专题05 长难句分析拆分简化课件-2026届高考英语二轮复习

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, The analysis of sentences 长难句分析—— 拆分简化 辨识长难句 长难句分析 四步法拆解 简化口诀 高考真题 辨识长难句 核心定义：长难句 = 1 个主句 + 多个从句 + 一堆修饰 Zhong Nanshan, who graduated from Beijing Medical University, is an extremely excellent doctor in China, leading the fights against COVID-19 pandemic. 思考：是什么使得句子又长又难？ 一个句子=主干+N个修饰 从句 非谓语动词短语 介词短语 1.He works hard. 2.He works hard for a company. 4.Living with his son happily, he works hard for a company which was founded in 2002. 5.Living with his son happily, he works hard for a company which was founded in 2002 and most of his workmates show great respect for him. 3.He works hard for a company which was founded in 2002. What makes a simple sentence become complicated? 介词短语 从句 非谓语动词 形容词 副词 同位语 插入语 并列结构 The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help their patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. (新高考全国Ι卷) leaves trunk branches 五大基本句型 如果你愿意一层一层一层地拨开它的心； 你会发现，你会讶异， 就只是简单五大基本句型。 Four basic sentence structures 基本句子类型 Miss Liu is our English teacher. Miss Liu is our English teacher she is very pretty. Miss Liu is our English teacher ， devotes herself to teaching. Miss Liu is our English teacher______ devotes herself to teaching ______ we all admire her. and who who and Simple sentence 简单句 Compound sentence并列句 Complex sentence 复合句 Compound-complex sentence并列复合句 Five basic sentence structures 五种基本句型 B 1.Learning English is important. 2.He looks happy. A 1.The man laughed. 2.The children cried. C 1.He helped me. 2.I like smiling. D 1.He lent me fifty yuan. 2.I bought her some flowers. E 1.We call him Mike. 2.He makes me sad. 主+系 + 表 主+谓+宾+宾补 主+谓+ 双宾 主+谓+ 宾 主 + 谓 阅读理解 (Reading) 长难句常作为出题点，理解错误会直接导致选错答案。 完形填空 (Cloze) 长难句的逻辑关系（如因果、转折）是解题的关键线索。 语法填空 对长难句结构的分析是判断词汇的基础 在作文中恰当使用长难句，可提升文章档次。 书面表达 (Grammatical Filling) (Written Expression) 长难句在考试中的应用场合 长难句分析 三长 and, but, or, as well as 一并列 两短 preposition phrase 介词短语 clause从句 non-finite verb phrase非谓语 adjective/ adverb 形容词、副词 parallel structure 平行并列结构 The modifiers can be concluded as follows： 三长两短一并列 划分：从介词开始 到介词后面第一个名词结束 划分：引导词开始 ①到句尾 ②到逗号 ③到下一个修饰成分 ④到下一个谓语 划分：非谓语开始 ①到句尾 ②到逗号 ③到谓语动词 ④到下一个修饰成分 tips： 扩句程度较低，不影响句子理解，在分析句子的时候可以不单独挑出来 连接词连接名词，动词，句子等,找出连接词,如果连接句子，把句子断开后再分析单个句子里面的句子成分 介词短语 Preposition phrase 从句 Clause 非谓语 Non-finite verb phrase 形容词、副词 Adjective, adverb 并列 Parallel The girl (under the tree) is my sister. The Spring Festival (that can show the tradition of Chinese) is the most important festival. The man (teaching English) is called Damon. I (firmly) believe he is the (only) choice. Singing and laughing, we headed to the park. Use brackets(括号) to mark “三长” “两短”,and circles to mark the compound(连词). Mark the modifiers & Grasp the trunk（括修饰，抓主干） ①去繁存简抓主干认清“三长两短一并列”，找到主干。 三长 介词短语 从句 非谓语 两短 形容词 副词 一并列 并列句 括号标记 (名从充当主干） 不做标记 框出并列词，往后看找出并列成份并标🔺 ※ 同位语、插入语、强调句、省略句、倒装句的嵌套 (Even though Britain has a reputation)( for less-than-impressive cuisine）, it is producing more top class chefs （who appear frequently）（ on our television screens） and （whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists）. 本句主干 ②按照顺序译意群 运用词汇及语法知识,借助连接词/引导词等将长句分解成若干意群并直译 引导条件让步状语从句 引导定语从句 引导定语从句 (Even though Britain has a reputation)( for less-than-impressive cuisine）, it is producing more top class chefs （who appear frequently）（ on our television screens） and （whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists）. ③调整语序明句意 合理调整语序，使句意表达通顺。 尽管英国的菜肴有个不怎么样的名声，但是它培养了越来越多顶级厨师，他们经常出现在电视屏幕上，他们的食谱经常在畅销书列表上名列前茅。 The key finding (of the study) was that （when crowds were further divided）（into smaller groups ）(that were allowed to have a discussion), the averages (from these groups) were more accurate （than those ）（from an equal number） (of independent individuals). 本句主干 引导表语从句（充当主干） 引导时间状语从句 引导定语从句 修饰先行词 指代 四步法拆解长难句 STEP 01 STEP 02 圈连词 (标志) 识别从句的“开关”，圈出连接词，区分主句与从句。 STEP 03 括掉修饰成分 “脱掉”长难句的“外衣”，用括号隔离从句和修饰。 STEP 04 译主干补细节 先抓核心主干含义，再将修饰成分的细节补充进去。 找动词 (谓语) 确定句子的“心脏”，找到谓语动词 圈连词 (从句标志) Step 1. 核心概念：连词是从句的“信号灯”，看到它们就意味着一个从句的开始。 定语从句 (Attributive) that, which, who, whom, whose, where, when, why 状语从句 (Adverbial) because, if, when, while, although, though, until, that 名词性从句 (Noun) what, who, which, whether, if, that 例句分析 句子：I don't know if he will come because he is busy. 解析：连词 "if" (引导宾语从句) 和 "because" (引导原因状语从句)。 找动词 (谓语) Step 2. He is the boy who won the competition. 核心概念：句子的心脏 动词是句子的核心，找到谓语动词，就找到了句子的主干。 关键作用： 表达动作或状态 决定句子的时态和语态 连接主语与其他成分 例句解析 成分分析： 主句谓语：is(系动词，表示状态) 从句谓语：won(实义动词，表示动作) 括号括掉从句和修饰 Step 3. 核心方法：化繁为简 识别修饰成分 找出句子中的定语从句、宾语从句、介词短语等修饰性内容。 括号整体括除 将这些修饰成分用括号标记并暂时忽略，剥离干扰信息。 提取句子主干 剩下的部分通常就是句子的主语、谓语和宾语核心结构。 实战演练：例句解析 The book that you bought yesterday is very interesting. 分析结果： 括掉定语从句 (that you bought yesterday) 后，剩余主干为：The book is very interesting. ( ) 翻译主干，再补修饰 Step 4. 核心逻辑：先准确理解句子主干的核心意思，再将括号内的修饰成分通顺地补充进去，实现全句的完整翻译。 原句拆解 (Sentence Breakdown) 1. 句子主干 (Main Clause) The book is very interesting. 2. 修饰成分 (Modifier) (that you bought yesterday) 翻译重组 (Translation Process) 1. 翻译主干 这本书很有趣。 2. 补充修饰，形成完整译文 (你昨天买的) 这本书很有趣。 01. 圈连词 识别连接词，区分主句与从句，理清句子逻辑结构。 03. 括从句 用括号括起修饰性从句，暂时屏蔽次要信息，简化视觉。 04. 留主干 剔除修饰成分后，剩下的主谓宾即为句子的核心含义。 终极口诀 “找动词，定主句；见连词，划从句；括号括掉修饰语，剩下主干最清楚。” 02. 找动词 寻找句子的核心谓语，确定动作发出者与承受者的关系。 总结与回顾 简化口诀 1. 划出句子主干(主谓) trunk 谓语动词有什么特点 2. 括起修饰成分 拨开枝叶减少干扰 3. 圈出句中连词 根据连词确定从句类型 4. 理顺逻辑读懂句意 注意英汉差异：后置定语 一划 (二括/圈) “三会意” branches (leaves) 理清句子主干和附属成分之间逻辑关系 Schools across China are expected to hire 50000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, to help reduce unemployment pressures. A Trunk : Schools are expected to hire graduates. 简单句 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Simple sentence简单句 non-predicate （非谓语） In the 1970s he was a surgeon(外科医生) at Yale, had a wonderful life and five beautiful children, but he was terribly unhappy. B 本句为____ 个并列句；连词是______ ( ) ( ) Compound sentence并列句 3 but That引导的________从句中，包含______引导 的时间状语从句。 并列句和主从复合句并存 C I can’t live in fear of the possibility that as our earth’s population grows and we use more of our nonrenewable非再生的 resources, our children may have to lead poorer lives. Complex sentence复合句 ( ) ( ) 同位语 as clause （同位语从句） 我不能总是生活在对这种可能性的忧虑中：随着地球上人口的不断增长，我们正在消耗掉越来越多的非再生资源，我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加贫穷的生活。 Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. 【句式分析】本句是_________句，主干是_________________________。修饰语包括三个非谓语短语：__________，________，和__________。 【句子翻译】当自豪地阅读我写得内容的时，我环顾整个房间，却发现我的同学笑得眼泪都要流出来了。 一划，二括，三会意 ) ( ) ( ) ( 简单 reading to find bearing I glanced around the room The Olympic spirit -- the spirit of competition which emphasizes taking part rather winning – has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs. 【句式分析】本句是______句，主干为______________________________ 其余部分皆为_________。which引导___________，修饰先行词_______, to succeed修饰________。 【句子翻译】奥林匹克精神—强调参与而不是取胜的竞技精神– 已经被为成功而不惜一切代价的愿望所亵渎。 一划，二括，三会意 ) ( ) ( 复合 定语从句 spirit desire 侵犯,亵渎 修饰语 同位语 The Olympic spirit has been violated Beds that are too small, shower heads(淋浴喷头) that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room（腿部空间）all make life difficult for those of above average height. 一划，二括，三会意 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 【句式分析】本句是______句，谓语动词是______，主语是_____，第一个that从句修饰______，第二个that从句修饰______________，with结构修饰_________________。 【句子翻译】太小的床，太低的淋浴喷头，几乎没有腿部空间的餐厅桌子，都让那些身高高于平均水平的人的生活变得艰难。 复合 make shower heads restaurant tables beds 【句式分析】本句是______句，连词为____。第一个分句是____________， 第二个分句是____________。修饰语有___，___，___。suitable for living修饰_______, to go further into space修饰______ 。句中运用了__________ 时态。 【句子翻译】到本世纪末，我们将会在太阳系中发现其他适合人类居住的星球，并将发现进行更远空间探索的方法。 By the end of the century, we will have discovered other places in our solar system suitable for living and we will have discovered ways to go further into space. 一划，二括，三会意 ) ( ) ( 并列 ) ( 将来完成 ways and places we will have ... we will have ... The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively. 一划，二括，三会意 【句式分析】本句包含了特殊句式___________________________，主干是___________________, who引导的从句修饰________。 【句子翻译】年轻人越接触经济问题，越早地了解这些问题，他们就更有可能成为有责任感的、早作打算的成年人，能够有信心地、有效地管理自己的经济问题。 ) ( the+比较级，the+比较级 adults As their world expanded, (she said), children compared themselves to others online in a way that was “hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves”. (2017江苏卷D) 一划，二括，三会意 【句式分析】本句是______ 句，主干是__________。that引导的是_______ 从句，修饰______。从句主干是______，后面三个介词短语的关系是______关系。 【句子翻译】随着他们的世界的扩张，孩子们把自己跟网络上的其它人，用一种对自我认同、自信心和自我发展能力都具有极大破坏力的方式进行比较。 ) ( 复合 ) ( 定语 way 并列 3 suspects’(嫌疑人) statements Victim(受害者)： Mr. Wang, a successful business man, was found murdered in his house at 10 pm, with a knife in his chest. Having an argument with Mr. Wang, Joe, one of Mr. Wang’s neighbors, didn’t get along well with him. But he had been painting for several hours in his own house that night when Mr.Wang was murdered. He has worked with Mr. Wang on several occasions. Two weeks ago, Jack found a love letter from Mr. Wang to his wife, and he was furious, feeling betrayed and embarrassed. Owning a restaurant, he had access to all kitchen supplies such as knives which can be dangerous tools. As Mr. Wang’s personal assistant, Jane was blamed for making mistakes in work by Mr. Wang, who was always strict and unkind verbally. Someone found that there was a knife wound in her hand. She was buried in her work at the office until 3 am next morning. Joe Jack Jane Find the killer(寻找真凶） Suspect No. 1 Having an argument with Mr. Wang, Joe, one of Mr. Wang’s neighbors, didn’t get along well with him. But he had been painting for several hours in his own house that night when Mr.Wang was murdered. Joe （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） Joe didn’t get along well with him. But he had been painting when Mr. wang was murdered. Suspect No. 2 Jane As Mr. Wang’s personal assistant, Jane was blamed for making mistakes in work by Mr. Wang, who was always strict and unkind verbally(言语上地). Someone found that there was a knife wound in her hand. She was buried in her work at the office until 3 am next morning. （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） Jane was blamed. Someone found. She was buried （ ） in her work at the office until 3 am next morning. Suspect No. 3 He has worked with Mr. Wang on several occasions. Two weeks ago, Jack found a love letter from Mr. Wang to his wife, and he was furious(狂怒的), feeling betrayed and embarrassed. Owning a restaurant, he had access to all kitchen supplies such as knives which can be dangerous tools. Jack Killer （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） Jack has worked. Jack found a love letter and he was furious. He had access. with Mr. wang. to all kitchen supplies such as knives 高考真题 1. His journey began at a local arts and crafts factory,(   56   he noticed a gap between traditional Chinese lacquerware and modern global standards.) (2025届石家庄二模) 2. A relative (62._________ brags (吹嘘) about enjoying food out of season )is later revealed to have dangerously violent temper.(2025届石家庄二模) 3.In Yihuawan Cultural Tourism Town, located in Anhui’s Susong County, visitors can hike through jungle-filled valleys, pick fresh fruit and vegetables, and admire seas of flowers (____42____ are in full blossom throughout the year.( 2025届高三深圳期末联考) 4. Despite challenges such as unpredictable weather and signal interference, the team, ( ______57 average age is 27,) delivered a flawless performance. Most of the team members specialize in drone technology, while others are enthusiasts recruited by the company.(2025届高三衢州、丽水、湖州二模) 定从中不缺主干，先行词是 地点---where 定从中缺主语，先行词是 人---who 定从中缺主语，先行词是 物---which/ that 定从中有部分主语，即缺少定语，---whose 长难句中定语从句的考查：（标注提示：主句中 主语 谓语 宾语 先行词； 从句在括号内显示，再标记句子成分） 5.( _______64____ is expected by industry experts,) drone shows are going to become even more spectacular, with continuous technological progress. (2025届高三衢州、丽水、湖州二模) 6. Abdulrahman AlSuhailbni, the president of culture at the Royal Commission for AlUla, says, “We’ve adopted a varied strategy to meet the needs of Chinese tourists, （   62    features cultural, historical and luxury experiences.” ）（ 2025届高三武汉二月调研测试） 7. Among the British Museum’s most famous holdings are the Elgin Marbles, （_______ were removed in the early 19th century from Athens. （2025届广东高三名校仿真模拟卷） 8. Actually, besides its rich tourism resource （that bring positive attention to the city of Kaifeng）, residents in Kaifeng have long been devoting to fueling its tourism, （among ________ Xu Shijie is an outstanding representative. ）(河北省2025届高三年级调研考试) 非限定从中缺主语，辨别准确，先行词是物---which 非限定从中缺主语，先行词是物---which 非限定从中缺主语，辨别准确，先行词是人，且前有介词---whom 定从中缺主语，还需考虑翻译意思，正如…---as， 长难句中谓语动词的考查：（标注提示： 主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语） 谓语填空：步步为营，找主语，看单复，时态语态要分析，特殊结构要记住，就近原则别疏忽，集合名词看语境。 1. On January 28, 3,000 drones (无人机) performed a stunning light show in Chongqing during the Spring Festival Gala. The show, organized by Damoda Intelligent Control Technology, ________ (feature) patterns of famous landmarks and flowers across the night sky.（2025届高三衢州、丽水、湖州二模） 2. In 1881, the original natural history collections ________ (move) to a new building in South Kensington to form the Natural History Museum, and in 1973 the British Museum’s library was joined with a number of other holdings ________ (create) the British Library. （2025届广东高三名校仿真模拟卷） 3. Their creations were collected in Messengers from the Vernal Wood, （which _______ (release) in Germany on October 18, 2024. ）（2025届云浮市云城区高三调研） 句子中缺少谓语，看上下文时态 ---featured 第一个空，句子中缺少谓语，in 1881 过去时，与主语collections 被动关系， ---were moved 第二个空，主谓宾齐全，少目的状语——to create 从句中缺少谓语，主语which 指代的先行词是书名，视为单数 ---was released In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.① You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.② What is presented in the final chapter of part one? Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods. C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses. ①在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理。 ②您将听到这些参与者的故事，并了解哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到的哪些陷阱您应该避免。 In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations, including UNESCO and National Geographic, have for many years been recording dying languages and the culture which they reflect. (2014年全国一卷阅读D篇) Many scholars are making efforts to ______ promote global languages. rescue the disappearing languages. search for languages communities. set up languages research organizations. ) ( ) ( ( ( ) ) ( ) B Back in 1983, as two scientists reported, young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.(2017年全国二卷) What does a plant do when it is under attack? ________ It makes noise. It gets help from other plants. C. It stands quietly. D. It sends out certain chemicals. D  Friedman points out that the green economy is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency(货币) of power in the new century.” What is Fried’s attitude towards America’s future? _______ Ambiguous B. Doubtful C. Hopeful D. Tolerant C Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, Thank You 感谢观看 $