专题1 阅读理解 语篇类型4 议论文-【满分思维】2026年高考英语真题分类

Compared to traditional garden plots,they increase carbon absorption,reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 1.What does the underlined word "Eschewing"in the first paragraph mean? A.Running out of. B.Keeping away from. C.Putting up with. D.Taking advantage of. 2.Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A.To control weeds in large gardens. B.To bring in foreign species of plants. 语篇类型4 主题语境人与 题组(2025·北京卷：社会比较的 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个 选项中，选出最佳选项。 (一)(6分) Not too long ago,on a cold winter night,there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no.The teenager was advocating for her right to scroll (for an extra 30 minutes. The parent argued that none of her friends'parents let them have screens after 9 o'clock."I thought,in this family,we don't compare ourselves with other people, Dad?"the teenager replied.The parent-who was me,by the way-just got served.Since they were young,I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people.I have argued countless times that comparisons are the“thief of joy'”. Although my daughter didn't win,she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given.In my defence,I did what we've all done before,which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances.But now is the time to set the C.To conserve soil and water resources. D.To develop low-maintenance parkland. 3.Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf's gardens? A.Traditional. B.Odd-looking. C.Tasteful. D.Well-protected. 4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A.The future of gardening is WILD B.Nature treats all lives as EQUALS C.Matrix gardens need more CARE D.Old garden plots work WONDERS 议论文 自我&人与社会 效面性+2025·全国I卷：城市街道) record straight,which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. Social comparisons do,of course,often get us into emotional trouble.But they can be harnessed( for our betterment if we understand how they work.The social comparisons we make-ones that lead us to feel good or bad about ourselves-are vital to our ability to thrive ()Science provides a guide we can use to harness the way we perform these comparisons to reduce their negative emotional impacts. Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don't,or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use these comparisons as a source of motivation,for example, “If they can achieve that,so can I.”Comparing yourself with someone who is doing worse than you could result in fear and worry if you think about how you could fall into similar circumstances,or it can 3. draw out feelings of gratitude and appreciation if you use that comparison to broaden your views-for example,"Wow,things could be much worse;I'm doing great.” What I wish I taught my daughter earlier are these nuances.How we feel about ourselves rests not just on whom we compare ourselves with but also on how we think about that comparison.That's something we all have control over. 1.How did the author feel about his daughter's argument? A.Excited. B.Inspired. C.Energized. D.Relieved. 2.What does the word“nuances”underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A.Major achievements. B.Complex feelings. C.Significant impacts. D.Fine differences. 3.Which would be the best title for the passage? A.Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Become a Healthy Habit B.Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties C.Social Comparisons Can Get Us into Emotional Trouble D.Social Comparisons Can Be Controlled by Science (二)(10分) While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years,transport studies also show declines in pedestrian(行人）mobility, especially among young children.Many parents say there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school,so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brommelstroet are bothered by facts like these.In their new book Movement:How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives,they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago.Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere.Some communities fought back.Most famously,a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park.Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway,Jane Jacobs called on her mayor() to champion "New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through."Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread,the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people,among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through,but we fail to account for the true costs.Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right:it's time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 1.What phenomenon does the author point out in Paragraph 1? A.Cars often get stuck on the road. B.Traffic accidents occur frequently. C.People walk less and drive more. D.Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 2.What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A.Keep their cities livable. B.Promote cultural diversity. C.Help the needy families. D.Make expressways accessible. 3.What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A.They boosted the sales of cars. 专题二 主题语境1 练习(2025 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填 入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (10分) What is adulthood?Societies all over the world view the concept of an adult as self-supporting and self-directed,because it identifies a point in the life cycle. As Alice Black points out,today's parents'fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and,thus,confident in themselves.Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book,The Life Cycle,mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery.1 But Turner's other cycles are just as important. 2 If these life cycles are delayed,interrupted,or denied,you feel incapable of accessing your states of self,controlling unpleasant feelings,and manipulating (the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. Turner wisely said that "doing well"psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions,manage them,communicate clearly and well with others,and master various skills.This requires an internal locus (of control,which implies self-control of your thoughts,feelings,and actions.3 You're B.They turned out largely ineffective. C.They won government support. D.They advocated building new parks. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Why the Rush? B.What's Next? C.Where to Stay? D.Who to Blame? 选五 人与自我 北京卷：成年) self-directed and not reliant on the world to tell you who you are.And you know who you are within all this. So,being an adult isn't just holding a job.Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions.4 We are a social species, so this is important. While raising an adult is a parent's job,it's also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (emotional and identity development.5 A.It's also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. B.They talk about someone's inability to support themselves through work. C.It's being able to show understanding when communicating with others. D.In other words,you're playing the game of life- life isn't playing you. E.They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. F.You feel like an 18-year old,especially when playing 80s music. G.When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity.语篇类型4 主题语境人与 题组(2025·北京卷：社会比较的 (-) 【文章大意】本文以一对父女的争论为例，揭示了广为流传的观念 “避免社会比较”的片面性。科学为我们提供了一种指导，比较的价 值取决于思维方式：若理性解读比较，便可将其转化为成长的动力。 文章呼吁摒弃“比较即有害”的绝对化认知，强调思维可控性的重 要性。 【语篇结构】 段落划分 内容梗概 通过一对父女关于“屏幕（使用）时间”的争论 第一段 引出话题 质疑被一致认可的智慧名言：社会比较都是不 第二段 健康的 阐述社会比较的双面性以及如何利用社会比 第三、四段 较来减少其带来的负面情绪影响 第五段 强调思维可控性的重要性 1.B推理判断题【定位句】Although my daughter didn't win,she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given.In my defence,I did what we've all done before,which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances.But now is the time to sel the record straight,which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy..(第一段) 译文尽管我的女儿没有赢，仙她确实帮忙揭露了我曾给出：的最 糟糕的建议之一。为我自已辩解一下，我所做的不过是我们所有 人之前都做过的事一重复那此被一致认可的智慧之言，而没有 探究其中的细微差别。但现在是时候痛改前非了，首先要质疑的 就是“所有的社会比较都是不健康的”这·观点。 【解析】根据第一段第四、五句“.the teenager replied.The parent-一who)was me,by the way-一just got served.”可知，女儿用“在 这个家中不与他人进行比较”这一说法来反驳父亲。结合定位句 可知，女儿的反驳帮忙揭露了作者曾给出的最糟糕的建议之一， 并促使他重新审视对社会比较的看法。由此可推知，女儿的争论 激发了他对原有观念的反思。这种因质疑而引发的认知转变体 现了“受启发”的情绪。故选B 2D词义猜测题【解析】A项意为“重大成就”：B项意为“复杂的 情感”；C项意为“显著影响”；D项意为“细微的差别”。根据画线 ·3 议论文 自我&人与社会 效面性+2025·全国I卷：城市街道) 词前的“In my defence,I did what we've all done before,which is repeat received wisdom”可知，作者认为自己所做的不过是人们之 前都做过的事一重复那些被一致认可的智慧之言。结合第三 段第二、三句“But they can be harnessed(利用)for our betterment if we understand how they work.The social comparisons we make-ones that lead us to feel good or bad about ourselves-are vital to our ability to thrive(成长).”可知，但如果我们了解社会比较的运作方式，就 可以利用它们来提升自我。我们所进行的社会比较一一那些让 我们对自己产生好感或反感的社会比较一一对我们的成长能力 至关重要。由此可知，并非所有的社会比较都是负面的，这些社 会比较对个人成长能力至关重要。由此可知，画线词所在句表示 重复那些被一致认可的智慧之言，而没有探究其中的细微差别。 由此可推知，画线词nuances应意为“细微差别”。故选D。 3A标题概括题【解析】通读全文可知，文章的主旨是“并非所 有的社会比较都是有害的，若对其运用得当，可促进自我提升”。 根据第四段第一句中的“If they can achieve that,.so can I'”和最后 一句巾的“Wow,things could be much worse;I'm doing great'"可知， 和表现优于自已的人进行比较时能得到动力，和处境不如自已的 人进行比较时能够让人知足，这两种比较都可以转化为积极的力 量。由此可知，A项“将自己与他人进行比较可以成为一个健康 的习惯”能概括本文大意，是本文的最佳标题。故选A。 【长难句分析】Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming 主语1 you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have 谓语1 宾语 条件状语从句】 定语 and you don't,or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use these 从句 主语2系动词+表语 comparisons as a s0 urce of molivation.(第四段第一句) 条件状语从句2 分析w0引导定语从句：两个i「均引导条件状语从句：定语从句 they have and you don't修饰先行词the things. 译文将自已与表现优于自己的人进行比较时，若你只关注他们 拥有而你自己没有的东西，这可能会引发嫉妒情绪：但如果你将 这种比较作为动力的来源，那么这种比较就会让人充满能量、备 受鼓舞… 【词汇积累】reply.回答comparison n.比较 circumstance n.情况broaden.增长（经验、知识等） 【常见搭配】result in导致be vital to对…至关重要 fall into陷入 7 (二) 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了现代城市以汽车为中心的发展模式给 行人安全和社区生活造成的负面影响，呼吁重新思考街道设计，使 其有利于人们的出行与生活。 【语篇结构】 段落划分 内容梗概 交代背景：尽管街道安全状况有所改善，但行 第一段 人的流动性也有所下降，家长更倾向开车接送 孩子上下学 提出观点：荷兰的两位作家在他们的新书中呼 第二段 吁重新思考街道及其在人们生活中扮演的 角色 分析历史背景及现状：城市街道变化、社区反 第三、四段 抗运动及汽车数量激增 呼吁人们进行反思：人们忽视了城市街道的社 第五段 会成本，是时候改变对街道的认知了 1.C细节理解题【定位句】While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years,transport studies also show declines in pedestrian()mobility,especially among young children.Many parents say there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school,so they pack them into the car instead..(第一段) 译文虽然近年来我们的街道安全状况可能有所改善，但交通研 究也显示，行人的流动性有所下降，尤其是在儿童（群体）中。许 多家长表示，道路上车流量太大，他的孩子无法安全步行上学， 所以他开车接送孩子（上下学）。 【解析】该题问的是作者在第一段中指出了什么现象。根据定位 句可知，作者在第一段巾指出了人们步行较少、开车较多的现象。 故选C。 2.A推理判断题【定位句】Most famously,a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park.Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway,Jane Jacobs called on her mayor(市长)to champion“New York as a decent place to live,and not just rush through..”(第三段第四、五句) 译文（其巾）最著名的（例子之一）是，一位在20世纪50年代初 举家迁往曼哈顿的加拿大记者发起了·场运动，以阴止当地公园 遭到破坏。Jane Jacobs描述了她对（政府）用高速公路取代（公 园)的提议的震惊，她呼吁市长捍卫“红约是一个宜居之地，而不 ·38 仅仅是一个一路疾驰而过的地方”这一理念。 【解析】该题问的是加拿大记者和其他活动家试图做什么。根据 定位句可知，加拿大记者Jane Jacobs反对（政府）将公园改建为高 速公路，呼吁市长维护纽约宜居之地的城市形象。结合第三段最 后一句“Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960sand 1970 s as well.”可知，类似的运动也发生在20世纪60年代末和 20世纪70年代的澳大利亚。由此可推知，加拿大记者和其他活 动家试图保持他们城市的宜居性。故选A。 3.B推理判断题【定位句】Although these campaigns were widespread,the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly..(第四段第一、二句) 译文虽然这些运动广泛存在，但现实情况是，大多数西方城市都 围绕汽车的需求进行了彻底地重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一 直在迅速增加 【解析】该题问的是关于20世纪60年代末和20世纪70年代澳大 利亚的运动，我们可以推断出什么。根据第四段内容尤其是定位 句可知，这些运动未能有效阻止城市以汽车为中心的规划方向。 由此可推知，澳大利亚的这些运动在很大程度上是无效的。故 选B。 4.A标题概括题【解析】文章主要介绍了现代城市以汽车为中 心的发展模式给行人安全和补区生活造成的负面影响，呼叮重新 思考街道设计，使其有利丁人们的出行与牛活。全文批判城市为 汽车“快速通行”而扩建高速公路，辆牲了行人的步行安全和人们 的社×生活。A项既呼应文章中的rush through,.义突显了肓目追 求效率的代价。由此可知，A项“为什么这么匆忙？”最符合文章的主 旨，适合做本文的标题。故选A。 【长难句分析】Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communities？(第五段第 二句) 分析what引导宾语从句；whcn引导时间状语从句 译文当孩子们不能安全地在我们的社区里活动时，我们真的认 识到整个社会要付出什么代价了吗？ 【词汇积累】decline n.下降，减少→替换drop/fall的学术词汇（科 普类高频词，常用动词) campaign n.运动→描述特定主题/目标/业务领域相关的具体 过程（记叙文阅读高频词）》 invest u.投资→关注金融增长/风险回报研究（科普类特征词） 【常见搭配】make way for为…让路→科普类阅读特征词 fight back反抗→社会现象类阅读主题词 call on呼吁→政策类高频短语