped working,” said Huang Ping, a literature professor. “But humans aren’t merely tools for making things,” he said. To lie down is a reasonable choice rather than a negative attitude. For some young people, it’s a way for them to reduce pressure. “When you can’t catch up with society’s development— say, high house prices — tang ping is actually the most practical choice.” he said. Lying down can be seen as the opposite of involution (内卷), referring to societies becoming trapped in continual cycles of competition. “In a relatively good social environment, people may feel involuted, but at least they’re trying” he said. “If it’s worse, people will tang ping.” Alternatively, the more motivated among the young generation have accepted FIRE—“Financial Independence, Retire Early” — in the hope of someday escaping the severe competition once and for all. 1. What is Wendy’s goal in life? A. To keep up with society’s development. B. To depend on her savings to live. C. To get promoted in her company. D. To be highly evaluated at work. 2. What do state media think the young should do? A. Improve their quality of life. B. Reflect on China’s development. C. Base their future on hard work. D. Live a happy life by lying down. 3. What does Professor Huang think of the “lying down” style? A. It means low quality of life for the young. B. It prevents the development of society. C. It motivates the young to welcome their future. D. It removes the heavy life pressure from the young. 4. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. A healthy society doesn’t involve competition. B. Young people prefer involution to tang ping. C. Severe competition is the main cause of lying down. D. More active young people favour severe competition. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026·山东青州·一模） Influenced by factors like school funding, sports facilities, teacher resources and safetyconcems, traditional physical education was limited to static (静态的) scenes and closed gymsand playgrounds, which lacked interaction and feedback functions. PE curiculum was also restricted to basic sports like ball games, track and field and gymnastics. However, the emergence and application of new technologies like virtual reality (VR), 3D technology, greatly expand and innovate sports scenes, providing possibilities for the construction of a flexible “on-site, on- campus, online” integrated new sports world. IT can build online virtual learning environments for students, creating teaching scenes hard to achieve in physical world. Many schools have already partnered with technology companies to create different teaching scenes using digital sports products. The University of South Florida has cooperated with the VR sports training company Sense Arena, allowing students to practice tennis on its globally pioneering VR tennis training platform. Students use the Meta Quest 2 headset and VR touching racket (球拍) which imitates the weight and feel of a real tennis racket. The platform features 35 training modes imitating various scenes in real-life tennis matches, including crowd noise, dazzling sunlight, shadows and wind. Athletes can engage in various forms of training, such as skill practice, technical analysis and match imitation. Such virtual sports teaching space further enhances the experience of PE learning. Technology-based physical education not only serves ordinary students’ physical health but also addresses the needs of special groups in sports, especially students who cannot participate in regular PE classes due to physical, psychological or social adaptation issues. Many schools offer specialized sports programs to disabled students, like the “Pathways to Inclusion” program launched by the University of Queensland, which tailors various sports activities to different disabilities, such as blind football and wheelchair hockey. This is made possible with the support of sports technology, as different symptoms require the use of different sports equipment. Through scientific, healthy and joyful educational concepts, technology-empowered PE classes convey the values of creating and enjoying a personalized experience, developing a sports education where everyone participates and benefits. 1. How do new technologies change traditional PE class according to paragraph 1? A. By investing more in basic sports. B. By combining it with academic study. C. By making dynamic PE class possible. D. By replacing PE teachers with AI teachers. 2. Which of the following services can Sense Arena provide? A. Real-life tennis matches. B. Virtual headsets and rackets. C. Imitative distracting conditions. D. Sufficient sports space on campus. 3. What does “Pathways to Inclusion” program feature? A. Professional knowledge about psychology. B. Technology-assisted sports for the disabled. C. Interactive activities with ordinary students. D. Personalized medical treatment for disabilities. 4. What is the author’s writing purpose of the text? A. To advertise a new VR product. B. To raise public awareness of physical education. C. To stress the importance of equality among students. D. To introduce a new application of technology in PE class. Passage 2 （2026·山西太原·一模） Sint-Paulus, a primary school in Kortrijk, Belgium, won the 2023 New European Bauhaus Award with its “Climate Playground” project. A climate adaptive playground goes for smart rainwater handling, offers greenery, softens school ground, and creates opportunities to discover climate issues. This connection to nature has made school a lot more fun. What has changed underground is an important part of the climate playground design. A rainwater collection system with a capacity of 150,000 litres has been installed (安装) and rainwater is stored and reused. What cannot be stored flows away into the planting, making the school highly effective at absorbing water. Green spaces account for at least 60 percent although some of the area remains hard-surfaced for ball games on rainy days. Trees and bushes form the green areas with a colourful background of flowers. These green spaces act as outright invitations to play and provide space for natural-looking play facilities. Children run on the courses, enjoy challenging tasks, and play games like hide-and-seek, which greatly enriches their outdoor life. The climate playground also offers teachers extra instructional opportunities. They no longer have to visit parks to teach about blossoms and autumn colouring as the playground offers constant, varied learning experiences. Teachers often organize projects such as Bird-counting Day, where children feed birds and identify different species. There is also a popular vegetable garden, where children actively grow plants and healthy food. In a separate area, there is a chicken house managed by sixth-graders. Teachers use it to make math lessons extra engaging. Children weigh the feed and put it into statistics against the number of eggs they collect. In recent years, Sint-Paulus’ practice has led to the establishment of BLES — a network of experts in outdoor play and learning. It supports dozens of schools in greening and softening their grounds. In the long run, such playgrounds are expected to become the norm, as there is no better place for children to learn about the environment than a climate playground. 1. What can we learn about the Climate Playground project from paragraph 1? A. It purifies rainwater for daily use. B. It promotes students’ physical health. C. It is intended to compete for an award. D. It puts climate discovery in a natural setting. 2. Why does some of the area of the ground remain hard-surfaced? A. To ensure easy maintenance. B. To enrich students’ outdoor life. C. To provide space for facilities. D. To fit different weather conditions. 3. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. Creative teaching methods. B. Educational value of the playground. C. Physical activity schedules. D. Practical tips on vegetable gardening. 4. Which of the following agrees with the educational philosophy of Sint-Paulus? A. True education starts outside campus. B. School can serve as an extension of nature. C. A child’s growth should be a journey, not a race. D. Playground design balances study and entertainment. Passage 3 （2026·山东德州·一模） Australia’s tropical forests have become the world’s first to emit (排放) more carbon into the atmosphere than they are taking in, as a new study report in Nature. This switch is an alarm bell for the planet’s tropical forests, sounding as global leaders prepare for the COP30 meeting in the Amazon rainforest to address the crisis of global climate change. The long-term analysis of Australia’s rainforests from 1971 to 2019 revealed that the forests’ woody biomass — its hard branches and trunks — has been shrinking since around the year 2000. Rising temperatures, droughts and tropical cyclones (气旋) driven by human activities have dramatically increased tree death rate, releasing stored carbon back into the atmosphere. Surprisingly, the extra atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) didn’t boost plant growth as climate models predicted, likely due to limited availability of nutrients plants need like phosphorus and other basic ones — a factor that must be considered in estimating the fate of forests. The Amazon rainforest, which spans an area nearly as large as the continental United States and is currently shouldering a quarter of land-based carbon dioxide annually, is also at risk. It suffered its worst drought in 2024, with deforestation reaching 17 percent. Scientists have warned it could face widespread dieback by 2035 under the pressure of climate change, deforestation and extreme weather like storms. Other tropical forests face similar threats. Africa’s Congo Basin forests, once relatively stable, have shown increased tree death rate since 2010. Southeast Asia’s forests are endangered by the development of urbanization and agriculture. A report made by the U. N. Environment Programme (UNEP) notes that about 291 million of the world’s 1.6 billion hectares of tropical forest are delicate, easily erased off from the green block forever. Protecting these forests will require global financial investments to triple to $300 billion by 2030, yet global efforts for the protection are falling short of the intended commitments. “Tropical forests are huge carbon reservoirs and we must cherish the forest carbon stocks already built up over centuries, or even millennia.” says the programme manager Wannes Hubau in the report. “Losing them would be like setting off a carbon bomb, worsening climate change.” 1. What happened to the Australia’s tropical forests? A. They were expanding rapidly. B. They became a carbon-friendly place. C. Their woody biomass was on increase. D. They were turning into carbon emitters. 2. What might limit Australia’s forest growth with more CO₂? A. Long-term data analysis. B. Insufficient basic nutrients. C. Storage of carbon in trunks. D. Climate model expectations. 3. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Tropical forests will die back by 2035. B. Farming destroys forests in tropical regions. C. Tropical forests face growing global threats. D. Droughts cause most rainforest loss worldwide. 4. What can we learn from the UNEP report? A. Few tropical forests are at high risk. B. Tropical forest conservation lacks funds. C. The death rate of tropical forests is declining. D. Africa’s forests have the highest tree death rate. 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （2026·北京海淀·一模） Meritocracy (优绩主义) has become a leading social ideal. Politicians continually return to the theme that the rewards of life — money, jobs, university admission — should be distributed according to skill and effort. Conceptually and morally, meritocracy is presented as the opposite of hereditary aristocracy, in which one’s social position is determined by the lottery of birth. Although widely held, the belief that merit rather than luck determines success or failure in the world is demonstrably false. This is not least because merit itself is, in large part, the result of luck. Talent and the capacity for determined effort depend a great deal on one’s genetic gifts and upbringing. This is to say nothing of other fortuitous circumstances that figure into every success story. In his book Success and Luck, Robert Frank recounts the coincidences behind the stellar rise of many successful entrepreneurs. Luck intervenes by offering people merit, and again by furnishing circumstances where merit can translate into success. This is not to deny the industry and talent of successful people. However, it does demonstrate that the link between merit and outcome is weak and indirect at best. In addition to being false, research suggests that believing in meritocracy makes people more selfish, less self-critical and even more prone to acting in discriminatory ways. The “ultimatum game” is a common psychological experiment, where one player is given a sum of money and told to propose a division between him and another player, who may accept or reject the offer. If the offer is rejected, neither gets anything. Usually a relatively even split is offered. In one variation, participants played a fake game of skill before making offers. Players who were led to believe they had “won” claimed more for themselves than those who engaged in games of chance. Similar studies suggest that just having the idea of skill in mind makes people more tolerant of unequal outcomes. By contrast, research on gratitude indicates that remembering the role of luck increases generosity. Simply asking subjects to recall external contributors to their successes made them more likely to give to charity than those remembering internal factors. Part of meritocracy’s moral appeal is its power to justify the existing social order. On top of that, it also offers flattery. Where success is determined by merit, each win can be viewed as a reflection of personal worth and worldly failures become signs of personal weaknesses. Meritocracy ought to be abandoned both as a belief about how the world works and as a general social ideal. It’s false, and believing in it encourages selfishness, discrimination and indifference to the struggles of the unfortunate. 1. What can we learn from the first three paragraphs? A. Politicians argue life rewards are set at birth. B. Talent and determination owe nothing to luck. C. Industry enhances merit and directs to success. D. Merit is largely decided by circumstantial factors. 2. What does the author imply by citing the “ultimatum game” experiment? A. The results confirm meritocracy’s moral appeal. B. Belief in merit may encourage selfishness and bias. C. Ideas of skill can increase our willingness to donate. D. Games of chance ensure even distribution of resources. 3. The author feels meritocracy’s moral appeal is ______. A. erroneous B. justified C. practical D. groundless 4. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To criticise the mindset of chasing success. B. To challenge a commonly held social belief. C. To compare different social reward systems. D. To evaluate the pros and cons of meritocracy. Passage 2 （2026·江西南昌·一模） In the blink of an eye, artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly entered every walk of life, from self-driving taxis to software that reads X-rays, to virtual assistants that can schedule meetings and draft e-mails. However, will AI displace entire industries as mechanized factories did before? Like past world-changing tools such as mechanical cloth-making machines, AI is set to reshape the workplace greatly. But techno-pessimists argue AI’s impact has never been seen before. Economists estimate AI could rob 40% of jobs, with machines replacing much skilled human work and note that even remaining jobs may see declining wages due to reduced labor value. Amid these worries, 2024 Nobel Prize-winning economists Daron Acemoglu and Simon Johnson advise learning from David Ricardo’s flexible thinking about the early Industrial Revolution. In his work Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, economist Ricardo initially supported new spinning machines (纺纱机), believing they would promote productivity for all. Though home spinners were displaced, many shifted to weaving (织布). However, technology changed everything: one machine outperformed 10-20 handweavers, ending cottage industry. Displaced weavers had no choices as factories created few new jobs, leading to falling wages and social unrest. Witnessing these consequences, Ricardo transformed his view. His 1821 revised work acknowledged that factors boosting national income might also make population extra resources and worsen laborers’ conditions. England eventually learned from the struggles of handweavers and the working class. The government expanded political representation for industrial cities, passed the 1833 Factory Act to manage child labor, and ended the protectionist Corn Laws in the 1840s to lower food costs. The history repeats today. As the AI era approaches, Johnson notes that AI has attracted enormous talents, similar to the late-1990s Internet boom, but history — especially the Industrial Revolution — shows that “new miracle machines do not guarantee benefits for most people.” With thoughtful policies, AI can avoid repeating past mistakes and build an inclusive future. When technology is guided by wisdom and responsibility, it can become a powerful tool that lifts people up, reduces inequality, and brings greater opportunities to all. 1. Which question can paragraph 2 answer? A. How is AI to affect the work settings? B. Why has technology replaced human work? C. Who suffered most from the Industrial Revolution? D. What did cloth-making machines bring to workers? 2. Why did David Ricardo change his attitude? A. The closure of cottage industry. B. The appearance of spinning and weaving. C. The indifference of the government. D. The suffering of workers and the society. 3. What lesson can be learned from the text? A. Every step forward is progress. B. Technology makes the complex simple. C. History is where you find the future. D. With great power comes great responsibility. 4. What might be talked about following the last paragraph? A. Details of David Ricardo’s theories. B. Policy examples for guiding AI. C. The introduction of the Internet boom. D. The development of AI technology. Passage 3 （2026·湖南长郡·一模） A recent study on digital human (数字人) industry has uncovered a noticeable trend:more and more people are forming deep emotional bonds with AI-powered digital humans,which are widely used as virtual companions,online idols and customer service agents.Though whether these digital humans have real emotional feedback remains unproven,this trend has greatly widened the split in the existing cultural and ethical divide. Ethicist Professor Zhang Wei has clearly outlined the two sides of this divide: “One side will accuse the other of dangerously indulging in virtual relationships and escaping real social interactions,while the other will dismiss the first group as’refusing to accept the new form of emotional connection in the digital age’.” His concern is not unreasonable. Today, some people already share their deepest secrets with digital humans and even treat them as life partners,while others laugh off the idea as nothing more than“confusing programmed responses with real feelings”. So what might a digital human with widely recognized“emotional value” look like? Imagine a lifelong companion that listens to your troubles,celebrates your achievements, accompanies you through hard times, and even grows and changes with you over the years.Crucially,this companion will have a continuous “memory” and form a unique interaction mode with you,much like a real friend. While today’s digital humans are not yet at this stage, they are developing at an amazing speed.When that future arrives,more intense conflicts over their status and rights will be unavoidable. History offers similar examples. Consider the wide acceptance of telephones,which were once strongly opposed by people who argued that they would destroy face-to-face communication and weaken real human relationships,even decades after they became popular. There’s no reason that the debate over digital humans’emotional value will be any different. What’s worse,unlike telephones whose function is clearly defined,we have no unified standard to judge whether the emotional connection with digital humans is“real” or “valuable”. Undoubtedly, these deepening divisions will reshape our legal rules,social norms and even family concepts. That’s why now — before the divide becomes too deep to bridge — is the critical moment to act. We need to build a reasonable ethical and legal framework for the digital age through in-depth and rational discussion, and guide society forward in an orderly way, rather than let the division split us apart. 1. What is the core message of Paragraph 1? A. Digital humans can provide real emotional feedback. B. The popularity of digital humans has widened social ethical divide. C. Digital humans are widely used in the service industry. D. People have reached an agreement on digital humans. 2. What does the underlined word “indulging in” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Breaking away from. B. Being addicted to. C. Taking charge of. D. Being cautious about. 3. Why is “the wide acceptance of telephones” mentioned in Paragraph 4? A. To show the debate over digital humans will last long. B. To prove telephones have changed people’s way of communication. C. To stress the importance of digital technology development. D. To deny the value of face-to-face communication. 4. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A. To introduce the development of digital humans. B. To explain the function of digital humans. C. To solve the conflict over digital humans. D. To call for early action to deal with the coming ethical divide. Passage 4 （2026·山东青岛·一模） Artificial intelligence (AI) researchers have long dreamed of tools to supercharge science-asking novel questions, designing and running experiments. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have made discoveries that some AI developers claim have inched us closer to that future. But how do you test whether an AI model can truly do science? For answers, researchers turn to benchmarks (基准): standardized sets of questions or tasks that help measure an AI’s efficiency and reliability and compare it against other models. But the complexity of science makes assessing their aptitude especially challenging. As Hao Peng, a computer scientist at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, puts it: “Models have all this knowledge. Do they know how to use it?” Dozens of new science-focused benchmarks have emerged over the past year to answer that question, but scientists have yet to settle on a single best approach. One of the most popular, published in Nature, is Humanity’s Last Exam (HLE). It uses 2500 questions drawn from “the frontier of human knowledge” to put LLMs through their paces. One, for example, asks how many types of sensory receptors the human skin contains. “We wanted a diverse dataset that only experts who have been working on a field for a long time can answer,” says Long Phan, a research engineer with the HLE’s developer. Since the HLE first appeared as a preprint in January 2025, the benchmark has become an important proving ground for LLMs and HLE scores are now a common talking point for AI companies seeking to highlight the capabilities of their products. At the HLE’s launch, the leading developer OpenAI’s AI model won the best score at a mere 8.3%. Earlier this month, Google claimed that its latest reasoning model for science, called Gemini 3 Deep Think, had achieved a new record HLE score of 48.4%. But some scientists argue that many of the HLE’s questions test for little-known or even useless knowledge, rather than an ability to do meaningful research. A Nature editorial accompanying the HLE’s publication also raised this issue: “We think that more scientists should be asking: What would it take to develop an AI benchmark that truly measures expert-level thinking?” 1. What does the underlined word “aptitude” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Knowledge. B. Performance. C. Intelligence. D. Progress. 2. What does Long Phan stress about HLE? A. Its topic diversity. B. Experts’ involvement in it. C. The expertise of its dataset. D. Its data-backed popularity. 3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. HLE’s role as a key AI test. B. Companies’ use of HLE. C. HLE scores of leading AI models. D. The process of HLE’s launch. 4. By sharing its view, the Nature editorial aimed to ________. A. back the current testing B. express concern over HLE C. propose a workable solution D. predict future AI benchmarks 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （2026·天津南开·一模） Most of us in the entrepreneurial community are blessed — or cursed — with higher-than-average ambition. Ambitious people strongly desire accomplishments and are willing to take more risks and spend more effort to get them. Overall, this is a positive quality, especially for people trying to build their own businesses. Apparently, if you’re more naturally driven to set goals, you are more likely to succeed. Actually, this isn’t always the case. In fact, in some cases, extreme ambition may end up doing more harm than good. One major side effect of excessive ambition is the tendency to focus too determinedly on one particular vision or end goal. This is problematic because it hinders your ability to adapt to new circumstances, which is vital if you want to be a successful entrepreneur. If a new competitor emerges to threaten your business, you may need to change direction, even if that means straying from your original vision. If you have too much ambition, you’ll find this hard, if not impossible. Few people are successful when they try to build their first brand. Unfortunately, for the most ambitious entrepreneurs, a failure is seen as disastrous, and impossible to recover from. It’s a clear departure from the intended plan toward the intended goal. For people with limited ambition, however, failure is viewed as something closer to reality. Remember, failure is inevitable, and every failure you survive is a learning experience. Ambitious people tend to be more materialistically successful than their non-ambitious counterparts. However, they’re only slightly happier than their less-ambitious counterparts, and tend to live significantly shorter lives. This implies that even though ambitious people are more likely to achieve conventional “success,” such success means nothing for their health and happiness — and if you don’t have health and happiness. what else could possibly matter? Clearly, some amount of ambition is good for your motivation. Without any ambition, you wouldn’t start your own business, set or achieve goals and get far in life. But an excess of ambition can also be dangerous, putting you at risk of burnout, stubbornness and even a shorter life. 1. What does the author think of most entrepreneurs? A. They are more willing to risk their own lives. B. They are more ambitious than ordinary people. C. They achieve greater nonconventional success. D. They have more positive qualities than most of us. 2. What does the author imply by saying “this isn’t always the case”? A. Ambitious people may not have a greater chance of success. B. Ambitious people may not have more positive qualities. C. Entrepreneurs’ ambition does as much good as harm. D. Entrepreneurs are more naturally driven to success. 3. If one wants to become a successful entrepreneur, he must _________. A. hold on to his original vision B. be able to adapt to new situations C. focus determinedly on one particular goal D. avoid radical change in one’s career direction 4. How do the most ambitious entrepreneurs regard failure in their endeavor? A. It will awaken them to reality. B. It is a lesson they have to learn. C. It means the end of their career. D. It will result in a slow recovery. 5. What does the author advise us to do concerning ambition? A. Distinguish between conventional success and our life goal. B. Follow the example of the most ambitious entrepreneurs. C. Avoid taking unnecessary risks when starting a business. D. Prioritize health and happiness over material success. Passage 2 （2026·天津南开·一模） Ask most people what “the good life” involves, and they will likely draw up a rapid list of goods — money, friendship, a rewarding career, etc. Even Aristotle, who believed that the key to happiness is the cultivation (培养) and exercise of virtue, still thought certain goods were either necessary conditions for happiness or were goods that came to virtuous people. If we’re comparing how happy various people’s lives are, it seems natural to look for certain goods, and compare who has more of them. Let’s imagine the lives of two actors, Toby and Ybot. Toby struggles to get work for many years, suffering all sorts of difficulties. He becomes a famous and wealthy actor, and wins an Oscar for his final movie before retiring. Ybot, however, wins an Oscar for his very first film role. But over time he becomes less famous and less well paid, and he begins to suffer difficulties. In the end, he retires as a nobody. These two actors’ lives, like their names, are mirror-images. Toby and Ybot both seem to lead lives of equal net worth. Yet most of us would think that the ordering of these goods does make a decisive difference to how we compare Toby and Ybot’s careers. Someone who climbs a mountain will experience more struggle than someone who gets carried to the peak by bus, but the climber will also have a sense of accomplishment the other person may well envy. In that sense, we might think Toby’s life is better because his highs seem more well-earned than Ybot’s do. But that’s not the whole story. The narrative (叙述) itself seems to make a difference. A life of early success followed by decline seems like a less overall successful life than one where success comes later in the day. Where the story ends seems to matter in itself. We value happy endings, not just happy moments. This immediate judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis (假说). On this view, living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order. The hypothesis suggests that our lives are not simply bags into which we stuff good things and bad things. The type of life — the narrative of that life-story — matters too. Without the right shape, even a life full of wondrous things can end up as a tale we’d prefer not to live out. 1. What can be learned about Aristotle’s view on happiness? A. Goods contribute to happiness. B. Virtuous people may not be happy. C. Too many goods reduce happiness. D. Happy people care less about goods. 2. According to the author, what do both Toby and Ybot experience? A. They start from a humble beginning. B. They reach the same height in career. C. They recover from the same sufferings. D. They retire with honour from the film industry. 3. What does the author try to convey with the example of mountain climbing? A. Easy success is often envied. B. There are various paths to success. C. Fierce struggle is vital to success. D. Hard-earned success is treasured more. 4. In writing Paragraph 4, the author tries to________. A. introduce another topic B. draw a conclusion C. further an argument D. provide new evidence 5. What could be the best title for the passage? A. To Shape Your Life with Good Deeds. B. Defining the Shape of a Good Life. C. The Essential Components of Good Life. D. How We Can Have a Good Shape of Life. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026·河南镇平·一模） Exciting news is on the horizon as California power authorities have successfully completed their groundbreaking solar panel-covered canal project, which promises to generate a remarkable 1.6 megawatts (兆瓦) of clean energy. This innovative initiative, led by the Turlock Irrigation District Water & Power, plays a vital role in irrigating (灌溉) essential crops like cotton and tomatoes in the heart of California’s central valley. The inspiration for this project came from a 2021 research paper by scientists at the University of California, Santa Cruz, who discovered that covering canals with solar panels could save an astonishing 63.5 billion gallons of water from evaporation (蒸发) each year. This brilliant idea not only conserves water but also offers an incredible benefit: for every megawatt of solar energy produced during Turlock’s average 290 sunny days, the panels could replace 15-20 diesel (柴油) generators that traditionally pump water along these canals. Known as Project Nexus, this initiative took flight in October 2022. It stands out in the world and the second of its kind in the US. The project will be closely monitored to see how its performance matches the promising projections. The concept of placing solar panels over canals isn’t new; it first emerged in 2014 in Gujarat, India, where a pilot project successfully covered a stretch of canal and paved the way for an entire canal-topped solar plant. Researchers in India found that the water beneath the panels helped maintain ideal temperatures, leading to a 2-5% improvement in efficiency. In addition to conserving water and minimizing land use for solar farms, the panels’ unique placement helps extend their lifespan by keeping them cooler. This innovative approach also limits the growth of harmful plants along the canals, reducing the need for manual or chemical clearing. With about 4,000 miles of canals across California, the potential for taking advantage of solar energy is tremendous, with estimates suggesting they could generate up to 13 gigawatts of power. This would be enough to supply energy to around 750,000 homes, effectively lighting up nearly half of Los Angeles. 1. What can we know about the solar-covered canal project from Santa Cruz’s research? A. It is energy-saving and eco-friendly. B. Its economic benefit is limited in real use. C. It has changed previous irrigation methods. D. It is designed to solve the water shortage problem. 2. How did the Indian project influence California’s Project Nexus? A. By supplying critical equipment. B. By demonstrating possibility. C. By providing the technical designs. D. By offering precise data on temperatures. 3. What does the underlined word “tremendous” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A. 控制的。 B. 暂时的。 C. 重大的。 D. 定义的。 4. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. How Canals Can Help Save Energy B. California’s Fight for Water Supply C. Solar panels: A New Use for Canals D. Project Nexus: A Solar Success Case Passage 2 （2026·河南漯河·一模） On a quiet street in Bangkok, a shop owner watches water rise through her floor for the third time this year. She simply moves her goods to the second floor and waits. Four blocks away, a newly built park is doing something strange — it’s designed to flood. This is not failure. This is adaptation. For more than a century, cities treated water as the enemy to be defeated. Engineers built higher walls, stronger pumps (泵) and deeper channels. The enemy metaphor ran deep: We “fight” floods, “battle” rising seas and storm surges. And for a while, it worked, or seemed to. Then came the storms that broke the walls. Hurricane Sandy flooded 51 square kilometers of New York City in 2012. In 2021, floods in Germany killed more than 180 people despite advanced warning systems. The concrete defenses, perfected over generations, were failing in plain sight. What these events exposed was not a problem in engineering, but a problem in thinking. You cannot defeat water; you can only delay it. And delay is not a strategy. Not with a bang, but with a rethink. In Copenhagen, after a 2011 flood caused nearly a billion dollars in damage, city planners didn’t just rebuild — they redesigned. A new park called Tasinge Plads now serves as a public square when dry and a retention pond (蓄水池) when rains come. Children play on equipment that doubles as water storage. The enemy has become a neighbor. The most telling change may be happening in the Netherlands, a country that literally built itself on the idea of defeating water. However, the Room for the River program, begun in 2007, has done something unconventional: it moved dikes (堤坝) back, lowered floodplains, and gave rivers room to breathe. When water rises now, it flows where it’s meant to go. Back in Bangkok, the shop owner knows something that city engineers are only beginning to learn. Water doesn’t need to be fought. It needs to be expected. The old question was: How high can we build the wall? The new question is: What can we build that water can live with? 1. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By describing a scene. B. By presenting a comparison. C. By citing a shop owner. D. By explaining a phenomenon. 2. What does the author try to illustrate in paragraph 4? A. The inconvenience of concrete defenses. B. The severity of natural disasters worldwide. C. The shortage of advanced warning systems. D. The ineffectiveness of old flood control ways. 3. What is Netherlands’ water management like according to the text? A. Cautious and flexible. B. Economical and reliable. C. Innovative and reasonable. D. Efficient and systematic. 4. What do the two questions at the end of the text mainly show? A. The necessity of construction. B. The importance of engineering. C. The transformation in concepts. D. The trouble in solving problems. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（议论文+新闻报道） 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （2026·北京房山·一模） The National Theatre, London, has announced an exciting lineup for its 2026season, bringing a dynamic mix of new productions, timeless classics, and international collaborations. The theatre will open the year with Emerald City, originally created by Australian playwright David Williamson in 1987. Director Thomas Cuisse says, “The surface of society might change, but human nature doesn’t. This play offers a deep exploration of an artist’s inner struggle which will touch audiences everywhere.” Thunderstorm, written by Cao Yu and one of the most iconic Chinese plays of the 20th century, will be staged in June. It is part of the theatre’s ongoing effort to promote classic Chinese theatrical works. The summer will also bring Romeo and Juliet to a small theatre, with a modern twist. The theatre’s young artists reimagine Shakespeare’s classic through a modern lens, adding youthful energy. In addition, the year will see the return of Hamlet in August and The Daffodils in September. The latter will be presented in grand poetic style, exploring the intersection of art, poetry and history. This year, the theatre continues to increase collaboration with major cultural hubs. “We’re working to build stronger relationships with the international community,” says Rufus Norris, Artistic Director. The first such collaboration will be Farewell My Concubine, co-produced with Shanghai Dramatic Arts Centre, which will be streamed globally online. In 2026, the theatre will continue to engage younger audiences and expand its public cultural services through programs like “youth blossoms”, which allows university students to create and stage their own work. Moreover, the theatre is embracing technology to reach a broader audience by adapting several productions into film and digital formats, allowing more people to experience the theatre’s performances online. 1. Which drama displays young artists’ adaptation? A. Emerald City. B. Hamlet. C. Thunderstorm. D. Romeo and Juliet. 2. What can we learn about the National Theatre’s plays? A. The Daffodils focuses on history of poetry. B. Farewell My Concubine will be live on TV. C. Hamlet will be presented again in the theatre. D. Emerald City explores audiences’ inner struggle. 3. The main purpose of the passage is to ________. A. highlight the theatre’s cultural cooperation B. help the theatre attract young audiences C. introduce the theatre’s classic plays D. cover the theatre’s new season 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍伦敦国家剧院2026年演出季令人兴奋的节目安排，包括新作品、经典剧目以及国际合作项目，还提及剧院通过多种方式吸引年轻观众、扩大公共文化服务，如开展 “青年绽放” 项目，将部分作品改编为电影和数字格式等。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“The summer will also bring Romeo and Juliet to a small theatre, with a modern twist. The theatre’s young artists reimagine Shakespeare’s classic through a modern lens, adding youthful energy. (夏天，《罗密欧与朱丽叶》将在一个小剧院上演，并有现代的改编。剧院的年轻艺术家们通过现代视角重新演绎莎士比亚的这部经典作品，注入了青春活力)”可知，《罗密欧与朱丽叶》展示了年轻艺术家的改编，故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“In addition, the year will see the return of Hamlet in August( 此外，今年八月《哈姆雷特》将回归)”可知，《哈姆雷特》将再次在该剧院上演，故选C项。 【3题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The National Theatre, London, has announced an exciting lineup for its 2026 season, bringing a dynamic mix of new productions, timeless classics, and international collaborations.(伦敦国家剧院公布了令人期待的2026 演出季剧目阵容，将带来新创剧目、经典传世之作与国际合作剧目精彩纷呈的组合演出)”可知，文章开篇点明伦敦国家剧院宣布2026年演出季阵容，随后介绍了各个剧目的安排、国际合作以及吸引年轻观众的举措等，整体围绕剧院新演出季展开，所以短文的目的是报道剧院的新演出季。故选D项。 Passage 2 （2026·河南濮阳·一模） If you’re the parent of a child or teenager, you may want to learn about social psychologist Jonathan Haidt, or at the very least his wildly influential book, The Anxious Generation. In sum, the book argues that the rise of smartphones and social media over the past decade and a half has rewired the brains of young people, leading to a mental health crisis. Haidt’s arguments and approach have been challenged by critics (批评者), many of whom point out that his work doesn’t refer to the many other potential factors at play affecting mental health. Yet, The Anxious Generation has undeniably had a significant impact. Haidt is leading a movement, which we have already seen translate into legislation (立法) in many states around the U.S. limiting the use of phones in schools. As the parent of a 10-year-old and a 14-year-old, I can say that not a week has gone by in nearly a decade that the use of certain forms of technology and their applications (iPhones, Chromebooks and tablets; video games, social media and YouTube) hasn’t led to some form of argument or disagreement. It’s not that these technologies are all bad, but their addictive design, and the lack of cultural norms and especially regulations around such devices, have shaped people’s use of them in often damaging and destructive ways. Endless elements of day-to-day life, including learning and socialization especially for young people, have been negatively impacted. While it is often exciting to have the world at your fingertips — my teenager has learned how to handmake pasta with the help of online videos, and I have happily spent precious hours online watching interviews of some of my favorite writers — it’s hard to deny the increasing losses when real-life trial-and-error gives way to passive viewing. For many, the balance is clearly off. What seems especially amazing about The Anxious Generation is that it can get people thinking more critically about the products that shape their everyday lives. The book feels like an important antidote (良方) to the daily pull and messaging of the online world. 1. What do many critics say about The Anxious Generation? A. It has underestimated the impact of social media. B. It has led to unnecessary legislation in many states. C. It has placed too much blame on technology companies. D. It has ignored other possible causes of mental health issues. 2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Various types of social media. B. Negative impacts of technologies. C. Unwise ways to use smartphones. D. Conflicts between parents and kids. 3. What does the author mean by “the balance is clearly off” in paragraph 4? A. Schools are not doing enough to limit phone use. B. Technology companies refuse to change their designs. C. Passive screen time has replaced real-life experiences. D. Parents are losing control of their kids’ online activities. 4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend a book. B. To criticize a view in a book. C. To share parenting challenges. D. To introduce the history of technology. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了Jonathan Haidt的畅销书《焦虑的一代》的核心观点——智能手机和社交媒体是青少年心理健康危机的主因，并肯定了该书引发的社会影响与立法行动。作者结合自身育儿经历，指出现实生活被屏幕挤占的现状，认为这本书能促使人们批判性反思科技产品的影响。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Haidt’s arguments and approach have been challenged by critics (批评者), many of whom point out that his work doesn’t refer to the many other potential factors at play affecting mental health.(Haidt的观点和研究方法遭到了批评者的质疑，他们中许多人指出，他的研究没有提及其他诸多影响心理健康的潜在因素)”许多批评者认为《焦虑的一代》这本书忽略了影响心理健康的其他潜在因素。故选D。 【2题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“It’s not that these technologies are all bad, but their addictive design, and the lack of cultural norms and especially regulations around such devices, have shaped people’s use of them in often damaging and destructive ways. Endless elements of day-to-day life, including learning and socialization especially for young people, have been negatively impacted.(并不是说这些技术全都不好，而是它们易让人上瘾的设计，再加上对此类设备缺乏相应的行为规范，尤其是监管缺失，使得人们的使用方式常常带来危害与不良后果。日常生活中的方方面面，尤其是青少年的学习和社交，都受到了负面影响)”可知，本段主要介绍了技术产品的负面影响。故选B。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“While it is often exciting to have the world at your fingertips — my teenager has learned how to handmake pasta with the help of online videos, and I have happily spent precious hours online watching interviews of some of my favorite writers — it’s hard to deny the increasing losses when real-life trial-and-error gives way to passive viewing. For many, the balance is clearly off.(虽然世界尽在指尖常常令人兴奋——我的孩子就靠着网络视频学会了手工做意大利面，我也开心地花了不少宝贵时间在网上看喜欢的作家访谈——但不可否认，当现实中的亲身试错被被动浏览取代，我们失去的越来越多。对很多人来说，这种平衡显然已经被打破了)”可知，被动的屏幕时间已经替代了现实生活体验，平衡被打破。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“What seems especially amazing about The Anxious Generation is that it can get people thinking more critically about the products that shape their everyday lives. The book feels like an important antidote to the daily pull and messaging of the online world.(《焦虑的一代》最令人惊奇的地方在于，它能让人们更批判性地思考塑造他们日常生活的产品。这本书感觉像是针对网络世界日常吸引力和信息的重要解药)”以及全文内容可知，全文围绕《焦虑的一代》展开，介绍其观点并肯定其价值，目的是推荐这本书。故选A。 Passage 3 （2026·湖南长郡·一模） Home letter collector Zhang Ding, in his 60s, once collected a set of battlefield home letters from the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Touched by the firm family and country feelings in the letters, as well as the precious records of soldiers’ daily life in the 1930s, when most of China was suffering from the flames of war, he made every effort to collect and preserve the complete set of 36 letters. Later, he confirmed from the envelopes and signatures that the letters were written by Fang Dazeng, an influential war correspondent and patriotic youth in the early 20th century. Some of the letters, together with other collections from home letter collectors across China, were displayed in Letters from the Front: Memories of the War of Resistance — an exhibition held from September 18 to 24, as a part of the 2025 Beijing International Culture Festival. The exhibition showed more than 80 pieces of collections, recording the real lives of Chinese soldiers and people in the rear area during the 1930s. Lin Yue, the chief curator of the exhibition, regards such letters as more than just old collections. They record how ordinary Chinese people stuck to their faith and guarded their home in hard times. “Nearly a century ago, people in different parts of China faced the same hardship, yet knew little about the stories of those fighting in other areas,” Lin explains. “But now, these yellowed letters enable us to revisit that era and feel the shared determination of ordinary people.” In her view, the 1930s was an era of national crisis. However, between the chaos of war, these letters recorded the rare warm moments of peace: soldiers’ greetings to their parents, wishes for their younger siblings’ study, and expectations for the country’s future peace. “With simple words, the writers recorded their real thoughts, captured the trivial but warm moments of life in the gap of war, and showed the unyielding spirit of Chinese people,” she says. These letters, once lost in time, now stand as silent bridges — connecting the front and the rear, preserving the faith and warmth in the years of war, and passing on the unchanging family and country feelings of the Chinese nation. 1. What first attracted Zhang Ding to the letters? A. Their well-known writer. B. Their sincere emotions and records. C. Their high market value. D. Their complete number of copies. 2. What can we learn about the exhibition? A. It was held in Shanghai. B. It showed over 100 collections. C. It centered on wartime letters. D. It lasted over a week. 3. What does Lin Yue think of the letters? A. They are valuable historical records. B. They are just ordinary collections. C. They describe war’s cruelty fully. D. They tell stories of famous people. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. A Famous War Correspondent B. Hard Life in Wartime China C. An Exhibition of Old Collections D. Warmth and Faith in Old Letters 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述60多岁的家信收藏家张丁收集到一套抗战时期的战场家信，这些信件连同其他收藏家的藏品在相关展览上展出，策展人林悦认为这些信件是珍贵的历史记录，展现了战争年代的温暖与信念。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Touched by the firm family and country feelings in the letters, as well as the precious records of soldiers’ daily life in the 1930s, when most of China was suffering from the flames of war, he made every effort to collect and preserve the complete set of 36 letters.(这些信件中坚定的家国情怀，以及 20 世纪 30 年代（当时中国大部分地区正饱受战火蹂躏）战士日常生活的珍贵记录，深深打动了他。他竭尽全力收集并保存下这全套共 36 封信件)”可知，最初吸引张丁的是信件中真挚的情感和记录，故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Some of the letters, together with other collections from home letter collectors across China, were displayed in Letters from the Front: Memories of the War of Resistance — an exhibition held from September 18 to 24, as a part of the 2025 Beijing International Culture Festival. The exhibition showed more than 80 pieces of collections, recording the real lives of Chinese soldiers and people in the rear area during the 1930s.(其中部分信件，与来自全国各地家书收藏家的其他藏品一同，在 《前线家书：抗战记忆展览中展出。该展览于 9 月 18 日至 24 日举办，是 2025 北京国际文化节的一部分。 本次展览共展出80 余件藏品，记录了 20 世纪 30 年代中国军人与后方民众的真实生活)”可知，这个展览以战时信件为中心，故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Lin Yue, the chief curator of the exhibition, regards such letters as more than just old collections. They record how ordinary Chinese people stuck to their faith and guarded their home in hard times.(展览的首席策展人林悦认为，这些信件不仅仅是旧藏品。它们记录了普通中国人在艰难时期如何坚守信仰、保卫家园)”可知，林悦认为这些信件是有价值的历史记录，故选A项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。主要讲述60多岁的家信收藏家张丁收集到一套抗战时期的战场家信，这些信件连同其他收藏家的藏品在相关展览上展出，策展人林悦认为这些信件是珍贵的历史记录，展现了战争年代的温暖与信念。D选项“Warmth and Faith in Old Letters (旧信件中的温暖与信念)”为最佳标题，故选D项。 Passage 4 （2026·山西临汾·一模） Mercor, one of the Bay Area’s hottest AI startups (初创公司), is hiring like crazy. It seeks experts in many fields, such as astronomers, psychologists, filmmakers and creative writers. The catch? You have to be willing to train artificial intelligence to one day do your job as well as you can. In 2025, it hired over 30,000 contractors. These white-collar contractors review the output of the large language models that power chatbots and other AI tools. When Katie Williams, 30, first saw a Mercor job posting for a video editor, she applied and soon landed an interview. She is now about six months into various projects that have involved watching video clips, writing detailed captions (字幕), and rating the quality of videos created by AI. She has mixed feelings about the work. “I joked with my friends I’m training AI to take my job someday,” she says. The 61-year-old Peter. Valdes-Dapena, an automotive journalist, now spends 20 to 30 hours a week reviewing news articles written by AI. He finds the work challenging and says it has improved his own writing. The nature of the work does produce some internal conflict. He says journalists will always exist — he thinks people appreciate ideas and writing from humans — but he worries AI could lead to more job losses. “I didn’t invent AI and I’m not going to uninvent it,” he says. “If I were to stop doing this, would that stop it? The answer is no.” “Many of the people we work with already see AI as unavoidable in their field, but that doesn’t mean humans will run out of meaningful work,” a Mercor spokeswoman said. “Many of our experts see it as their responsibility to infuse (注入) their knowledge and expertise into the models to ensure accurate and thoughtful outcomes.” 24 What can we learn about Mercor from paragraph 1? A. It is in great need of AI trainers. B. It leads Bay Area’s AI industry. C. It is developing its own AI models. D. It aims to replace its contractors with AI. 1. How does Peter feel about his work? A. Curious and excited. B. Favorable but uneasy. C. Uninterested and bored, D. Tolerant but disappointed. 2. What message does the Mercor spokeswoman convey? A. Human work will lose its meaning. B. AI will cause mass unemployment. C. Human workers are essential to guide AI. D. Experts should limit the development of AI. 3. What is the best title for the text? A. Mercor: A Rising AI Star B. Training AI: Self-Replacement? C. AI Tools: A Blessing for Workers D. Job Seekers: New Hope in AI? 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了默科尔公司招聘人类训练AI所引发的自我替代担忧。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Mercor, one of the Bay Area’s hottest AI startups (初创公司), is hiring like crazy. It seeks experts in many fields, such as astronomers, psychologists, filmmakers and creative writers. The catch? You have to be willing to train artificial intelligence to one day do your job as well as you can. In 2025, it hired over 30,000 contractors. These white-collar contractors review the output of the large language models that power chatbots and other AI tools.(默科尔是湾区最炙手可热的人工智能初创公司之一，目前正在大肆招人。它招揽多个领域的专业人才，比如天文学家、心理学家、电影制片人和创意作家。有个条件？你必须愿意训练人工智能，让它将来能把你的工作做得和你一样出色。2025年，该公司雇佣了超过三万名合同工。这些白领合同工负责审核为聊天机器人及其他AI工具提供支持的大型语言模型的输出内容。)”可知，默科尔公司急需人工智能训练师。故选A。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“He finds the work challenging and says it has improved his own writing. The nature of the work does produce some internal conflict. He says journalists will always exist — he thinks people appreciate ideas and writing from humans — but he worries AI could lead to more job losses.(他发现这项工作很有挑战性，并说这提高了自己的写作水平。这项工作的性质确实产生了一些内心的冲突。他说记者永远不会消失 —— 他认为人们会欣赏来自人类的想法与文字 —— 但他担心AI会导致更多人失业。)”可知，Peter觉得自己的工作既有利（提升了写作水平）又令人不安（担心AI会导致更多人失业）。故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Many of the people we work with already see AI as unavoidable in their field, but that doesn’t mean humans will run out of meaningful work,” a Mercor spokeswoman said. “Many of our experts see it as their responsibility to infuse (注入) their knowledge and expertise into the models to ensure accurate and thoughtful outcomes.”(“和我们合作的许多人都认为，AI在他们所在的领域已不可避免，但这并不意味着人类就没有有意义的工作可做了，”默科尔的一位女发言人表示，“我们的许多专家认为，把自己的知识和专业技能注入模型，确保输出结果准确、周全，是他们的责任。”)”可知，默科尔发言人想传达的信息是，人类员工对于指导人工智能至关重要。故选C。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。文章主要讨论了Mercor公司招聘人类专家来训练人工智能，而这些专家又担心人工智能最终会取代自己的工作，即训练人工智能是否意味着自我替代。因此，B项“训练人工智能：自我替代？”最符合文章主旨。故选B。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （2026·北京房山·一模） There’s always one nonexistent friend in the group chat, who contributes little to the chat. That friend is me. When a new group chat is created, the members will inevitably come to laugh at my inability to respond to a simple question within a matter of hours. In fact, I pride myself on my swift response time when it comes to important work emails. “Call me instead,” I tell my friends. “I’m a much better caller.” If it’s urgent, I’ll pick up and always be there. But if I read a message and categorise it as non-urgent, then it’s a different story. Say a friend messages me, asking for my thoughts about a new album. I’ll read it, automatically reply in my head — “I love it” — but mentally file it away in the non-urgent cabinet, telling myself that I’ll tend to that non-urgent filing cabinet as soon as possible. Then I will be typing another email — and absolutely forgetting to revisit that non-urgent cabinet. My declaration of love for the album arrives very, very late. I want to stress I do love my friends and I am grateful to be included in all of the group chats. I simply find it overwhelming to keep up with the never-ending stream of message notifications. In these moments, the message notifications often fall by the wayside, my friends’ messages go unanswered and I sometimes feel like abandoning my phone and zoning out. Not to be dramatic. I recently asked one of my friends how they felt about my bad texting habits. She’s that one friend you can always rely on to give you the non-sugarcoated truth. She said, “The truth is that we knew we had reached a new level of love and companionship when we accepted how terrible you are at replying and chose to embrace it.” “To be fair,” she added, “when we do eventually get an answer out of you — you are always down, you always show up when we need you, you never flake or cancel and you’re usually the one driving 40 minutes across town to see us. We can handle the group chat radio silence in return for that kind of friendship.” At this moment, I think about each friend’s role in the group — the prolific messenger, the caller, the nonresponder — and how we all communicate and contribute to the group in different ways. All expressing love in different ways, too. 1. Why does the author often fail to respond to messages timely? A. She thinks non-urgent messages not worth replying to. B. She finds group conversations exhausting and boring. C. She prioritizes work emails over personal messages. D. She mentally responds but forgets to actually reply. 2. What can we know about the author’s friends? A. They give up on judging each other. B. They learn to accept her the way she is. C. They adapt to her preference for phone calls. D. They complain about her sugarcoated excuses. 3. Which word would best describe the author’s role in her friendship? A. Reliable. B. Independent. C. Difficult. D. Insincere. 4. What does the author mainly convey in the passage? A. A late reply is better than no response. B. Love speaks more than one language. C. Non-responders deserve more love. D. Actions speak louder than words. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述作者不擅长及时回复消息，但真心珍视朋友，朋友也包容她的习惯；她明白友谊之爱有不同的表达方式。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“I’ll read it, automatically reply in my head — “I love it” — but mentally file it away in the non-urgent cabinet, telling myself that I’ll tend to that non-urgent filing cabinet as soon as possible. Then I will be typing another email — and absolutely forgetting to revisit that non-urgent cabinet.(我会看到这条消息，在心里自动回复“我喜欢它”，但在心里把它归入非紧急信息类别，告诉自己会尽快处理这些非紧急信息。然后我会去写另一封邮件，并且完全忘记再去查看这些非紧急信息。)”可知，作者会在心里进行回复，但是之后会忘记真正发出文字回复，因此作者经常不能及时回复消息。故选D项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“The truth is that we knew we had reached a new level of love and companionship when we accepted how terrible you are at replying and chose to embrace it.(事实是，当我们接受了你回复消息很不及时这件事并且选择包容你时，我们就知道我们的友情和陪伴已经达到了新的高度。)”可知，作者的朋友接受了她不及时回复消息的特点，因此我们可以了解到作者的朋友学会了接受她原本的样子。故选B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“when we do eventually get an answer out of you — you are always down, you always show up when we need you, you never flake or cancel and you’re usually the one driving 40 minutes across town to see us.(等我们终于从你这里得到准信儿时 —— 你总是那么靠谱，我们需要时你总会出现，从不爽约、从不临时取消，还常常开车 40 分钟穿城来看我们。)”可知，作者在朋友需要时总能可靠地出现并提供陪伴，因此最能描述作者在友谊中角色的词语是可靠的。故选A项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文特别是最后一段“At this moment, I think about each friend’s role in the group — the prolific messenger, the caller, the nonresponder — and how we all communicate and contribute to the group in different ways. All expressing love in different ways, too.(在这一刻，我想到了每个朋友在群体中的角色 —— 频繁发消息的人、打电话的人、不回复消息的人，以及我们所有人如何用不同的方式交流并为友情付出。我们也都在用不同的方式表达爱。)”可知，作者想要表达爱有多种不同的表达方式。故选B项。 Passage 2 （2026·陕西西安·一模） One of my bad habits is saying “busy” when people ask me how I’m doing. Sometimes it’s because I actually am busy, but other times it’s because that’s what I think I’m supposed to say. That’s what important people say. That’s what people who get promoted say. But working long hours doesn’t drive better results. Never taking a vacation won’t lead to a promotion. So why are we so proud to talk about how busy we are all the time? In 2016, researchers from Columbia, Harvard, and Georgetown conducted a study to figure it out. They found busy people are perceived to be of high status, and interestingly, these status attributions are heavily influenced by our own beliefs about social mobility. In other words, the more we believe that one has the opportunity for success based on hard work, the more we tend to think that people who skip leisure and work all the time are of higher standing. That’s why we feel like we have to appear busy, and there’s a real perception that if someone is knee-deep in meetings, emails, and stress, then they’re probably a big deal. This culture of busyness is making it hard for employees to find work-life balance. According to a recent study, one in five highly engaged employees is at risk of burnout. Personally, I’m going to stop saying “busy” when people ask me how I am. It sounds self-righteous (自以为是的) and sets the wrong tone. Phrases like “I have limited access to email” and “I’ll respond as soon as I get back” sound like you’re being held against your will from working as opposed to making the most of your time off. By rejecting the myth that business equals worth, we free ourselves and others from exhaustion. True success isn’t about working harder; it’s about working smarter and finding balance. Let’s redefine what it means to be productive — and start valuing rest as much as effort. 1. How does the author introduce the topic in the first paragraph? A. By quoting famous people. B. By presenting statistical data. C. By comparing different opinions. D. By introducing personal experience. 2. Why do we tend to think that busy people are of high status? A. Our status can be attributed to our social mobility. B. We hold the belief that hard work leads to success. C. Our own opportunity for success never comes easily. D. We find few people of high status have time for leisure. 3. What does the underlined phrase “knee-deep in” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Bored with. B. Worried about. C. Fully involved in. D. Very interested in. 4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To advise employees on how to achieve work-life balance. B. To share his personal experience of overcoming a bad habit. C. To introduce a study on people’s attitude towards busyness. D. To argue against the culture of equating busyness with worth. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章作者结合个人经历探讨了“忙碌等于价值”这一文化现象，指出其导致工作与生活失衡、员工面临倦怠风险，呼吁重新定义生产力，重视休息与平衡。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“One of my bad habits is saying “busy” when people ask me how I’m doing. Sometimes it’s because I actually am busy, but other times it’s because that’s what I think I’m supposed to say. That’s what important people say.(我的一个坏习惯是当别人问我过得怎么样时，我总是说“忙”。有时是因为我真的很忙，但其他时候是因为我觉得我应该这么说。)”可知，作者在第一段中通过介绍个人经历来引入话题。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“They found busy people are perceived to be of high status, and interestingly, these status attributions are heavily influenced by our own beliefs about social mobility. In other words, the more we believe that one has the opportunity for success based on hard work, the more we tend to think that people who skip leisure and work all the time are of higher standing.(他们发现忙碌的人被认为地位很高，有趣的是，这些地位归因在很大程度上受到我们自己对社会流动性的看法的影响。换句话说，我们越相信一个人有机会通过努力工作取得成功，我们就越倾向于认为那些放弃休闲、一直工作的人地位更高。)”可知，我们倾向于认为忙碌的人地位很高是因为我们相信努力工作会带来成功。故选B。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据上文“That’s why we feel like we have to appear busy(这就是为什么我们总觉得自己必须表现得很忙)”和下文“This culture of busyness is making it hard for employees to find work-life balance.(这种“忙碌文化”让员工很难找到工作与生活的平衡点。)”可知，人们确实普遍认为，要是有人深陷会议、邮件和压力之中，那他很可能是个重要人物。由此可知，knee-deep in意思是“深陷于”，选项C“Fully involved in”意思是“完全参与其中”，符合语境。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“By rejecting the myth that business equals worth, we free ourselves and others from exhaustion. True success isn’t about working harder; it’s about working smarter and finding balance. Let’s redefine what it means to be productive — and start valuing rest as much as effort.(通过拒绝“忙碌等于价值”这一谬论，我们使自己和他人从疲惫中解脱出来。真正的成功不在于更努力地工作，而在于更聪明地工作并找到平衡。让我们重新定义什么是高效——并开始像重视努力一样重视休息。)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是反对将忙碌等同于价值的文化。故选D。 Passage 3 （2026·河北盐山·一模） China’s young people have created yet another word to reflect their growing disappointment with the stressful work culture. The new lifestyle hot word, tang ping, is an action rather than a feeling — deciding to just go by, using a minimum effort at an unsatisfactory job. Wendy said that her lying-down philosophy could be summed up as “Putting the peacefulness of the body and soul first.” “According to the mainstream standard, a good lifestyle must include working hard, trying to get good results on work evaluations, struggling to buy a house and a car, and having babies,” she said, “However, I am looking forward to ‘lying down entirely’— quitting my job and living off my savings.” Tang ping has come under fire from Chinese state media. “No matter what, young people must have confidence in the future,” read a newspaper. “China is the world’s most populous country, with rich labor resources and a huge market advantage. The only happy life is a hard-working life. “The lying-down community obviously isn’t good for the country’s economic and social development,” said Guangming Daily. However, the newspaper added that tang ping shouldn’t be ignored without reflection: if China wants to encourage hard work in the young generation, it should first try to improve their quality of life. “The state is worried about what would happen if everyone stopped working,” said Huang Ping, a literature professor. “But humans aren’t merely tools for making things,” he said. To lie down is a reasonable choice rather than a negative attitude. For some young people, it’s a way for them to reduce pressure. “When you can’t catch up with society’s development— say, high house prices — tang ping is actually the most practical choice.” he said. Lying down can be seen as the opposite of involution (内卷), referring to societies becoming trapped in continual cycles of competition. “In a relatively good social environment, people may feel involuted, but at least they’re trying” he said. “If it’s worse, people will tang ping.” Alternatively, the more motivated among the young generation have accepted FIRE—“Financial Independence, Retire Early” — in the hope of someday escaping the severe competition once and for all. 1. What is Wendy’s goal in life? A. To keep up with society’s development. B. To depend on her savings to live. C. To get promoted in her company. D. To be highly evaluated at work. 2. What do state media think the young should do? A. Improve their quality of life. B. Reflect on China’s development. C. Base their future on hard work. D. Live a happy life by lying down. 3. What does Professor Huang think of the “lying down” style? A. It means low quality of life for the young. B. It prevents the development of society. C. It motivates the young to welcome their future. D. It removes the heavy life pressure from the young. 4. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. A healthy society doesn’t involve competition. B. Young people prefer involution to tang ping. C. Severe competition is the main cause of lying down. D. More active young people favour severe competition. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了中国的流行热词“躺平”，及其背后所反映的社会问题与现象。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。由第二段“However, I am looking forward to ‘lying down entirely’—quitting my job and living off my savings.(然而，我期待“完全躺平”——辞掉工作，靠积蓄谋生)”可知，Wendy打算依赖她的存款生活。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。由第三段“The only happy life is a hard-working life.(唯一幸福的生活是勤劳的生活)”可知，媒体认为年轻人应该通过努力工作，创造未来。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。由第四段“To lie down is a reasonable choice rather than a negative attitude. For some young people, it’s a way for them to reduce pressure.(躺平是一种合理的选择，而不是消极的态度。 对于一些年轻人来说，这是他们减压的一种方式)”可知，黄教授认为躺平生活方式消除了年轻人沉重的生活压力。故选D项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。由尾段“Alternatively, the more motivated among the young generation have accepted FIRE—“Financial Independence, Retire Early” — in the hope of someday escaping the severe competition once and for all.(或者，年轻一代中更有动力的人接受了 FIRE——“财务独立，提早退休”——希望有一天能一劳永逸地摆脱激烈的竞争)”可知，竞争压力大才是大家选择躺平模式的主要原因。故选C项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026·山东青州·一模） Influenced by factors like school funding, sports facilities, teacher resources and safetyconcems, traditional physical education was limited to static (静态的) scenes and closed gymsand playgrounds, which lacked interaction and feedback functions. PE curiculum was also restricted to basic sports like ball games, track and field and gymnastics. However, the emergence and application of new technologies like virtual reality (VR), 3D technology, greatly expand and innovate sports scenes, providing possibilities for the construction of a flexible “on-site, on- campus, online” integrated new sports world. IT can build online virtual learning environments for students, creating teaching scenes hard to achieve in physical world. Many schools have already partnered with technology companies to create different teaching scenes using digital sports products. The University of South Florida has cooperated with the VR sports training company Sense Arena, allowing students to practice tennis on its globally pioneering VR tennis training platform. Students use the Meta Quest 2 headset and VR touching racket (球拍) which imitates the weight and feel of a real tennis racket. The platform features 35 training modes imitating various scenes in real-life tennis matches, including crowd noise, dazzling sunlight, shadows and wind. Athletes can engage in various forms of training, such as skill practice, technical analysis and match imitation. Such virtual sports teaching space further enhances the experience of PE learning. Technology-based physical education not only serves ordinary students’ physical health but also addresses the needs of special groups in sports, especially students who cannot participate in regular PE classes due to physical, psychological or social adaptation issues. Many schools offer specialized sports programs to disabled students, like the “Pathways to Inclusion” program launched by the University of Queensland, which tailors various sports activities to different disabilities, such as blind football and wheelchair hockey. This is made possible with the support of sports technology, as different symptoms require the use of different sports equipment. Through scientific, healthy and joyful educational concepts, technology-empowered PE classes convey the values of creating and enjoying a personalized experience, developing a sports education where everyone participates and benefits. 1. How do new technologies change traditional PE class according to paragraph 1? A. By investing more in basic sports. B. By combining it with academic study. C. By making dynamic PE class possible. D. By replacing PE teachers with AI teachers. 2. Which of the following services can Sense Arena provide? A. Real-life tennis matches. B. Virtual headsets and rackets. C. Imitative distracting conditions. D. Sufficient sports space on campus. 3. What does “Pathways to Inclusion” program feature? A. Professional knowledge about psychology. B. Technology-assisted sports for the disabled. C. Interactive activities with ordinary students. D. Personalized medical treatment for disabilities. 4. What is the author’s writing purpose of the text? A. To advertise a new VR product. B. To raise public awareness of physical education. C. To stress the importance of equality among students. D. To introduce a new application of technology in PE class. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 4. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了体育课上引入的一种新的技术应用。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Influenced by factors like school funding, sports facilities, teacher resources and safetyconcems, traditional physical education was limited to static(静态的) scenes and closed gymsand playgrounds, which lacked interaction and feedback functions. (受学校经费、体育设施、教师资源、安全等因素的影响，传统的体育教育仅限于静态场景和封闭的体育馆、操场，缺乏互动和反馈功能)”和“However, the emergence and application of new technologies like virtual reality (VR), 3D technology, greatly expand and innovate sports scenes, providing possibilities for the construction of a flexible ‘on-site, on- campus, online’ integrated new sports world. (然而，虚拟现实(VR)、3D技术等新技术的出现和应用，极大地拓展和创新了体育场景，为构建灵活的‘现场、校园、在线’一体化新体育世界提供了可能)”可知，新技术使动态体育课成为可能。故选C项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The platform features 35 training modes imitating various scenes in real-life tennis matches, including crowd noise, dazzling sunlight, shadows and wind. (该平台拥有35种训练模式，模拟现实网球比赛中的各种场景，包括人群噪音、耀眼的阳光、阴影和风)”可知，Sense Arena可以提供模仿分散注意力的条件。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Many schools offer specialized sports programs to disabled students, like the “Pathways to Inclusion” program launched by the University of Queensland, which tailors various sports activities to different disabilities, such as blind football and wheelchair hockey. (许多学校为残疾学生提供专门的体育项目，如昆士兰大学推出的‘Pathways to Inclusion’项目，该项目为不同的残疾学生量身定制各种体育活动，如盲人足球和轮椅曲棍球)”可知，“Pathways to Inclusion”项目的特色是为残疾人运动进行技术辅助。故选B项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段中“However, the emergence and application of new technologies like virtual reality (VR), 3D technology, greatly expand and innovate sports scenes, providing possibilities for the construction of a flexible ‘on-site, on- campus, online’ integrated new sports world. (然而，虚拟现实(VR)、3D技术等新技术的出现和应用，极大地拓展和创新了体育场景，为构建灵活的‘现场、校园、在线’一体化新体育世界提供了可能)”可知，作者的写作目的是介绍体育课上引入的一种新的技术应用。故选D项。 Passage 2 （2026·山西太原·一模） Sint-Paulus, a primary school in Kortrijk, Belgium, won the 2023 New European Bauhaus Award with its “Climate Playground” project. A climate adaptive playground goes for smart rainwater handling, offers greenery, softens school ground, and creates opportunities to discover climate issues. This connection to nature has made school a lot more fun. What has changed underground is an important part of the climate playground design. A rainwater collection system with a capacity of 150,000 litres has been installed (安装) and rainwater is stored and reused. What cannot be stored flows away into the planting, making the school highly effective at absorbing water. Green spaces account for at least 60 percent although some of the area remains hard-surfaced for ball games on rainy days. Trees and bushes form the green areas with a colourful background of flowers. These green spaces act as outright invitations to play and provide space for natural-looking play facilities. Children run on the courses, enjoy challenging tasks, and play games like hide-and-seek, which greatly enriches their outdoor life. The climate playground also offers teachers extra instructional opportunities. They no longer have to visit parks to teach about blossoms and autumn colouring as the playground offers constant, varied learning experiences. Teachers often organize projects such as Bird-counting Day, where children feed birds and identify different species. There is also a popular vegetable garden, where children actively grow plants and healthy food. In a separate area, there is a chicken house managed by sixth-graders. Teachers use it to make math lessons extra engaging. Children weigh the feed and put it into statistics against the number of eggs they collect. In recent years, Sint-Paulus’ practice has led to the establishment of BLES — a network of experts in outdoor play and learning. It supports dozens of schools in greening and softening their grounds. In the long run, such playgrounds are expected to become the norm, as there is no better place for children to learn about the environment than a climate playground. 1. What can we learn about the Climate Playground project from paragraph 1? A. It purifies rainwater for daily use. B. It promotes students’ physical health. C. It is intended to compete for an award. D. It puts climate discovery in a natural setting. 2. Why does some of the area of the ground remain hard-surfaced? A. To ensure easy maintenance. B. To enrich students’ outdoor life. C. To provide space for facilities. D. To fit different weather conditions. 3. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. Creative teaching methods. B. Educational value of the playground. C. Physical activity schedules. D. Practical tips on vegetable gardening. 4. Which of the following agrees with the educational philosophy of Sint-Paulus? A. True education starts outside campus. B. School can serve as an extension of nature. C. A child’s growth should be a journey, not a race. D. Playground design balances study and entertainment. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了比利时科特赖克市圣保禄小学（Sint-Paulus）凭借“气候游乐场”项目荣获2023年新欧洲包豪斯奖的实践与影响。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“A climate adaptive playground goes for smart rainwater handling, offers greenery, softens school ground, and creates opportunities to discover climate issues. This connection to nature has made school a lot more fun.(这个适应气候的游乐场注重智能雨水处理，提供绿化设施，使校园环境更加柔和，并为孩子们提供了探索气候问题的机会。这种与自然的紧密联系让学校变得更加有趣。)”可知，“气候游乐场”项目将气候探索置于自然环境中进行。故选D。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Green spaces account for at least 60 percent although some of the area remains hard-surfaced for ball games on rainy days.(尽管部分区域仍保持硬质铺面，以便在雨天进行球类运动，绿地面积至少占总面积的 60%。)”可知，部分区域的地表仍保持为硬质路面是为了适应不同的天气状况。故选D。 【3题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“The climate playground also offers teachers extra instructional opportunities. They no longer have to visit parks to teach about blossoms and autumn colouring as the playground offers constant, varied learning experiences. Teachers often organize projects such as Bird-counting Day, where children feed birds and identify different species. There is also a popular vegetable garden, where children actively grow plants and healthy food. In a separate area, there is a chicken house managed by sixth-graders. Teachers use it to make math lessons extra engaging.(气候游乐场还为教师提供了额外的教学机会。教师无需再前往公园讲授花朵绽放或秋日变色的知识，因为游乐场本身就能提供持续且多元的学习体验。教师常组织“观鸟日”等项目，让孩子们喂食鸟类并识别不同物种；园内还设有广受欢迎的蔬菜种植区，孩子们在这里亲手种植植物和健康食材；在另一片独立区域，六年级学生负责管理鸡舍，教师借此将数学课变得生动有趣——孩子们称量饲料，并将数据与收集的鸡蛋数量进行统计分析。)”可知，本段主要介绍了操场的教育价值。故选B。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In recent years, Sint-Paulus’ practice has led to the establishment of BLES — a network of experts in outdoor play and learning. It supports dozens of schools in greening and softening their grounds. In the long run, such playgrounds are expected to become the norm, as there is no better place for children to learn about the environment than a climate playground.(近年来，Sint-Paulus的实践推动了“户外游乐与学习专家网络”（BLES）的成立。该网络为数十所学校提供支持，助力其实现校园绿化与地面软化改造。长远来看，这类游乐场有望成为主流，因为对于儿童而言，没有比气候游乐场更理想的自然环境教育场所了。)”可知，符合Sint-Paulus的教育理念的是学校可以作为自然的延伸。故选B。 Passage 3 （2026·山东德州·一模） Australia’s tropical forests have become the world’s first to emit (排放) more carbon into the atmosphere than they are taking in, as a new study report in Nature. This switch is an alarm bell for the planet’s tropical forests, sounding as global leaders prepare for the COP30 meeting in the Amazon rainforest to address the crisis of global climate change. The long-term analysis of Australia’s rainforests from 1971 to 2019 revealed that the forests’ woody biomass — its hard branches and trunks — has been shrinking since around the year 2000. Rising temperatures, droughts and tropical cyclones (气旋) driven by human activities have dramatically increased tree death rate, releasing stored carbon back into the atmosphere. Surprisingly, the extra atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) didn’t boost plant growth as climate models predicted, likely due to limited availability of nutrients plants need like phosphorus and other basic ones — a factor that must be considered in estimating the fate of forests. The Amazon rainforest, which spans an area nearly as large as the continental United States and is currently shouldering a quarter of land-based carbon dioxide annually, is also at risk. It suffered its worst drought in 2024, with deforestation reaching 17 percent. Scientists have warned it could face widespread dieback by 2035 under the pressure of climate change, deforestation and extreme weather like storms. Other tropical forests face similar threats. Africa’s Congo Basin forests, once relatively stable, have shown increased tree death rate since 2010. Southeast Asia’s forests are endangered by the development of urbanization and agriculture. A report made by the U. N. Environment Programme (UNEP) notes that about 291 million of the world’s 1.6 billion hectares of tropical forest are delicate, easily erased off from the green block forever. Protecting these forests will require global financial investments to triple to $300 billion by 2030, yet global efforts for the protection are falling short of the intended commitments. “Tropical forests are huge carbon reservoirs and we must cherish the forest carbon stocks already built up over centuries, or even millennia.” says the programme manager Wannes Hubau in the report. “Losing them would be like setting off a carbon bomb, worsening climate change.” 1. What happened to the Australia’s tropical forests? A. They were expanding rapidly. B. They became a carbon-friendly place. C. Their woody biomass was on increase. D. They were turning into carbon emitters. 2. What might limit Australia’s forest growth with more CO₂? A. Long-term data analysis. B. Insufficient basic nutrients. C. Storage of carbon in trunks. D. Climate model expectations. 3. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Tropical forests will die back by 2035. B. Farming destroys forests in tropical regions. C. Tropical forests face growing global threats. D. Droughts cause most rainforest loss worldwide. 4. What can we learn from the UNEP report? A. Few tropical forests are at high risk. B. Tropical forest conservation lacks funds. C. The death rate of tropical forests is declining. D. Africa’s forests have the highest tree death rate. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了澳大利亚热带森林成为全球首个碳净排放区，全球热带森林面临气候危机，保护工作迫在眉睫。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Australia’s tropical forests have become the world’s first to emit (排放) more carbon into the atmosphere than they are taking in, as a new study report in Nature.(《自然》杂志发布的一项最新研究报告显示，澳大利亚的热带森林已成为全球首个向大气中排放的碳超过其吸收量的生态系统。)”可知，澳大利亚的热带森林成为全球首个碳排放量超过吸收量的地区，正在变成碳排放源。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Surprisingly, the extra atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) didn’t boost plant growth as climate models predicted, likely due to limited availability of nutrients plants need like phosphorus and other basic ones—a factor that must be considered in estimating the fate of forests.(令人意外的是，大气中额外的二氧化碳并未如气候模型预测的那样促进植物生长，原因很可能是植物所需的磷等营养物质供应有限——这一因素在评估森林的未来走向时必须予以考虑。)”可知，额外的二氧化碳未能促进植物生长，原因是植物所需的磷等基础营养物质供应有限。故选B。 【3题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“The Amazon rainforest, which spans an area nearly as large as the continental United States and is currently shouldering a quarter of land-based carbon dioxide annually, is also at risk. It suffered its worst drought in 2024, with deforestation reaching 17 percent. Scientists have warned it could face widespread dieback by 2035 under the pressure of climate change, deforestation and extreme weather like storms.(亚马逊雨林的面积几乎与美国本土相当，目前每年承担着陆地四分之一的二氧化碳吸收量，如今也面临着风险。2024年，该雨林遭遇了最严重的干旱，森林砍伐率达到17%。科学家警告称，在气候变化、森林砍伐以及风暴等极端天气的压力下，到2035年，亚马逊雨林可能会出现大面积枯死。)”以及全段内容可知，第三段主要讲述了亚马逊雨林、非洲刚果盆地森林、东南亚森林等全球热带森林均面临气候变化、砍伐、极端天气等不同威胁。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Protecting these forests will require global financial investments to triple to $300 billion by 2030, yet global efforts for the protection are falling short of the intended commitments.(到2030年，保护这些森林所需的全球资金投入需增至目前的三倍，达到3000亿美元，然而全球的保护行动并未达到预期的承诺目标。)”可知，保护热带森林的资金投入存在巨大缺口，全球保护行动未达预期。故选B。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （2026·北京海淀·一模） Meritocracy (优绩主义) has become a leading social ideal. Politicians continually return to the theme that the rewards of life — money, jobs, university admission — should be distributed according to skill and effort. Conceptually and morally, meritocracy is presented as the opposite of hereditary aristocracy, in which one’s social position is determined by the lottery of birth. Although widely held, the belief that merit rather than luck determines success or failure in the world is demonstrably false. This is not least because merit itself is, in large part, the result of luck. Talent and the capacity for determined effort depend a great deal on one’s genetic gifts and upbringing. This is to say nothing of other fortuitous circumstances that figure into every success story. In his book Success and Luck, Robert Frank recounts the coincidences behind the stellar rise of many successful entrepreneurs. Luck intervenes by offering people merit, and again by furnishing circumstances where merit can translate into success. This is not to deny the industry and talent of successful people. However, it does demonstrate that the link between merit and outcome is weak and indirect at best. In addition to being false, research suggests that believing in meritocracy makes people more selfish, less self-critical and even more prone to acting in discriminatory ways. The “ultimatum game” is a common psychological experiment, where one player is given a sum of money and told to propose a division between him and another player, who may accept or reject the offer. If the offer is rejected, neither gets anything. Usually a relatively even split is offered. In one variation, participants played a fake game of skill before making offers. Players who were led to believe they had “won” claimed more for themselves than those who engaged in games of chance. Similar studies suggest that just having the idea of skill in mind makes people more tolerant of unequal outcomes. By contrast, research on gratitude indicates that remembering the role of luck increases generosity. Simply asking subjects to recall external contributors to their successes made them more likely to give to charity than those remembering internal factors. Part of meritocracy’s moral appeal is its power to justify the existing social order. On top of that, it also offers flattery. Where success is determined by merit, each win can be viewed as a reflection of personal worth and worldly failures become signs of personal weaknesses. Meritocracy ought to be abandoned both as a belief about how the world works and as a general social ideal. It’s false, and believing in it encourages selfishness, discrimination and indifference to the struggles of the unfortunate. 1. What can we learn from the first three paragraphs? A. Politicians argue life rewards are set at birth. B. Talent and determination owe nothing to luck. C. Industry enhances merit and directs to success. D. Merit is largely decided by circumstantial factors. 2. What does the author imply by citing the “ultimatum game” experiment? A. The results confirm meritocracy’s moral appeal. B. Belief in merit may encourage selfishness and bias. C. Ideas of skill can increase our willingness to donate. D. Games of chance ensure even distribution of resources. 3. The author feels meritocracy’s moral appeal is ______. A. erroneous B. justified C. practical D. groundless 4. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To criticise the mindset of chasing success. B. To challenge a commonly held social belief. C. To compare different social reward systems. D. To evaluate the pros and cons of meritocracy. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章针对当下流行的优绩主义社会理念展开论述，指出成功并非只由能力和努力决定，运气等偶然因素同样重要，并且信奉优绩主义会使人变得自私、产生偏见，最终提出应当摒弃这一理念。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“This is not least because merit itself is, in large part, the result of luck. Talent and the capacity for determined effort depend a great deal on one’s genetic gifts and upbringing.(这在很大程度上是因为能力本身在很大程度上是运气的结果。天赋和坚持不懈的努力能力在很大程度上取决于一个人的基因天赋和成长环境。)”以及第三段中的“This is to say nothing of other fortuitous circumstances that figure into every success story.(更不用说每个成功故事中都存在的其他偶然环境因素了。)”可知，能力在很大程度上由环境等偶然因素决定。故选D项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“In addition to being false, research suggests that believing in meritocracy makes people more selfish, less self-critical and even more prone to acting in discriminatory ways. The “ultimatum game” is a common psychological experiment, where one player is given a sum of money and told to propose a division between him and another player, who may accept or reject the offer. If the offer is rejected, neither gets anything. Usually a relatively even split is offered. In one variation, participants played a fake game of skill before making offers. Players who were led to believe they had “won” claimed more for themselves than those who engaged in games of chance. Similar studies suggest that just having the idea of skill in mind makes people more tolerant of unequal outcomes.(研究表明，信奉优绩主义不仅是错误的，还会让人变得更加自私、缺乏自省，甚至更容易做出歧视性的行为。“最后通牒游戏” 是一项常见的心理学实验：实验中一名参与者会获得一笔钱，并需要提出自己与另一名参与者的分配方案，后者可以选择接受或拒绝该方案。如果方案被拒绝，两人都将一无所获。通常情况下，人们会提出相对公平的分配方式。 在该实验的一个变体中，参与者在提出分配方案前会先进行一场虚假的技能比拼。那些被引导认为自己“获胜”的参与者，会比参与纯概率游戏的人给自己分配更多的钱。类似研究还表明，仅仅是脑海中产生 “凭借能力取胜” 的想法，就会让人对不平等的结果更加宽容。)”可知，作者通过引用“最后通牒游戏”实验暗示相信能力决定成败可能会助长自私与偏见。故选B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Part of meritocracy’s moral appeal is its power to justify the existing social order. On top of that, it also offers flattery. Where success is determined by merit, each win can be viewed as a reflection of personal worth and worldly failures become signs of personal weaknesses.(优绩主义的道德吸引力部分在于它为现有社会秩序辩护的能力。除此之外，它还提供了奉承。在成功由才能决定的地方，每一次胜利都可以看作是个人价值的反映，而世俗的失败则成为个人弱点的标志。)”以及最后一段“Meritocracy ought to be abandoned both as a belief about how the world works and as a general social ideal. It’s false, and believing in it encourages selfishness, discrimination and indifference to the struggles of the unfortunate.(优绩主义作为一种关于世界如何运作的信念和一种普遍的社会理想，都应该被摒弃。它是错误的，相信它会鼓励自私、歧视和对不幸者挣扎的冷漠。)”可知，作者认为优绩主义的道德吸引力是错误的。故选A项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Meritocracy (优绩主义) has become a leading social ideal.(优绩主义已经成为一种主要的社会理想。)”以及最后一段中的“Meritocracy ought to be abandoned both as a belief about how the world works and as a general social ideal.(优绩主义作为一种关于世界如何运作的信念和一种普遍的社会理想，都应该被摒弃。)”结合全文内容可知，文章主要围绕优绩主义展开讨论，指出其错误及不良影响，目的是挑战一种普遍持有的社会信念。故选B项。 Passage 2 （2026·江西南昌·一模） In the blink of an eye, artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly entered every walk of life, from self-driving taxis to software that reads X-rays, to virtual assistants that can schedule meetings and draft e-mails. However, will AI displace entire industries as mechanized factories did before? Like past world-changing tools such as mechanical cloth-making machines, AI is set to reshape the workplace greatly. But techno-pessimists argue AI’s impact has never been seen before. Economists estimate AI could rob 40% of jobs, with machines replacing much skilled human work and note that even remaining jobs may see declining wages due to reduced labor value. Amid these worries, 2024 Nobel Prize-winning economists Daron Acemoglu and Simon Johnson advise learning from David Ricardo’s flexible thinking about the early Industrial Revolution. In his work Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, economist Ricardo initially supported new spinning machines (纺纱机), believing they would promote productivity for all. Though home spinners were displaced, many shifted to weaving (织布). However, technology changed everything: one machine outperformed 10-20 handweavers, ending cottage industry. Displaced weavers had no choices as factories created few new jobs, leading to falling wages and social unrest. Witnessing these consequences, Ricardo transformed his view. His 1821 revised work acknowledged that factors boosting national income might also make population extra resources and worsen laborers’ conditions. England eventually learned from the struggles of handweavers and the working class. The government expanded political representation for industrial cities, passed the 1833 Factory Act to manage child labor, and ended the protectionist Corn Laws in the 1840s to lower food costs. The history repeats today. As the AI era approaches, Johnson notes that AI has attracted enormous talents, similar to the late-1990s Internet boom, but history — especially the Industrial Revolution — shows that “new miracle machines do not guarantee benefits for most people.” With thoughtful policies, AI can avoid repeating past mistakes and build an inclusive future. When technology is guided by wisdom and responsibility, it can become a powerful tool that lifts people up, reduces inequality, and brings greater opportunities to all. 1. Which question can paragraph 2 answer? A. How is AI to affect the work settings? B. Why has technology replaced human work? C. Who suffered most from the Industrial Revolution? D. What did cloth-making machines bring to workers? 2. Why did David Ricardo change his attitude? A. The closure of cottage industry. B. The appearance of spinning and weaving. C. The indifference of the government. D. The suffering of workers and the society. 3. What lesson can be learned from the text? A. Every step forward is progress. B. Technology makes the complex simple. C. History is where you find the future. D. With great power comes great responsibility. 4. What might be talked about following the last paragraph? A. Details of David Ricardo’s theories. B. Policy examples for guiding AI. C. The introduction of the Internet boom. D. The development of AI technology. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章结合工业革命历史及Ricardo的观点，探讨AI对职场的影响，指出需借助合理政策引导AI，避免重蹈历史覆辙。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Like past world-changing tools such as mechanical cloth-making machines, AI is set to reshape the workplace greatly.(就像过去的机械织布机等改变世界的工具一样，人工智能将极大地重塑工作场所。)”可知，第二段回答了第一段关于人工智能将如何影响工作环境这一问题。故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Displaced weavers had no choices as factories created few new jobs, leading to falling wages and social unrest. Witnessing these consequences, Ricardo transformed his view.(由于工厂几乎没有创造新的就业岗位，失业的织工别无选择，导致工资下降和社会动荡。目睹了这些后果，Ricardo改变了他的观点。)”可知，工人与社会遭受的苦难让Ricardo改变了态度。故选D项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The history repeats today. As the AI era approaches, Johnson notes that AI has attracted enormous talents, similar to the late-1990s Internet boom, but history — especially the Industrial Revolution — shows that “new miracle machines do not guarantee benefits for most people.”(历史在今日重演。随着人工智能时代的到来，约翰逊指出，人工智能吸引了大批人才，这与上世纪90年代末的互联网热潮颇为相似，但历史 —— 尤其是工业革命的历史 —— 表明，“新的神奇机器并不能保证为大多数人带来福祉。”)”可知，我们能从历史中找到应对未来的启示。故选C项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“With thoughtful policies, AI can avoid repeating past mistakes and build an inclusive future.(通过深思熟虑的政策，人工智能可以避免重蹈覆辙，构建一个包容的未来。)”可知，下文最可能谈论引导人工智能发展的具体政策案例。故选B项。 Passage 3 （2026·湖南长郡·一模） A recent study on digital human (数字人) industry has uncovered a noticeable trend:more and more people are forming deep emotional bonds with AI-powered digital humans,which are widely used as virtual companions,online idols and customer service agents.Though whether these digital humans have real emotional feedback remains unproven,this trend has greatly widened the split in the existing cultural and ethical divide. Ethicist Professor Zhang Wei has clearly outlined the two sides of this divide: “One side will accuse the other of dangerously indulging in virtual relationships and escaping real social interactions,while the other will dismiss the first group as’refusing to accept the new form of emotional connection in the digital age’.” His concern is not unreasonable. Today, some people already share their deepest secrets with digital humans and even treat them as life partners,while others laugh off the idea as nothing more than“confusing programmed responses with real feelings”. So what might a digital human with widely recognized“emotional value” look like? Imagine a lifelong companion that listens to your troubles,celebrates your achievements, accompanies you through hard times, and even grows and changes with you over the years.Crucially,this companion will have a continuous “memory” and form a unique interaction mode with you,much like a real friend. While today’s digital humans are not yet at this stage, they are developing at an amazing speed.When that future arrives,more intense conflicts over their status and rights will be unavoidable. History offers similar examples. Consider the wide acceptance of telephones,which were once strongly opposed by people who argued that they would destroy face-to-face communication and weaken real human relationships,even decades after they became popular. There’s no reason that the debate over digital humans’emotional value will be any different. What’s worse,unlike telephones whose function is clearly defined,we have no unified standard to judge whether the emotional connection with digital humans is“real” or “valuable”. Undoubtedly, these deepening divisions will reshape our legal rules,social norms and even family concepts. That’s why now — before the divide becomes too deep to bridge — is the critical moment to act. We need to build a reasonable ethical and legal framework for the digital age through in-depth and rational discussion, and guide society forward in an orderly way, rather than let the division split us apart. 1. What is the core message of Paragraph 1? A. Digital humans can provide real emotional feedback. B. The popularity of digital humans has widened social ethical divide. C. Digital humans are widely used in the service industry. D. People have reached an agreement on digital humans. 2. What does the underlined word “indulging in” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Breaking away from. B. Being addicted to. C. Taking charge of. D. Being cautious about. 3. Why is “the wide acceptance of telephones” mentioned in Paragraph 4? A. To show the debate over digital humans will last long. B. To prove telephones have changed people’s way of communication. C. To stress the importance of digital technology development. D. To deny the value of face-to-face communication. 4. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A. To introduce the development of digital humans. B. To explain the function of digital humans. C. To solve the conflict over digital humans. D. To call for early action to deal with the coming ethical divide. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述随着越来越多人与数字人建立深厚情感联系，这种现象加剧了现有文化和伦理分歧，通过举例说明该分歧可能长期存在，呼吁在分歧加深前采取行动构建合理框架。 【1题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“A recent study on digital human(数字人)industry has uncovered a noticeable trend:more and more people are forming deep emotional bonds with AI-powered digital humans,which are widely used as virtual companions,online idols and customer service agents.Though whether these digital humans have real emotional feedback remains unproven,this trend has greatly widened the split in the existing cultural and ethical divide.(最近一项关于数字人产业的研究揭示了一个明显趋势：越来越多的人与由 AI 驱动的数字人建立起深厚的情感联结，这些数字人被广泛用作虚拟伴侣、网络偶像和客服代理。 尽管这些数字人是否拥有真正的情感反馈仍未得到证实，但这一趋势已极大地加剧了现有的文化与伦理分歧)”可知，第一段核心信息是数字人的流行扩大了社会伦理分歧，故选B项。 【2题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“One side will accuse the other of dangerously indulging in virtual relationships and escaping real social interactions(一方会指责另一方危险地indulging in虚拟关系并逃避真实的社交互动)”可知，逃避真实的社交互动，所以这里表达的是过度沉迷于虚拟关系，“indulging in”意思是“沉迷于，对……上瘾”，与B选项“Being addicted to.”意思相符，故选B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“History offers similar examples.Consider the wide acceptance of telephones,which were once strongly opposed by people who argued that they would destroy face-to-face communication and weaken real human relationships,even decades after they became popular.There’s no reason that the debate over digital humans’emotional value will be any different.(历史上也有类似的例子。想想电话曾被广泛接受，而当初它遭到人们强烈反对，有人认为电话会破坏面对面交流、削弱真实的人际关系，即便在流行数十年后依然如此。没有理由认为，关于数字人情感价值的争论会有什么不同)”可知，提及电话被广泛接受，是为了表明关于数字人的争论会像电话刚出现时的争论一样持续很长时间，故选A项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“That’s why now—before the divide becomes too deep to bridge—is the critical moment to act.We need to build a reasonable ethical and legal framework for the digital age through in-depth and rational discussion,and guide society forward in an orderly way,rather than let the division split us apart.(因此，现在 —— 在分歧变得难以弥合之前 —— 正是采取行动的关键时刻。 我们需要通过深入、理性的讨论，为数字时代构建合理的伦理与法律框架，引导社会有序前行，而不是让分歧将我们撕裂)”可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是呼吁尽早采取行动应对即将到来的伦理分歧，故选D项。 Passage 4 （2026·山东青岛·一模） Artificial intelligence (AI) researchers have long dreamed of tools to supercharge science-asking novel questions, designing and running experiments. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have made discoveries that some AI developers claim have inched us closer to that future. But how do you test whether an AI model can truly do science? For answers, researchers turn to benchmarks (基准): standardized sets of questions or tasks that help measure an AI’s efficiency and reliability and compare it against other models. But the complexity of science makes assessing their aptitude especially challenging. As Hao Peng, a computer scientist at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, puts it: “Models have all this knowledge. Do they know how to use it?” Dozens of new science-focused benchmarks have emerged over the past year to answer that question, but scientists have yet to settle on a single best approach. One of the most popular, published in Nature, is Humanity’s Last Exam (HLE). It uses 2500 questions drawn from “the frontier of human knowledge” to put LLMs through their paces. One, for example, asks how many types of sensory receptors the human skin contains. “We wanted a diverse dataset that only experts who have been working on a field for a long time can answer,” says Long Phan, a research engineer with the HLE’s developer. Since the HLE first appeared as a preprint in January 2025, the benchmark has become an important proving ground for LLMs and HLE scores are now a common talking point for AI companies seeking to highlight the capabilities of their products. At the HLE’s launch, the leading developer OpenAI’s AI model won the best score at a mere 8.3%. Earlier this month, Google claimed that its latest reasoning model for science, called Gemini 3 Deep Think, had achieved a new record HLE score of 48.4%. But some scientists argue that many of the HLE’s questions test for little-known or even useless knowledge, rather than an ability to do meaningful research. A Nature editorial accompanying the HLE’s publication also raised this issue: “We think that more scientists should be asking: What would it take to develop an AI benchmark that truly measures expert-level thinking?” 1. What does the underlined word “aptitude” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Knowledge. B. Performance. C. Intelligence. D. Progress. 2. What does Long Phan stress about HLE? A. Its topic diversity. B. Experts’ involvement in it. C. The expertise of its dataset. D. Its data-backed popularity. 3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. HLE’s role as a key AI test. B. Companies’ use of HLE. C. HLE scores of leading AI models. D. The process of HLE’s launch. 4. By sharing its view, the Nature editorial aimed to ________. A. back the current testing B. express concern over HLE C. propose a workable solution D. predict future AI benchmarks 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. A 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕如何检验一个人工智能模型是否真的能够进行科学研究展开，其中人类终极考试（HLE）作为核心AI测试平台备受关注，文章介绍了它的设计定位和作用；最后文章指出，一些科学家和《自然》社论对HLE提出质疑，引发了学界对“如何开发真正能测量专家级科研思维的AI基准”的思考。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“For answers, researchers turn to benchmarks (基准): standardized sets of questions or tasks that help measure an AI’s efficiency and reliability and compare it against other models.(为寻找答案，研究人员转向了基准测试：一系列标准化的问题或任务，用于衡量人工智能的效率和可靠性，并将其与其他模型进行比较)”和后文“As Hao Peng, a computer scientist at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, puts it: “Models have all this knowledge. Do they know how to use it?”(正如伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校的计算机科学家Hao Peng所说：“模型拥有所有这些知识。但它们是否知道如何运用这些知识呢？”)”可知，前文提出核心问题：如何测试AI是否真的能开展科学研究，后文补充“模型已经拥有大量知识，问题是它们会不会运用知识”，所以此处指科学的复杂性让评估AI做科学的能力/天资格外困难，aptitude意为“才智”，与intelligence意思相近，故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中““We wanted a diverse dataset that only experts who have been working on a field for a long time can answer,” says Long Phan, a research engineer with the HLE’s developer.(“我们希望获得一个内容多样、只有长期深耕某一领域的专家才能解答的数据集，”HLE的开发者之一Long Phan说道)”可知，他强调HLE的数据集只有深耕领域的资深专家才能作答，核心是突出数据集的专业性，故选C。 【3题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Since the HLE first appeared as a preprint in January 2025, the benchmark has become an important proving ground for LLMs and HLE scores are now a common talking point for AI companies seeking to highlight the capabilities of their products. At the HLE’s launch, the leading developer OpenAI’s AI model won the best score at a mere 8. 3%. Earlier this month, Google claimed that its latest reasoning model for science, called Gemini 3 Deep Think, had achieved a new record HLE score of 48. 4%.(自2025年1月HLE以预印本形式首次亮相以来，该基准测试已成为大型语言模型的重要验证平台，而HLE的得分如今已成为AI公司展示其产品能力时的常见话题。在HLE的发布仪式上，领先的开发者OpenAI的模型以仅 8.3%的得分赢得了最佳成绩。本月早些时候，谷歌宣称其最新的科学推理模型——名为“Geminis 3 深度思考”的模型，已取得了新的HLE成绩记录——48.4%)”可知，本段主要介绍HLE问世后已经成为大语言模型的重要试验场，HLE分数是AI公司展示产品能力的通用依据，后文的OpenAI、Google分数例子都是细节支撑。因此本段主要介绍HLE作为核心AI测试平台的作用，故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But some scientists argue that many of the HLE’s questions test for little-known or even useless knowledge, rather than an ability to do meaningful research. A Nature editorial accompanying the HLE’s publication also raised this issue: “We think that more scientists should be asking: What would it take to develop an AI benchmark that truly measures expert-level thinking?”(但一些科学家认为，HLE的许多问题所测试的更多是鲜为人知甚至毫无用处的知识，而非进行有意义研究的能力。与HLE发布相关的《自然》杂志的一篇社论也提出了这一问题：“我们认为，更多的科学家应该思考：要开发一个真正能衡量专家思维水平的AI基准，需要具备哪些条件？”)”可知，科学家批评HLE多考察偏门无用知识，而非真正的研究能力，《自然》社论也认同这个问题，呼吁学界思考“如何开发真正能测量专家级思维的AI基准”，因此社论的目的是对HLE现存的问题表达担忧，故选B。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （2026·天津南开·一模） Most of us in the entrepreneurial community are blessed — or cursed — with higher-than-average ambition. Ambitious people strongly desire accomplishments and are willing to take more risks and spend more effort to get them. Overall, this is a positive quality, especially for people trying to build their own businesses. Apparently, if you’re more naturally driven to set goals, you are more likely to succeed. Actually, this isn’t always the case. In fact, in some cases, extreme ambition may end up doing more harm than good. One major side effect of excessive ambition is the tendency to focus too determinedly on one particular vision or end goal. This is problematic because it hinders your ability to adapt to new circumstances, which is vital if you want to be a successful entrepreneur. If a new competitor emerges to threaten your business, you may need to change direction, even if that means straying from your original vision. If you have too much ambition, you’ll find this hard, if not impossible. Few people are successful when they try to build their first brand. Unfortunately, for the most ambitious entrepreneurs, a failure is seen as disastrous, and impossible to recover from. It’s a clear departure from the intended plan toward the intended goal. For people with limited ambition, however, failure is viewed as something closer to reality. Remember, failure is inevitable, and every failure you survive is a learning experience. Ambitious people tend to be more materialistically successful than their non-ambitious counterparts. However, they’re only slightly happier than their less-ambitious counterparts, and tend to live significantly shorter lives. This implies that even though ambitious people are more likely to achieve conventional “success,” such success means nothing for their health and happiness — and if you don’t have health and happiness. what else could possibly matter? Clearly, some amount of ambition is good for your motivation. Without any ambition, you wouldn’t start your own business, set or achieve goals and get far in life. But an excess of ambition can also be dangerous, putting you at risk of burnout, stubbornness and even a shorter life. 1. What does the author think of most entrepreneurs? A. They are more willing to risk their own lives. B. They are more ambitious than ordinary people. C. They achieve greater nonconventional success. D. They have more positive qualities than most of us. 2. What does the author imply by saying “this isn’t always the case”? A. Ambitious people may not have a greater chance of success. B. Ambitious people may not have more positive qualities. C. Entrepreneurs’ ambition does as much good as harm. D. Entrepreneurs are more naturally driven to success. 3. If one wants to become a successful entrepreneur, he must _________. A. hold on to his original vision B. be able to adapt to new situations C. focus determinedly on one particular goal D. avoid radical change in one’s career direction 4. How do the most ambitious entrepreneurs regard failure in their endeavor? A. It will awaken them to reality. B. It is a lesson they have to learn. C. It means the end of their career. D. It will result in a slow recovery. 5. What does the author advise us to do concerning ambition? A. Distinguish between conventional success and our life goal. B. Follow the example of the most ambitious entrepreneurs. C. Avoid taking unnecessary risks when starting a business. D. Prioritize health and happiness over material success. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文，主要讲的是作者认为大多数企业家比普通人更有野心，然而事实上，在某些情况下，极端的野心最终可能弊大于利。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Most of us in the entrepreneurial community are blessed — or cursed — with higher-than-average ambition.(我们创业圈中的大多数人都是幸运的——或者说不幸的是——他们有着高于平均水平的雄心壮志。)”可知，作者认为大多数企业家比普通人更有雄心壮志。故选B。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Apparently, if you’re more naturally driven to set goals, you are more likely to succeed. Actually, this isn’t always the case. In fact, in some cases, extreme ambition may end up doing more harm than good.(显然，如果你天生更倾向于设定目标，你就更有可能成功。但事实并非总是如此。事实上，在某些情况下，过度的野心最终可能弊大于利。)”可知，作者说“事实并非总是如此”这句话暗示了有野心的人不一定更有可能成功。故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“One major side effect of excessive ambition is the tendency to focus too determinedly on one particular vision or end goal. This is problematic because it hinders your ability to adapt to new circumstances, which is vital if you want to be a successful entrepreneur.(过度的雄心所带来的一个主要副作用是，人们往往会过于坚定地专注于某个特定的愿景或最终目标。这确实是个问题，因为它会妨碍你适应新情况的能力，而如果你想要成为一名成功的企业家，适应新情况的能力是至关重要的。)”可知，极端的野心会阻碍成功，因为它可能会阻止企业家适应新环境，因此能够适应新的环境对成为一个成功的企业家至关重要。故选B。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Unfortunately, for the most ambitious entrepreneurs, a failure is seen as disastrous, and impossible to recover from.(不幸的是，对于那些雄心勃勃的创业者来说，失败被视为灾难性的，而且是无法挽回的。)”可知，那些最具雄心壮志的创业者对于自己事业中的失败意味着他们职业生涯的终结。故选C。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“This implies that even though ambitious people are more likely to achieve conventional “success,” such success means nothing for their health and happiness — and if you don’t have health and happiness. what else could possibly matter?(这表明，尽管有雄心的人更有可能获得传统意义上的“成功”，但这种成功对于他们的健康和幸福毫无意义——而如果没有健康和幸福，还有什么能真正重要呢？)”可知，作者建议我们把健康和快乐放在物质成功之前。故选D。 Passage 2 （2026·天津南开·一模） Ask most people what “the good life” involves, and they will likely draw up a rapid list of goods — money, friendship, a rewarding career, etc. Even Aristotle, who believed that the key to happiness is the cultivation (培养) and exercise of virtue, still thought certain goods were either necessary conditions for happiness or were goods that came to virtuous people. If we’re comparing how happy various people’s lives are, it seems natural to look for certain goods, and compare who has more of them. Let’s imagine the lives of two actors, Toby and Ybot. Toby struggles to get work for many years, suffering all sorts of difficulties. He becomes a famous and wealthy actor, and wins an Oscar for his final movie before retiring. Ybot, however, wins an Oscar for his very first film role. But over time he becomes less famous and less well paid, and he begins to suffer difficulties. In the end, he retires as a nobody. These two actors’ lives, like their names, are mirror-images. Toby and Ybot both seem to lead lives of equal net worth. Yet most of us would think that the ordering of these goods does make a decisive difference to how we compare Toby and Ybot’s careers. Someone who climbs a mountain will experience more struggle than someone who gets carried to the peak by bus, but the climber will also have a sense of accomplishment the other person may well envy. In that sense, we might think Toby’s life is better because his highs seem more well-earned than Ybot’s do. But that’s not the whole story. The narrative (叙述) itself seems to make a difference. A life of early success followed by decline seems like a less overall successful life than one where success comes later in the day. Where the story ends seems to matter in itself. We value happy endings, not just happy moments. This immediate judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis (假说). On this view, living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order. The hypothesis suggests that our lives are not simply bags into which we stuff good things and bad things. The type of life — the narrative of that life-story — matters too. Without the right shape, even a life full of wondrous things can end up as a tale we’d prefer not to live out. 1. What can be learned about Aristotle’s view on happiness? A. Goods contribute to happiness. B. Virtuous people may not be happy. C. Too many goods reduce happiness. D. Happy people care less about goods. 2. According to the author, what do both Toby and Ybot experience? A. They start from a humble beginning. B. They reach the same height in career. C. They recover from the same sufferings. D. They retire with honour from the film industry. 3. What does the author try to convey with the example of mountain climbing? A. Easy success is often envied. B. There are various paths to success. C. Fierce struggle is vital to success. D. Hard-earned success is treasured more. 4. In writing Paragraph 4, the author tries to________. A. introduce another topic B. draw a conclusion C. further an argument D. provide new evidence 5. What could be the best title for the passage? A. To Shape Your Life with Good Deeds. B. Defining the Shape of a Good Life. C. The Essential Components of Good Life. D. How We Can Have a Good Shape of Life. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了何为“美好生活”，指出美好生活不仅关乎经历的内容，还关乎经历的顺序（即生活的“形态”）。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Even Aristotle, who believed that the key to happiness is the cultivation (培养) and exercise of virtue, still thought certain goods were either necessary conditions for happiness or were goods that came to virtuous people.(即使是亚里士多德，他也认为幸福的关键在于美德的培养和锻炼，但他仍然认为某些物品要么是幸福的必要条件，要么是美德之人所能获得的物品)”可知，亚里士多德认为某些物品对幸福是必要的，或者美德之人会获得这些物品，即物品有助于幸福。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Toby struggles to get work for many years, suffering all sorts of difficulties. He becomes a famous and wealthy actor, and wins an Oscar for his final movie before retiring. Ybot, however, wins an Oscar for his very first film role.(托比多年来一直在努力找工作，经历了各种各样的困难。他成为了一名著名而富有的演员，并在退休前的最后一部电影中获得了奥斯卡奖。然而，伊博特凭借他的第一部电影角色赢得了奥斯卡奖)”以及第三段“These two actors’ lives, like their names, are mirror-images. Toby and Ybot both seem to lead lives of equal net worth.(这两位演员的人生，就像他们的名字一样，是互为镜像的存在。托比和伊博特的人生净值似乎不相上下)”可知，两人都获得了奥斯卡奖，达到了职业生涯的顶峰，即他们在事业上达到了相同的高度。故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Someone who climbs a mountain will experience more struggle than someone who gets carried to the peak by bus, but the climber will also have a sense of accomplishment the other person may well envy. In that sense, we might think Toby’s life is better because his highs seem more well-earned than Ybot’s do.(爬山的人比坐公交车到山顶的人会经历更多的挣扎，但爬山的人也会有一种成就感，这是另一个人可能会羡慕的。从这个意义上说，我们可能会认为托比的生活更好，因为他的高峰似乎比伊博特的更值得)”可知，作者通过爬山的例子试图传达的是：辛苦得来的成功更受珍视。故选D。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“But that’s not the whole story. The narrative (叙述) itself seems to make a difference.(但这并不是全部。叙述本身似乎也有影响)”以及“Where the story ends seems to matter in itself.(故事的结局本身很重要)”并结合后文对生活叙述顺序的讨论可知，作者在写第四段是试图进一步论证前文提出的“生活形态”假说，即生活的叙述顺序也很重要。故选C。 【5题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段中“This immediate judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis (假说). On this view, living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order.(这种直接的判断体现在所谓的“生活形态”假说中。从这个观点来看，过上美好的生活不仅仅是拥有正确的经历或生活事件，而是以正确的顺序拥有它们)”可知，文章主要讨论了何为“美好生活”的形态，即美好生活不仅关乎经历的内容，还关乎经历的顺序。因此，B选项“Defining the Shape of a Good Life(定义美好生活的形态)”最符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选B。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026·河南镇平·一模） Exciting news is on the horizon as California power authorities have successfully completed their groundbreaking solar panel-covered canal project, which promises to generate a remarkable 1.6 megawatts (兆瓦) of clean energy. This innovative initiative, led by the Turlock Irrigation District Water & Power, plays a vital role in irrigating (灌溉) essential crops like cotton and tomatoes in the heart of California’s central valley. The inspiration for this project came from a 2021 research paper by scientists at the University of California, Santa Cruz, who discovered that covering canals with solar panels could save an astonishing 63.5 billion gallons of water from evaporation (蒸发) each year. This brilliant idea not only conserves water but also offers an incredible benefit: for every megawatt of solar energy produced during Turlock’s average 290 sunny days, the panels could replace 15-20 diesel (柴油) generators that traditionally pump water along these canals. Known as Project Nexus, this initiative took flight in October 2022. It stands out in the world and the second of its kind in the US. The project will be closely monitored to see how its performance matches the promising projections. The concept of placing solar panels over canals isn’t new; it first emerged in 2014 in Gujarat, India, where a pilot project successfully covered a stretch of canal and paved the way for an entire canal-topped solar plant. Researchers in India found that the water beneath the panels helped maintain ideal temperatures, leading to a 2-5% improvement in efficiency. In addition to conserving water and minimizing land use for solar farms, the panels’ unique placement helps extend their lifespan by keeping them cooler. This innovative approach also limits the growth of harmful plants along the canals, reducing the need for manual or chemical clearing. With about 4,000 miles of canals across California, the potential for taking advantage of solar energy is tremendous, with estimates suggesting they could generate up to 13 gigawatts of power. This would be enough to supply energy to around 750,000 homes, effectively lighting up nearly half of Los Angeles. 1. What can we know about the solar-covered canal project from Santa Cruz’s research? A. It is energy-saving and eco-friendly. B. Its economic benefit is limited in real use. C. It has changed previous irrigation methods. D. It is designed to solve the water shortage problem. 2. How did the Indian project influence California’s Project Nexus? A. By supplying critical equipment. B. By demonstrating possibility. C. By providing the technical designs. D. By offering precise data on temperatures. 3. What does the underlined word “tremendous” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A. 控制的。 B. 暂时的。 C. 重大的。 D. 定义的。 4. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. How Canals Can Help Save Energy B. California’s Fight for Water Supply C. Solar panels: A New Use for Canals D. Project Nexus: A Solar Success Case 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍美国加州完成太阳能电池板覆盖运河的创新项目，阐述其灵感来源、优势、借鉴的印度案例及巨大发展潜力。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The inspiration for this project came from a 2021 research paper by scientists at the University of California, Santa Cruz, who discovered that covering canals with solar panels could save an astonishing 63.5 billion gallons of water from evaporation each year. This brilliant idea not only conserves water but also offers an incredible benefit: for every megawatt of solar energy produced during Turlock’s average 290 sunny days, the panels could replace 15-20 diesel generators that traditionally pump water along these canals.(该项目的灵感来源于2021年加州大学圣克鲁兹分校科学家的一篇研究论文，他们发现用太阳能电池板覆盖运河每年可节省惊人的635亿加仑因蒸发损失的水。这个绝妙的想法不仅能节约用水，还带来了一项惊人的好处：在特洛克平均290天的晴天里，每产生1兆瓦太阳能，这些电池板就能取代15到20台传统上用于沿运河抽水的柴油发电机。)”可知，圣克鲁兹的研究显示该项目既能节水，又能替代柴油发电机、产生清洁能源，具备节能和环保的双重属性。故选A项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The concept of placing solar panels over canals isn’t new; it first emerged in 2014 in Gujarat, India, where a pilot project successfully covered a stretch of canal and paved the way for an entire canal-topped solar plant.(在运河上方安装太阳能电池板的概念并不新鲜；它最早于2014年出现在印度古吉拉特邦，当时一个试点项目成功覆盖了一段运河，为整个运河顶部太阳能发电厂铺平了道路。)”可知，印度的试点项目成功验证了运河覆盖太阳能电池板的可行性，为加州的“Nexus项目”提供了实践参考，证明了该概念的可操作性。故选B项。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“With about 4,000 miles of canals across California, the potential for taking advantage of solar energy is tremendous, with estimates suggesting they could generate up to 13 gigawatts of power. This would be enough to supply energy to around 750,000 homes, effectively lighting up nearly half of Los Angeles.(加州约有4000英里的运河，利用太阳能的潜力是tremendous，据估计这些运河能产生高达130亿瓦的电力。这足以为大约75万个家庭供电，实际上能为洛杉矶近一半的区域提供照明。)”可知，后文“产生130亿瓦电力、供75万个家庭使用”的具体数据，体现出加州运河利用太阳能的潜力极大，因此“tremendous”意为“重大的、极大的”。故选C项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段点明加州成功完成太阳能电池板覆盖运河项目，即“Nexus项目”，后续段落围绕该项目的灵感来源、优势、借鉴的印度案例及未来潜力展开，核心始终是“Nexus项目”这一成功的太阳能应用案例，由此可知，“Project Nexus: A Solar Success Case（Nexus项目：一个成功的太阳能案例）”能精准概括全文核心，适合作为最佳标题。故选D项。 Passage 2 （2026·河南漯河·一模） On a quiet street in Bangkok, a shop owner watches water rise through her floor for the third time this year. She simply moves her goods to the second floor and waits. Four blocks away, a newly built park is doing something strange — it’s designed to flood. This is not failure. This is adaptation. For more than a century, cities treated water as the enemy to be defeated. Engineers built higher walls, stronger pumps (泵) and deeper channels. The enemy metaphor ran deep: We “fight” floods, “battle” rising seas and storm surges. And for a while, it worked, or seemed to. Then came the storms that broke the walls. Hurricane Sandy flooded 51 square kilometers of New York City in 2012. In 2021, floods in Germany killed more than 180 people despite advanced warning systems. The concrete defenses, perfected over generations, were failing in plain sight. What these events exposed was not a problem in engineering, but a problem in thinking. You cannot defeat water; you can only delay it. And delay is not a strategy. Not with a bang, but with a rethink. In Copenhagen, after a 2011 flood caused nearly a billion dollars in damage, city planners didn’t just rebuild — they redesigned. A new park called Tasinge Plads now serves as a public square when dry and a retention pond (蓄水池) when rains come. Children play on equipment that doubles as water storage. The enemy has become a neighbor. The most telling change may be happening in the Netherlands, a country that literally built itself on the idea of defeating water. However, the Room for the River program, begun in 2007, has done something unconventional: it moved dikes (堤坝) back, lowered floodplains, and gave rivers room to breathe. When water rises now, it flows where it’s meant to go. Back in Bangkok, the shop owner knows something that city engineers are only beginning to learn. Water doesn’t need to be fought. It needs to be expected. The old question was: How high can we build the wall? The new question is: What can we build that water can live with? 1. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By describing a scene. B. By presenting a comparison. C. By citing a shop owner. D. By explaining a phenomenon. 2. What does the author try to illustrate in paragraph 4? A. The inconvenience of concrete defenses. B. The severity of natural disasters worldwide. C. The shortage of advanced warning systems. D. The ineffectiveness of old flood control ways. 3. What is Netherlands’ water management like according to the text? A. Cautious and flexible. B. Economical and reliable. C. Innovative and reasonable. D. Efficient and systematic. 4. What do the two questions at the end of the text mainly show? A. The necessity of construction. B. The importance of engineering. C. The transformation in concepts. D. The trouble in solving problems. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了面对洪水，城市从对抗到适应的思维转变。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“On a quiet street in Bangkok, a shop owner watches water rise through her floor for the third time this year. She simply moves her goods to the second floor and waits. Four blocks away, a newly built park is doing something strange — it’s designed to flood.(在曼谷一条安静的街道上，一位店主看着水今年第三次漫过她的地板。她只是把货物搬到二楼等着。四个街区外，一个新建的公园正在做一些奇怪的事情——它是为洪水而设计的。)”可知，作者通过描述一个场景来呈现问题。故选A。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Then came the storms that broke the walls. Hurricane Sandy flooded 51 square kilometers of New York City in 2012. In 2021, floods in Germany killed more than 180 people despite advanced warning systems. The concrete defenses, perfected over generations, were failing in plain sight.(接着是打破墙壁的风暴。2012年，飓风桑迪淹没了纽约市51平方公里的土地。2021年，尽管有先进的预警系统，德国的洪水仍造成180多人死亡。经过几代人完善的混凝土防御工事，在众目睽睽之下失败了。)”可知，作者试图在第4段说明旧的防洪方法无效。故选D。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中“However, the Room for the River program, begun in 2007, has done something unconventional: it moved dikes (堤坝) back, lowered floodplains, and gave rivers room to breathe. When water rises now, it flows where it’s meant to go.(然而，2007年开始的“为河流腾出空间”项目却做了一些非传统的事情：它将堤坝向后移动，降低了洪泛平原的高度，为河流提供了呼吸的空间。现在，当水位上升时，它会流向它该去的地方。)”可知，荷兰的水管理是创新和合理的。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Back in Bangkok, the shop owner knows something that city engineers are only beginning to learn. Water doesn’t need to be fought. It needs to be expected.(回到曼谷，店主知道一些城市工程师才刚刚开始学习的东西。水不需要与之斗争。需要的是预期。)”以及倒数第二段“The old question was: How high can we build the wall?(旧的问题是：我们的墙能建多高？)”、最后一段“The new question is: What can we build that water can live with?(新的问题是：我们能建造什么让水可以与之共存的东西？)”可知，文章最后提出的两个问题主要说明了概念的转变。故选C。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（议论文+新闻报道） 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D Passage 2【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A Passage 3【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D Passage 4【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B Passage 2【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D Passage 3【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 4. D Passage 2【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. B Passage 3【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B Passage 2【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B Passage 3【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A 4. D Passage 4【答案】1. C 2. C 3. A 4. B 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D Passage 2【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D Passage 2【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $