Unit 4 Natural Disasters Reading and Thinking 分层同步练习 2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

Reading and Thinking 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Because of the weather,the activity was 　　　　　total disaster.  2.The number of people invited to the meeting yesterday 　　　　　(be) seventy,but a number of them 　　　　　(be) absent. 3.The captain and his sailors were rescued 　　　　　the sea by a helicopter.  4.It is reported that drink-drive 　　　　　(death) are on the decrease because of the new rule.  5.We looked at each other in silence,each equally 　　　　　　(shock).  6.He felt he had been 　　　　　　(trap) into accepting the terms of the contract.  7.She always had her head 　　　　　(bury) in a book.  8.The morning air in the quiet village is good 　　　　　　　　　　(breathe).  Ⅱ.短语填空 have an effect on,be buried in,take a deep breath,come to an end,go through 1.I will compete in the English Speech Contest,so I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　preparing for it in the past few days.  2.Before the class 　　　　　　　　　　　　,our teacher requests us to write a summary. 3.The person I respect most is the graceful English teacher who really 　　　　　　　　　　　　me and I learn from him a lot.  4.He’s amazingly cheerful considering all he’s had to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  5.When you are in an emergency,you’d better 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to calm yourself down.  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.孩子们和她相处融洽,甚至尊敬她,好像她是他们自己的妈妈似的。 The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her 　　　　　　　　　　　　　their own mother.  2.令人吃惊的是,开始吸烟的平均年龄在过去十年里下降了。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the average starting age of smoking has trended downward over the past decade.  3.从后面走近这所房子的时候,他走进一个房间,里面的墙几乎都严重受损。 On coming near to the house from the back,he entered a room,where nearly all the walls 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  4.通过共同努力,新的家园不难重建。 With joint efforts,the new home 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  5.在灾难发生的时候,我们必须团结起来,展现出积极向上的智慧,重建一个更加光明的未来。 In times of disasters,we must unify and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and rebuild a brighter future.  二、素养能力提升练 Ⅳ.阅读理解 A Workers continue to search the ruins of a large earthquake that hit Morocco Friday.Officials say almost 2,500 were killed in the quake,but that they expect that number will rise.The United Nations said the 6.8-magnitude earthquake affected 300,000 people.The damage was great because the starting point of the shaking was not far below the ground. It has been the strongest quake to hit the North African nation since 1900.And,it is reported to be the country’s deadliest since 1960,when at least 12,000 people were killed in and near the city of Agadir. So far,Morocco has accepted support from four countries—Spain,The State of Qatar,Great Britain and the United Arab Emirates.Other nations have offered help as well.Groups from the Moroccan army left Monday from Amizmiz to move into the small mountain villages.Heavy equipment was sent to clear the roads and both visitors and local people lined up to give blood. Many people continued to sleep outside,fearing smaller earthquakes that often follow a major one.In the village of Imgdal,women and children gathered outside and some kept warm around an open fire on Monday morning. On a road near the town of Adassil,near the epicenter(震中),one rescue worker,Ayman Koait,was trying to clear the rocks that were restraining trucks from getting by.He said other roads were in bad shape.“We’re trying to open them,too,” said Ayman Koait. People said they dug through the ruins of their homes looking for relatives.They also moved rocks and walls looking for important items. Many of the homes are made of wood,rock and mud,which made them fall easily when the ground started shaking.One military worker said “it is difficult to pull people out alive” because the walls turned into ruins and did not leave any space for air. 1.Why was the earthquake so serious? A.It happened close to the ground. B.It broke out at midnight. C.Rescue was not timely enough. D.There was no proper protection. 2.Why did the local people keep staying outside after the earthquake? A.To receive supplies. B.To get ready for leaving for other towns. C.To avoid possible following ones. D.To keep themselves warm around open fires. 3.What does the underlined word “restraining” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A.Guiding. B.Preventing. C.Repairing. D.Supporting. 4.Why did the military worker think the rescue was almost hopeless? A.The villages are out of reach. B.The roads were badly damaged. C.The damaged areas are too close to the epicenter. D.The special houses made it hard for people to be alive. B It was raining like nothing before when Ehdaa Bujeldain,an English teacher living with her family in the mountains of Derna in eastern Libya,heard a loud noise that sounded like an explosion(爆炸).Later they learned that a dam in Derna had broken down under the pressure of running water.For the next four days,they had no power or the Internet,and it was only recently that they started to fully understand of the damage caused by the floods. “Half of the city has been destroyed.My mom’s relatives,my friends,my co-workers—they are all gone.Now we,the survivors,are just ghosts in shells,” says Bujeldain,whose sadness can be easily told from her blank expression. Five days has passed since the terrible flooding in Derna.Libya’s Red Crescent organization estimated that 11,300 people have died,while the city’s mayor believes the number of deaths could be as high as 20,000. Derna is a coastal city with a seasonal river called the Wadi Derna.Despite the abnormally heavy rain,people living near the river had little warning before the floodwaters came rushing in on that terrible morning.The United Nations aid chief Martin Griffiths described the scale of the flood as “appalling(令人惊骇的)” and blamed the flood partly on sudden climate change. Now international aid teams are arriving in Derna,but they face challenges due to damaged roads,lack of access to power,water,and fuel.Tarhoni,doctor of the rescue team,warns that the most difficult weeks lie ahead.“One disaster is done and there is another to come,” he says.“The thousands and thousands of people who lost everything now need comfort,they need company,and they need psychological support.” 5.What do we know about Bujeldain’s family from paragraph 1? A.The explosion they heard led to the destruction of the dam. B.Bujeldain saved her family from the floods with her bravery. C.Bujeldain immediately recognized the outbreak of the floods. D.For several days,they didn’t fully realize the seriousness of the floods. 6.What does Bujeldain mean by saying they are “just ghosts in shells” in paragraph 2? A.They run out of energy and are very tired. B.They feel lucky as they are safe and sound. C.They are completely saddened and shocked. D.They are sorry for the loss of their homeland. 7.According to the passage,which of the following does NOT contribute to the loss of lives? A.The absence of warning. B.The extraordinary rainfall. C.Unexpected climate change. D.The damage to the environment. 8.What might be the main focus of international aid efforts in Derna? A.Addressing mental problems. B.Providing immediate medical care. C.Conducting climate change research. D.Rebuilding roads and access to resources. C On Saturday,August 24,1918,it was raining cats and dogs and thundering over a city called Sunderland on the northeast coast of England.The storm lasted for only about ten minutes.People were surprised to see that it was not just rainwater falling from the sky.There were fish falling down,too!People came out to find out what was happening.They could not believe their own eyes.There were thousands of fish—sand eels(沙鳗)—lying on the ground.They were about seven centimeters long,and all were frozen dead. Sand eels swim together in large groups,often in sandy water,and are often found in large numbers in the North Sea,which reaches out to the east of Sunderland.How was it possible for these sand eels to fall from the sky and land on Sunderland? Scientists believed the heavy thunderstorm that afternoon may have caused a waterspout(水龙卷).Waterspouts can be formed when strong winds move quickly in a circle over water.They are so powerful that anything less than one meter in length can be taken into them and forced into the clouds.The clouds carry whatever has been taken into them for long distances—sometimes over 150 kilometers.It’s very cold up there and everything soon freezes. For hundreds of years there have been reports of small animals being taken into the sky through waterspouts.In 2009,dead tadpoles rained down on the city of Nanao in Japan.In 2012,fifty kilos of prawns fell from the sky over Sri Lanka.In 2017,fish fell on the coastal city of Tampico in Mexico. It must be a very strange experience to see fish raining down on you.It would probably hurt if one fell on your head!With climate change and many reports of terrible storms,will the time ever come when it may really begin to rain cats and dogs? 9.What do we know about the sand eels that landed on Sunderland? A.They were few in number. B.They came in different sizes. C.They were still alive when landing. D.They probably came from the North Sea. 10.What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 3 refer to? A.Clouds. B.Waterspouts. C.Sand eels. D.Thunderstorms. 11.Why does the author mention the fall of tadpoles in Japan? A.To stress the environment is not pleasant in Japan. B.To introduce waterspouts can reach as far as Japan. C.To show that raining sea animals is not new in history. D.To explain different animals can fall in different countries. 12.What is the author really worried about in the last paragraph? A.Health. B.Environment. C.Wild animals. D.Travel safety. 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.a　2.was;were　3.from　4.deaths　5.shocked　6.trapped　7.buried　8.to breathe Ⅱ.1.have been buried in　2.comes to an end　3.has an effect on　4.go through　5.take a deep breath Ⅲ.1.as if she were　2.It is shocking that　3.lay in ruins　4.is not difficult to rebuild　5.show the wisdom to stay positive Ⅳ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了摩洛哥星期五发生大地震,大约有2500人在地震中丧生,救援人员在废墟中搜救被困人员,帮助摩洛哥地震灾民的故事。 1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The damage was great because the starting point of the shaking was not far below the ground.”可知,地震严重是因为震源靠近地面。故选A项。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Many people continued to sleep outside,fearing smaller earthquakes that often follow a major one.”可知,地震后许多当地人继续睡在外面是为了避免之后可能会发生的小地震。故选C项。 3.B　词句猜测题。根据画线词的前文“On a road near the town of Adassil,near the epicenter,one rescue worker,Ayman Koait,was trying to clear the rocks”和后文“trucks from getting by”可推知,地震救援人员清理岩石的目的应该是让卡车可以通过道路。由此推知,这些岩石目前阻碍了卡车通行,restraining意思应该是“阻碍”,与preventing意思相近。故选B项。 4.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,军方工作人员认为救援无望是因为特殊的房屋构造让人们很难存活下来。故选D项。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了德尔纳遭遇特大洪水,造成上万人死亡,以及引起洪水的原因和国际救援队伍正在提供救助。 5.D　推理判断题。根据第一段可知,四天里,他们没有电,也没有网络,所以几天来,他们没有完全认识到洪水的严重性。 6.C　词句猜测题。根据前文“Half of the city has been destroyed.My mom’s relatives,my friends,my co-workers—they are all gone.”以及后文“whose sadness can be easily told from her blank expression”可知,布耶尔丹因为洪水失去了亲戚、朋友和同事,非常悲伤,所以她说“just ghosts in shells”表达他们感到非常悲伤和震惊。 7.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知,因为没有任何预警,下着异常的大雨以及突如其来的气候变化导致了人员遇难,文中没有提到对环境的破坏这个因素。故选D项。 8.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Tarhoni,doctor of the rescue team...they need company,and they need psychological support.”可知,对救援小组来说最难的是安慰幸存者,所以他们的重点可能是解决心理问题。 【语篇解读】本文是一说明文。文章主要讲述了海洋里的动物由于水龙卷被卷入空中,然后落到其他的地方,并介绍了水龙卷形成的原因。 9.D　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Sand eels swim together...to the east of Sunderland.”可知,在桑德兰东部的北海经常发现大量的沙鳗。由此可知,那些出现在桑德兰市的沙鳗最可能来自与该市东部相连的北海。 10.B　词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Scientists believed...in a circle over water.”可知,此处讲述了水龙卷形成的原因。结合画线词所在句“They are so powerful that anything less than one meter in length can be taken into...and forced into the clouds.”可知,此处的They应指的是上文中提到的名词复数“Waterspouts”,结合语境可知,水龙卷的威力很大,沙鳗很可能被吸进水龙卷里,并被卷进云层,由此可知,画线词 them与其所在句中的They都指代waterspouts(水龙卷)。 11.C　推理判断题。根据第四段中“For hundreds of years there have been reports of small animals being taken into the sky through waterspouts.”可知,数百年来有很多关于水龙卷把小动物带向天空的报道,此应为本段的主题句,结合下文中的“In 2009,dead tadpoles rained down on the city of Nanao in Japan.”可知,此处列举了2009年发生在日本七尾市死蝌蚪从天而降的事件。由此可知,此处讲述了历史上有很多类似于前文提到的下雨带来动物的报道,说明这在历史上并不新鲜。 12.B　推理判断题。根据尾段中的“It would probably hurt...begin to rain cats and dogs?”可知,此处作者运用“terrible”来说明风暴是可怕的,而这样的报道逐渐增多,并且使用疑问的形式来表达自己对天气变化的担忧。由此可知,此处表达了作者对目前环境的担忧。故选B项。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $