Unit 5 Nature's Temper (Section B) 核心知识点精讲精练-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元全方位精练（新教材人教版）

Unit 5 Nature's Temper 核心知识点精讲 3 (Section B) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section B部分包括本部分重点短语集锦、重点词汇解析、重难句型解析、其他知识解析等板块，核心知识点讲解中包含适当数量，多种类型的随学随练。配有“知识过关练习”，包含词汇填空、单句语法填空、单项填空、选词填空、翻译句子等题型。 · Section B部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语，斜体为听力文本中短语) 1. prepare for 为…… 做准备 2. save many lives 挽救许多生命 3. a 10-year-old English schoolgirl 一名 10 岁的英国女学生 4. on holiday 在度假 5. walk along the beach 沿着海滩散步 6. notice something strange 注意到奇怪的事情 7. thick white forth 厚厚的白色泡沫 8. instead of 代替；而不是 9. two weeks before 两周前 10. be going to do... 打算 / 将要做…… 11. refuse to do 拒绝做 12. take a single step further 再往前走一步 13. decide (not) to do 决定（不）做 14. the rest of ... 剩下的……；其余的…… 15. return to... 返回…… 16. *security guard 保安人员 17. jump into action 立即行动；马上采取行动 18. right away 立刻；马上 19. rush to do 赶紧做；匆忙做 20. get people off the beach 让人们离开海滩 21. began to do 开始做 22. as fast as they could 尽可能快地 23. make it to safety 到达安全地带 24. on one 没有人 25. a single person 一个人 26. between life and death 在生死之间 27. thanks to 多亏；归功于 28. quick thinking 敏捷的思维 29. *as soon as 一…… 就…… 30. survive a natural disaster 在自然灾害中幸存 31. blow across 吹过；掠过 32. sweep through 席卷；横扫 33. rescue workers 救援人员 34. avoid doing 避免做 35. experience a great heatwave 经历严重的热浪 36. put out 扑灭；熄灭 37. stay away from 远离 38. high temperatures 高温 39. changeable winds 多变的风 40. give up 放弃 41. by the end of... 在…… 结束之前；到…… 末 42. manage to do 设法做成；努力完成 43. *alarm clock 闹钟 44. *go off (警报器等)发出响声 45. wake up 醒来 46. rush to the bus stop 冲向公交站 47. review my notes 复习我的笔记 48. *all of a sudden 突然；猛地 49. roll across 滚过；席卷而过 50. *by the time 到……的时候 51. *out of breath 上气不接下气 52. *as a result 因此 53. after all 毕竟；终究 54. go wrong 出故障；出错 55. grow darker and darker 变得越来越暗 2、 重点词汇解析 1. worst /wɜːst/ adj. & adv. (bad 和 badly 的最高级)最坏的(的)；最糟(的) [词汇拓展] bad(adj.)坏的，糟糕的；badly(adv.)坏地，糟糕地； worse(bad 和 badly 的比较级)(adj./adv.)更坏的(的)；更糟(的) [词汇搭配] the worst 最糟糕的情况，最糟糕的结果(“the+形容词”表示一类事物) worst of all最糟糕的是；at (the) worst（指可能出现的最坏情况）往最坏处说，最坏的情况是 bring out the worst in sb 使原形毕露；使表现出最坏的品质 do one’s worst 不择手段；使尽最坏的招数 if the worst comes to the worst如果发生最坏的情况 [随学随练] 用worst相关表达补全句子 (1) 我们打包了一些物资，为最坏的情况做准备。 We packed some supplies to prepare for the worst. (2) 如果最坏的事发生，我们就只好把房子卖掉。 If the worst comes to the worst, we'll just have to sell the house. (3) 压力可以使人现出原形。 Pressure can bring out the worst in people. (4) 最坏的情况是，他得交罚款。 At the worst, he'll have to pay a fine. (5) 最糟糕的是，他们似乎对与他人交流失去了兴趣。 Worst of all, they seem to be losing interest in communicating with others. 2. refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/ v. 拒绝；推却 [词汇拓展] refusal(n.)拒绝；turn down 调低；拒绝 [词汇搭配] refuse to do 拒绝做某事；refuse his invitation 拒绝他的邀请 [词汇例句] She refused to accept that there was a problem. 她拒不承认有问题存在。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) David ________ his friend’s invitation to the picnic in order to stay at home and have a good rest. A．sent B．expected C．refused D．covered 【答案】C 【详解】句意：大卫拒绝了朋友的野餐邀请，以便待在家里好好休息。 考查动词辨析。sent发送；expected期望；refused拒绝；covered覆盖。根据“in order to stay at home and have a good rest”可知，为了在家休息，他应该是拒绝了邀请。故选C。 (2) After the big argument, the twin sisters refused _________ with each other. A．to talk B．talking C．talk D．talked 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在大吵一架之后，双胞胎姐妹拒绝和彼此谈话。 考查非谓语动词。根据“the twin sisters refused …”可知，refuse do sth.“拒绝做某事”，为固定搭配，要用动名词不定式。故选A。 3. security /səˈkjʊərəti/ n. 安全；保安；保障 [词汇拓展] secure(adj.)安全的；(v.)保卫，保护；safety(n.)安全 [词汇搭配] national security 国家安全；airport security机场的安全措施 [词汇例句] They carried out security checks at the airport. 他们在机场实行了安全检查。 [随学随练] 单项填空 We should use strong passwords to ensure the ________ of our personal information. A．advantage B．security C．perfection D．loss 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该使用强密码来确保个人信息的安全。 考查名词辨析。advantage优势；security安全；perfection完美；loss损失。根据“use strong passwords to ensure the…of our personal information”可知，使用强密码可以确保个人信息的安全，此处应用名词security“安全”。故选B。 4. guard /ɡɑːd/ n. 卫兵；保卫v. 保卫 [词汇拓展] safeguard /ˈseɪfɡɑːd/ v. 保护；捍卫；lifeguard(n.)救生员；bodyguard(n.)保镖；警卫（队） [词汇搭配] security guard 保安人员；do guard duty 担任警戒任务 lower/drop one’s guard 放松警惕，不提防；guard against 提防，防范 [词汇例句] We’d better learn some first-aid skills to guard against any possible danger around us.我们最好学 习一些急救技能，以防范我们周围可能出现的任何危险。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The police are responsible for ________ people’s lives, so we should respect them. A．burning B．leading C．guarding D．enjoying 【答案】C 【详解】句意：警察肩负着守护民众生命安全的责任，因此我们应当尊重他们。 考查动词词义辨析。burning燃烧；leading带领，领导；guarding守卫，保卫；enjoying享受，喜爱。根据“警察为人民的生命负责”可推测警察是守护人民的生命的。故选C。 5. thankfully /ˈθæŋkfəli/ adv. 幸亏；感激地 [词汇拓展] thank(v./n.)感谢；thankful(adj.)感激的，欣慰的 [词汇例句] I accepted the invitation thankfully. 我很感激地接受了邀请。 [随学随练] 用thank的适当形式填空 (1) I must write and Mary for the present. (2) There was a fire in the building, but no one was hurt. (3) for giving me some useful advice. (4) I was to see they'd all arrived safely. 【答案】 (1) thank (动词)；(2)thankfully (副词，修饰整个句子)；(3)Thanks (名词复数)；(4)thankful (形容词，作表语) 6. knowledge /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/ n. 知识；学问 [词汇拓展] knowledgeable(adj.)有见识的；知识渊博的 [词汇搭配] scientific knowledge科学知识；have a good/wide knowledge of... 有...方面好的/广博的知识 be common/public knowledge常识；众所周知；to one’s knowledge据某人所知 [词汇例句] 用knowledge相关表达补全句子 (1) 他在绘画和音乐方面知识渊博 He has a wide knowledge of painting and music. (2) 吸烟会严重影响你的健康，这是常识。 It’s common knowledge that smoking seriously influences your health. (3) Alice总有很多点子，但据我所知没一个有用。 Alice is always full of ideas, but none is useful to my knowledge. 7. thinking /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/ n. 思考；想法 [词汇拓展] think(v.)思考；thought(n.)想法，看法 [词汇搭配] quick thinking 快速的思考；to my way of thinking我认为；依我看；依我之见 [词汇例句] I had to do some quick thinking.我得迅速思考一番。 8. hero /ˈhɪərəʊ/ n. 英雄；男主角；偶像 [词汇拓展] (pl.) heroes；heroine(n.)女英雄；女主角；heroic (adj.)英勇的；英雄的 [词汇搭配] a war hero战斗英雄；one of the country's national heroes 这个国家的一位民族英雄 my childhood hero我孩提时的偶像 [词汇例句] The hero of the novel is a ten-year old boy. 这部小说的主人公是个十岁的男孩。 9. rescue /ˈreskjuː/ n. & v. 救援；营救 [词汇拓展] rescuer(n.)救援者 [词汇搭配] rescue workers救援人员；rescue sb./sth. from...从…中救出某人/某物 a mountain rescue team高山救援队；come/go to one’s rescue前去救援 [词汇例句] You rescued me from an embarrassing situation. 我正感到尴尬，你为我解了围。 [随学随练] 单项填空 You’d better stay where you are and wait for the ________ when you get lost in the forest. A．rescue B．change C．speed D．view 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当你在森林里迷路时，你最好留在原地等待救援。 考查名词辨析。rescue营救；change改变；speed速度；view观点。结合“when you get lost in the forest”可知，迷路时要在原地等待救援。故选A。 10. firefighter /ˈfaɪəfaɪtə(r)/ n. 消防队员 [词汇拓展] fire(n.)火；fighter(n.)战士；战斗者；fireman(n.)消防队员；fire engine消防车 [词汇搭配] over 500 firefighters超过200名消防队员 [词汇例句] Though the night was dark, the firefighters managed to save the little girl.尽管夜色昏暗，消防员们 还是设法救出了小女孩。 11. volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ n. 志愿者；自告奋勇者 v. 自愿做；义务做 [词汇拓展] voluntary(adj.)志愿的，义务的 [词汇搭配] volunteer helpers无偿援助者；volunteer to do 自愿做某事，义务做某事 [词汇例句] Schools need volunteers to help children to read. 学校需要义务工作者帮助儿童阅读。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) In the coming summer vacation, I want to teach in a small village school as a ________. A．passenger B．tourist C．nurse D．volunteer 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在即将到来的暑假，我想作为一名志愿者在一个小乡村学校教书。 考查名词辨析。passenger乘客；tourist游客；nurse护士；volunteer志愿者。根据“I want to teach in a small village school as a”可知此处指作为一名志愿者在乡村小学教学。故选D。 (2) —As a book lover, you could volunteer ________ kids learn to read. —Sounds great. A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——作为一个喜欢读书的人，你可以自愿帮助孩子学会读书。 ——听起来非常好。 考查非谓语动词。根据volunteer to do sth.“自愿做某事”可知，应用不定式作宾语。故选B。 12. terribly /ˈterəbli/ adv. 非常糟地；非常 [词汇拓展] terrible(adj.)糟糕的；badly(adv.)糟糕地 [词汇搭配] terribly sorry 非常抱歉 [词汇例句] I was terribly scared when I heard the strange noise last night.昨晚听到那奇怪的声音时，我害怕 极了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The exam was ________ difficult, so most students failed. A．hardly B．nearly C．luckily D．terribly 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这次考试非常难，所以大多数学生都不及格。 考查副词辨析。hardly几乎不；nearly几乎；luckily幸运地；terribly非常，极其。根据“so most students failed”可知，考试非常难，才导致多数人不及格，因此需要表示程度高的副词来修饰形容词difficult。terribly在此处表示“极其”，符合语境。故选D。 13. alarm /əˈlɑːm/ n. 警报(器)；惊恐；v. 使惊恐；使害怕 [词汇拓展] alarming(adj.)使人惊恐的；令人忧虑的；alarmed(adj.)担心的，害怕的 [词汇搭配] alarm clock 闹钟；fire alarm 火警报警器 [词汇例句] ‘What have you done?’ Ellie cried in alarm . “你都干了些什么？”埃利惊恐地喊道。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —I’m sorry I’m late, Mr White. There’s something wrong with my ________. —That’s all right. Don’t be late again tomorrow. A．machine B．alarm C．flashlight D．strange 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——对不起，我迟到了，怀特先生。我的闹钟坏了。——没关系。明天别再迟到了。 考查名词。machine机器；alarm闹钟；flashlight手电筒；strange奇怪的。根据“I’m sorry I’m late,”可知，我迟到了，应是闹钟坏了，故选B。 14. review /rɪˈvjuː/ v. 复习；回顾；复查；写评论； n. 回顾；审查；评论 [词汇拓展] view(n.)观点；(v.)看；观看 [词汇搭配] review my notes复习我的笔记；review my failures回顾我的失败；a book review 书评 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中review的中文含义 (1) The government will review the situation later in the year. (v.)复查 (2) You need to review your success and failure. (v.) 回顾，反思 (3) Students are reviewing for the exam. (v.)复习 (4) I think it’s difficult to write the film review in such a short time.  (n.)评论 15. sudden /ˈsʌdn/ adj. 突然的；骤然的 [词汇拓展] suddenly (adv.)突然地 [词汇搭配] all of a sudden 突然；猛地；a sudden change 骤变 [词汇例句] Don't make any sudden movements. 不要突然地做任何动作。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —I hope the ________ change of the meeting place doesn’t cause much trouble to you. —Not at all. I know both of them well. A．slow B．polite C．sudden D．correct 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我希望会议地点的突然改变不会给你带来太多麻烦。——一点也不。我对这两个地方都很熟悉。 考查形容词词义辨析。slow缓慢的；polite有礼貌的；sudden突然的；correct正确的。根据“I hope the...change of the meeting place doesn’t cause much trouble to you.”可知，此处指会议地点的突然改变，所以应该用sudden。故选C。 16. thunder /ˈθʌndə(r)/ n. 雷；雷声 v. 打雷；发出雷鸣般响声 [词汇拓展] thunderous(adj.)雷鸣般的 [词汇搭配] a roll of thunder 雷声隆隆；thundering traffic轰隆隆的来往车辆 sb's face is like thunder / sb has a face like thunder某人怒气冲冲；某人满面怒容 [词汇例句] A voice thundered in my ear.我耳边响起了雷鸣般的说话声。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —I heard a loud noise. Was that ________? —Yes, it was. I saw the lightning first. A．flood B．thunder C．disaster D．insect 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我听到一声巨响。那是雷声吗？——是的，是雷声。我先看到了闪电。 thunder雷声；flood洪水；disaster灾难；insect昆虫。根据“I saw the lightning first.”可知，答语强调“先看到了闪电”，闪电常伴随雷声出现，应填thunder。 17. usual /ˈjuːʒuəl/ adj. 通常的；寻常的 [词汇拓展] unusual(adj.)不寻常的，特别的；usually(adv.)通常 [词汇搭配] as usual 像平常一样；照例 [词汇例句] Several more people than usual came to the meeting. 到会的人比平时多了几个。 [随学随练] 单项填空 My ________ way to relax is to read a book, but tonight I prefer to stay with my family after the storm. A．usual B．strange C．terrible D．weak 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我通常的放松方式是读书，但今晚暴风雨过后我更喜欢和家人待在一起。 usual通常的；strange奇怪的；terrible糟糕的；weak虚弱的。根据句中转折连词“but”及后半句“今晚我更喜欢和家人待在一起”可知，今晚的做法与平时不同，因此前半句指“通常的”放松方式，usual符合语境。 18. unlucky /ʌnˈlʌki/ adj. 不幸的；不顺利的；不吉利的 [词汇拓展] luck(n.)运气；lucky(adj.)幸运的；unluckily(adv.)不幸地 fortunate(adj.)幸运的；unfortunately /ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli/ adv. 不幸地；可惜地 [词汇搭配] unlucky day不幸的一天 [随学随练] 用luck的适当形式填空 用luck的正确形式填空。 (1) I lost a useful book yesterday. It was an unlucky day for me. (2) That’s right. You’re lucky to have such a good mother. (3) Unluckily, my friend Tom hurt himself in an accident. (4) In Chinese culture, red a color of happiness and good luck. (5) Luckily, the villagers’ dream to have a bridge has come true. 3、 重难句型解析 1. 过去进行时句型 (教材原句)Everyone was enjoying the beautiful weather that morning. (教材原句)Some people were swimming in the sea, and some were relaxing on the beach. 上述两句中的was enjoying和were relaxing都是过去进行时。过去进行时的结构为：was/were+doing。 What were they doing at that time? 那个时候他们在做什么？ [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) At four the day before yesterday, I ________ lunch in a restaurant. A．had B．will have C．was having D．am having 【答案】C 【详解】句意：前天四点，我正在一家餐馆吃午饭。 根据时间状语“At four the day before yesterday”可知，句子表示过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，结构为was/were+doing，应填was having。 (2) When the rainstorm started, we ________ TV in the living room. A．watch B．watched C．were watching D．have watched 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当暴风雨开始时，我们正在客厅看电视。 “When the rainstorm started”表示过去某个时间点，强调那一刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时were watching。 2. while/when/as引导时间状语从句 (教材原句)But while Tilly was walking along the beach with her family, she noticed something strange. 但是，当蒂莉和家人一起在海滩上散步时，她注意到了一些奇怪的事情。 (教材原句)People were screaming and running as fast as they could when they saw a huge wall of water coming from the sea.当人们看到海面涌来一堵巨大的水墙时，他们尖叫着，以最快的速度奔跑。 (教材原句)... but thankfully, her family made it to safety just as the water hit the hotel.…但幸亏，她的家人在洪水涌入酒店时及时逃到了安全地带。 when/while/as都可以引导时间状语从句，其三者区别主要如下表： 引导词 从句动词性质 主从句动作发生的顺序 when 延续性或终止性 主从句动作同时或先后发生 while 延续性或表状态 主句动作在从句动作 进展过程中发生 as 延续性或终止性 主从句动作(几乎)同时发生 · 当主句表示短暂性动作，从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内进行的动作，三者可互换。 表示“随着...”，只用as。 · 以下句型，只用when be about to do... when… 正要做...此时... When it comes to (doing)... , ... 当谈到… [随学随练] 补全句子 (1) 当他沿着街道走的时候，他遇见了一个老朋友。 When/While/As he was walking along the street , he came across an old friend. (2) 随着时间推移，天气越来越来越温暖了。 As the time goes by , it’s getting warmer and warmer. (3) 他正要放弃了,此时志愿者们来了。 He was about to give up when the volunteers arrived. (4) 当谈到烹饪，我妹妹比我厉害多了。 When it comes to cooking, my sister is much better than me. 3. that引导宾语从句 (教材原句)Two weeks before, her geography teacher had explained that earthquakes under the sea could create dangerous waves called tsunamis!两周前，她的地理老师曾解释过，海底地震可能引发危险的海浪，即海啸！ (教材原句)As a result, she said we weren’t having a test after all.因此，她说我们根本就没有考试。 前三句中that后的从句都是宾语从句。that引导宾语从句时，在从句中不充当成分，也没有意义，一般可以省略(如第四句)。 [随学随练] 单项填空 I know ________ I promised to take you to dinner, but I didn’t finish working until ten o’clock. A．that B．if C．what D．why 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我知道我承诺过带你去吃晚饭，但我直到十点才完成工作。 that引导宾语从句无实义；if是否；what什么；why为什么。从句“I promised to take you to dinner”结构完整，且表示确定的事实，应用that引导。 4. 疑问词引导宾语从句 (教材原句)I know what’s going to happen! 我知道会发生什么！ (教材原句)This true story shows how a single lesson could mean the difference between life and death. 这个真实的故事展示了仅仅一堂课就可能意味着生死之别。 上述两句中what’s going to happen和how a single ... and death都是疑问词引导的宾语从句。what，who等是疑问代词，引导宾语从句时，要在从句中充当主干成分(如第一句中what充当从句的主语)；how，when，where，why等是疑问副词，引导宾语从句时，在从句中不充当主干成分，一般充当状语成分。 I can’t understand what he said. 我不理解他说的话。 Do you know where Mr. Li lives now? 你知道李先生现在住在哪里吗？ [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) Could you tell me ________ you are going to talk about at the class meeting next Monday? A．what B．which C．whom D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你能告诉我下周一班会上你打算谈论什么吗？ what什么；which哪一个；whom谁；whose谁的。根据“talk about”可知从句缺少宾语，且指代谈论的内容或事情，应用what引导宾语从句。 (2) —I wonder ________ I can protect my eyes. Can you give me some advice? —First of all, you should avoid looking at the phone screen for a long time. A．why B．where C．when D．how 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我想知道如何保护我的眼睛。你能给我一些建议吗？——首先，你应该避免长时间看手机屏幕。 why为什么；where哪里；when什么时候；how如何、怎样。根据答语“you should avoid looking at the phone screen for a long time”可知，提问者想知道保护眼睛的方法，应用how。 5. 一般将来时句型 (教材原句)I know what’s going to happen!我知道会发生什么！ (教材原句)There’s going to be a big wave.将会有一股巨浪。 be going to 是一般将来时的结构之一。there be句型的一般将来时结构为“There is/are going to be”。 There are going to be two football matches this Sunday. 这周日有两场足球赛。 [随学随练] 单项填空 I am so excited because there ________ a school trip next month. A．is going to have B．is going to be C．are going to be D．are going to have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我很兴奋，因为下个月将有一次学校旅行。 is going to have语法错误； is going to be将有；are going to be：将有（主谓不一致）；are going to have语法错误。本题考查 there be 句型的将来时结构，正确形式为 there is/are going to be... 或 there will be...，根据句中“a school trip”是单数名词短语，be动词应使用单数形式is。 6. as soon as引导时间状语从句 (教材原句)Tilly’s father believed her as soon as she told the family about the strong waves.蒂莉一告诉家人巨浪的事，她的父亲就相信了她。 as soon as引导时间状语从句，表示“一...就...” I will call you as soon as I arrive at the station .我一到站就给你打电话。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —When will you tell your mom about your winter holiday plan? —I will tell her ________ they return from her work this evening. A．as far as B．as well as C．as soon as D．as long as 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你什么时候告诉你妈妈你的寒假计划？——今晚她一下班回来我就告诉她。 考查连词短语辨析。as far as就……而言；as well as和……一样好，也；as soon as一……就……；as long as只要。根据“When...”和“they return from their work this evening”可知，此处表示一个具体的时间点，应选用表示“一……就……”的连词短语，强调动作的紧接发生。故选C。 4、 其他知识解析 1. 复合不定代词用法 (教材原句)... , she noticed something strange. (教材原句)Just then, she remembered something important. (教材原句)Everyone was enjoying the beautiful weather that morning. 以上句中的something,everyone都是复合不定代词。修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在它们后面。当复合不定代词用作主语是，谓语动词要用单数形式。 We met someone interesting in the village. 我们在村里遇到了一位有趣的人。 Nothing is more important than health. 没有什么比健康更重要。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —Did you see ________ in the museum today? —Of course. I really liked some of the old things. A．special anything B．anything special C．something interesting D．interesting something 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你今天在博物馆看到什么特别的东西了吗？——当然。我真的很喜欢一些旧东西。 special anything，此选项错误；anything special任何特别的东西；something interesting一些有趣的东西；interesting something，此选项错误。something常用于肯定句，anything常用于疑问句或否定句；形容词修饰复合不定代词时需后置。本句是一般疑问句，故用anything；形容词special应放在anything之后。 (2) Listen, someone _________ the piano in the room. A．are playing B．playing C．is playing D．plays 【答案】C 【详解】句意：听，有人在房间里弹钢琴。 考查动词时态以及主谓一致。根据“Look”可知本句是现在进行时：be doing，主语是不定代词，be动词用is。故选C。 2. rest用法 (教材原句)the rest of her family 此处rest用作名词，表示“剩余的人或物”。此外rest作名词，还可以表示“休息”，如take a rest休息一会。rest也可以用作形容词，表示“剩余的，剩下的”，如the rest toys剩下的玩具。rest也可以用做动词，表示“休息；(被)支撑；(使)倚靠，托”，如rest under the tree在树下休息。 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中rest的中文意思。 (1) He rested his chin(下巴) in his hands. (v.) (被)支撑，(使)倚靠，托 (2) Try to get some rest ─you have a busy day tomorrow. (n.)休息(时间) (3) How would you like to spend the rest of the day? (n.) 剩余部分 (4) The doctor told me to rest. (v.)休息 3. get用法 (教材原句)... and rushed to get people off the beach. ... 冲到海滩让人们离开。 此句中get表示“使，让(某人或物做某事)；说服(某人做某事)”，其后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语。 I couldn't get the car to start this morning. 我今天早上没法让这汽车发动起来。 Don't get your dress dirty! 别把你的连衣裙弄脏了！ 4. by the end of 用法 (教材原句)By the end of August, they managed to put out all the fires. 到八月底，他们成功扑灭了所有火灾。 by the end of表示“到...末，到...结束时”，后接表示时间的名词，当时间名词是表示过去的时间时，句子常用过去完成时。 By the end of last term, we had learned 500 words.到上学期末，我们已经学了 500 个单词。 [随学随练] 单项填空 By the end of last Sunday, AI ______ all the tasks on time. A．finished B．has finished C．had finished D．finishes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到上星期日结束时，AI已经按时完成了所有任务。 考查动词时态。根据“By the end of last Sunday”可知，描述的是过去的一个过去，应用过去完成时，即had+动词过去分词。故选C。 5. by the time 用法 (教材原句)By the time the bus came, I was cold and wet. 到汽车来的时候，我又冷又湿。 by the time表示“到...时候”，用于引导时间状语从句。 By the time we got home, it was already dark. 等我们回到家时，天已经黑了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 By the time I ______ up this morning, my mother had already cooked breakfast. A．get B．got C．am getting D．had gotten 【答案】B 【详解】句意：今天早上我起床的时候，我妈妈已经做好了早餐。 根据“By the time I...up this morning, my mother had already cooked breakfast.”可知，主句使用了过去完成时（had cooked），表示“做饭”发生在“我起床”之前；“by the time”引导时间状语从句时，若主句为过去完成时，从句通常用一般过去时表示另一个过去的动作。因此从句应使用一般过去时got。 6. 过去完成时 (教材原句)Two weeks before, her geography teacher had explained that earthquakes under the sea could create dangerous waves called tsunamis!两周前，她的地理老师曾解释过，海底地震会引发被称为海啸的危险海浪！ 此句中had explained是“had+动词过去分词”构成的过去完成时结构，表示“在过去某个时间点前已经做完某个动作”，此句中explain的动作在two week before这个过去的时间点已经结束。 We had arrived at the station by 11 o’clock. 十一点前我们已经到达车站了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —How could you answer all the questions so quickly, Susan? —I________ all the key points before the exam started. A．review B．will review C．have reviewed D．had reviewed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——苏珊，你怎么能这么快回答所有问题？——考试开始前我已经复习了所有要点。 “before the exam started”是过去的时间点，“复习要点”发生在“考试开始”之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时“had+过去分词”结构，应填had reviewed。 7. 过去将来时 (教材原句)I was...when the bus driver said that we would be late.当公交车司机说我们会迟到的时候，我...。 此句中said后的that从句是宾语从句，主句的谓语动词said是过去时态，从句也要使用相应的过去的时态。从句的时态would be是“would+动词原形”构成的过去将来时，表示“从站在过去的某个时刻，谈论之后(将来)的事情”，said动作发生时，be late动作还没有发生，是said动作之后(将来)发生的。 She told me she would call me later.她告诉我她稍后会给我打电话。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Hey, Aunt Jenny! It’s you! I never thought you ________ over. What a nice surprise! A．will come B．would come C．have come D．had come 【答案】B 【详解】句意：嘿，珍妮阿姨！是你！我从没想过你会过来。真是个惊喜！ “I never thought”为过去时，其后宾语从句表示“过去未曾想到将来会发生的事”，应用过去将来时would come。 5、 知识过关练习 1. 词汇填空  根据据提示填写正确形式的单词或按照中文句子补全句子，每空一词。 (1) The boy ________ (拒绝) to lend his favourite comic book to anyone, as it was a gift from his late grandfather. 【答案】refused 【详解】句意：这个男孩拒绝把他最喜欢的漫画书借给任何人，因为那是他已故祖父的礼物。“拒绝”可译为refuse，动词。句子描述过去的事件，动词需用过去式，refuse的过去式为refused。 (2) Slow down your ________ (思考) and read the question again — you might find the answer. 【答案】thinking 【详解】句意：放慢你的思考速度，再读一遍问题——你可能会找到答案。“Slow down your …”表明此处用名词作宾语，thinking“思考”，不可数名词。 (3) As Francis Bacon once said, “________ (知识) itself is power,” which explains why reading is so important. 【答案】Knowledge 【详解】句意：正如弗朗西斯·培根曾经说过的：“知识本身就是力量”，这也解释了为什么阅读如此重要。knowledge表示“知识”，是不可数名词，故填Knowledge。 (4) You should take notes in class and ________ (复习) them after class. 【答案】review 【详解】句意：你应该在课堂上做笔记，并在课后复习它们。review“复习”，should是情态动词，后接动词原形。故填review。 (5) My grandmother went out for a walk as ________ (通常的). 【答案】usual 【详解】句意：我奶奶像往常一样出去散步。根据中文提示可知，as usual“像往常一样”，故填usual。 (6) Everyone has the responsibility to protect the __________ (安全) of our country and society. 【答案】security 【详解】句意：每个人都有责任保护我们国家和社会的安全。空处位于定冠词“the”之后，需使用名词；security“安全”，不可数名词。 (7) Li Lei wants to join the army and try his best to _______ (保卫) our motherland in the future. 【答案】guard 【详解】句意：李雷想参军，将来尽力保卫我们的祖国。保卫：guard，动词；try one’s best to do sth.意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”，与空前to构成不定式。故填(g)uard。 (8) I have to do some ________ (思考) before making a decision. 【答案】thinking 【详解】句意：在做决定之前，我必须进行一些思考。根据中文意思“思考”以及句子结构，可知需要填入一个名词，“思考”的名词形式是“thinking”。some可以修饰不可数名词和可数名词复数，thinking作为“思考”时为不可数名词，因此thinking符合语境。故填thinking。 (9) The two college students became ________ (英雄) for saving the child from water. 【答案】heroes 【详解】句意：这两名大学生因为从水中救出了孩子而成为了英雄。hero“英雄”，可数名词，由“The two college students”可知，此处用复数形式heroes。 (10) If you get lost in the forest, you should stay in one place and wait for ________ (救援). 【答案】rescue 【详解】句意：如果你在森林里迷路了，你应该待在一个地方等待救援。rescue“救援”，此处表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填rescue。 (11) The brave ________ (消防队员) worked all night to put out the wildfire. 【答案】firefighters 【详解】句意：勇敢的消防队员整晚都在工作以扑灭这场野火。“消防队员”对应的英文单词为“firefighter”。而“worked all night to put out the wildfire”这一集体行动更倾向于表示复数概念，因此通常使用复数形式“firefighters”，在句中作主语。故填firefighters。 (12) As a ________ (志愿者), he plans to clean up Siyang Taoyuan Road Bridge this weekend. 【答案】volunteer 【详解】句意：作为一名志愿者，他计划这个周末去清理泗阳桃源路桥。volunteer“志愿者”，为可数名词；a为不定冠词，后需跟单数名词。故填volunteer。 (13) As soon as the fire happened, he decided to sound the ________ (警报). 【答案】alarm 【详解】句意：火灾一发生，他就决定拉响警报。alarm“警报”，名词。故填alarm。 (14) There will be a storm with __________ (雷声) and lightning (闪电) according to the weather report. 【答案】thunder 【详解】句意：根据天气预报，将会有一场伴有雷声和闪电的暴风雨。根据汉语提示可知，“雷声”对应的英文单词是thunder，它是不可数名词。故填thunder。 (15) ________ ________ ________ ________ (突然), it began to rain very hard in the area. 【答案】All of a sudden 【详解】句意：突然，这个地区开始下大雨。“all of a sudden”是固定短语，意为“突然”，此处sudden为名词，意为“突然的事；突如其来的事”。故填sudden。 (16) Thanks to her quick thinking, everyone ________ ________ ________ ________ (到达安全地带) before the disaster happened. 【答案】 made it to safety 【详解】句意：多亏她思维敏捷，所有人都在灾难发生前到达了安全地带。“make it to safety” 意为 “成功抵达安全地带”；根据句中时间状语 “before the disaster happened” 可知句子时态为一般过去时，make 的过去式为 made。故填 made it to safety。 (17) “The early bird catches the worm.” ________ ________ ________, we should get up early. (因此) 【答案】 As a result 【详解】句意：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”因此，我们应该早起。根据汉语提示可知，表示“因此”的短语是as a result。 (18) I’ll go to visit Peking University ________ ________ ________ (一……就……) the summer holiday begins. 【答案】 as soon as 【详解】句意：暑假一开始，我就去参观北京大学。as soon as“一……就……”，从属连词。故填as；soon；as。 (19) Every morning, when the alarm clock ________ ________ (发出响声), I get up quickly and take a shower first. 【答案】goes off 【详解】句意：每天早上，当闹钟响起时，我会迅速起床，先去洗个澡。根据中文提示，“发出声响”的英文表达为go off，句子主语The alarm clock是第三人称单数，句子时态为一般现在时，所以动词要用第三人称单数形式goes，故填goes off。 (20) She arrived at the station ________ ________ ________ (上气不接下气) and just caught the train. 【答案】 out of breath 【详解】句意：她上气不接下气地到达车站，刚好赶上了火车。根据汉语提示“上气不接下气”可知，英文短语为out of breath，作状语修饰arrived，故填out；of；breath。 2. 单句语法填空 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) To be honest, it is one of the ________ (bad) films I’ve seen. 【答案】worst 【详解】句意：说实话，这是我看过的最糟糕的电影之一。根据提示可知，此处考查固定结构one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，表示“最…… 之一”；形容词bad的最高级形式是worst。故填worst。 (2) Jim refuses ________ (eat) fast food. He thinks it is bad for his health. 【答案】to eat 【详解】句意：吉姆拒绝吃快餐，他认为这对他的健康有害。“refuses”后接动词不定式作宾语，“eat”需转换为不定式to eat“吃”。 (3) ________ (thankful), the heavy rain stopped before the outdoor concert began. 【答案】Thankfully 【详解】句意：幸运的是，户外音乐会开始前大雨就停了。根据句子结构，这里需要一个副词来修饰整个句子，音乐会开始前雨就停了是很幸运的事情，thankful是形容词，其副词形式是thankfully“幸运地”。 (4) Quick ________ (think) saved her life during the tsunami. 【答案】thinking 【详解】句意：在海啸中，快速的思考救了她的命。think“思考”，形容词quick后需要接名词，think的名词形式是thinking。故填thinking。 (5) As soon as it stops raining, we ________ (go) out to play football. 【答案】will go 【详解】句意：雨一停，我们就出去踢球。go“去”，动词。本句由As soon as“一……就……”引导时间状语从句，从句“it stops raining”用一般现在时表示将来的动作，主句应使用将来时“will + 动词原形”。故填will go。 (6) During the epidemic, millions of people volunteer ________ (help) others, including my parents and me. 【答案】to help 【详解】句意：疫情期间，数以百万计的人自愿帮助他人，包括我的父母和我。help表示“帮助”，动词。固定搭配volunteer to do sth.表示“自愿做某事；主动做某事”。故填to help。 (7) The bad news made everyone in the room feel ________ (alarm). 【答案】alarmed 【详解】句意：这个坏消息使房间里的每个人都感到惊恐。alarm“使惊恐；使担心”，句中“feel”为系动词，后面需要用形容词作表语，alarm的形容词形式有alarming和alarmed，alarming意为“令人惊恐的；令人担忧的”，常用来修饰物；alarmed意为“惊恐的；担心的”，常用来修饰人，此处修饰“everyone”，应用alarmed。 (8) The car accident happened ________ (sudden) on the street. Luckily, no one was hurt. 【答案】suddenly 【详解】句意：这场车祸突然在街上发生了。幸运的是，没有人受伤。sudden“突然的” ，形容词；本句需要其副词suddenly来修饰实义动词happened，说明动作发生的方式。 (9) By the time she got to the bus stop, the bus ________ (leave) already. 【答案】had left 【详解】句意：当她到达公交车站时，公交车已经离开了。“by the time”意为“到……时候为止”，引导时间状语从句。当从句使用一般过去时（如本题中的“she got to the bus stop”），主句通常需要用过去完成时，表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作。过去完成时的结构是“had+过去分词”，“leave”的过去分词是“left”。故填had left。 (10) It’s ________ (thunder) outside. You’d better stay at home. 【答案】thundering 【详解】句意：外面雷声大作，你最好待在家里。thunder“打雷”，为动词，根据提示可知，此句时态为现在进行时，此处放于is之后要用动词-ing形式thundering。故填thundering。 (11) It’s ________ (usual) for him to be late because he is always on time. 【答案】unusual 【详解】句意：他迟到是很反常的，因为他总是准时。分析句子结构，空格处在系动词is之后作表语。根据后半句原因状语从句“because he is always on time”提示的逻辑关系可知，迟到对于他来说应该是不寻常的，需使用形容词usual“通常的”的前缀派生词形式unusual。 (12) He was ________ (lucky) not to win, so he felt a bit down. 【答案】unlucky 【详解】句意：他运气不好，没赢，所以有点沮丧。lucky幸运的，形容词，结合“not to win (没有赢)”可知此处应填入“lucky”的反义词，即“unlucky不幸的”。 (13) Ann and her brother James ________ (walk) to an early basketball practice when the accident ________ (happen). 【答案】 were walking happened 【详解】句意：安和她哥哥詹姆斯正走去参加早间篮球训练，这时事故发生了。本句为when引导的过去进行时 + 一般过去时的经典句型（was/were doing sth. when sth. happened），表示“正在做某事，这时突然发生了另一件事”。①处主语是Ann and her brother James（复数），过去进行时结构为were + 现在分词，walk的现在分词是walking，故填were walking。②处when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，happen的过去式是happened，故填happened。 (14) The noise was ________ (terrible) loud. I couldn’t sleep at all. 【答案】terribly 【详解】句意：噪音非常大，我根本睡不着。句中空后“loud”是形容词，意为“大声的”，需要用副词来修饰，terrible是形容词，副词为terribly。 (15) Miss Smith was about to finish her science fiction novel ________ the reporter arrived. 【答案】when 【详解】句意：史密斯小姐正要写完她的科幻小说，就在这时记者到了。be about to do...when...是固定句型，意为“正要做某事，就在这时……”。 (16) There ________ (be) little rain in Changzhou in three days, is there? 【答案】is going to be 【详解】句意：三天后常州几乎不会有雨了，是吗？根据“in three days”可判断应使用一般将来时；there be句型的一般将来时有there is going to be和there will be两种形式。又根据“is there?”可知是is going to be。故填is going to be。 3. 单项填空 (1) Many animals work hard to ________ the peace of Zootopia 2, making the city a safer place for every citizen. A．refuse B．guard C．break D．spread 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多动物努力工作来守护《疯狂动物城2》的和平，使这座城市对每个公民来说都更安全。 考查动词辨析。refuse拒绝；guard守卫，保护；break打破；spread传播。根据“making the city a safer place”可知，这里表示许多动物努力工作来守护和平。故选B。 (2) The security guard tried his best to ________ the people in the building when the fire broke out. A．rescue B．beat C．refuse D．review 【答案】A 【详解】句意：火灾发生时，保安尽力去营救楼里的人们。 考查动词辨析。rescue营救；beat击打；refuse拒绝；review复习。根据“when the fire broke out”可知，火灾发生时应尽力救人。故选A。 (3) Though Emily prepared ________ for the speech, she felt ________ nervous. A．careful; terrible B．carefully; terribly C．carefully; terrible 【答案】B 【详解】句意：虽然艾米丽认真准备了演讲，但她还是感到非常紧张。 考查副词用法。careful仔细的，形容词；terrible糟糕的，形容词；carefully认真地，仔细地，副词；terribly很，非常，副词。根据“prepared”可知，第一空使用副词修饰动词；根据“nervous”可知，第二空使用副词修饰形容词。故选B。 (4) —Anything new in the newspaper? —______ hit a building and caused a big fire in a town. A．Lightning B．Thunder C．Storm D．Fog 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——报纸里有新东西吗？——闪电击中了一座建筑物，并在一个城镇引发了大火。 考查名词辨析。Lightning闪电；Thunder雷；Storm暴风；Fog雾。由“caused a big fire in a town”可知，应该指闪电。故选A。 (5) —Why do our teachers often say learning without thinking is useless? —I think it tells us ________ we should do while studying. A．that B．how C．whether D．what 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——为什么我们的老师常说“学而不思则罔”？——我认为这告诉我们在学习时应该做什么。 考查宾语从句引导词辨析。that无实义，仅引导从句；how如何，表方式；whether是否，表选择；what什么，表内容，在从句中作宾语。根据句意，从句中“we should do”缺少宾语，表示“应该做的事情”，需用what引导宾语从句并在从句中充当do的宾语。故选D。 (6) —Tony, there ________ an important meeting next Monday. —OK. I’ll be here on time. And we usually ________ meetings on Monday. A．is going to have; have B．will have; will be C．is going to be; have D．will be; will have 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——托尼，下周一将有一个重要会议。——好的，我会准时到达。我们通常在周一开会。 考查there be句型的一般将来时和一般现在时。根据“there...an important meeting next Monday”可知，此处表示“下周一将有一个会议”，应用there be句型的一般将来时，即there is going to be或there will be，其中be不能用have替换；根据“usually”可知，此句的时态是一般现在时，主语we后接动词原形have。选项C符合两处语法要求。故选C。 (7) —The story of Huang Xuhua, father of China’s nuclear submarines (核潜艇), moved us a lot. —Yes. ________ he loved our country so much, he worked secretly on nuclear submarines for years. A．Since B．As soon as C．Unless D．When 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——中国核潜艇之父黄旭华的故事深深打动了我们。——是的，因为他如此热爱我们的国家，所以他秘密从事核潜艇研究工作多年。 Since因为/自从；As soon as一……就……；Unless除非；when当……时候。根据上下文逻辑，“他热爱国家”是“他秘密从事核潜艇研究多年”的原因，应填Since。 (8) — When the teacher asked who broke the window, the whole class had no answer.                 — Yeah. They all __________ at once. A．got into trouble B．fell into silence C．stepped into role D．jumped into action 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——当老师问谁打破了窗户时，全班都没有回答。——是的。他们立刻都陷入了沉默。 got into trouble陷入麻烦，fell into silence陷入沉默，stepped into role进入角色，jumped into action立即行动。全班无人回答，说明当时大家都沉默了，应填fell into silence。 (9) While my father ________ the emergency bag, my mother ________ the children to the safe room. A．prepared; led B．was preparing; was leading C．prepared; was leading D．was preparing; lead 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我爸爸正在准备应急包时，我妈妈正带领孩子们去安全室。 while引导的时间状语从句强调动作正在进行，当表示过去两个动作同时进行时，主句和从句通常都使用过去进行时。根据语境，准备应急包和带领孩子们去安全室是过去同时进行的两个持续动作，故两空都用过去进行时。 (10) The rescue workers need more ________ to clear the streets after a disaster. A．manpower B．heartbeat C．landslide D．wildfire 【答案】A 【详解】句意：灾难过后，救援人员需要更多人力来清理街道。 manpower人力；heartbeat心跳；landslide山体滑坡；wildfire野火。根据“clear the streets”可知，清理街道需要人力支持。应填manpower。 (11) Luckily, it turns out to be easier than I thought. ________, she failed the exam. A．Thankfully B．Luckily C．Unfortunate D．Unfortunately 【答案】D 【详解】句意：幸运的是，结果比我想象的要容易。不幸的是，她考试不及格。 考查副词词义辨析。Thankfully幸亏；Luckily幸运地；Suddenly突然地；Unfortunately不幸地。分析句子结构，空白处需要一个副词作状语，修饰整个句子，又根据“she failed the exam”可知，这里表达的是不好的情况。故选D。 (12) The professor seems to know everything about the ecosystem. We respect him for his ________. A．rainstorm B．knowledge C．guard D．rescue 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位教授似乎对生态系统无所不知。我们因他的学识而尊敬他。 rainstorm暴风雨；knowledge知识；guard保卫；rescue营救。根据“The professor seems to know everything about the ecosystem.”可知教授知道很多，推测出我们尊敬他是因为他的“知识”，应填knowledge。 4. 选择填空 A 根据句意用方框中的单词填空，每个单词限用一次。 heartbeat; review; thunder; lucky; sweep; southwest; warn; hit; refuse; firefighter 1．Let’s the grammar rules together before the English lesson. 2．After running 1,000 metres, his was so strong that he could hear it. 3．We were to pick the worst seats in the movie theatre. 4．My dog hides under the bed when there’s and lightning. 5．There are many beautiful natural views and unique cultures in the part of our country. 6．The brave rushed into the burning house to save the little girl. 7．My mother always me not to play on the road because it’s very dangerous. 8．A car a big tree on the way to the mountain village last night. 9．He to accept the gift because he thought it was too expensive. 10．A big storm through the coastal city last week，causing a lot of damage. 【答案】 1．review 2．heartbeat 3．unlucky 4．thunder 5．southwestern 6．firefighter/firefighters 7．warns 8．hit 9．refused 10．swept 【解析】 1．句意：英语课开始前，我们一起复习一下语法规则吧。根据“the grammar rules together before the English lesson”可知，在英语课之前通常是复习语法规则。review意为“复习；回顾”，符合语境；Let’s后接动词原形。故填review。 2．句意：跑完1000米后，他的心跳得很厉害，连自己都能听到。根据“After running 1,000 metres”以及“he could hear it”可知，剧烈长跑后身体产生的强烈且能被听到的通常是心跳声。heartbeat意为“心跳”，符合语境。故填heartbeat。 3．句意：我们很倒霉，选到了电影院里最差的座位。根据“pick the worst seats”可知，选到最差的座位显然是一件不幸的事情。lucky意为“幸运的”，此处需要根据语境填入其反义形容词unlucky，意为“倒霉的；不幸的”，作表语。故填unlucky。 4．句意：打雷闪电的时候，我的狗会躲到床底下。根据“and lightning”可知，此处描述的是雷雨天气，thunder and lightning是固定搭配，意为“雷电”。thunder意为“雷；雷声”，符合语境。故填thunder。 5．句意：在我国的西南部地区有许多美丽的自然风光和独特的文化。根据 “part of our country” 及备选词汇可知，此处需要形容词修饰名词 “part”，“southwest” 的形容词形式是 “southwestern”，意为 “西南部的”。故填southwestern。 6．句意：勇敢的消防员冲进着火的房子去救那个小女孩。根据 “rushed into the burning house” 及备选词汇可知，此处指 “消防员”，“firefighter” 符合语境，单复数形式均可。故填firefighter/firefighters。 7．句意：我妈妈总是警告我不要在马路上玩耍，因为这很危险。根据 “not to play on the road” 及备选词汇可知，此处用 “warn sb. not to do sth.” 短语，意为 “警告某人不要做某事”；由 “always” 可知时态为一般现在时，主语 “My mother” 是第三人称单数，动词用第三人称单数形式 “warns”。故填warns。 8．句意：昨晚在去山村的路上，一辆车撞到了一棵大树。根据 “a big tree” 及备选词汇可知，此处指 “撞到”，“hit” 符合语境；由 “last night” 可知时态为一般过去时，“hit” 的过去式为 “hit”。故填hit。 9．句意：他拒绝接受这份礼物，因为他觉得太贵了。根据 “because he thought it was too expensive” 及备选词汇可知，此处指 “拒绝”，“refuse” 符合语境；由 “thought” 可知时态为一般过去时，“refuse” 的过去式为 “refused”。故填refused。 10．句意：上周一场大风暴席卷了这座沿海城市，造成了大量损失。根据 “A big storm” 及备选词汇可知，此处用 “sweep through” 短语，意为 “席卷”；由 “last week” 可知时态为一般过去时，“sweep” 的过去式为 “swept”。故填swept。 B 用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。 by the time, all of a sudden, as a result, go off jump into action, as soon as, security guard, thanks to 1．The fire alarm in the middle of the night,and everyone rushed out of the building. 2． ,it started to rain heavily while we were having a picnic in the park. 3． I arrived at the cinema,the movie had already started. 4．Fu Xing didn’t study hard for the exam. ,he failed it. 5． your help, I finished my English homework on time. 6．I will call you I arrive at the airport. 7．I showed my pass to the and he waved me through. 8．When the fire alarm rang, the team to evacuate (疏散) the people in the building. 【答案】1．went off 2．All of a sudden 3．By the time 4．As a result 5．Thanks to 6．as soon as 7．security guard 8．jumped into action 【解析】 1．句意：火警警报器在半夜响起，所有人都冲出了大楼。 根据“fire alarm”和“everyone rushed out”的语境，短语“go off”有“（警报器等）突然响起”的含义。句子时态为一般过去时，go的过去式是went。故填went off。 2．句意：我们正在公园野餐时，突然下起了大雨。根据“it started to rain heavily”的语境，短语“all of a sudden”表示“突然”，用来描述动作发生的突发性。 句首单词首字母需大写。故填All of a sudden。 3．句意：当我到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。根据“I arrived at the cinema”和“the movie had already started”的语境，短语“by the time”表示“到……时候为止”，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。 句首单词首字母需大写。故填By the time。 4．句意：傅星没有为考试努力学习。结果，他考试不及格。根据“didn’t study hard”和“failed it”的逻辑关系，短语“as a result”表示“结果”，用来引出前文动作导致的后果。句首单词首字母需大写。故填As a result。 5．句意：多亏了你的帮助，我按时完成了英语作业。根据“ ... your help,I finished my English homework on time.”及备选词汇可知，表示“多亏了”；thanks to表示“多亏、由于”，句首首字母大写。故填Thanks to。 6．句意：我一到机场就给你打电话。根据“I will call you ... I arrive at the airport.”及备选词汇可知，表示“一……就”；as soon as引导时间状语从句，符合“主将从现”结构。故填as soon as。 7．句意：我向保安出示了通行证，他挥手让我通过。 根据“I showed my pass to the ... and he waved me through.”及备选词汇可知，表示“保安”；security guard表示“保安”，根据语境可知是一个保安，用单数形式。故填security guard。 8．句意：当火警响起时，团队立刻行动起来疏散大楼里的人。根据“When the fire alarm rang,the team ... to evacuate the people in the building.”及备选词汇可知，表示“立刻行动”；jump into action表示“立刻行动起来”，结合“rang”（过去时态），要将jump变形为过去式jumped。故填jumped into action。 C 从方框中选择正确选项，完成短文，其中有两个选项是多余的。 A．because    B．dangerous    C． suddenly    D．swept E. out     F. but     G. worst     H. volunteers I. when     J. refused     K. hit     L. safe In August 2022, China experienced a great heatwave, the 1 since 1961. It caused drought in different parts of the country. The heatwave 2 the southwestern city of Chongqing very hard. Large wildfires 3 through the forests and mountains there. Over 5,000 firefighters, police, and 4 all worked together to keep the people and their homes 5 . They put out the fires, brought more than 1,500 people to safety and warned others to stay away from 6 areas. It was very hard to fight the fires 7 of the high temperatures and changeable winds, 8 the rescue workers 9 to give up. By the end of August, they managed to put 10 all the fires. 【答案】 1．G 2．K 3．D 4．H 5．L 6．B 7．A 8．F 9．J 10．E 【导语】本文主要介绍了2022年8月中国经历的一场热浪袭击，引起干旱。 1．句意：2022 年 8 月，中国遭遇了自 1961 年以来最严重的极端高温热浪事件。根据 “In August 2022, China experienced a great heatwave, the ... since 1961.” 以及备选词可知，此处表达本次热浪是自 1961 以来，最严重的一次，worst “最严重的”，符合题意。故填 G。 2．句意：热浪袭击了位于中国西南部的重庆市。根据 “The heatwave ... the southwestern city of Chongqing very hard.” 以及备选词可知，热浪袭击了中国西南部的重庆市，hit “冲击”，符合题意。故填 K。 3．句意：熊熊野火席卷了当地的森林和山脉。根据 “Large wildfires ... through the forests and mountains there.” 以及备选词可知，巨大的野火席卷了森林和大山，swept“席卷，扫过”，符合题意。故填 D。 4．句意：超过 5000 名消防员、警察和志愿者通力合作，守护了民众及其家园的安全。根据 “Over 5,000 firefighters, police, and ... all worked together to ...” 以及备选词可知，面对该灾难，不少消防员、警察和志愿者参与拯救工作，volunteers “志愿者”，符合题意。故填 H。 5．句意：超过 5000 名消防员、警察和志愿者通力合作，守护了民众及其家园的安全。根据 “... all worked together to keep the people and their homes ...” 以及备选词可知，大家齐心协力来保护家园的安全，safe “安全的”，符合题意。故填 L。 6．句意：救援人员合力扑灭大火，将 1500 多人转移至安全地带，并警示他人远离危险区域。根据 “They put out the fires, brought more than 1,500 people to safety and warned others to stay away from ... areas.” 以及备选词可知，此处表达 “远离危险的地方”，dangerous “危险的”，符合题意。故填 B。 7．句意：面对极端高温和复杂风向带来的巨大挑战，救援人员确实展现出了绝不放弃的顽强意志，最终创造了灭火奇迹。根据 “It was very hard to fight the fires ... of the high temperatures and changeable winds ...” 以及备选词可知，因为高温和多变的大风，灭火工作加大了难度，because “因为”，符合题意。故填 A。 8．句意：面对极端高温和复杂风向带来的巨大挑战，救援人员确实展现出了绝不放弃的顽强意志，最终创造了灭火奇迹。根据 “..., ... the rescue workers ... to give up.” 以及备选词可知，此处表达 “但是”，前后表转折，but “但是”，符合题意。故填 F。 9．句意：面对极端高温和复杂风向带来的巨大挑战，救援人员确实展现出了绝不放弃的顽强意志，最终创造了灭火奇迹。根据 “..., ... the rescue workers ... to give up.” 以及备选词可知，此处表达 “拒绝”，refused “拒绝”，符合题意。故填 J。 10．句意：到 2022 年 8 月底，重庆山火确实已被成功扑灭。根据 “By the end of August, they managed to put ... all the fires.” 以及备选词可知，大家成功在八月底扑灭了所有的火，固定搭配：put out “扑灭”，out 符合题意。故填 E。 5. 翻译句子 (1) 我们在打乒乓球的时候，他们到了。 【答案】While/When we were playing table tennis, they arrived. (2) 到我完成作业时，爸爸已经酣睡了。 【答案】By the time I finished my homework, my father had slept soundly. (3) 他立即行动起来，赶紧去催促人们离开海滩。 【答案】He jumped into action right away and rushed to get people off the beach. (4) 他吃得太多了。因此，他胃疼了。 【答案】He ate too much. As a result, he had a stomachache. (5) 当暴风雨来的时候我正走回家。 【答案】I was walking home when the rainstorm came. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Nature's Temper 核心知识点精讲 3 (Section B) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section B部分包括本部分重点短语集锦、重点词汇解析、重难句型解析、其他知识解析等板块，核心知识点讲解中包含适当数量，多种类型的随学随练。配有“知识过关练习”，包含词汇填空、单句语法填空、单项填空、选词填空、翻译句子等题型。 · Section B部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语，斜体为听力文本中短语) 1. prepare for 为…… 做准备 2. save many lives 挽救许多生命 3. a 10-year-old English schoolgirl 一名 10 岁的英国女学生 4. on holiday 在度假 5. walk along the beach 沿着海滩散步 6. notice something strange 注意到奇怪的事情 7. thick white forth 厚厚的白色泡沫 8. instead of 代替；而不是 9. two weeks before 两周前 10. be going to do... 打算 / 将要做…… 11. refuse to do 拒绝做 12. take a single step further 再往前走一步 13. decide (not) to do 决定（不）做 14. the rest of ... 剩下的……；其余的…… 15. return to... 返回…… 16. *security guard 保安人员 17. jump into action 立即行动；马上采取行动 18. right away 立刻；马上 19. rush to do 赶紧做；匆忙做 20. get people off the beach 让人们离开海滩 21. began to do 开始做 22. as fast as they could 尽可能快地 23. make it to safety 到达安全地带 24. on one 没有人 25. a single person 一个人 26. between life and death 在生死之间 27. thanks to 多亏；归功于 28. quick thinking 敏捷的思维 29. *as soon as 一…… 就…… 30. survive a natural disaster 在自然灾害中幸存 31. blow across 吹过；掠过 32. sweep through 席卷；横扫 33. rescue workers 救援人员 34. avoid doing 避免做 35. experience a great heatwave 经历严重的热浪 36. put out 扑灭；熄灭 37. stay away from 远离 38. high temperatures 高温 39. changeable winds 多变的风 40. give up 放弃 41. by the end of... 在…… 结束之前；到…… 末 42. manage to do 设法做成；努力完成 43. *alarm clock 闹钟 44. *go off (警报器等)发出响声 45. wake up 醒来 46. rush to the bus stop 冲向公交站 47. review my notes 复习我的笔记 48. *all of a sudden 突然；猛地 49. roll across 滚过；席卷而过 50. *by the time 到……的时候 51. *out of breath 上气不接下气 52. *as a result 因此 53. after all 毕竟；终究 54. go wrong 出故障；出错 55. grow darker and darker 变得越来越暗 2、 重点词汇解析 1. worst /wɜːst/ adj. & adv. (bad 和 badly 的最高级)最坏的(的)；最糟(的) [词汇拓展] bad(adj.)坏的，糟糕的；badly(adv.)坏地，糟糕地； worse(bad 和 badly 的比较级)(adj./adv.)更坏的(的)；更糟(的) [词汇搭配] the worst 最糟糕的情况，最糟糕的结果(“the+形容词”表示一类事物) worst of all最糟糕的是；at (the) worst（指可能出现的最坏情况）往最坏处说，最坏的情况是 bring out the worst in sb 使原形毕露；使表现出最坏的品质 do one’s worst 不择手段；使尽最坏的招数 if the worst comes to the worst如果发生最坏的情况 [随学随练] 用worst相关表达补全句子 (1) 我们打包了一些物资，为最坏的情况做准备。 We packed some supplies to . (2) 如果最坏的事发生，我们就只好把房子卖掉。 , we'll just have to sell the house. (3) 压力可以使人现出原形。 Pressure can in people. (4) 最坏的情况是，他得交罚款。 , he'll have to pay a fine. (5) 最糟糕的是，他们似乎对与他人交流失去了兴趣。 , they seem to be losing interest in communicating with others. 2. refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/ v. 拒绝；推却 [词汇拓展] refusal(n.)拒绝；turn down 调低；拒绝 [词汇搭配] refuse to do 拒绝做某事；refuse his invitation 拒绝他的邀请 [词汇例句] She refused to accept that there was a problem. 她拒不承认有问题存在。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) David ________ his friend’s invitation to the picnic in order to stay at home and have a good rest. A．sent B．expected C．refused D．covered (2) After the big argument, the twin sisters refused _________ with each other. A．to talk B．talking C．talk D．talked 3. security /səˈkjʊərəti/ n. 安全；保安；保障 [词汇拓展] secure(adj.)安全的；(v.)保卫，保护；safety(n.)安全 [词汇搭配] national security 国家安全；airport security机场的安全措施 [词汇例句] They carried out security checks at the airport. 他们在机场实行了安全检查。 [随学随练] 单项填空 We should use strong passwords to ensure the ________ of our personal information. A．advantage B．security C．perfection D．loss 4. guard /ɡɑːd/ n. 卫兵；保卫v. 保卫 [词汇拓展] safeguard /ˈseɪfɡɑːd/ v. 保护；捍卫；lifeguard(n.)救生员；bodyguard(n.)保镖；警卫（队） [词汇搭配] security guard 保安人员；do guard duty 担任警戒任务 lower/drop one’s guard 放松警惕，不提防；guard against 提防，防范 [词汇例句] We’d better learn some first-aid skills to guard against any possible danger around us.我们最好学 习一些急救技能，以防范我们周围可能出现的任何危险。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The police are responsible for ________ people’s lives, so we should respect them. A．burning B．leading C．guarding D．enjoying 5. thankfully /ˈθæŋkfəli/ adv. 幸亏；感激地 [词汇拓展] thank(v./n.)感谢；thankful(adj.)感激的，欣慰的 [词汇例句] I accepted the invitation thankfully. 我很感激地接受了邀请。 [随学随练] 用thank的适当形式填空 (1) I must write and Mary for the present. (2) There was a fire in the building, but no one was hurt. (3) for giving me some useful advice. (4) I was to see they'd all arrived safely. 6. knowledge /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/ n. 知识；学问 [词汇拓展] knowledgeable(adj.)有见识的；知识渊博的 [词汇搭配] scientific knowledge科学知识；have a good/wide knowledge of... 有...方面好的/广博的知识 be common/public knowledge常识；众所周知；to one’s knowledge据某人所知 [词汇例句] 用knowledge相关表达补全句子 (1) 他在绘画和音乐方面知识渊博 He has . (2) 吸烟会严重影响你的健康，这是常识。 It’s   that smoking seriously influences your health. (3) Alice总有很多点子，但据我所知没一个有用。 Alice is always full of ideas, but none is useful  . 7. thinking /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/ n. 思考；想法 [词汇拓展] think(v.)思考；thought(n.)想法，看法 [词汇搭配] quick thinking 快速的思考；to my way of thinking我认为；依我看；依我之见 [词汇例句] I had to do some quick thinking.我得迅速思考一番。 8. hero /ˈhɪərəʊ/ n. 英雄；男主角；偶像 [词汇拓展] (pl.) heroes；heroine(n.)女英雄；女主角；heroic (adj.)英勇的；英雄的 [词汇搭配] a war hero战斗英雄；one of the country's national heroes 这个国家的一位民族英雄 my childhood hero我孩提时的偶像 [词汇例句] The hero of the novel is a ten-year old boy. 这部小说的主人公是个十岁的男孩。 9. rescue /ˈreskjuː/ n. & v. 救援；营救 [词汇拓展] rescuer(n.)救援者 [词汇搭配] rescue workers救援人员；rescue sb./sth. from...从…中救出某人/某物 a mountain rescue team高山救援队；come/go to one’s rescue前去救援 [词汇例句] You rescued me from an embarrassing situation. 我正感到尴尬，你为我解了围。 [随学随练] 单项填空 You’d better stay where you are and wait for the ________ when you get lost in the forest. A．rescue B．change C．speed D．view 10. firefighter /ˈfaɪəfaɪtə(r)/ n. 消防队员 [词汇拓展] fire(n.)火；fighter(n.)战士；战斗者；fireman(n.)消防队员；fire engine消防车 [词汇搭配] over 500 firefighters超过200名消防队员 [词汇例句] Though the night was dark, the firefighters managed to save the little girl.尽管夜色昏暗，消防员们 还是设法救出了小女孩。 11. volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ n. 志愿者；自告奋勇者 v. 自愿做；义务做 [词汇拓展] voluntary(adj.)志愿的，义务的 [词汇搭配] volunteer helpers无偿援助者；volunteer to do 自愿做某事，义务做某事 [词汇例句] Schools need volunteers to help children to read. 学校需要义务工作者帮助儿童阅读。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) In the coming summer vacation, I want to teach in a small village school as a ________. A．passenger B．tourist C．nurse D．volunteer (2) —As a book lover, you could volunteer ________ kids learn to read. —Sounds great. A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 12. terribly /ˈterəbli/ adv. 非常糟地；非常 [词汇拓展] terrible(adj.)糟糕的；badly(adv.)糟糕地 [词汇搭配] terribly sorry 非常抱歉 [词汇例句] I was terribly scared when I heard the strange noise last night.昨晚听到那奇怪的声音时，我害怕 极了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The exam was ________ difficult, so most students failed. A．hardly B．nearly C．luckily D．terribly 13. alarm /əˈlɑːm/ n. 警报(器)；惊恐；v. 使惊恐；使害怕 [词汇拓展] alarming(adj.)使人惊恐的；令人忧虑的；alarmed(adj.)担心的，害怕的 [词汇搭配] alarm clock 闹钟；fire alarm 火警报警器 [词汇例句] ‘What have you done?’ Ellie cried in alarm . “你都干了些什么？”埃利惊恐地喊道。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —I’m sorry I’m late, Mr White. There’s something wrong with my ________. —That’s all right. Don’t be late again tomorrow. A．machine B．alarm C．flashlight D．strange 14. review /rɪˈvjuː/ v. 复习；回顾；复查；写评论； n. 回顾；审查；评论 [词汇拓展] view(n.)观点；(v.)看；观看 [词汇搭配] review my notes复习我的笔记；review my failures回顾我的失败；a book review 书评 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中review的中文含义 (1) The government will review the situation later in the year. (2) You need to review your success and failure. (3) Students are reviewing for the exam. (4) I think it’s difficult to write the film review in such a short time.  15. sudden /ˈsʌdn/ adj. 突然的；骤然的 [词汇拓展] suddenly (adv.)突然地 [词汇搭配] all of a sudden 突然；猛地；a sudden change 骤变 [词汇例句] Don't make any sudden movements. 不要突然地做任何动作。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —I hope the ________ change of the meeting place doesn’t cause much trouble to you. —Not at all. I know both of them well. A．slow B．polite C．sudden D．correct 16. thunder /ˈθʌndə(r)/ n. 雷；雷声 v. 打雷；发出雷鸣般响声 [词汇拓展] thunderous(adj.)雷鸣般的 [词汇搭配] a roll of thunder 雷声隆隆；thundering traffic轰隆隆的来往车辆 sb's face is like thunder / sb has a face like thunder某人怒气冲冲；某人满面怒容 [词汇例句] A voice thundered in my ear.我耳边响起了雷鸣般的说话声。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —I heard a loud noise. Was that ________? —Yes, it was. I saw the lightning first. A．flood B．thunder C．disaster D．insect 17. usual /ˈjuːʒuəl/ adj. 通常的；寻常的 [词汇拓展] unusual(adj.)不寻常的，特别的；usually(adv.)通常 [词汇搭配] as usual 像平常一样；照例 [词汇例句] Several more people than usual came to the meeting. 到会的人比平时多了几个。 [随学随练] 单项填空 My ________ way to relax is to read a book, but tonight I prefer to stay with my family after the storm. A．usual B．strange C．terrible D．weak 18. unlucky /ʌnˈlʌki/ adj. 不幸的；不顺利的；不吉利的 [词汇拓展] luck(n.)运气；lucky(adj.)幸运的；unluckily(adv.)不幸地 fortunate(adj.)幸运的；unfortunately /ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli/ adv. 不幸地；可惜地 [词汇搭配] unlucky day不幸的一天 [随学随练] 用luck的适当形式填空 用luck的正确形式填空。 (1) I lost a useful book yesterday. It was an  day for me. (2) That’s right. You’re   to have such a good mother. (3)   , my friend Tom hurt himself in an accident. (4) In Chinese culture, red a color of happiness and good   . (5)   , the villagers’ dream to have a bridge has come true. 3、 重难句型解析 1. 过去进行时句型 (教材原句)Everyone was enjoying the beautiful weather that morning. (教材原句)Some people were swimming in the sea, and some were relaxing on the beach. 上述两句中的was enjoying和were relaxing都是过去进行时。过去进行时的结构为：was/were+doing。 What were they doing at that time? 那个时候他们在做什么？ [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) At four the day before yesterday, I ________ lunch in a restaurant. A．had B．will have C．was having D．am having (2) When the rainstorm started, we ________ TV in the living room. A．watch B．watched C．were watching D．have watched 2. while/when/as引导时间状语从句 (教材原句)But while Tilly was walking along the beach with her family, she noticed something strange. 但是，当蒂莉和家人一起在海滩上散步时，她注意到了一些奇怪的事情。 (教材原句)People were screaming and running as fast as they could when they saw a huge wall of water coming from the sea.当人们看到海面涌来一堵巨大的水墙时，他们尖叫着，以最快的速度奔跑。 (教材原句)... but thankfully, her family made it to safety just as the water hit the hotel.…但幸亏，她的家人在洪水涌入酒店时及时逃到了安全地带。 when/while/as都可以引导时间状语从句，其三者区别主要如下表： 引导词 从句动词性质 主从句动作发生的顺序 when 延续性或终止性 主从句动作同时或先后发生 while 延续性或表状态 主句动作在从句动作 进展过程中发生 as 延续性或终止性 主从句动作(几乎)同时发生 · 当主句表示短暂性动作，从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内进行的动作，三者可互换。 表示“随着...”，只用as。 · 以下句型，只用when be about to do... when… 正要做...此时... When it comes to (doing)... , ... 当谈到… [随学随练] 补全句子 (1) 当他沿着街道走的时候，他遇见了一个老朋友。 , he came across an old friend. (2) 随着时间推移，天气越来越来越温暖了。 , it’s getting warmer and warmer. (3) 他正要放弃了,此时志愿者们来了。 He when the volunteers arrived. (4) 当谈到烹饪，我妹妹比我厉害多了。 , my sister is much better than me. 3. that引导宾语从句 (教材原句)Two weeks before, her geography teacher had explained that earthquakes under the sea could create dangerous waves called tsunamis!两周前，她的地理老师曾解释过，海底地震可能引发危险的海浪，即海啸！ (教材原句)As a result, she said we weren’t having a test after all.因此，她说我们根本就没有考试。 前三句中that后的从句都是宾语从句。that引导宾语从句时，在从句中不充当成分，也没有意义，一般可以省略(如第四句)。 [随学随练] 单项填空 I know ________ I promised to take you to dinner, but I didn’t finish working until ten o’clock. A．that B．if C．what D．why 4. 疑问词引导宾语从句 (教材原句)I know what’s going to happen! 我知道会发生什么！ (教材原句)This true story shows how a single lesson could mean the difference between life and death. 这个真实的故事展示了仅仅一堂课就可能意味着生死之别。 上述两句中what’s going to happen和how a single ... and death都是疑问词引导的宾语从句。what，who等是疑问代词，引导宾语从句时，要在从句中充当主干成分(如第一句中what充当从句的主语)；how，when，where，why等是疑问副词，引导宾语从句时，在从句中不充当主干成分，一般充当状语成分。 I can’t understand what he said. 我不理解他说的话。 Do you know where Mr. Li lives now? 你知道李先生现在住在哪里吗？ [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) Could you tell me ________ you are going to talk about at the class meeting next Monday? A．what B．which C．whom D．whose (2) —I wonder ________ I can protect my eyes. Can you give me some advice? —First of all, you should avoid looking at the phone screen for a long time. A．why B．where C．when D．how 5. 一般将来时句型 (教材原句)I know what’s going to happen!我知道会发生什么！ (教材原句)There’s going to be a big wave.将会有一股巨浪。 be going to 是一般将来时的结构之一。there be句型的一般将来时结构为“There is/are going to be”。 There are going to be two football matches this Sunday. 这周日有两场足球赛。 [随学随练] 单项填空 I am so excited because there ________ a school trip next month. A．is going to have B．is going to be C．are going to be D．are going to have 6. as soon as引导时间状语从句 (教材原句)Tilly’s father believed her as soon as she told the family about the strong waves.蒂莉一告诉家人巨浪的事，她的父亲就相信了她。 as soon as引导时间状语从句，表示“一...就...” I will call you as soon as I arrive at the station .我一到站就给你打电话。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —When will you tell your mom about your winter holiday plan? —I will tell her ________ they return from her work this evening. A．as far as B．as well as C．as soon as D．as long as 4、 其他知识解析 1. 复合不定代词用法 (教材原句)... , she noticed something strange. (教材原句)Just then, she remembered something important. (教材原句)Everyone was enjoying the beautiful weather that morning. 以上句中的something,everyone都是复合不定代词。修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在它们后面。当复合不定代词用作主语是，谓语动词要用单数形式。 We met someone interesting in the village. 我们在村里遇到了一位有趣的人。 Nothing is more important than health. 没有什么比健康更重要。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —Did you see ________ in the museum today? —Of course. I really liked some of the old things. A．special anything B．anything special C．something interesting D．interesting something (2) Listen, someone _________ the piano in the room. A．are playing B．playing C．is playing D．plays 2. rest用法 (教材原句)the rest of her family 此处rest用作名词，表示“剩余的人或物”。此外rest作名词，还可以表示“休息”，如take a rest休息一会。rest也可以用作形容词，表示“剩余的，剩下的”，如the rest toys剩下的玩具。rest也可以用做动词，表示“休息；(被)支撑；(使)倚靠，托”，如rest under the tree在树下休息。 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中rest的中文意思。 (1) He rested his chin(下巴) in his hands. (2) Try to get some rest ─you have a busy day tomorrow. (3) How would you like to spend the rest of the day? (4) The doctor told me to rest. 3. get用法 (教材原句)... and rushed to get people off the beach. ... 冲到海滩让人们离开。 此句中get表示“使，让(某人或物做某事)；说服(某人做某事)”，其后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语。 I couldn't get the car to start this morning. 我今天早上没法让这汽车发动起来。 Don't get your dress dirty! 别把你的连衣裙弄脏了！ 4. by the end of 用法 (教材原句)By the end of August, they managed to put out all the fires. 到八月底，他们成功扑灭了所有火灾。 by the end of表示“到...末，到...结束时”，后接表示时间的名词，当时间名词是表示过去的时间时，句子常用过去完成时。 By the end of last term, we had learned 500 words.到上学期末，我们已经学了 500 个单词。 [随学随练] 单项填空 By the end of last Sunday, AI ______ all the tasks on time. A．finished B．has finished C．had finished D．finishes 5. by the time 用法 (教材原句)By the time the bus came, I was cold and wet. 到汽车来的时候，我又冷又湿。 by the time表示“到...时候”，用于引导时间状语从句。 By the time we got home, it was already dark. 等我们回到家时，天已经黑了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 By the time I ______ up this morning, my mother had already cooked breakfast. A．get B．got C．am getting D．had gotten 6. 过去完成时 (教材原句)Two weeks before, her geography teacher had explained that earthquakes under the sea could create dangerous waves called tsunamis!两周前，她的地理老师曾解释过，海底地震会引发被称为海啸的危险海浪！ 此句中had explained是“had+动词过去分词”构成的过去完成时结构，表示“在过去某个时间点前已经做完某个动作”，此句中explain的动作在two week before这个过去的时间点已经结束。 We had arrived at the station by 11 o’clock. 十一点前我们已经到达车站了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —How could you answer all the questions so quickly, Susan? —I________ all the key points before the exam started. A．review B．will review C．have reviewed D．had reviewed 7. 过去将来时 (教材原句)I was...when the bus driver said that we would be late.当公交车司机说我们会迟到的时候，我...。 此句中said后的that从句是宾语从句，主句的谓语动词said是过去时态，从句也要使用相应的过去的时态。从句的时态would be是“would+动词原形”构成的过去将来时，表示“从站在过去的某个时刻，谈论之后(将来)的事情”，said动作发生时，be late动作还没有发生，是said动作之后(将来)发生的。 She told me she would call me later.她告诉我她稍后会给我打电话。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Hey, Aunt Jenny! It’s you! I never thought you ________ over. What a nice surprise! A．will come B．would come C．have come D．had come 5、 知识过关练习 1. 词汇填空  根据据提示填写正确形式的单词或按照中文句子补全句子，每空一词。 (1) The boy ________ (拒绝) to lend his favourite comic book to anyone, as it was a gift from his late grandfather. (2) Slow down your ________ (思考) and read the question again — you might find the answer. (3) As Francis Bacon once said, “________ (知识) itself is power,” which explains why reading is so important. (4) You should take notes in class and ________ (复习) them after class. (5) My grandmother went out for a walk as ________ (通常的). (6) Everyone has the responsibility to protect the __________ (安全) of our country and society. (7) Li Lei wants to join the army and try his best to _______ (保卫) our motherland in the future. (8) I have to do some ________ (思考) before making a decision. (9) The two college students became ________ (英雄) for saving the child from water. (10) If you get lost in the forest, you should stay in one place and wait for ________ (救援). (11) The brave ________ (消防队员) worked all night to put out the wildfire. (12) As a ________ (志愿者), he plans to clean up Siyang Taoyuan Road Bridge this weekend. (13) As soon as the fire happened, he decided to sound the ________ (警报). (14) There will be a storm with __________ (雷声) and lightning (闪电) according to the weather report. (15) ________ ________ ________ ________ (突然), it began to rain very hard in the area. (16) Thanks to her quick thinking, everyone ________ ________ ________ ________ (到达安全地带) before the disaster happened. (17) “The early bird catches the worm.” ________ ________ ________, we should get up early. (因此) (18) I’ll go to visit Peking University ________ ________ ________ (一……就……) the summer holiday begins. (19) Every morning, when the alarm clock ________ ________ (发出响声), I get up quickly and take a shower first. (20) She arrived at the station ________ ________ ________ (上气不接下气) and just caught the train. 2. 单句语法填空 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) To be honest, it is one of the ________ (bad) films I’ve seen. (2) Jim refuses ________ (eat) fast food. He thinks it is bad for his health. (3) ________ (thankful), the heavy rain stopped before the outdoor concert began. (4) Quick ________ (think) saved her life during the tsunami. (5) As soon as it stops raining, we ________ (go) out to play football. (6) During the epidemic, millions of people volunteer ________ (help) others, including my parents and me. (7) The bad news made everyone in the room feel ________ (alarm). (8) The car accident happened ________ (sudden) on the street. Luckily, no one was hurt. (9) By the time she got to the bus stop, the bus ________ (leave) already. (10) It’s ________ (thunder) outside. You’d better stay at home. (11) It’s ________ (usual) for him to be late because he is always on time. (12) He was ________ (lucky) not to win, so he felt a bit down. (13) Ann and her brother James ________ (walk) to an early basketball practice when the accident ________ (happen). (14) The noise was ________ (terrible) loud. I couldn’t sleep at all. (15) Miss Smith was about to finish her science fiction novel ________ the reporter arrived. (16) There ________ (be) little rain in Changzhou in three days, is there? 3. 单项填空 (1) Many animals work hard to ________ the peace of Zootopia 2, making the city a safer place for every citizen. A．refuse B．guard C．break D．spread (2) The security guard tried his best to ________ the people in the building when the fire broke out. A．rescue B．beat C．refuse D．review (3) Though Emily prepared ________ for the speech, she felt ________ nervous. A．careful; terrible B．carefully; terribly C．carefully; terrible (4) —Anything new in the newspaper? —______ hit a building and caused a big fire in a town. A．Lightning B．Thunder C．Storm D．Fog (5) —Why do our teachers often say learning without thinking is useless? —I think it tells us ________ we should do while studying. A．that B．how C．whether D．what (6) —Tony, there ________ an important meeting next Monday. —OK. I’ll be here on time. And we usually ________ meetings on Monday. A．is going to have; have B．will have; will be C．is going to be; have D．will be; will have (7) —The story of Huang Xuhua, father of China’s nuclear submarines (核潜艇), moved us a lot. —Yes. ________ he loved our country so much, he worked secretly on nuclear submarines for years. A．Since B．As soon as C．Unless D．When (8) — When the teacher asked who broke the window, the whole class had no answer.                 — Yeah. They all __________ at once. A．got into trouble B．fell into silence C．stepped into role D．jumped into action (9) While my father ________ the emergency bag, my mother ________ the children to the safe room. A．prepared; led B．was preparing; was leading C．prepared; was leading D．was preparing; lead (10) The rescue workers need more ________ to clear the streets after a disaster. A．manpower B．heartbeat C．landslide D．wildfire (11) Luckily, it turns out to be easier than I thought. ________, she failed the exam. A．Thankfully B．Luckily C．Unfortunate D．Unfortunately (12) The professor seems to know everything about the ecosystem. We respect him for his ________. A．rainstorm B．knowledge C．guard D．rescue 4. 选择填空 A 根据句意用方框中的单词填空，每个单词限用一次。 heartbeat; review; thunder; lucky; sweep; southwest; warn; hit; refuse; firefighter 1．Let’s the grammar rules together before the English lesson. 2．After running 1,000 metres, his was so strong that he could hear it. 3．We were to pick the worst seats in the movie theatre. 4．My dog hides under the bed when there’s and lightning. 5．There are many beautiful natural views and unique cultures in the part of our country. 6．The brave rushed into the burning house to save the little girl. 7．My mother always me not to play on the road because it’s very dangerous. 8．A car a big tree on the way to the mountain village last night. 9．He to accept the gift because he thought it was too expensive. 10．A big storm through the coastal city last week，causing a lot of damage. B 用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。 by the time, all of a sudden, as a result, go off jump into action, as soon as, security guard, thanks to 1．The fire alarm in the middle of the night,and everyone rushed out of the building. 2． ,it started to rain heavily while we were having a picnic in the park. 3． I arrived at the cinema,the movie had already started. 4．Fu Xing didn’t study hard for the exam. ,he failed it. 5． your help, I finished my English homework on time. 6．I will call you I arrive at the airport. 7．I showed my pass to the and he waved me through. 8．When the fire alarm rang, the team to evacuate (疏散) the people in the building. C 从方框中选择正确选项，完成短文，其中有两个选项是多余的。 A．because    B．dangerous    C． suddenly    D．swept E. out     F. but     G. worst     H. volunteers I. when     J. refused     K. hit     L. safe In August 2022, China experienced a great heatwave, the 1 since 1961. It caused drought in different parts of the country. The heatwave 2 the southwestern city of Chongqing very hard. Large wildfires 3 through the forests and mountains there. Over 5,000 firefighters, police, and 4 all worked together to keep the people and their homes 5 . They put out the fires, brought more than 1,500 people to safety and warned others to stay away from 6 areas. It was very hard to fight the fires 7 of the high temperatures and changeable winds, 8 the rescue workers 9 to give up. By the end of August, they managed to put 10 all the fires. 5. 翻译句子 (1) 我们在打乒乓球的时候，他们到了。 (2) 到我完成作业时，爸爸已经酣睡了。 (3) 他立即行动起来，赶紧去催促人们离开海滩。 (4) 他吃得太多了。因此，他胃疼了。 (5) 当暴风雨来的时候我正走回家。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $