专题09 形容词和副词（知识清单）-2026年小升初英语复习讲练测（江苏版）

小升初英语专题总复习 专题09 形容词和副词 考点梳理 形容词 形容词用来描述、修饰名词或代词，是说明人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。如：red, nice, tall, interesting.它在句中的位置一般比较稳定，通常放在所修饰的名词之前或系动词、不定代词之后。 中 考点一  形容词的用法 ①作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。如： She's a clever girl.她是个聪明的女孩。 ②作表语，放在系动词(am, is, are, feel, taste…)的后面。如： My aunt looks young.我阿姨看起来很年轻。 ③作宾语补足语，一般紧跟在宾语后面。如： The new present makes me happy.新礼物让我高兴。 ④修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时，形容词通常放在它们后面。如：I would like something hot to drink.我想喝些热饮料。 ⑤ 表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，放在相应的名词之后。如： My uncle is 1.8 metres tall.我叔叔身高1.8米。 ⑥有的形容词只能作表语，如：afraid害怕的,alone独自的,asleep睡着的,awake醒着的,alive活着的,well健康的,ill生病的。如： —What's the matter?怎么了？ —I'm ill.我生病了。 ⑦有的形容词只能作定语，如：only唯一的,woolen羊毛的,elder年长的。如： I'm the only child in my family.我是家里的独生子。 ⑧有的形容词加上定冠词the可以泛指一类人或整体，谓语动词用复数。如： We shouldn't laugh at the poor.我们不应该嘲笑穷人。 知识归纳 "the +形容词”的用法 "the+形容词”表示一类人或整体，在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。如： We should help the old. 我们应该帮助老人。（作宾语） We are building a school for the blind. 我们正在为盲人建一所学校。（作宾语） The young are the nation's future. 年轻人是国家的未来。（作主语） 中 考点二  形容词在句子中的排列顺序 多个形容词修饰一个名词时，其排列顺序则由它们与被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定。 与被修饰的名词关系越密切的、描述越具体的形容词越靠近被修饰词。一般情况下顺序如下： 限定词（冠词、人称代词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词等）→描绘词（大小、长短、形状、新 旧或年龄、颜色）→来源或出处→材料性质→类别→名词。如： my small old blue bag我的旧的蓝色小书包 巧学妙记 记忆形容词排列顺序的顺口溜：好美小高状其新，颜色国料用途亲。 解释：好美(形容好的或美的，如beautiful, nice等)小（大小）高（高低）状（形状，如圆的，方的等）新（新，旧，年龄），颜色（红，黄等）国（国家）料（材料）用途（用来干什么的），“其”和“亲”只是起连接作用，没什么实际意义。 中 考点三  形容词比较等级的构成 形容词有三个比较等级：原级、比较级和最高级。 ➊ 形容词比较等级的规则变化 构成规则 例 词 原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级 一般直接在词尾加-er,-est. strong stronger strongest 以不发音的字母e结尾的，词尾加-r, -st. late later latest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，将y变i再加-er, -est. heavy happy heavier happier heaviest happiest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写这个辅音字母后再加-er, -est. hot fat hotter fatter hottest fattest 部分双音节和多音节词，在词前加more, most. beautiful wonderful more beautiful more wonderful most beautiful most wonderful 分词形式的形容词，一般在词前加more, most. tired interesting more tired more interesting most tired most interesting ❷ 形容词比较等级的不规则变化 原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级 good better best bad, ill worse worst many, much more most little less least far farther/ further farthest/ furthest old older/ elder oldest/ eldest 中 考点四  形容词比较等级的用法 ➊ 形容词原级的用法 肯定结构的形式是“as+原级+as”，意为“……和……一样”；否定结构的形式是“not as +原级+as”或“not so+原级+as”,意为“……不如……”。如： I'm as strong as my uncle.我和我叔叔一样强壮。 ❷ 形容词比较级的用法 其结构为“比较级+than+...”,意为“······比······更······”。如： My schoolbag is heavier than yours.我的书包比你的（书包）重。 ➌ 形容词最高级的用法 其结构为“the+最高级+名词+比较范围”，意为“⋯⋯最⋯⋯”。注意：形容词的最高级前通常加定冠词the。如： He is the strongest boy in the class.他是班上最强壮的男孩。 考点再现01 单项选择。 ( )1. He is ________ than others. He is always very ________ . A. happy; happy B. happier; happier C. happier; happy ( )2. My sister's hair is ________ than mine. A. long B. longer C. longest ( )3. We grow ________ and older. A. smaller B. older C. younger 副词 副词用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，是说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。 如：beautifully, quickly, often, early 中 考点一  副词的分类 副词大体上分为时间副词(如:yesterday, now, tonight)、地点副词(如:here, there, home)、方式副词(如:carefully, fast, quietly)、程度副词(如:very, too, much)、疑问副词(如:how, why, when)、频度副词(如:often, always, usually)、否定副词(如:not)、关系副词(如:when, where, why)和连接副词(如:so, then). 中 考点二  副词的位置 副词在句中的位置比较灵活。 ①修饰形容词和副词时，需放在被修饰词的前面。如： The king is so foolish.（在形容词前）那个国王是如此愚蠢。 Liu Tao swims very well.（在副词前）刘涛游泳游得很好。 ②修饰动词时，有时放在句尾，有时放在句首。如： We went to my uncle's farm yesterday.（在句尾）我们昨天去了我叔叔的农场。 Sometimes Amy goes to the cinema at weekends.（在句首）有时埃米在周末去看电影。 ③句子中如果有be动词、助动词或情态动词时，副词应放在这些词的后面。如： Su Hai is always late for school.（在be动词后）苏海上学总是迟到。 He doesn't often do his homework at home.（在助动词后）他不经常在家做家庭作业。 Mr Black can always run fast.（在情态动词后）布莱克先生总是能跑得快。 中 考点三  副词在句子中的排列顺序 如果句末同时有几个副词时，它的顺序如下：程度副词→方式副词→地点副词→时间副词。其中，当副词表示地点时，小地点在前，大地点在后；当副词表示时间时，具体时间在前，笼 统时间在后。如： My father goes jogging along the street at 7:30 every morning. 我父亲每天早上7：30沿着这条街慢跑。 知识归纳 部分形容词转换成副词的规则 1. 一般情况下，在形容词词尾直接加-ly 变成副词。如：quick—quickly,slow— slowly, quiet—quietly, careful—carefully, beautiful—beautifully 2.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词变副词，一般将y变为i再加-ly.如：happy— happily, easy—easily 3. 以-le结尾的形容词变副词，一般是去e再加-y.如：simple—simply 易错提示 有些以-ly结尾的词不是副词而是形容词。如：friendly 友好的,lovely可爱的， lonely孤独的,sisterly亲如姐妹的,fatherly父亲般的。 中 考点四  副词比较等级的构成 副词也有三个比较等级：原级、比较级和最高级。 ❶副词比较等级的规则变化 构成规则 例 词 原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级 一般直接在词尾加-er,-est. high higher highest 以不发音的字母e结尾的，词尾加-r, -st. late later latest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，将y变i再加-er, -est. early earlier earliest 部分双音节和多音节词，在词前加more, most. beautifully wonderfully more beautifully more wonderfully most beautifully most wonderfully ❷副词比较等级的不规则变化 原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级 well better best badly worse worst much more most little less least far farther/ further farthest/ furthest (5)副词比较等级的用法 ❶副词原级的用法 肯定结构的形式是“as+原级+as”，意为“……和……一样”；否定结构的形式是“not as +原级+as”或“not so +原级+as”,意为“……不如……”。如： She doesn't jump as/ so far as you.她跳得不如你远。 ❷副词比较级的用法 其结构为“比较级+than+…”,意为“……比……更……”。如： Nancy gets up earlier than Yang Ling.南希起床比杨玲早。 ❸副词最高级的用法 其结构为“the+最高级+比较范围”，意为“……最……”。注意：副词最高级前的the通 常可以省略。如： She jumps highest in the class.她在班上跳得最高。 考点再现02 单项选择。 ( )1. This math problem is ________. I can work it out ________. A. easy; easy B. easy; easily C. easily; easy ( )2. Please ________ in the dictionary. A. look up the word B. look the word C. the word look up ( )3. What a beautiful dress! Can I ________ ? A. try it on B. try on it C. it try on 强化训练 一、在横线上写出画线部分的反义词。 1. Your sister's room is clean, but yours is __________. 2. The weather here is usually dry, and it's __________ only in summer. 3.Swimming is __________ for me. Running is easy for me. 4.This bag is heavy. That bag is __________. 二、Jenny正在向大家介绍自己的朋友。为下列句子选择相符的图片。 A. B. C. D. E. ( )1. He is thin. He has a pair of glasses. He likes painting. ( )2. She is tall and thin. She has long hair. She is very nice. ( )3. He is strong. He has short hair and big eyes. He likes sports. ( )4. He is fat. He has short hair, big eyes and a small mouth. He is cute. ( )5. She is short, and she has small eyes and a small nose. She is very quiet. 三、单项选择。 ( )1.—It's __________ today. We can't have a picnic. —What a pity! A. sunny B. cloudy C. rainy D. fine ( )2.—Do you like eating vegetables? —Yes, because they are __________. A. friendly B. favourite C. healthy D. sweet ( )3.The picture is __________ than that one. A. bad B. good C. worse D. well ( )4.My little brother is not __________ to go to school. A. young enough B. old enough C. enough young D. enough old ( )5.My friend Lulu is the __________ girl in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest. D. the tallest ( )6.You must pay attention to the traffic rules. It's _________ to cross the street at the red light. A. dangerous B. safe C. boring D. wonderful ( )7.Our shadows get __________, when the sun gets __________. A. shorter; higher B. longer; higher C. shorter; lower D. longer; bigger ( )8.Beijing is one of the __________ cities in the world. A. smaller B. smallest C. bigger D. biggest ( )9.—Mum,I' m__________ with Sam. He ate all the strawberries! —Take a deep breath, Sarah. Let's go to the supermarket and buy some more. A. afraid B. happy C. angry D. worried ( )10.Joe always has toothache because he eats __________ sweet food. A. too few B. too little C. too much D. too many 四、【新情境·介绍鸟类】鸵鸟和蜂鸟分别是世界上现存的最大和最小的鸟类，你对它们了解多少呢？根据表格内容，选词填空，补全短文。（有两个词多余） Ostrich（鸵鸟） Hummingbird（蜂鸟） Weight 100~150 kilograms 1.8~20 grams（克） Height 1.5~3 metres 5.5~7.6 centimetres Size of wings（翼） big small Features（特征） long legs, long neck, short tail long beak（喙）, long tail, short legs big smaller short taller heavier shorter long The ostrich and the hummingbird have many differences. The ostrich is much 1. __________ and 2. __________ than the hummingbird. The ostrich's wings are 3. __________. Its neck and legs are 4. __________ , but its tail is short. The hummingbird has a long beak and a long tail, but its legs are 5. __________. 五、选词填空，补全句子或对话。（注意词的形式） 1.They worked __________ and lived happily in the countryside. 2.Some students speak very __________. I can't hear what the teacher says. high hard 3.My grandpa is old. He often does exercise and eats __________. loud 4.It's a little dark. I can't see the picture __________. healthy 5.—What are you going to do in the sports meeting next week? clear —I' m going to do the high jump. Because I can jump __________. 六、根据图片及首字母提示写单词，补全句子。 1.“I lost my pen,” Bob said s__________. 2.Please talk q__________. The baby is sleeping. 3.My brother is good at English. He can speak English w__________. 4.I get up e__________ every day. I am never late for school. 5.It is raining h__________ outside. We can't go out to have a picnic. 七、判断下列句子与图片是(T)否(F)相符。 ( )1. You must listen to the teacher carefully in class. ( )2. Jim is a good student. He often answers the questions actively. ( )3. Jack knew the news. Now he is crying sadly in his bedroom. ( )4. My cousin does well in sports. He can play basketball. ( )5. In summer, the stars often shine brightly at night. 八、【新情境】Tom在放学路上遇到了Anna，他们在聊什么呢？选择合适的选项补全对话，将序号填在 横线上。 A. usually B. How C. worried D. far E. unluckily Tom: Anna, you look 1. __________. What happened? Anna: I 2. __________ go to school by bike. But I lost my bike 3. __________ yesterday. Tom: 4. __________ did you go to school today? Anna: My father drove a car. It took us 10 minutes to get to school. Tom: It is so fast to drive a car! Anna: Yes. But I think riding a bike is a green way to protect the earth. Tom: We can also choose to walk if it's not 5. __________. Anna: You're right. 九、阅读Tom和Peter的对话，选择正确的答案。 Tom: Do you have a sister, Peter? Peter: Yes. Her name is Kate. Tom: Is she older than you? Peter: No, she is younger than me. She is three years younger than me. Tom: Is she shorter than you? Peter: No, she is a little taller than me. Tom: Does she have bigger eyes than you? Peter: Yes, her eyes are bigger than mine.Tom: Who loves sports more, you or your sister? Peter: She does. She is the best swimmer, the best runner and the best tennis player in her class. ( )1. Kate is ________ than Peter. A. old B. older C. young D. younger ( )2. Peter is ________ than Kate. A. a little shorter B. a little taller C. bigger D. smaller ( )3. Kate's eyes are ________ than Peter's. A. smaller B. bigger C. a little bigger D. a little smaller ( )4. Kate loves sports ________ than Peter. A. much B. little C. more D. less ( )5. Kate is the best swimmer, the best runner and the best ________ in her class. A. football player B. tennis player C. basketball player D. volleyball player 参考答案 考点再现01 1. C 2. B 3. B 考点再现02 1.B 2.A 3.A 强化训练 一、1. dirty2. wet3. difficult/ hard4. light 二、1~5DBACE 三、1~5CCCBC 6~10AADCC 四、1. heavier2. taller 3. big 4. long5. short 五、1. hard2. loud/ loudly3. healthily 4. clearly 5. high 六、1. sadly2. quietly 3. well4. early5. heavily 七、1~5TTFFT 八、1~5CAEBD 九、1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 第 1 页 共 10 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $