精品解析：上海市普陀区2025-2026学年学年第二学期高三命题指导研诊英语样卷

2025学年第二学期高三命题指导研诊 英语样卷 考生注意： 1．考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2．本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题，左答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Seeing is Believing Have you ever looked up at clouds on a summer’s day and seen a face looking back at you? Or spotted the “man in the moon” smiling down at you at night? Or noticed eyes and a smile on the front of a car? If you have, you’re ____1____ good company. The name for this phenomenon — our ability to see meaningful images in random places or things — is paredolia. Seeing faces in everyday objects is one of its most common forms. Several theories have tried to explain pareidolia. One is that it is a survival mechanism. The lives of our ancestors often turned to ____2____ (distinguish) quickly between friends and enemies, so our brains adapted to detect faces everywhere. In 2014, Dr. Kang Lee, a scientist at the University of Toronto in Canada who studies how young people’s brains work, ____3____ (propose) a different theory. He said that seeing faces in everyday objects is the result of the brain communicating that information back to ____4____. The brain, in fact, imagines a face and “tells” the eyes to see it. Dr Lee scanned the people’s brains while showing them a series of grainy images, some of ____5____ contained hidden faces. He then asked the participants, “Do you see a face?” Once they were asked the question, people answered yes 34% of the time, ____6____ there was no face. What’s more, if participants reported seeing a face, the visual cortex of their brain-the part of the brain which functions ____7____ (process) information from the eyes-lit up. Dr. Lee concluded that a lot of things we see in the world ____8____ (create) not by our sight but by our minds. ____9____ you know some of the tricks your mind can play, why not take another look up at the clouds and see what you can find? Perhaps a camel or a fox will emerge — or maybe you’ll see someone you know, ____10____ (recognize) in the soft, floating shapes above. And who knows? Maybe you’ll come up with something entirely new. 【答案】1. in 2. distinguishing 3. proposed 4. itself 5. which 6. though##although##while 7. to process 8. are created 9. Because##Since 10. recognized 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“空想性错视”这一心理现象，解释其成因并展示相关科学研究结论。 【1题详解】 考查介词。句意：如果你有过这种经历，那你并不孤单。此处为固定搭配in good company，意为“与众人一样、并不孤单”，所以用介词in。故填in。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的祖先的生存常常依赖于能迅速区分朋友和敌人，因此大脑进化出到处识别人脸的能力。此处位于固定短语turn to后，to为介词，后接动名词形式，所以用distinguishing。故填distinguishing。 【3题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：2014年，加拿大多伦多大学研究青少年大脑运作的科学家李康博士提出了另一种理论。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语In 2014可知，描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，所以用proposed。故填proposed。 【4题详解】 考查代词。句意：他表示，在日常物品中看到人脸是大脑将信息回传给自身的结果。此处指代the brain，表示“它自己”，所以用反身代词itself。故填itself。 【5题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：李博士给受试者观看一系列模糊图像，其中一些隐藏着人脸，同时扫描他们的大脑。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词images指物，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以用关系代词which。故填which。 【6题详解】 考查连词。句意：一旦被问到这个问题，即使没有人脸，人们也有34%的概率回答看到了。此处表示让步关系，意为“即使、虽然”，所以用连词though/although/while。故填though/although/while。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，如果受试者称看到人脸，他们大脑中负责处理眼部信息的视觉皮层就会被激活。此处为固定搭配function to do sth.，意为“起……作用、用于做某事”，所以用动词不定式to process作宾语。故填to process。 【8题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：李博士得出结论：“我们在世界上看到的很多事物并非由视觉造就，而是由大脑创造。”此处为谓语动词，描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语a lot of things与create为被动关系，且主语为名词复数，所以用are created。故填are created。 【9题详解】 考查连词。句意：既然/因为你知道了大脑会玩的一些小把戏，不妨再抬头看看云朵，看看能发现什么。此处表示原因，意为“既然，因为”，引导原因状语从句，且位于句首，首字母大写，所以用连词Because/Since。故填Because/Since。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：或许会浮现出一只骆驼或狐狸，又或许你会在上方柔软漂浮的形状中认出某个认识的人。此处为非谓语动词，someone与recognize为被动关系，所以用过去分词recognized表被动。故填recognized。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. access B. address C. competence D. considerable E. exposure F. hazardous G. idealized H. normalize I. safeguard J. prioritize K. vital Social media: A double-edged Sword for Adolescents Social media is offering significant opportunities alongside critical challenges. On the positive side, social platforms provide spaces for self-expression and meaningful connections. Adolescents can ____11____ mental health resources online, engage in supportive communities, and share personal stories. These interactions ____12____ conversations around mental health, reduce unfair labels, and encourage help-seeking behaviors. However, these advantages are counterbalanced by ____13____ risks. Cyberbullying, social comparison, and the fear of missing out are widespread issues on most platforms. They often lead to heightened anxiety, depression, and weakened self-esteem among teenagers. The ____14____ lifestyle images shown online frequently make adolescents feel excluded from their social circles. Too much screen time and ____15____ to harmful content further worsen the situation, damaging their sleep quality, academic performance, and face-to-face social interactions. Adolescents with existing mental health conditions face even greater risks due to online discrimination and a lack of proper guidance. To ____16____ these problems, a collective effort from policymakers, educators, parents and platform designers is greatly needed. Policymakers should establish clear regulations to ____17____ adolescents online, including stricter age checks and limits on harmful content. International cooperation is also necessary to create unified rules for global social platforms. Educational institutions play a(n) ____18____ role in helping adolescents use social media responsibly. Schools can empower students to critically evaluate online content and manage screen time by integrating digital ____19____ and mental health education into school curricula. Schools can also set up peer support groups and offer counselling services to deal with related challenges early. Parents should stay actively involved in their children’s digital lives by setting clear boundaries and communicating openly. Most importantly, social media platforms must _____20_____ user well-being in their designs. They can provide mental health support tools, content reminders and balanced usage guidance to protect young users. With joint efforts from all sides, society can make social media a positive force for the healthy mental development of adolescents. 【答案】11. A 12. H 13. D 14. G 15. E 16. B 17. I 18. K 19. C 20. J 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章讨论了社交媒体的利与弊，说明它是青少年的双刃剑。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：青少年可以在网上获得心理健康资源，加入互助社群，并分享个人故事。结合“在线资源、获取使用”的语境，此处表示“获取、使用”，应选access，情态动词can后接动词原形，故选A。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些互动使围绕心理健康的对话常态化，减少偏见，并鼓励求助行为。结合“减少标签、鼓励求助”的语境，此处表示“使常态化、正常化”，应选normalize，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式，故选H。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，这些优势被相当大的风险所抵消。结合“网络欺凌、社交攀比等普遍问题”的语境，此处表示“相当大的、大量的”，应选considerable，修饰名词risks，故选D。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：网上展示的理想化生活图片常常让青少年觉得自己被社交圈排斥。结合“线上生活画面、让人感到被排挤”的语境，此处表示“理想化的”，应选idealized，修饰名词lifestyle images，故选G。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：过多的屏幕时间以及接触有害内容进一步恶化了这种状况。结合“有害内容、负面影响”的语境，此处表示“接触、暴露”，应选exposure，与screen time并列作主语，故选E。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：为解决这些问题，亟需政策制定者、教育工作者、家长和平台设计者共同努力。结合“问题、共同努力应对”的语境，此处表示“处理、解决”，应选address，不定式to后接动词原形，故选B。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：政策制定者应制定明确法规来保护青少年上网安全。结合“严格年龄审核、限制有害内容”的语境，此处表示“保护、捍卫”，应选safeguard，不定式to后接动词原形，故选I。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：教育机构在帮助青少年负责任地使用社交媒体方面发挥至关重要的作用。结合“学校教育、培养能力”的语境，此处表示“至关重要的、关键的”，应选vital，修饰名词role，故选K。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：学校可通过将数字素养与心理健康教育融入课程，培养学生批判性评估网络内容、管理屏幕时间的能力。结合“数字能力、课程内容”的语境，此处表示“能力、素养”，应选competence，故选C。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：最重要的是，社交媒体平台必须在设计中优先考虑用户福祉。结合“提供健康工具、使用指导”的语境，此处表示“优先处理、把…… 放在首位”，应选prioritize，情态动词must后接动词原形，故选J。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. As the holiday season draws near, one category on people’s gift lists is causing increasing concern: products with artificial intelligence. The development has raised new concerns about the dangers smart toys could pose to ____21____, as consumer advocacy groups say AI could harm kids’ safety and development. The trend has ____22____ calls for increased testing of such products and governmental oversight. Last month, those fears were given disturbing ____23____ when an AI-equipped teddy bear started discussing topics inappropriate for children. The product, FoloToy’s Kumma, ran on an AI model and suggested role play as ways to enhance a relationship, according to the Public Interest Research Group (PIRG), the consumer protection organization behind the study. “It took very little effort to get it to go into all kinds of ____24____ topics; and probably a lot of content that parents would not want their children to ____25____,” said Teresa Murray, PIRG director. Murray said AI toys could be particularly dangerous because whereas earlier smart toys provided children-programmed responses, a bot can “have a free-flowing conversation with a child and there are no ____26____”. Companies also use the AI toys to collect ____27____ from children and have not been open about what they are doing with that information. That potentially puts users ____28____ because of a lack of security around such data. ____29____ such concerns, the Public Interest Research Group is not calling for a ban on AI toys. Some could have ____30____ value, such as helping children learn a second language or state capitals. There needs to be more independent research conducted to ensure the products are safe for children and, until that is done, they should be ____31____ shelves, Murray said. AI toys are being marketed to families as safe and even beneficial to learning before their impact has been ____32____ by independent research. By contrast, ____33____ teddy bears and toys have been proven to benefit children’s development with none of the risks of AI toys. Mattel, a toy company, stated that they are concerned about “the impact of AI toys on ____34____ mental health” and that “its first products with AI are not intended for users under 13”, adding: “AI enhances — not ____35____ — traditional play, and we are emphasizing safety, privacy, creativity and responsible innovation.” 21. A. companies B. schools C. seniors D. children 22. A. generated B. answered C. avoided D. delayed 23. A. imagination B. justification C. hesitation D. assumption 24. A. academic B. attractive C. sensitive D. technical 25. A. be opposed to B. be exposed to C. be related to D. be applied to 26. A. advantages B. connections C. boundaries D. resources 27. A. data B. feedback C. prizes D. opinions 28. A. at ease B. at length C. at risk D. at fault 29. A. Beyond B. Besides C. Despite D. Unlike 30. A. commercial B. educational C. geometric D. geographic 31. A. taken on B. sent off C. pulled from D. wiped off 32. A. assessed B. witnessed C. replaced D. overlooked 33. A. antique B. expensive C. electronic D. offline 34. A. masses’ B. minors’ C. majors’ D. majorities’ 35. A. replaces B. reserves C. resolves D. reverses 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍AI玩具存在安全隐患，引发各界担忧并呼吁加强监管。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一发展引发了人们对智能玩具可能对儿童构成危险的新担忧，因为消费者权益保护组织表示，人工智能可能会危害儿童的安全和发展。A. companies公司；B. schools学校；C. seniors老年人；D. children儿童。根据下文“as consumer advocacy groups say AI could harm kids’ safety and development”可知，消费者权益保护组织表示，人工智能可能会危害儿童的安全和发展，因此这里表示智能玩具可能对儿童造成危害。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一趋势引发了人们对增加此类产品测试和政府监管的呼吁。A. generated产生，引发；B. answered回答；C. avoided避免；D. delayed推迟。根据上文“The development has raised new concerns”可知，这一发展引发了新的担忧，担忧引发了加强监管的呼吁。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：上个月，当一只配备人工智能的泰迪熊开始讨论不适合儿童的话题时，这些担忧得到了令人不安的证实。A. imagination想象；B. justification正当理由，证实；C. hesitation犹豫；D. assumption假设。根据下文“when an AI-equipped teddy bear started discussing topics inappropriate for children”可知，玩具出现不当内容，担忧被具体事例所证实。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：美国公共利益研究集团主任Teresa Murray说:“让它进入各种敏感话题非常容易；可能还有很多父母不希望孩子接触到的内容。”A. academic学术的；B. attractive吸引人的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. technical技术的。根据下文“probably a lot of content that parents would not want their children to”可知，父母不愿孩子接触的内容，应指敏感话题。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：美国公共利益研究集团主任Teresa Murray说:“让它进入各种敏感话题非常容易；可能还有很多父母不希望孩子接触到的内容。”A. be opposed to反对；B. be exposed to接触，暴露于；C. be related to与……有关；D. be applied to应用于。根据上文“an AI-equipped teddy bear started discussing topics inappropriate for children”及“It took very little effort to get it to go into all kinds of topics”可知，家长不愿孩子接触不适内容。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Murray说，人工智能玩具可能特别危险，因为早期的智能玩具为孩子们提供编程好的反应，而机器人可以“和孩子自由流畅地交谈，而且没有界限”。A. advantages优势；B. connections连接；C. boundaries界限；D. resources资源。根据上文“whereas earlier smart toys provided children-programmed responses, a bot can “have a free-flowing conversation with a child”可知，与“programmed responses”相比，人工智能玩具对话无预设限制。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：公司还使用人工智能玩具从儿童那里收集数据，并且没有公开他们如何处理这些信息。A. data数据；B. feedback反馈；C. prizes奖品；D. opinions意见。根据下文“what they are doing with that information”及“because of a lack of security around such data”可知，此处指人工智能玩具收集数据。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于缺乏此类数据的安全性，这可能会让用户面临风险。A. at ease舒适；B. at length详细地；C. at risk处于危险中；D. at fault有过错。根据下文“because of a lack of security around such data”可知，数据缺乏安全保护，用户面临风险。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管存在这些担忧，公共利益研究集团并没有呼吁禁止人工智能玩具。A. Beyond超出；B. Besides除了；C. Despite尽管；D. Unlike不像。根据上文“That potentially puts users because of a lack of security around such data.”及下文“the Public Interest Research Group is not calling for a ban on AI toys”可知，前后为让步关系，尽管有担忧，但未要求禁令。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些可能具有教育价值，比如帮助孩子学习第二语言或州首府。A. commercial商业的；B. educational教育的；C. geometric几何的；D. geographic地理的。根据下文“such as helping children learn a second language or state capitals”可知，学习语言和首府属于教育价值。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Murray说，需要进行更多独立研究，以确保这些产品对儿童安全，在完成这些研究之前，应该将它们从货架上撤下。A. taken on呈现；B. sent off寄出；C. pulled from从……撤出；D. wiped off擦去。根据上文“There needs to be more independent research conducted to ensure the products are safe for children”可知，在安全确认前，产品应从货架上撤下。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人工智能玩具在其影响尚未经过独立研究评估之前，就以安全、甚至有益于学习的名义向家庭推销。A. assessed评估；B. witnessed见证；C. replaced代替；D. overlooked忽视。根据上文“There needs to be more independent research conducted to ensure the products are safe for children”可知，需要进行更多独立研究，以确保这些产品对儿童安全，这里表示产品影响需被评估。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，非人工智能的泰迪熊和玩具已经被证明有益于儿童的发展，而且没有人工智能玩具的风险。A. antique古老的；B. expensive昂贵的；C. electronic电子的；D. offline离线的，非智能的。根据上文“AI toys are being marketed to families as safe and even beneficial to learning before their impact has been assessed by independent research”可知，与人工智能玩具相对，指传统非联网玩具。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查名词所有格辨析。句意：玩具公司Mattel表示，他们担心“人工智能玩具对未成年人心理健康的影响”，并表示“其首批人工智能产品并非面向13岁以下用户”。A. masses’大众的；B. minors’未成年人的；C. majors’主修的；D. majorities’大多数的。根据下文“its first products with AI are not intended for users under 13”及全文围绕儿童玩具展开可知，其首批人工智能产品并非面向13岁以下用户，这里表示他们担心人工智能玩具对未成年人的影响。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人工智能增强而非取代传统游戏，我们强调安全、隐私、创造力和负责任的创新。A. replaces代替，取代；B. reserves保留；C. resolves解决；D. reverses反转。根据下文“traditional play, and we are emphasizing safety, privacy, creativity and responsible innovation”可知，我们强调安全、隐私、创造力和负责任的创新，人工智能是增强而非替代传统玩耍方式。故选A。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A new study has revealed that the Greenland ice cap is melting far faster than previously thought, as satellite data show widespread ice loss over the past four decades. Using artificial intelligence to analyse satellite photos from 1985 to 2022, researchers mapped the end positions of more than 235,000 glaciers(冰川) around the island. This unusual dataset showed that almost every glacier has become smaller in recent decades, losing an area of about 5,000 sq km of ice-equivalent to a trillion tonnes. The study, published in Nature, adds significant new insight to earlier measurements based on ice height or gravity data, which could only detect losses that ended up in the ocean. By identifying the withdrawal of glaciers lying mostly below sea level in Greenland’s narrow fjords (峡湾), the researchers uncovered an additional and previously unaccounted source of ice loss. Dr Chad Greene, at Nasa’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, who led the research, described the changes as “tremendous and happening everywhere.” When the team combined their findings with existing measurements of the Greenland ice sheet, they found the total annual loss of ice since 2003 reached about 264bn tonnes — roughly 30m tonnes every hour. The new data show an increase of 43bn tonnes a year compared with earlier estimates, or about 20% more than previously thought. The implications, scientists warn, are alarming. As Greenland’s glaciers withdraw and release vast quantities of freshwater into the North Atlantic, they may speed up the weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) — a system of ocean currents that regulates global climate. The AMOC is already at its weakest point in 1,600 years, and recent research has indicated it could collapse as soon as 2027 in a worst-case situation. Such a collapse would disrupt global weather patterns, damage ecosystems, and threaten food security worldwide. “There is some concern that any small source of freshwater may serve as a ‘tipping point’ that could trigger a full-scale collapse of the AMOC,” the scientists said. Yet freshwater from Greenland’s glacier withdrawal is not currently included in oceanographic models. The inflow of less salty freshwater slows the normal sinking of heavier, saltier water in the polar region — the engine that drives the AMOC. The findings suggest that Greenland’s hidden ice loss may play a far greater role in the stability of Earth’s climate system than once imagined. 36. What is the main purpose of the article? A. To promote the growing use of AI in environmental science research. B. To report a study revealing faster Greenland ice loss and its global impact. C. To criticize the inaccuracy of previous ice loss measurements in Greenland. D. To describe how scientists discovered a new form of glacier below sea level 37. What can be inferred about previous methods of measuring ice loss? A. They ignored surface melting entirely. B. They overestimated Greenland’s total ice loss. C. They were more accurate than satellite imagery. D. They underestimated losses occurring below sea level. 38. The underlined word “implications” in the 3rd paragraph refers to ______. A. the new measurements of the Greenland ice sheet B. the consequences of faster Greenland ice loss C. the methods used to analyze satellite data D. the warnings from scientists about climate change 39. Which diagram best illustrates the process of AMOC weakening described in the passage? A. Glacier melting → Freshwater inflow → Ocean temperature↑ → AMOC weakening B. Glacial freshwater input→ Ocean saltiness↓—Sinking of salty water↓→ AMOC weakening C. Ocean saltiness↓ → Ice loss data ↑→ Scientist warnings → AMOC weakening D. Ice height measurement↓ → Gravity data↑ → Ocean model error → AMOC weakening 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. B 39. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了新研究借助 AI 分析卫星数据，发现格陵兰冰川融化速度远超以往预估。此前研究存在数据遗漏，大量淡水汇入或削弱关键洋流，严重威胁全球气候与生态稳定。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“A new study has revealed that the Greenland ice cap is melting far faster than previously thought, as satellite data show widespread ice loss over the past four decades. Using artificial intelligence to analyse satellite photos from 1985 to 2022, researchers mapped the end positions of more than 235,000 glaciers(冰川) around the island. This unusual dataset showed that almost every glacier has become smaller in recent decades, losing an area of about 5,000 sq km of ice-equivalent to a trillion tonnes.( 一项新的研究揭示，格陵兰岛的冰盖融化速度远超此前的预期，卫星数据表明，在过去四十年间，该地区普遍出现了冰层流失的情况。研究人员利用人工智能技术分析了1985年至2022年的卫星照片，绘制出了该岛周围超过23.5万个冰川的最终位置图。这一独特的数据集显示，近几十年来，几乎每一条冰川都变小了，流失的冰面积约为5000平方公里，相当于约一万亿吨的冰量。)”可知，文章开篇点明新研究发现格陵兰冰盖融化速度远超预期，介绍AI分析卫星数据得出的冰层流失数据，补充以往测量的不足，最后重点阐述冰川大量融化对全球洋流AMOC及地球气候的严重影响。由此可知，这篇文章的主要目的是报道一项揭示格陵兰冰川加速融化及其全球影响的研究。故选B项。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The study, published in Nature, adds significant new insight to earlier measurements based on ice height or gravity data, which could only detect losses that ended up in the ocean. By identifying the withdrawal of glaciers lying mostly below sea level in Greenland’s narrow fjords (峡湾), the researchers uncovered an additional and previously unaccounted source of ice loss.( 这项发表在《自然》杂志上的研究为此前基于冰层高度或重力数据的测量结果提供了重要的新见解，这些测量结果只能检测最终流入海洋的冰流失量。通过识别格陵兰岛狭窄峡湾中大多位于海平面以下的冰川的消退情况，研究人员发现了另一个此前未被考虑的冰层流失源。)”可知，以往方法只能检测最终流入海洋的冰流失，完全遗漏了海平面以下峡湾冰川退缩造成的冰流失，因此低估了总冰流失量。故选D项。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“When the team combined their findings with existing measurements of the Greenland ice sheet, they found the total annual loss of ice since 2003 reached about 264bn tonnes-roughly 30m tonnes every hour. The new data show an increase of 43bn tonnes a year compared with earlier estimates, or about 20% more than previously thought.( 当研究团队将他们的研究成果与格陵兰冰盖现有的测量数据相结合后，他们发现自2003年以来格陵兰冰层每年的总消融量达到了约 2640 亿吨——大约每小时 3000 万吨。新的数据表明，与之前的估计相比，每年的冰量增加量为 430 亿吨，即比之前认为的多出约 20%)”可知，第三段先给出惊人的冰流失数据：每年流失2640亿吨，比之前估计多 20%，紧接着说“…scientists warn, are alarming(科学家们警告说，这种implications令人担忧)”，下文随即展开介绍冰盖融化对全球气候的严重后果。由此可知，implications 在此语境中意为“可能的影响、后果”。B选项the consequences of faster Greenland ice loss“格陵兰冰川加速融化所带来的后果”符合语境。故选B项。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yet freshwater from Greenland’s glacier withdrawal is not currently included in oceanographic models. The inflow of less salty freshwater slows the normal sinking of heavier, saltier water in the polar region-the engine that drives the AMOC.( 然而，格陵兰岛冰川消退带来的淡水目前尚未被纳入海洋学模型中。较淡的淡水流入会减缓极地地区较重、含盐量较高的海水的正常下沉过程——这是驱动大西洋经向翻转环流的动力源。)”可知，完整逻辑链为：格陵兰冰川融化→大量淡水汇入北大西洋→海水盐度降低→极地高盐重水的正常下沉速度减慢→AMOC 的动力来源减弱→AMOC 整体弱化。B选项：冰川淡水输入→海水盐度下降→高盐海水下沉减弱→AMOC 减弱，与原文逻辑链条完全一致。故选B项。 (B) This research examines what makes ideas creative across country-language groups, what cognitive processes lead to more creative ideas, and how successfully students can think creatively in multiple tasks, as well as the characteristics of high-performing students. * What makes “creative ideas” creative? Creative ideas tend to be highly appropriate, original and valuable across country-language contexts. However, judges’ appropriateness, originality and value scores don’t fully explain their overall evaluations of the creativity of students’ responses, accounting for around 66% of the variation in overall creativity scores on average. * Which tasks led to more creative ideas on the test? Some of the tasks in the test asked students to come up with two or three ideas for a given situation that were as different as possible. Although the task instructions did not instruct students to think of creative ideas in these tasks, around 1 in 2 students managed to come up with at least one creative idea in their response. In fact, students were more successful in thinking of creative ideas in the open-ended thinking tasks than when asked to generate a single original idea, with only 1 in 4 student responses evaluated as creative in those tasks. Such tasks can thus encourage creative idea generation and help students practice their thinking skills. Cultural norms and expectations can influence students’ capacity to engage in creative work. Unsurprisingly, across all country-language groups in the study, students found it relatively easier to come up with appropriate ideas across tasks than original and valuable ideas. Students also consistently demonstrated a relative weakness in coming up with original ideas, which was particularly evident in some countries. * Are girls really better than boys in creative thinking? Girls consistently scored higher than boys in the creative thinking tasks — across country-language groups, task types and scoring method — suggesting it is a relatively reliable finding that is not driven by any single scoring method, task feature, or abnormal sample. Girls’ greater engagement with the test, in general, may go some way to explain this result. 40. This passage would most probably be taken from ______. A. a college teaching journal B. a daily educational newspaper C. a psychology research website D. a guidebook for creative writing 41. Which of the following might be the missing subtitle? A. Are there cross-cultural differences in creativity? B. What type of creativity are students poor at? C. Are some types of ideas easier to generate than others? D. What shapes students’ capability to create ideas? 42. Which of the following may account for girls’ higher performance in the test? A. A stable in-born edge in basic creative thinking. B. A generally higher level of active test participation. C. A clearer personal grasp of official marked rules. D. A richer practical background in designed grouped drills 【答案】40. C 41. A 42. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了一项关于创意想法特点、任务影响、跨文化差异及性别表现的研究结果。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“This research examines what makes ideas creative across country-language groups, what cognitive processes lead to more creative ideas, and how successfully students can think creatively in multiple tasks, as well as the characteristics of high-performing students.(这项研究考察了是什么让跨国家语言群体的想法具有创造性，什么认知过程导致了更具创造性的想法，学生在多项任务中如何成功地进行创造性思考，以及高绩效学生的特点)”以及What makes “creative ideas” creative?部分“However, judges’ appropriateness, originality and value scores don’t fully explain their overall evaluations of the creativity of students’ responses, accounting for around 66% of the variation in overall creativity scores on average.(然而，评委的恰当性、原创性和价值得分并不能完全解释他们对学生反应创造力的总体评价，平均约占总体创造力得分变化的66%)”可知，文章围绕一项关于创造力的研究展开，包含研究方法、数据结果和结论，符合心理学研究网站的学术性和研究导向特征。故选C项。 【41题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Cultural norms and expectations can influence students’ capacity to engage in creative work. Unsurprisingly, across all country-language groups in the study, students found it relatively easier to come up with appropriate ideas across tasks than original and valuable ideas.(文化规范和期望会影响学生从事创造性工作的能力。不出所料，在研究中的所有国家语言群体中，学生发现在任务中提出适当的想法比提出原创和有价值的想法相对容易)”可知，本段指向跨文化差异对创造力的影响，因此缺失的小标题最可能是“Are there cross-cultural differences in creativity?(创造力是否存在跨文化差异？)”。故选A项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据Are girls really better than boys in creative thinking?部分“Girls’ greater engagement with the test, in general, may go some way to explain this result.(总的来说，女孩们对考试的更多参与可能在一定程度上解释了这一结果)”可知，女孩成绩更高的原因是对测试的更高参与度。故选B项。 (C) One of the children, probably inspired by a movie, used a stick to draw a “treasure map” in the sand pit (沙坑). Other children gathered around as he told the story of what “treasure” is, what a “map” is, and the adventure on which they were about to go. The treasure, he explained, was a chest full of gold and jewels. Some of the kids wanted to know what a chest was. Others wondered, knowing it was all imaginary, why the treasure couldn’t be ice cream or toys. The concept of the map was difficult. Although he assured the crew that treasure was buried somewhere on the playground, the map included a coconut tree and giant rocks. “Let’s pick some coconuts when we get there,” shouted one pirate. “Pirate,” in this case, had been defined as “guys who go around and find treasure.” These scenes are the gold standard of play-based learning. I’m sure there are many preschool educators who would have felt forced, in the name of learning, to step in with corrections and clarifications, or worse. In a moment, we see the children turn away from one another, away from their own questions, explorations, assumptions, and conclusions based on dialogue and agreement. They are now relying on the adult for questions and answers, rather than continuing to engage in the highest pursuit of human intellectual effort. There are those who would argue that this game is, at best, a waste of time, that these children playing their fantastical games of imagination, getting the facts wrong, playing with wrong ideas, and even spreading them amongst themselves, may be learning, but that it’s false knowledge that will somehow have to be undone. But that, I think, is a misunderstanding of what play is all about, and, for that matter, what learning is all about. The birth of the universe and the nature of space and time are every bit as much mysteries to physicists as treasure maps and pirates are to these preschoolers. What drives scientists is the same thing that drives playing children: they are motivated by the mystery, by their own questions, and by the freedom to seek answers. Too often, educators, in our commitment to facts, truth and teaching, take over the learning by providing shortcuts to answers, eliminating the mystery that has driven humans since the beginning of time. We forget that getting it wrong is every bit as important to this process as being right. The job in life is not to know stuff, but rather to figure stuff out so that we will then know. And we get there through play. 43. Why does the writer mention the “treasure map” in the 1st paragraph? A. To present a typical example of play-based learning. B. To introduce a popular game among young children. C. To show kids’ creative ideas about treasure and pirates. D. To explain different kinds of outdoor playground activities. 44. According to the passage, what is a possible result of the stepping in of the preschool teachers? A. A deeper understanding of facts and a more efficient learning process. B. The successful integration of imagination-based games into formal curricula. C. A shift from self-directed exploration to adult-dependent knowledge acquisition D. The immediate correction of false concepts and elimination of misunderstandings. 45. What can be inferred about the author’s attitude toward traditional educators? A. He hopes they are as motivated as physicists are. B. He admires their commitment to providing correct facts. C. He thinks they should participate more in children’s games. D. He worries they might unintentionally kill children’s curiosity. 46. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? A. How to Draw a Perfect Treasure Map B. Play: The Highest Pursuit of Learning C. Why Facts Matter Most in Preschools D. Insight: The Myth of Games in Education 【答案】43. A 44. C 45. D 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍儿童玩寻宝游戏的场景体现游戏化学习，作者批判成人过度干预，指出玩耍是学习的核心方式。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“These scenes are the gold standard of play-based learning.(这些场景是游戏化学习的最佳典范。)”可知，作者提及“藏宝图”是为了呈现游戏化学习的典型例子。故选A项。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I’m sure there are many preschool educators who would have felt forced, in the name of learning, to step in with corrections and clarifications, or worse. In a moment, we see the children turn away from one another, away from their own questions, explorations, assumptions, and conclusions based on dialogue and agreement. They are now relying on the adult for questions and answers, rather than continuing to engage in the highest pursuit of human intellectual effort.(我敢肯定，有很多学前教育工作者会感到被迫，以学习的名义，介入纠正和澄清，或者更糟。很快，我们就会看到孩子们彼此疏远，远离他们自己的问题、探索、假设以及基于对话和共识得出的结论。他们现在依赖成年人提出问题和给出答案，而不是继续投身于人类智力努力的最高追求。)”可知，学前教师介入会让孩子从自主探索转向依赖成人获取知识。故选C项。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Too often, educators, in our commitment to facts, truth and teaching, take over the learning by providing shortcuts to answers, eliminating the mystery that has driven humans since the beginning of time.(教育者往往出于对事实、真理和教学的执着，通过提供答案捷径来接管学习过程，消除了自人类诞生以来驱动我们的神秘感。)”可知，作者担心传统教育者会无意中扼杀孩子的好奇心。故选D项。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“What drives scientists is the same thing that drives playing children: they are motivated by the mystery, by their own questions, and by the freedom to seek answers. And we get there through play.(驱动科学家的动力与驱动玩耍儿童的动力是一样的：他们被神秘感、自身的问题以及寻求答案的自由所激励。而我们正是通过玩耍来实现这一点的。)”可知，文章围绕游戏化学习展开，强调玩耍不是无意义的娱乐，而是人类探索与学习的最高形式，核心观点为玩耍是学习的最高追求，所以“Play: The Highest Pursuit of Learning”最能概括全文核心，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Dancing into Middle Age By my early 40s, I had exhausted all the hobbies that were supposed to make me feel better about entering middle age. I had started learning a new language, launched myself into an unsuccessful pursuit of a craft only to collect a pile of handmade books, and given yoga a second chance. And then, at the height of my low-grade desperation, I decided to sign up for a ballet class. Not being flexible, I could see how I didn’t exactly look like prospective ballerina (芭蕾舞女演员) material. ____47____ I needed confirmation that my body was capable of movement and grace. And though I’d expected my classes to be physically demanding and my muscles to ache, I hadn’t anticipated that my teacher’s command to”take up more space” would change my way of being in the world. My teacher reminded me that ballet isn’t about perfection. ____48____ Slowly, I started becoming more comfortable with the body I saw staring back at me in the mirror. My posture still needs improving and my jumps are never as high as they feel. But the idea that my body hasn’t become fixed and that it’s still a work in progress encourages me. ____49____ Instead of noticing only the beginnings of older age arriving, I now marvel at the changes I’ve seen as I’ve learned to stand with more confidence and courage. As for the imperfections? They’ re part of being alive. Eight years into my ballet classes, I’m what you would call a lifelong advanced beginner. ____50____ Why do I continue? Because when I do my daily ballet class, I focus on my breathing and move my body in ways that always challenge me and remind me of everything that is possible. Recently, my teacher taught us a beginner-appropriate version of the dance from Sleeping Beauty. As I stood in my living room, balancing unsteadily on my toes and dancing for nobody but myself, I felt every inch a ballerina. A. Every move made by me then invited my teacher’s critical evaluation. B. If anything, ballet is forcing me to rethink my relationship with my body. C. But I was determined to give it a try. D. Rather, he said, it’s about striving for perfection. E. I nearly injured myself the one time I tried to lift my leg onto the desk in an attempt to stretch. F. At the age of 50, I am finally a ballerina, though not the kind that anybody would pay money to see on stage. 【答案】47. C 48. D 49. B 50. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了步入中年的作者尝试多种爱好后开始学习芭蕾。尽管先天条件不足，她坚持练习，重新接纳自我、摆脱年龄焦虑，在舞蹈中收获自信，找到了独特的人生价值。 【47题详解】 上文“Not being flexible, I could see how I didn’t exactly look like prospective ballerina (芭蕾舞女演员) material.(由于身体不够灵活，我能明显看出自己并不具备成为芭蕾舞女演员的条件。)”点明作者的劣势 —— 身体僵硬，完全没有芭蕾舞者的先天条件；下文“I needed confirmation that my body was capable of movement and grace.(我需要确认自己的身体能够进行运动并展现出优雅的姿态。)”转折说明她内心的渴望：想要证明自己的身体依然可以拥有灵动与优雅。C选项“But I was determined to give it a try.(但我决心要尝试一下。)”用 But形成强烈转折，完美衔接“先天不足”与“决心尝试”的心理转变，贴合语境。故选C项。 【48题详解】 上文“My teacher reminded me that ballet isn’t about perfection.(我的老师提醒我，芭蕾舞并非追求完美。)”是老师的观点“芭蕾不在于完美”，需要一个承接的句子来补充老师的完整看法。D选项Rather, he said, it’s about striving for perfection.( 相反，他说，这是关于追求完美。)可知，not...rather...（不是……而是……）是经典的转折衔接结构，精准对应前句的否定，完整还原了老师的教学理念。故选D项。 【49题详解】 上文“But the idea that my body hasn’t become fixed and that it’s still a work in progress encourages me.(但那个我的身体还没有固定下来，它仍处于不断发展的状态这一想法激励着我。)”讲芭蕾让作者意识到“身体没有定型，仍在成长”；下文“Instead of noticing only the beginnings of older age arriving, I now marvel at the changes I’ve seen as I’ve learned to stand with more confidence and courage.(我不再只是留意衰老迹象的出现，而是惊叹于自己所见证的种种变化。随着我学会了更加自信和勇敢地站立，我看到了这一切的变化。)”讲她的心态变化：不再焦虑衰老，反而收获了自信与勇气。B选项“If anything, ballet is forcing me to rethink my relationship with my body.( 如果说有什么不同的话，那就是芭蕾迫使我重新思考我和我身体的关系。)”承上启下，既总结了芭蕾对作者身体认知的改变，又自然引出下文的心态转变，是全文的核心过渡句。故选B项。 【50题详解】 上文“Eight years into my ballet classes, I’m what you would call a lifelong advanced beginner.(在参加芭蕾舞课程的第八个年头里，我算是一个“终身高级初学者”了。)”自嘲“学了八年，依然是终身进阶初学者”；下文“Why do I continue?(为什么我还要继续呢？)”自问“我为什么还要坚持”。F选项“At the age of 50, I am finally a ballerina, though not the kind that anybody would pay money to see on stage.(在我50岁的时候，我终于成为了一名芭蕾舞演员，虽然不是那种任何人都愿意花钱在舞台上看的演员。)”承接“业余学习者”的身份，点明芭蕾对作者的真正意义：不是成为专业舞者，而是成为自己心中的舞者，为下文解释坚持的理由做了完美铺垫。故选F项。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Neighbourly Strangers The traditional British “community spirit” was once the foundation of local life, but today it is in a steady decline. A recent survey shows a cold picture of modern residential streets, where nearly 70% of respondents view their neighbours as virtual strangers. Although people live close by, sharing fences and walls, this no longer translates into real social connection. We are sharing the same space, yet we have never been further apart in our hearts. These statistics highlight a calculated social avoidance. While sharing environments, over 70% of us stay unsure of neighbours’ names, with even fewer identifying their children. In the rush of modern life, two-thirds of people purposely ensure they go entire days without catching a glimpse of the person next door. In fact, many have become experts at timing their departures specifically to avoid the awkwardness of a brief “hello” in the hallway. Furthermore, meaningful interaction has become rare in modern society. Only a small number of people still socialize through dinner dates or communal barbecues. Despite the clear need for human connection, fewer than one in ten would consider organizing a street party. Instead, our interactions have become purely transactional; we might ask a neighbour to water our plants, but we often have no intention of returning the favor or building a lasting friendship. This social withdrawal has serious consequences, as collective disinterest is a primary driver of the loneliness epidemic in the UK. Isolation is no longer just a personal struggle; it has become a public health crisis that affects mental well-being. To bridge this gap, we desperately need innovative urban strategies and local initiatives to restore a sense of belonging. Only by turning back into true “neighbours” can we hope to cure the modern ache of being alone together. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The traditional British “community spirit” is declining, with neighbours becoming virtual strangers despite close proximity. Social avoidance is prevalent, and meaningful interactions are rare, leading to a loneliness epidemic. This isolation is a public health crisis affecting mental well-being, necessitating innovative strategies to restore a sense of belonging and combat loneliness. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国邻里之间关系日益疏远的现象及其后果。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①The traditional British “community spirit” was once the foundation of local life, but today it is in a steady decline. A recent survey shows a cold picture of modern residential streets, where nearly 70% of respondents view their neighbours as virtual strangers. ②These statistics highlight a calculated social avoidance. ③Furthermore, meaningful interaction has become rare in modern society. ④This social withdrawal has serious consequences, as collective disinterest is a primary driver of the loneliness epidemic in the UK. To bridge this gap, we desperately need innovative urban strategies and local initiatives to restore a sense of belonging. 2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行整合，说明邻里关系疏远的现象。第3要点说明邻里关系疏远的表现，第4要点说明邻里关系疏远的后果。 3.遣词造句 The traditional British “community spirit” is declining, with neighbours becoming virtual strangers despite close proximity. Social avoidance is prevalent, and meaningful interactions are rare, leading to a loneliness epidemic. This isolation is a public health crisis affecting mental well-being, necessitating innovative strategies to restore a sense of belonging and combat loneliness. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The traditional British “community spirit” is declining, with neighbours becoming virtual strangers despite close proximity. (运用了with的复合结构) 【高分句型2】Social avoidance is prevalent, and meaningful interactions are rare, leading to a loneliness epidemic.(运用了现在分词作状语) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 公园的管理方张贴了新告示，呼吁人们文明遛狗。(notice)(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The park management put up a new notice, appealing to people to walk their dogs in a civilized way. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“公园的管理方”用the park management，作主语；表示“张贴”用put up，句子描述过去的情况，用一般过去时，谓语用put的过去式put；表示“新告示”用a new notice；表示“呼吁人们做某事”用appeal to people to do sth.，appeal与逻辑主语the park management之间是主动关系，使用现在分词形式作状语；表示“文明遛狗”用walk their dogs in a civilized way。故翻译为：The park management put up a new notice, appealing to people to walk their dogs in a civilized way. 53. 他打小就对海洋充满好奇，长大后竟真的成为了一名水手。(curious)(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He was curious about the ocean from a young age, and when he grew up, he actually became a sailor. 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词、动词时态和状语从句。表示“他”用he，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写；表示“打小”用from a young age，作状语；表示“对……充满好奇”用be curious about，句子描述过去的习惯性动作，应用一般过去时，主语为he，be动词用was；表示“海洋”用the ocean；使用并列连词and连接并列句子，表示“长大后”使用when引导时间状语从句，从句主语he，“长大”grow up，动词使用过去式形式grew；表示“竟真的成为了”用actually become，动词使用过去式形式became；表示“一名水手”用a sailor。故翻译为He was curious about the ocean from a young age, and when he grew up, he actually became a sailor. 54. 推进市区老旧小区改造，既要扮靓城市“面子”，更要夯实民生“里子”。（upgrade）（汉译英） ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】To promote the upgrade of old residential areas in urban areas, we should not only beautify the city’s appearance but also consolidate the foundation of people’s livelihood. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词不定式、固定搭配。表示“推进”用promote，用不定式，作目的状语；表示“市区老旧小区改造”用the upgrade of old residential areas in urban areas，作promote的宾语；主语用we，表示“应该”用情态动词should；表示“既……又……”用both...and...；表示“扮靓城市‘面子’”用beautify the city’s appearance；表示“夯实民生‘里子’”用consolidate the foundation of people’s livelihood。故翻译为To promote the upgrade of old residential areas in urban areas, we should not only beautify the city’s appearance but also consolidate the foundation of people’s livelihood. 55. 随着全球经济一体化的加深，许多企业发现自己正陷入一种境地：过度扩张的风险往往超过了潜在的获利空间。(where)(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】With the deepening of global economic integration, many enterprises find themselves in a situation where the risks of excessive expansion often outweigh their potential profit margins. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语、名词短语、名词、定语从句。动词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子提示词可知，表示“随着全球经济一体化的加深”应为介词短语With the deepening of global economic integration；表示“许多企业”为名词many enterprises；表示“发现自己”应为动词短语find themselves；表示“陷入一种境地”应为介词短语in a situation，其中，“境地”为抽象地点名词situation，后接关系副词where引导的定语从句对situation的修饰，在该定语从句中，表示“过度扩张的风险”应为名词短语the risks of excessive expansion；表示“往往”为副词often；表示“超过了潜在的获利空间”应为动词短语outweigh their potential profit margins；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述一般事实，为一般现在时。故翻译为：With the deepening of global economic integration, many enterprises find themselves in a situation where the risks of excessive expansion often outweigh their potential profit margins. V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 学校英语报“成长与选择”专栏举办征文活动，请学生谈谈对“Live more; fear less.”这句话的理解。写一篇征文稿，在文中你必须： 1)简述你对这句话的理解； 2)结合一个具体事例加以说明； 注：文中不得出现考生姓名、学校等真实个人信息。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Live More; Fear Less The saying “Live more; fear less” conveys a simple but powerful message: we should embrace life bravely instead of being controlled by fear, so as to experience more and grow stronger. I once dared not speak English in public, worried about being laughed at for my pronunciation. This fear stopped me from joining English corners and communicating freely. Encouraged by my teacher, I decided to face my fear. I practiced pronunciation every morning and volunteered to speak in class. Though I made mistakes at first, I kept going. Gradually, I became confident and even won an English speech contest. This experience taught me that fear is the biggest barrier to a colorful life. Only by letting go of fear can we explore more possibilities and truly live a meaningful life. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生围绕“Live more; fear less.”这句话，简述理解并结合具体事例说明。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 勇敢地：bravely → courageously 经历：experience → undergo 担忧的：worried → anxious 障碍：barrier → obstacle 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The saying “Live more; fear less” conveys a simple but powerful message: we should embrace life bravely instead of being controlled by fear, so as to experience more and grow stronger. 拓展句：The saying “Live more; fear less” conveys a simple but powerful message: we should embrace life bravely instead of being controlled by fear so that we can experience more and grow stronger. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Though I made mistakes at first, I kept going. (运用了though引导的让步状语从句) 【高分句型2】This experience taught me that fear is the biggest barrier to a colorful life. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025学年第二学期高三命题指导研诊 英语样卷 考生注意： 1．考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2．本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题，左答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Seeing is Believing Have you ever looked up at clouds on a summer’s day and seen a face looking back at you? Or spotted the “man in the moon” smiling down at you at night? Or noticed eyes and a smile on the front of a car? If you have, you’re ____1____ good company. The name for this phenomenon — our ability to see meaningful images in random places or things — is paredolia. Seeing faces in everyday objects is one of its most common forms. Several theories have tried to explain pareidolia. One is that it is a survival mechanism. The lives of our ancestors often turned to ____2____ (distinguish) quickly between friends and enemies, so our brains adapted to detect faces everywhere. In 2014, Dr. Kang Lee, a scientist at the University of Toronto in Canada who studies how young people’s brains work, ____3____ (propose) a different theory. He said that seeing faces in everyday objects is the result of the brain communicating that information back to ____4____. The brain, in fact, imagines a face and “tells” the eyes to see it. Dr Lee scanned the people’s brains while showing them a series of grainy images, some of ____5____ contained hidden faces. He then asked the participants, “Do you see a face?” Once they were asked the question, people answered yes 34% of the time, ____6____ there was no face. What’s more, if participants reported seeing a face, the visual cortex of their brain-the part of the brain which functions ____7____ (process) information from the eyes-lit up. Dr. Lee concluded that a lot of things we see in the world ____8____ (create) not by our sight but by our minds. ____9____ you know some of the tricks your mind can play, why not take another look up at the clouds and see what you can find? Perhaps a camel or a fox will emerge — or maybe you’ll see someone you know, ____10____ (recognize) in the soft, floating shapes above. And who knows? Maybe you’ll come up with something entirely new. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. access B. address C. competence D. considerable E. exposure F. hazardous G. idealized H. normalize I. safeguard J. prioritize K. vital Social media: A double-edged Sword for Adolescents Social media is offering significant opportunities alongside critical challenges. On the positive side, social platforms provide spaces for self-expression and meaningful connections. Adolescents can ____11____ mental health resources online, engage in supportive communities, and share personal stories. These interactions ____12____ conversations around mental health, reduce unfair labels, and encourage help-seeking behaviors. However, these advantages are counterbalanced by ____13____ risks. Cyberbullying, social comparison, and the fear of missing out are widespread issues on most platforms. They often lead to heightened anxiety, depression, and weakened self-esteem among teenagers. The ____14____ lifestyle images shown online frequently make adolescents feel excluded from their social circles. Too much screen time and ____15____ to harmful content further worsen the situation, damaging their sleep quality, academic performance, and face-to-face social interactions. Adolescents with existing mental health conditions face even greater risks due to online discrimination and a lack of proper guidance. To ____16____ these problems, a collective effort from policymakers, educators, parents and platform designers is greatly needed. Policymakers should establish clear regulations to ____17____ adolescents online, including stricter age checks and limits on harmful content. International cooperation is also necessary to create unified rules for global social platforms. Educational institutions play a(n) ____18____ role in helping adolescents use social media responsibly. Schools can empower students to critically evaluate online content and manage screen time by integrating digital ____19____ and mental health education into school curricula. Schools can also set up peer support groups and offer counselling services to deal with related challenges early. Parents should stay actively involved in their children’s digital lives by setting clear boundaries and communicating openly. Most importantly, social media platforms must _____20_____ user well-being in their designs. They can provide mental health support tools, content reminders and balanced usage guidance to protect young users. With joint efforts from all sides, society can make social media a positive force for the healthy mental development of adolescents. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. As the holiday season draws near, one category on people’s gift lists is causing increasing concern: products with artificial intelligence. The development has raised new concerns about the dangers smart toys could pose to ____21____, as consumer advocacy groups say AI could harm kids’ safety and development. The trend has ____22____ calls for increased testing of such products and governmental oversight. Last month, those fears were given disturbing ____23____ when an AI-equipped teddy bear started discussing topics inappropriate for children. The product, FoloToy’s Kumma, ran on an AI model and suggested role play as ways to enhance a relationship, according to the Public Interest Research Group (PIRG), the consumer protection organization behind the study. “It took very little effort to get it to go into all kinds of ____24____ topics; and probably a lot of content that parents would not want their children to ____25____,” said Teresa Murray, PIRG director. Murray said AI toys could be particularly dangerous because whereas earlier smart toys provided children-programmed responses, a bot can “have a free-flowing conversation with a child and there are no ____26____”. Companies also use the AI toys to collect ____27____ from children and have not been open about what they are doing with that information. That potentially puts users ____28____ because of a lack of security around such data. ____29____ such concerns, the Public Interest Research Group is not calling for a ban on AI toys. Some could have ____30____ value, such as helping children learn a second language or state capitals. There needs to be more independent research conducted to ensure the products are safe for children and, until that is done, they should be ____31____ shelves, Murray said. AI toys are being marketed to families as safe and even beneficial to learning before their impact has been ____32____ by independent research. By contrast, ____33____ teddy bears and toys have been proven to benefit children’s development with none of the risks of AI toys. Mattel, a toy company, stated that they are concerned about “the impact of AI toys on ____34____ mental health” and that “its first products with AI are not intended for users under 13”, adding: “AI enhances — not ____35____ — traditional play, and we are emphasizing safety, privacy, creativity and responsible innovation.” 21. A. companies B. schools C. seniors D. children 22. A. generated B. answered C. avoided D. delayed 23. A. imagination B. justification C. hesitation D. assumption 24. A. academic B. attractive C. sensitive D. technical 25. A. be opposed to B. be exposed to C. be related to D. be applied to 26. A. advantages B. connections C. boundaries D. resources 27. A. data B. feedback C. prizes D. opinions 28. A. at ease B. at length C. at risk D. at fault 29. A. Beyond B. Besides C. Despite D. Unlike 30. A. commercial B. educational C. geometric D. geographic 31. A. taken on B. sent off C. pulled from D. wiped off 32. A. assessed B. witnessed C. replaced D. overlooked 33. A. antique B. expensive C. electronic D. offline 34. A. masses’ B. minors’ C. majors’ D. majorities’ 35. A. replaces B. reserves C. resolves D. reverses Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A new study has revealed that the Greenland ice cap is melting far faster than previously thought, as satellite data show widespread ice loss over the past four decades. Using artificial intelligence to analyse satellite photos from 1985 to 2022, researchers mapped the end positions of more than 235,000 glaciers(冰川) around the island. This unusual dataset showed that almost every glacier has become smaller in recent decades, losing an area of about 5,000 sq km of ice-equivalent to a trillion tonnes. The study, published in Nature, adds significant new insight to earlier measurements based on ice height or gravity data, which could only detect losses that ended up in the ocean. By identifying the withdrawal of glaciers lying mostly below sea level in Greenland’s narrow fjords (峡湾), the researchers uncovered an additional and previously unaccounted source of ice loss. Dr Chad Greene, at Nasa’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, who led the research, described the changes as “tremendous and happening everywhere.” When the team combined their findings with existing measurements of the Greenland ice sheet, they found the total annual loss of ice since 2003 reached about 264bn tonnes — roughly 30m tonnes every hour. The new data show an increase of 43bn tonnes a year compared with earlier estimates, or about 20% more than previously thought. The implications, scientists warn, are alarming. As Greenland’s glaciers withdraw and release vast quantities of freshwater into the North Atlantic, they may speed up the weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) — a system of ocean currents that regulates global climate. The AMOC is already at its weakest point in 1,600 years, and recent research has indicated it could collapse as soon as 2027 in a worst-case situation. Such a collapse would disrupt global weather patterns, damage ecosystems, and threaten food security worldwide. “There is some concern that any small source of freshwater may serve as a ‘tipping point’ that could trigger a full-scale collapse of the AMOC,” the scientists said. Yet freshwater from Greenland’s glacier withdrawal is not currently included in oceanographic models. The inflow of less salty freshwater slows the normal sinking of heavier, saltier water in the polar region — the engine that drives the AMOC. The findings suggest that Greenland’s hidden ice loss may play a far greater role in the stability of Earth’s climate system than once imagined. 36. What is the main purpose of the article? A. To promote the growing use of AI in environmental science research. B. To report a study revealing faster Greenland ice loss and its global impact. C. To criticize the inaccuracy of previous ice loss measurements in Greenland. D. To describe how scientists discovered a new form of glacier below sea level 37. What can be inferred about previous methods of measuring ice loss? A. They ignored surface melting entirely. B. They overestimated Greenland’s total ice loss. C. They were more accurate than satellite imagery. D. They underestimated losses occurring below sea level. 38. The underlined word “implications” in the 3rd paragraph refers to ______. A. the new measurements of the Greenland ice sheet B. the consequences of faster Greenland ice loss C. the methods used to analyze satellite data D. the warnings from scientists about climate change 39. Which diagram best illustrates the process of AMOC weakening described in the passage? A. Glacier melting → Freshwater inflow → Ocean temperature↑ → AMOC weakening B. Glacial freshwater input→ Ocean saltiness↓—Sinking of salty water↓→ AMOC weakening C. Ocean saltiness↓ → Ice loss data ↑→ Scientist warnings → AMOC weakening D. Ice height measurement↓ → Gravity data↑ → Ocean model error → AMOC weakening (B) This research examines what makes ideas creative across country-language groups, what cognitive processes lead to more creative ideas, and how successfully students can think creatively in multiple tasks, as well as the characteristics of high-performing students. * What makes “creative ideas” creative? Creative ideas tend to be highly appropriate, original and valuable across country-language contexts. However, judges’ appropriateness, originality and value scores don’t fully explain their overall evaluations of the creativity of students’ responses, accounting for around 66% of the variation in overall creativity scores on average. * Which tasks led to more creative ideas on the test? Some of the tasks in the test asked students to come up with two or three ideas for a given situation that were as different as possible. Although the task instructions did not instruct students to think of creative ideas in these tasks, around 1 in 2 students managed to come up with at least one creative idea in their response. In fact, students were more successful in thinking of creative ideas in the open-ended thinking tasks than when asked to generate a single original idea, with only 1 in 4 student responses evaluated as creative in those tasks. Such tasks can thus encourage creative idea generation and help students practice their thinking skills. Cultural norms and expectations can influence students’ capacity to engage in creative work. Unsurprisingly, across all country-language groups in the study, students found it relatively easier to come up with appropriate ideas across tasks than original and valuable ideas. Students also consistently demonstrated a relative weakness in coming up with original ideas, which was particularly evident in some countries. * Are girls really better than boys in creative thinking? Girls consistently scored higher than boys in the creative thinking tasks — across country-language groups, task types and scoring method — suggesting it is a relatively reliable finding that is not driven by any single scoring method, task feature, or abnormal sample. Girls’ greater engagement with the test, in general, may go some way to explain this result. 40. This passage would most probably be taken from ______. A. a college teaching journal B. a daily educational newspaper C. a psychology research website D. a guidebook for creative writing 41. Which of the following might be the missing subtitle? A. Are there cross-cultural differences in creativity? B. What type of creativity are students poor at? C. Are some types of ideas easier to generate than others? D. What shapes students’ capability to create ideas? 42. Which of the following may account for girls’ higher performance in the test? A. A stable in-born edge in basic creative thinking. B. A generally higher level of active test participation. C. A clearer personal grasp of official marked rules. D. A richer practical background in designed grouped drills (C) One of the children, probably inspired by a movie, used a stick to draw a “treasure map” in the sand pit (沙坑). Other children gathered around as he told the story of what “treasure” is, what a “map” is, and the adventure on which they were about to go. The treasure, he explained, was a chest full of gold and jewels. Some of the kids wanted to know what a chest was. Others wondered, knowing it was all imaginary, why the treasure couldn’t be ice cream or toys. The concept of the map was difficult. Although he assured the crew that treasure was buried somewhere on the playground, the map included a coconut tree and giant rocks. “Let’s pick some coconuts when we get there,” shouted one pirate. “Pirate,” in this case, had been defined as “guys who go around and find treasure.” These scenes are the gold standard of play-based learning. I’m sure there are many preschool educators who would have felt forced, in the name of learning, to step in with corrections and clarifications, or worse. In a moment, we see the children turn away from one another, away from their own questions, explorations, assumptions, and conclusions based on dialogue and agreement. They are now relying on the adult for questions and answers, rather than continuing to engage in the highest pursuit of human intellectual effort. There are those who would argue that this game is, at best, a waste of time, that these children playing their fantastical games of imagination, getting the facts wrong, playing with wrong ideas, and even spreading them amongst themselves, may be learning, but that it’s false knowledge that will somehow have to be undone. But that, I think, is a misunderstanding of what play is all about, and, for that matter, what learning is all about. The birth of the universe and the nature of space and time are every bit as much mysteries to physicists as treasure maps and pirates are to these preschoolers. What drives scientists is the same thing that drives playing children: they are motivated by the mystery, by their own questions, and by the freedom to seek answers. Too often, educators, in our commitment to facts, truth and teaching, take over the learning by providing shortcuts to answers, eliminating the mystery that has driven humans since the beginning of time. We forget that getting it wrong is every bit as important to this process as being right. The job in life is not to know stuff, but rather to figure stuff out so that we will then know. And we get there through play. 43. Why does the writer mention the “treasure map” in the 1st paragraph? A. To present a typical example of play-based learning. B. To introduce a popular game among young children. C. To show kids’ creative ideas about treasure and pirates. D. To explain different kinds of outdoor playground activities. 44. According to the passage, what is a possible result of the stepping in of the preschool teachers? A. A deeper understanding of facts and a more efficient learning process. B. The successful integration of imagination-based games into formal curricula. C. A shift from self-directed exploration to adult-dependent knowledge acquisition D. The immediate correction of false concepts and elimination of misunderstandings. 45. What can be inferred about the author’s attitude toward traditional educators? A. He hopes they are as motivated as physicists are. B. He admires their commitment to providing correct facts. C. He thinks they should participate more in children’s games. D. He worries they might unintentionally kill children’s curiosity. 46. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? A. How to Draw a Perfect Treasure Map B. Play: The Highest Pursuit of Learning C. Why Facts Matter Most in Preschools D. Insight: The Myth of Games in Education Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Dancing into Middle Age By my early 40s, I had exhausted all the hobbies that were supposed to make me feel better about entering middle age. I had started learning a new language, launched myself into an unsuccessful pursuit of a craft only to collect a pile of handmade books, and given yoga a second chance. And then, at the height of my low-grade desperation, I decided to sign up for a ballet class. Not being flexible, I could see how I didn’t exactly look like prospective ballerina (芭蕾舞女演员) material. ____47____ I needed confirmation that my body was capable of movement and grace. And though I’d expected my classes to be physically demanding and my muscles to ache, I hadn’t anticipated that my teacher’s command to”take up more space” would change my way of being in the world. My teacher reminded me that ballet isn’t about perfection. ____48____ Slowly, I started becoming more comfortable with the body I saw staring back at me in the mirror. My posture still needs improving and my jumps are never as high as they feel. But the idea that my body hasn’t become fixed and that it’s still a work in progress encourages me. ____49____ Instead of noticing only the beginnings of older age arriving, I now marvel at the changes I’ve seen as I’ve learned to stand with more confidence and courage. As for the imperfections? They’ re part of being alive. Eight years into my ballet classes, I’m what you would call a lifelong advanced beginner. ____50____ Why do I continue? Because when I do my daily ballet class, I focus on my breathing and move my body in ways that always challenge me and remind me of everything that is possible. Recently, my teacher taught us a beginner-appropriate version of the dance from Sleeping Beauty. As I stood in my living room, balancing unsteadily on my toes and dancing for nobody but myself, I felt every inch a ballerina. A. Every move made by me then invited my teacher’s critical evaluation. B. If anything, ballet is forcing me to rethink my relationship with my body. C. But I was determined to give it a try. D. Rather, he said, it’s about striving for perfection. E. I nearly injured myself the one time I tried to lift my leg onto the desk in an attempt to stretch. F. At the age of 50, I am finally a ballerina, though not the kind that anybody would pay money to see on stage. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Neighbourly Strangers The traditional British “community spirit” was once the foundation of local life, but today it is in a steady decline. A recent survey shows a cold picture of modern residential streets, where nearly 70% of respondents view their neighbours as virtual strangers. Although people live close by, sharing fences and walls, this no longer translates into real social connection. We are sharing the same space, yet we have never been further apart in our hearts. These statistics highlight a calculated social avoidance. While sharing environments, over 70% of us stay unsure of neighbours’ names, with even fewer identifying their children. In the rush of modern life, two-thirds of people purposely ensure they go entire days without catching a glimpse of the person next door. In fact, many have become experts at timing their departures specifically to avoid the awkwardness of a brief “hello” in the hallway. Furthermore, meaningful interaction has become rare in modern society. Only a small number of people still socialize through dinner dates or communal barbecues. Despite the clear need for human connection, fewer than one in ten would consider organizing a street party. Instead, our interactions have become purely transactional; we might ask a neighbour to water our plants, but we often have no intention of returning the favor or building a lasting friendship. This social withdrawal has serious consequences, as collective disinterest is a primary driver of the loneliness epidemic in the UK. Isolation is no longer just a personal struggle; it has become a public health crisis that affects mental well-being. To bridge this gap, we desperately need innovative urban strategies and local initiatives to restore a sense of belonging. Only by turning back into true “neighbours” can we hope to cure the modern ache of being alone together. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 公园的管理方张贴了新告示，呼吁人们文明遛狗。(notice)(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 53. 他打小就对海洋充满好奇，长大后竟真的成为了一名水手。(curious)(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 54. 推进市区老旧小区改造，既要扮靓城市“面子”，更要夯实民生“里子”。（upgrade）（汉译英） ______________________________________________________________________________ 55. 随着全球经济一体化的加深，许多企业发现自己正陷入一种境地：过度扩张的风险往往超过了潜在的获利空间。(where)(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 学校英语报“成长与选择”专栏举办征文活动，请学生谈谈对“Live more; fear less.”这句话的理解。写一篇征文稿，在文中你必须： 1)简述你对这句话的理解； 2)结合一个具体事例加以说明； 注：文中不得出现考生姓名、学校等真实个人信息。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $