内容正文:
Unit2 Stay Healthy保持健康
1. 词形转换
1. knife (n.刀) →(复数) knives
2. we [我们(主格)]→us[我们(宾格)] →our [我们的(形物代)] →ours[我们的(名物代)] →ourselves[我们自己(反身代) ]
3. they [他/她/它们(主格)]→them[他/她/它们(宾格)] →their [他/她/它们的(形物代)] →theirs[他/她/它们的(名物代)] →themselves[他/她/它们自己(反身代) ]
4. care (n. 照顾;护理 v.关心;在乎) →careless (adj.不小心的;粗心的)
→ careful (adj.小心的;仔细的;认真的)
5. run (v. &n.跑;跑步) →runny (adj. 流鼻涕的;流眼泪的)
6. describe(v.形容;描述)→description(n.描写;形容)
7. ill(adj.生病的)→illness(n.疾病)
8. safe (adj.安全的)→safety (n.安全;安全处所)→safely (adv.安全地)
9. bright(adj.明亮的)→brightness(n.亮度)
10. happy(adj.快乐的;高兴的)→happily(adv.快乐地;高兴地)→happiness(n.快乐;幸福)→unhappy(adj.不快乐的;不高兴的)→unhappily(adv.不快乐地;不高兴地)
11. sad(adj.悲伤的;难过的)→sadly(adv.伤心地;令人遗憾)→sadness(n.悲伤;难过)
12. luck(n.运气)→lucky(adj.幸运的)→luckily(adv.幸运地)→unlucky(adj.不幸的)→unluckily(adv.不幸地)
13. bad(adj.坏的;严重的)→badly(adv.严重地)
14. harm(n.&v.伤害;损害)→harmful(adj.有害的)→harmless(adj.无害的)
15. nervous(adj.紧张的;焦虑的)→nervously(adv.紧张不安地)
2. 短语归纳[重点记忆由2-3个词构成的短语]
1.first aid 急救 2.from now on 从现在起 3.take a seat 坐下
4.turn on 接通(电流、煤气、水等);打开 5.eat out 上馆子吃饭;在外用餐
6.catch fire 着火 7.on fire 着火;起火 8.no way 不可能;没门
9.suffer from受苦;受折磨 10.what's more 更为重要的是
11.stop short 突然停住 12.be about to 即将;正要(做某事)
13.take sb's temperature 给某人量体温 14.stop ... from doing防止......;阻止......
[以上来自单词表]
stay healthy/stay fit/keep fit/keep healthy保持健康 wear a mask 戴口罩
turn off 切断(电流、煤气、水等);关闭 take (good) care of照顾(好)
look after照顾 take some medicine 吃药
go to the doctor 去看医生 see a/the dentist 看牙医
at once/right away 立刻;马上 put out 扑灭;熄灭
thanks to 多亏 instead of 代替;而不是
make a meal做饭 look up 抬头看;查阅
fall off 从......掉落下来 fall down跌倒;摔倒
get an injury 受伤 cross the road 过马路
in a panic 惊慌失措地 be close to 靠近,离......近
in the middle of在......的中间 be allergic to... 对……过敏
call out 大声呼喊(目的是让人听见) cry out 大叫;惊叫(情绪痛苦)
jump into action 立即行动 throw oneself to the ground 扑倒在地
3. 用法集萃
1. 询问病情和回答病情
A 询问病情常见句型
What's the matter (with sb)? (某人)怎么了?
What's wrong (with sb)? (某人)怎么了?
What's the trouble (with sb)? (某人)怎么了?
What happened (to sb)? (某人)发生了什么?
How are you feeling?你感觉如何?
Are you OK? 你还好吗?
Is there anything wrong (with sb)? (某人)不舒服吗?/(某人)怎么了?
B 回答病情的常见表达
①have a/an+表示疾病的名词
课本上出现的这样的短语有:
have a fever发烧 have a sore throat 喉咙痛
have a cough 咳嗽 have a toothache 牙痛
have a headache 头痛 have a stomachache 胃痛
have a sore back 背痛 have a runny nose流鼻涕
have a cold 感冒 have a bruised knee膝盖疼
have the flu 流感(此处冠词只能用the)
②身体部位的名词+hurt(s)/ache(s):
例:My leg hurts. 我腿疼。
I ate too much last night. Now my stomach aches.我昨晚吃得太多。现在我的胃疼。
③ have a pain in+the + 表示身体部位的名词
例:He has a pain in the knee. 他膝盖疼。
2. avoid 的用法
avoid 作动词,意为“避免;防止”,常用结构有:
① avoid sb/sth 回避某人/某事
例:You should avoid such mistakes. 你应该避免这样的错误。
②avoid doing sth 避免做某事
例:I’ll avoid looking at my phone while crossing the road next time.
下次过马路时我要避免看手机。
[归纳总结]初中阶段常见的后可接动词-ing 形式作宾语的动词有:
enjoy(喜欢) finish(完成) practise(练习)
mind(介意) keep(继续;重复) suggest(建议)
avoid(避免) prefer(更喜欢) start/begin(开始)
__________________________________________(还可以自己补充)
3. stop的用法
stop 作动词时,意为“停下;阻止”,常见用法有:
stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 [强调去做另外一件事]
stop doing sth 停止做某事 [强调停下正在做的事]
stop sb (from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事
例:—I'm very tired. I want to stop to have a rest. 我很累。我想停下来休息一下。
—OK. Let's stop walking. 好的,咱们停止散步吧。
[拓展] “阻止某人做某事”的相关表达有3个:
stop sb (from) doing sth
keep sb from doing sth
prevent sb from doing sth
区别:在keep和prevent结构中from不可以省略
例:Nothing can stop us (from) realizing our dreams.
=Nothing can keep/prevent us from realizing our dreams.
没有什么能阻止我们实现梦想。
4. 辨析cross,across 与 crossing
①cross 作动词,意为“穿越;横过;交叉”,主要表示在物体表面上横穿,如过马路、过河、过天桥等。
例: We can't play mobile phones when we cross (= go across) the street. 过马路时我们不能玩手机。
②across 作介词或副词,意为“横过”,强调从一定范围的一边到另一边,且在物体的表面上穿过,常和动词walk,go 等连用。
③crossing 作名词,意为“十字路口”,“at the + 序数词 + crossing” 表示 “在第……个十字路口”
例:Turn right at the second crossing. 在第二个十字路口向右转。
5. turn on 的用法
turn on 意为“接通(电流、煤气、水等);打开”,为“动词+副词”型短语。
名词作宾语时,可放中间也可放后边;代词作宾语时,只能放中间。
例:—Mum, may I turn on the TV/turn the TV on? 妈妈,我可以打开电视吗?
—Yes. If you finish your homework, you can turn it on. 是的,如果你完成了家庭作业,你可以打开它。
[辨析]turn on 与 open
两者都可译为“打开”,区别如下:
①turn on 指接通水、电流、煤气,打开电视、电器等开关类。反义短语是 turn off。
② open 指打开门、窗、柜子、盒子、抽屉、书本等空间类。反义词是 close。
[拓展] turn 的常见短语:
turn on:接通;打开 turn off:关闭;关掉
turn down:调低;关小 turn up:调高;开大
turn around:转身;翻转
6. 辨析luck,lucky, unlucky, luckily, unlucky
①luck 是名词,“运气”,常放在be动词、形容词、介词后面。固定搭配:good luck “好运”。
例:He has good luck. 他运气很好。
②lucky 是形容词“幸运的”常用来修饰名词或放在be动词后。反义词unlucky“不幸的;倒霉的”
常见句型:be lucky to do sth “很幸运做某事”
例:She was lucky to pass the exam. She is a lucky girl. 她很幸运通过了考试,她真是个幸运的女孩。
③luckily 是副词,“幸运地”,常放在句首修饰整个句子,用逗号隔开;也可放在句末修饰句中的动作。反义词unluckily“不幸地;倒霉地”
例:Luckily,no one was hurt. 幸运的是,没有人受伤。
She passed the exam luckily.她幸运的通过了考试。
Unluckily, he lost his wallet on the way to school. 不幸的是,他在去上学的路上丢失了钱包。
7. 课本中出现的需复习的固定搭配:
need to do sth需要做某事 decide to do sth决定做某事
pour...into...把......倒入...... protect sb from... 保护某人免受……
keep oneself safe from... 保护自己免受……
4. 重点语法
(一)情态动词用来提建议
情态动词可以用来提建议,注意情态动词的意思,情态动词后边的动词用原形。
1.should“应该;应当”用以表达职责和义务、提出劝告,而且表述的是自己的主观看法。
例:If you did something wrong, you should say sorry. 如果是你做错了什么,你应该道歉。
should 的否定式是 should not / shouldn't,意思是“不应当;不该”。
例:You shouldn't eat so much next time. 下次你不该吃这么多了。
2.could/can“可以”
情态动词 could 也用于提出建议,比 can 语气更为委婉。例:
例:If you want to say sorry, you could call him. 如果你想道歉,你可以给他打电话。
(二)反身代词
1. 什么是反身代词?
反身代词是英语中表达“……自己;本身”含义的一类代词。它的构成是在第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称人称代词宾格形式的词尾加-self 或-selves 组成。反身代词有以下八个:
myself我自己 ourselves我们自己 (本课单词)
yourself你自己 yourselves 你们自己
himself他自己 herself她自己
itself 它自己 themselves 他(她、它)们自己(本课单词)
2. 反身代词的用法
①反身代词作动词或介词的宾语 (本课重点,且常考点有2)
A. 主语宾语同一人,宾语用反身代词。[重点]
例:Be careful when you're using the knife! Don't cut yourself. 使用刀具时要小心,不要割伤自己。
In teaching others, we teach ourselves. 教人者,己自学。
I'll be away for a week. You and your sister need to take care of yourselves. 我要外出一周,你和妹妹得照顾好自己。
Don't be too hard on yourself! 别对自己太苛刻了!
B.某些固定搭配中[做题时不用刻意死记硬背,用上边A的方法判断也可以]
cut oneself 割/划到自己 hurt oneself 伤到自己
protect oneself 保护自己 teach oneself 教自己→自学
enjoy oneself 玩得开心,过得愉快 (all) by oneself 独自,单独
help oneself to +名词 随便吃/喝/用…… lose oneself in 沉浸于……
take care of oneself / look after oneself照顾自己
②反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语 [只了解,会翻译就会选择]
反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语时,一般用于强调,常译为“本人;亲自”。
例: I cooked the dinner myself. 我自己做的晚饭。[ myself作主语I的同位语]
You had better ask the dentist herself. 你最好问牙医本人。[ herself作宾语the dentist 的同位语]
③反身代词作表语 [只了解,会翻译就会选择]
反身代词放在be动词后面,就叫做反身代词作表语。
例:Just be yourself. 做你自己就好了。 [yourself作be的表语 ]
5. 范文 本课话题“健康” “健康的生活方式”
写作思路:
首段: 开门见山,点明保持健康的重要性,引出下文。
中间段:分点写出保持健康的方法和措施(一般从饮食、运动、睡眠和心情方面去写),注意使用连贯词。
结尾段:再次点题,呼应开头段。
范文:国家卫健委启动了一项为期三年的“体重管理年”行动计划,旨在帮助人们意识到管理体重以及保持健康的重要性。作为一名初中生,请你以“Live a Healthy Life”为题,用英语给出一些保持健康的可行性建议。
Live a Healthy Life过健康的生活
It's important for us to live a healthy life. Here is some useful advice.
First, we should have healthy living habits.Eat plenty of fruit and vegetables to get enough energy. Second, we need enough sleep. Remember to go to bed early and get up early. Don't stay up late. Besides, doing sports is good for us. We can run, swim or play ball games. We can walk or ride bikes instead of taking cars. It helps us exercise and protect the environment. Last but not least, keep happy every day. We can have hobbies to relax ourselves and reduce stress. All these can help us live a healthy life.
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