专题14 动词专项之主谓一致(课件)-高中英语语法全攻略

动词专项 主谓一致 高中英语语法全攻略 CONTENTS 语法详解 01 阅读理解长难句 02 语法填空考查 03 写作应用 04 意义一致 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 The committee has reached a decision on the new policy. The committee are divided on whether to approve the proposal. 1. family, class, committee, team, group, crew, audience等集体名词强调整体谓语用单数，强调成员谓语用复数。 The police are investigating the accident.警方正在调查这起事故。 Many young people are interested in online learning. 2. people, police, cattle, oxen等集体名词作主语，谓语动词必须用复数。 This means is effective for solving the problem. All possible means have been tried.所有可能的方法都试过了。 3. sheep, deer, works, means, species, Chinese, Japanese等单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据其意义或限定词决定单、复数。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 3 意义一致 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 The injured were sent to the hospital immediately.受伤的人被立即送往医院。 The unemployed are struggling to find new jobs.失业者正努力寻找新工作。 4. the +形容词（或分词）主语表示一类人时，谓语通常用复数。如the rich, the poor, the brave, the injured, the living, the wounded等。 Ten minutes is enough for me to finish this task.十分钟足够我完成这项任务。 The United Nations plays an important role in international affairs. 5. 24years, New York Times等名词短语作主语表示时间、距离、金钱、机构、书籍等概念时，谓语动词常用单数。 易错提醒 若 “the + 形容词” 表示抽象概念（而非一类人），则谓语用单数。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 4 语法一致 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 1. 不定式、动名词和从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。 To protect the environment has become a global issue. Whether she will attend the meeting is unknown.她是否参加会议还不清楚。 2. 分数,百分数等修饰名词时,谓语与名词单复数保持一致。 Two thirds of the students are from rural areas.三分之二的学生来自农村。 Fifty percent of the information is unreliable.50% 的信息不可靠。 3. most, the rest等修饰名词,谓语与名词单复数保持一致。 Most water here is not suitable for drinking.这里的大多数水不适合饮用。 Some students left early, and the rest are still in the classroom. Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 5 语法一致 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 4. a large quantity/amount of…作主语，谓语动词用单数；large quantities/amounts of…作主语，谓语动词用复数。 A large quantity of students is expected to attend the lecture. Large quantities of sand have been used to build the road.修路用了大量沙子。 5. and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如果并列主语指同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each, every, 或no修饰时,其谓语要用单数形式。 The writer and poet is coming to our school. 这位作家兼诗人要来我们学校。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy. 早睡早起使人健康。 No teacher and no student was late for the meeting. 没有老师和学生开会迟到。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 6 语法一致 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 6. the number of…表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数；a number of表示“若干，许多”，谓语用复数。 The number of cars on the road is growing rapidly. A number of problems remain to be solved. 还有许多问题有待解决。 7. one of …后接定语从句，从句谓语用复数；the only one of 后接定语从句，从句谓语用单数。 This is one of the books that were written by Lu Xun.这是鲁迅写的书之一。 He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. 8. all, both, each, every, either, neither, none等代词作主语，视意思而定。 Each of the students is hardworking. 每个学生都很努力。 Every hour and every minute is precious. 每一小时和每一分钟都很宝贵。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 7 易混易错 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 就近一致 1. 并列连词either…or…, neither…nor…, not…but, not only…but also…等连接并列主语时，谓语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。 Either you or he is responsible for this mistake. Not only you but also I am interested in this project. 2. There be句型及The following句型语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。 There is a book and two pens on the desk. There are two pens and a book on the desk. The following is a letter and some photos. The following are some photos and a letter. Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 8 易混易错 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 就远一致 1. 主语后面跟有下列介词或介词短语with，along with，together with, as well as, rather than, including, like, but, except等，谓语动词在人称与数上应与前边的主语一致。 The singer, along with her band members, is preparing for the concert. 这位歌手连同她的乐队成员正在为演唱会做准备。 A tiger, like other big cats, hunts at night. 老虎和其他大型猫科动物一样在夜间捕食。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 9 主谓一致特殊注意点 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 1. more than one+可名单，表“不止一个”，作主语，谓动用单数；more+可名复+than one，表“不止一个”，作主语，谓动用复数。 There is more than one solution to the problem.这个问题不止一个解决办法。 More students than one have applied for the scholarship.不止一个学生申请了奖学金。 2. a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of等，后面加上不可数名词或成双成对的名词，谓语动词根据series, kind, piece, pair的单复数形式而定。 A series of lectures is scheduled for next week.（下周安排了一系列讲座。 Three pieces of furniture were delivered yesterday.（三件家具昨天送达了。 主谓一致特殊注意点 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 10 主谓一致特殊注意点 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 3. 以-s结尾的国名、地名或学科名（形复实单的名词），作主语时，谓动用单数。 The Alps is a famous mountain range in Europe.（阿尔卑斯山是欧洲著名的山脉。 Mathematics is my favorite subject.（数学是我最喜欢的学科。 4. 强调句型两个主谓一致：It is/was +被强调部分+who/that….结构中，It后边只能是单数is/was，需要与It呼应；who/that后边谓语应与被强调部分单复数保持一致。 It is he who helps others every day. 是他每天帮助别人。 It is these students who win the competition every year. 这些学生每年都赢得比赛。 主谓一致特殊注意点 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 11 动词专项之主谓一致 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 2024新课标I卷 长难句 Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 翻译句子 此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 12 动词专项之主谓一致 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 2024新课标II卷 长难句 “Some of the things that Tang was writing about were also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.” 翻译句子 汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 13 动词专项之主谓一致 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 2024新课标II卷 长难句 Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 翻译句子 两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 14 动词专项之主谓一致 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 2024浙江1月卷 长难句 Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 翻译句子 在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 15 动词专项之主谓一致 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 考查时态和主谓一致 2025全国二卷 And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 61 (be) one of them. 句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。 is Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 16 动词专项之主谓一致 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 考查时态和主谓一致 2025全国一卷 A decent winner always 61 (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. 句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。 tries Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 17 动词专项之主谓一致 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 考查时态和主谓一致 2024全国甲卷 They 64 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 were Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 18 动词专项之主谓一致 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 考查时态和主谓一致 2024九省联考 Fountain pens ______________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. 句意：钢笔很久以前就在学校里使用了，最近又重新流行起来，因为它们可以重新填充。空格处作谓语，根据时间状语long ago可知，应用一般过去时，主语Fountain pens和动词use之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。 were used Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 19 动词专项之主谓一致 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 技巧01 3大规则直击考点 1. 语法一致：主语形式为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。 例：The book is interesting. / These students study hard. 2. 意义一致：主语形式单复数与实际意义不一致时，按实际含义定谓语。 例：The family are watching TV（家庭成员，表复数）；The family is big（家庭整体，表单数）。 3. 就近一致：谓语单复数由离它最近的主语决定，仅适用于固定搭配。 常考结构：either...or... / neither...nor... / not only...but also... / there be... 例：There is a pen and two books on the desk. Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 20 动词专项之主谓一致 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 技巧02 写作高频易错点：避坑关键 1. 不可数名词/单数代词作主语：谓语必用单数，即使后面接with/together with等短语（短语不影响主语单复数）。 错：Water with ice are cold. 对：Water with ice is cold. 常考单数代词：everyone/everybody/someone/nobody/everything/nothing 2. 集体名词：表“整体”用单数，表“成员”用复数（写作中根据语境判断，无提示优先表整体）。 常考集体名词：family/class/team/government/group Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 21 动词专项之主谓一致 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 技巧02 写作高频易错点：避坑关键 3. 数词/量词短语：表“数量/整体”用单数，表“个体”用复数；分数/百分数后接名词，谓语随名词变。 4. 并列主语：and连接表“同一人/物/概念”用单数，表“不同对象”用复数；each...and each.../every...and every...后接单数谓语。 例：A teacher and writer is coming（同一人，既是老师也是作家）。 5. 定语从句/名词性从句：从句作主语，谓语用单数；先行词为复数，定语从句谓语用复数。 例：What he said is true. / The books that are on the desk are mine. Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 22 动词专项之主谓一致 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 技巧03 写作句式应用：主谓一致融入高分句 1. 简单句升级：结合介词短语，不改变主谓一致规则，让句子更丰富。 基础句：The girl sings well. 升级句：The girl, along with her classmates, sings well in the competition. 2. 复合句应用：定语从句中先行词单复数决定从句谓语，贴合写作逻辑。 例：The novel that I borrowed from the library is written by Mo Yan. 3. 倒装句注意：倒装句中，谓语随真正主语变（表语提前不影响）。 例：On the wall hang two beautiful paintings.（真正主语two paintings复数） Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 23 动词专项之主谓一致 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 翻译01 语法一致 The teacher with his students who are from different provinces is going to attend an international education conference in Beijing next month. 这位和来自各省的学生们在一起的老师，下月将去北京参加一场国际教育研讨会。 语法剖析 1. 主语为The teacher，with his students是介词短语作伴随状语，不是并列主语，谓语单复数由主语本身决定，故用is； 2. who are from different provinces是定语从句，先行词是students（复数），故从句谓语用are。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 24 动词专项之主谓一致 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 翻译02 意义一致 The United Nations, which was founded in 1945, plays an important role in promoting international peace and development. 1945年成立的联合国，在促进国际和平与发展方面发挥着重要作用。 语法剖析 1. The United Nations是专有名词（单数概念），表一个组织，虽形式有s，谓语仍用单数was/plays； 2. which was founded是定语从句，先行词为联合国，从句谓语与先行词一致用was。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 25 动词专项之主谓一致 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 翻译03 就近一致 Not only the children but also their mother is fond of watching the cartoon that is popular among teenagers recently. 不仅孩子们，他们的妈妈也喜欢看最近在青少年中很火的这部卡通片。 语法剖析 1. 遵循not only...but also...就近原则，谓语单复数由but also后的主语their mother（单数）决定，故用is； 2. 定语从句that is popular的先行词是the cartoon（单数），从句谓语用is。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 26 动词专项之主谓一致 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 翻译04 语法一致 Each of the books that have been borrowed from the school library needs to be returned before the summer vacation. 从学校图书馆借的每一本书都需要在暑假前归还。 语法剖析 1. 主句主语是Each（代词，表“每一个”），of the books是定语，主句谓语需用单数needs； 2. that have been borrowed是定语从句，先行词是books（复数），从句谓语用have。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 27 高中英语语法全攻略 Thank You ！ $