专题08 动词专项之情态动词(课件)-高中英语语法全攻略

动词专项 情态动词 高中英语语法全攻略 CONTENTS 语法详解 01 阅读理解长难句 02 语法填空考查 03 写作应用 04 can和could的用法 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 1. 表示“能力”时，can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。 The machine can work 24 hours a day.这台机器能全天 24 小时运行。 When I was in college, I could stay up all night studying. 2. 表示“推测”时，can用于否定句中，can't表示“不可能”。could表“推测”时，比can的可能性要小。 She can't be in the library. I just saw her leave the school. This could be the right answer, but let's check again. 3. 表示“请求”或“许可”时，通常用于疑问句中；could表“请求”时比can更委婉。 Can you help me carry this bag?你能帮我提这个包吗？ Could you please open the window?您能开一下窗户吗？ Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 3 can和could的用法 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 4. could have done表示“本可以做某事”；couldn’t have done表示“不可能做了某事”。 She could have told me the truth, but she chose to lie.她本可以告诉我真相，但她选择了撒谎。 They couldn’t have arrived yet. The flight was delayed for 3 hours.他们不可能已经到了。航班延误了 3 小时。 5. be able to do表示“能够做某事”，不能与 can连用，但有更多时态。was/were able to do 表示过去能够而且做到了某事。 He has been able to solve the problem after several attempts.经过几次尝试，他终于能解决这个问题了。 The firefighters were able to save all the people in the burning building.消防员成功救出了着火大楼里的所有人。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 4 may和might的用法 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 1.may和might可用于肯定句中表示“许可”，用在疑问句中表示“请求”。 May I leave early today? 我今天可以早点走吗？ You might borrow the car if you ask politely. 如果你礼貌请求，或许可以借到车。 2. might表“推测”时，可能性比may的可能性小，把握把握不大。may/might have done表示“可能已经做了某事”，但是把握不大。 He might be busy, but I’m not sure.他可能很忙，但我不确定。 She may have forgotten the meeting.她可能忘了开会这件事。 3.may/might well do sth意为“很可能”, may/might as well do sth.表示建议，意为“不妨做某事”。 She might well be late. The traffic is terrible today.她很可能会迟到。今天交通太堵了。 You may as well take an umbrella. It looks like rain.你不妨带把伞。天看起来要下雨了。 4.“May you+动词原形”表示祝愿，意为“祝你……！”。 May you have a safe journey! 祝你旅途平安！ May peace follow you wherever you go! 愿平安与你同在！ Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 5 must和have to的用法 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 You must finish your homework before dinner.你必须在晚饭前完成作业。 You mustn't smoke in the library.禁止在图书馆吸烟。 1. must表示“必须”，强调说话人的主观态度，否定式为mustn't，意为“不允许，禁止。 You’ve been working all day. You must be tired.你工作了一整天，一定很累。 He didn’t answer the phone. He must be taking a shower.他没接电话，一定在洗澡。 The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.地面是湿的，昨晚一定下过雨。 2. must表示“推测”，意为“一定是，准是"，只用于肯定句中。must be doing肯定正在做某事；must have done表示对过去发生的事情肯定判断，表示“肯定已经做了”。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 6 must和have to的用法 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 They had to walk home because the bus didn’t come. He doesn’t have to finish the report today. It’s due next week. 3. have to表示客观需要，意为“不得不”，否定式为don’t have to，相当于needn't。 The car must break down on the highway!车子偏要在高速上抛锚！ If you must go out tonight, at least take an umbrella.如果你今晚偏要出去，至少带把伞。 Why must you leave the door open? It’s freezing outside!你为什么偏要把门开着？外面冷死了！ 4. must表示“偏要”，指说话人对发生的事情表示不满。用于表达说话人对某人固执行为或不合时宜的情况的不满、不耐烦或责备，强调“对方偏偏要这样做”，隐含“本不该如此却执意为之” Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 7 shall, should和ought to 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 1.shall用在第一三人称疑问句中时，表示征求对方意见。 Shall we go for a walk after dinner?晚饭后我们去散步好吗？ Shall the report be sent to you by email?这份报告用邮件发你可以吗？ 2.shall用在第二、三人称陈述句中时，表示允诺、命令、告诫等。 He shall have the book by tomorrow, I promise. Whoever breaks the law shall be held responsible. 3.should表示“推测”,常意为“按道理说应该”；should还可以表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒、失望等，多用It is necessary that…句型。 The train should arrive at 9:30. It’s never late. It’s ridiculous that he should lie to his own parents. Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 8 shall, should和ought to 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 4.should have done表示“本应该做某事而没有做”，否定式则表示在“本不该做某事但已经做了”。 She should have accepted the job offer. It was a great opportunity.她本应该接受那份工作的，那是个好机会。 He shouldn’t have driven so fast. Now he’s got a speeding ticket.他本不该开那么快的，现在收到超速罚单了。 5.should/ought to表示责任，义务，意为“应该”，否定式为should not/ ought not to。 You ought to apologize for your rudeness.你应该为你的粗鲁道歉。 As a manager, you ought to have addressed the problem earlier.作为经理，你本应该更早处理这个问题。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 9 will和would的用法 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 Will you call me when you arrive? 你到了之后给我打个电话好吗？ Would you help me with this form? 您能帮我填一下这张表吗？ 1.will表示“请求”,常用于第二人称疑问句中，would比will语气更委婉。 2. will表示主观愿望、意志或决心，would用于过去的习惯性动作，意为“过去常常做某事”。 He will not listen to anyone’s advice. 他不肯听任何人的劝告。 He would often sit by the window, lost in thought. Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 10 will和would的用法 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 Will you wait for me at the entrance? 你能在入口处等我吗？ Would you like to have a cup of tea? 您想喝杯茶吗？ 3.will和would用于第二人称的疑问句中，would表示委婉语气。 4.would have done多用于虚拟条件句或含蓄条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设。 We would have arrived on time if the bus hadn’t broken down. Without your help, I wouldn’t have finished the project. Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 11 will和would的用法 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 5.would用于否定句可以表示顽固倾向，意为“老是不”“总是不”。另外，would do还可以表示过去将来时； would用于一般疑问句，表示委婉的用法。Would you please….?请你……好吗？Would you like to do…? 你想……吗？Would you mind doing…? 你介意……吗？Would you rather do…?你倒愿意……吗？ Would you pass the menu, please? 请您把菜单递给我好吗？ Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? 您介意等几分钟吗？ Would you please open the door? 您能开一下门吗？ Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 12 【跟踪训练】 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 1.We could see the mountain peak __________ sight after hours of hiking. 2.The factory workers are __________ strike for improved working conditions. 3.The hiker was __________ danger when the storm suddenly hit the mountain. 4.He knocked over the cup __________ purpose to get attention. 5.The feeling of standing on the mountain top was __________ description. 6.Her application for the scholarship is still __________ consideration. 7.The wildfire is finally __________ control after days of efforts. 8.They decided to start the hike __________ midnight to watch the meteor shower. 9.She finally felt __________ ease when her friends arrived at the party. 10.She decided to deliver the letter __________ person to express her gratitude. in on in on beyond under under at at in Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 13 need和dare的用法 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 1.need用作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句，后接动词原形。needn’t have done表示“本没必要做某事但实际上做了”。 2.need用作实意动词，接名词、代词、不定式作宾语。need doing=need to be done表示需要做。 Do they need to book a hotel in advance?他们需要提前预订酒店吗？ The broken window needs to be repaired.这扇破窗户需要被修理。 She needn’t worry about the exam—she’s well-prepared.她没必要担心考试，她准备得很充分。 She needn’t have hurried to the airport. The flight was delayed for 2 hours.她本没必要急着去机场，航班延误了 2 小时。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 14 need和dare的用法 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 3.dare用作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句，只有dare和dared两种形式。I dare say...意为“我想,大概,可能,或许……”。 4.dare用作实意动词，接名不定式作宾语。 She didn’t dare (to) tell him the bad news.她不敢告诉他这个坏消息。 Did they dare (to) argue with the teacher?他们敢和老师争论吗？ She dare not go out alone at night.她晚上不敢独自外出。 Dare he speak in front of the whole class?他敢在全班面前发言吗？ She dared not go out alone when she was a child.她小时候不敢独自外出。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 15 情态动词+have done 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 1. can’t have done表示“不可能做了某事”。 The baby can’t have eaten a whole cake. She’s only one year old. He can’t have finished the work in an hour. It’s too complicated. 2. could have done用于肯定句，表示“本可以做某事”。couldn’t have done表示“不可能做了某事”。 He could have become a doctor, but he gave up the opportunity. She couldn’t have forgotten your birthday. You reminded her twice. 3. may/might have done用于肯定或否定句中，表示对过去的推测，意思是“也许已经┅，可能已经…”。 She may have forgotten our appointment. She’s been really busy lately. He might have made a mistake in the report, but I’m not sure. Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 16 情态动词+have done 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 4. must have done只用于肯定句，表示对过去的推测，意思是“一定已经，想必已经，准是已经….”。 The door is locked. They must have left already. He didn’t answer the phone. He must have been busy at that moment. 5. should/ought to have done表示“本应该做某事而没有做”; shouldn’t have done表示在“本不该做某事但已经做了”。 You shouldn’t have lied to your parents. They trust you. She shouldn’t have opened your letter without permission. 6. needn’t have done表示“作了不必做或不需要做的事”。 We needn’t have prepared so much food. Only five guests came. I needn’t have bought a new umbrella—the old one still works. Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 17 动词专项之情态动词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 2021·天津卷 长难句 It used to be that you could drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. 翻译句子 以前你可能在这里开了几英里，都没见过别人，但现在到处都是房子和人。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 18 动词专项之情态动词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 2020·天津卷 长难句 You shouldn't have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best. 翻译句子 你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 19 动词专项之情态动词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 2015·天津卷 长难句 I needn’t have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 翻译句子 我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 20 动词专项之情态动词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 2018·天津·高考卷 长难句 I can't find my purse. I could have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. 翻译句子 我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 21 动词专项之情态动词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 考查情态动词 2023·天津卷 We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us. A. mustn’t B. daren’t C. needn’t D. can’t 句意：我们不必为细节而烦恼，因为我们的队友会尽全力帮助我们。A. mustn’t禁止；B. daren’t不敢；C. needn’t不必；D. can’t不能。根据“for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us”可知，因为我们队友会全力帮助我们，所以我们不必为细节烦恼。故选C。 C Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 22 动词专项之情态动词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 考查情态动词 2021·天津卷 ---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted. ---Well, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think. A. may have made B. should have made C. couldn't have made D. needn't have made 句意：—老实说，我觉得我不会被录取。—唉，谁知道呢!你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。A.may have made 可能；B.should have made本应该做；C.couldn't have made不可能做；D.needn't have made本不必做。根据句意可知，此处表示的是有可能，选A。 A Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 23 动词专项之情态动词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 考查虚拟语气 2020·江苏卷 If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am. A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been 句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。选C。 C Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 24 动词专项之情态动词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 考查情态动词 2019·天津卷 Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He _________ many times last week. A. need have practised B. might practise C. must have practised D. could practise 句意：保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。must have done是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测，意思是“一定”。故C选项正确。 C Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 25 动词专项之情态动词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 技巧01 先定语境，再选情态动词 1. 提建议/表达劝告（书信、建议类作文）：should/ought to（基础，通用）→ had better（语气更强，表“最好”）→ might as well（表“不妨”，高级替换） 2. 表达能力/可能性（记叙文、议论文）：can（现在/客观能力）→ could（过去能力/委婉可能性）→ may/might（可能性更低，might比may更委婉） 3. 表义务/必要（议论文、倡议书）：must（必须，语气最强）→ have to（客观需要，非主观意愿）→ need to（普通必要，可替换must表缓和） Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 26 动词专项之情态动词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 技巧01 先定语境，再选情态动词 4. 表推测/判断（所有体裁）：肯定推测：must（极肯定，“一定”）；否定推测：can’t（极否定，“不可能”）；不确定推测：may/might/could（“可能”） 5. 表请求/许可（书信、对话体）：can/could（请求，could更委婉）→ may/might（许可，正式一点） 6. 表虚拟/遗憾（记叙文、感悟类）：could have done（本可以做却没做）→ should have done（本应该做却没做）→ needn’t have done（本不必做却做了），是写作中提升文采的高频句式。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 27 动词专项之情态动词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 技巧02 万能句式：直接套用，快速提分 1. 建议类：It is high time that we should do sth.（是时候我们做某事了，议论文高频）；You might as well do sth. to solve the problem.（你不妨做某事来解决问题，书信高级） 2. 推测类：There is no doubt that we must take action to...（毫无疑问我们必须采取行动，议论文开头/结尾）；He can’t have forgotten the appointment, for he wrote it down.（他不可能忘记约会，因为他记下来了，记叙文） Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 28 动词专项之情态动词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 技巧02 万能句式：直接套用，快速提分 3. 虚拟/感悟类：If I had known the truth, I should have told you earlier.（如果我知道真相，我早就告诉你了，记叙文结尾） 4. 义务/倡议类：As students, we have to shoulder the responsibility of...（作为学生，我们必须承担……的责任，倡议书/议论文） 5. 祝愿类：May you achieve your dream and make great progress!（愿你实现梦想，取得巨大进步，书信结尾万能） Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 29 动词专项之情态动词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 翻译01 情态动词must No matter what difficulties you meet with, you must remember that you could have overcome those seemingly insoluble problems with perseverance. 无论你遇到什么困难，你都必须记住，自己本可以凭借毅力克服那些看似不可能解决的问题。 语法剖析 ① 主句情态动词must表“主观上的必须、义务”，后接动词原形remember，引导宾语从句；② 宾语从句中could have done为情态动词特殊用法，表“过去本有能力做某事却未做”，核心突出“过去的潜在能力与实际未行动的反差”；③ 让步状语从句No matter what...中用一般现在时表客观情况，符合主现从现的时态规则。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 30 动词专项之情态动词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 翻译02 情态动词ought to Now that you have promised to take part in this public welfare activity, you ought to keep your word, or you would let down those who trust you. 既然你已经答应要参加这次公益活动，你就应当信守承诺，否则你会让那些信任你的人失望的。 语法剖析 ① ought to表“道义上的应该”，语气比should更正式，后接动词原形keep，贴合“信守承诺”的道义要求；② 并列句中would表“虚拟的结果、大概率的可能性”，此处指“如果不信守承诺，就会出现让他人失望的结果”；③ Now that引导原因状语从句，用现在完成时have promised表“过去的承诺对现在的影响”。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 31 动词专项之情态动词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 翻译03 情态动词can No one can deny that the happy life we have now must have been earned by countless ancestors with their sweat and blood. 没有人能够否认，我们如今所拥有的幸福生活，一定是无数先辈用汗水和鲜血换来的。 语法剖析 ① 主句情态动词can表“客观上的能力”，No one can deny为固定句式，表“无人能否认”，后接that宾语从句；② 宾语从句中must have done表“对过去发生事情的肯定推测”，语气极肯定，贴合“先辈用汗水换幸福生活”这一既定事实；③ 从句中we have now为定语从句修饰life，被动语态have been earned与by搭配。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 32 动词专项之情态动词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 翻译04 don’t have to When you are faced with choices, you don’t have to rush to make a decision; on the contrary, you may as well take some time to reflect on what you really want. 当你面对选择时，你不必急于做出决定，相反，你不妨花点时间思考什么才是自己真正想要的。 语法剖析 ① don’t have to表“不必”，相当于needn’t，强调“主观上没有必要做某事”，区别于mustn’t（禁止）；② may as well为情态动词固定搭配，表“不妨、倒不如”，用于提出委婉的建议，后接动词原形take；③ 时间状语从句be faced with为固定搭配，what引导的宾语从句作reflect on的宾语，保持陈述语序。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 33 高中英语语法全攻略 Thank You ！ $