精品解析：2025届上海市普陀区高三下学期二模英语试卷

2025年上海市普陀区二模英语试卷 考生注意： 1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上， 在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Nature Lover? It May Be Written in Your Genes Our love of the natural world is partially baked into our genes, a study by researchers from the University of Queensland and the National University of Singapore suggests. Using data collected by TwinsUK, the most detailed and extensive twin study ever ____1____ (carry) out, the team compared the genetic heritability of two types of trait — how strongly a person feels connected to nature, and the amount of time ____2____ they spend in nature — in more than 1,000 sets of twins. They found that identical twins, who share almost all of their genes, were more similar to each other than fraternal twins, who share around half of their genes, ____3____ their appreciation of nature. This genetic influence ____4____ (observe) in between 34 per cent for frequency of garden visits and 44 per cent for public nature space visits, they said. “We were truly surprised by ____5____ we uncovered,” said study co-author Prof Richard Fuller of the University of Queensland. “This means there may be inborn genetic differences among people’s psychological connection with nature and how they experience ____6____. Our results help to explain why some people have a stronger desire than others ____7____ (be) in nature.” Previous studies have shown that, ____8____ people are raised and live in an urban or rural environment, it influences how strongly they want to be among nature or seek out outdoor experiences. However, this is a novel study ____9____ (involve) the suggestion that genetics plays a role in how strongly we feel a connection to nature. As more and more people living in urban areas are reporting lower levels of well-being, and are at a _____10_____ (high) risk of mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety than before, the study highlights the importance of bringing people closer to nature, the researchers say. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. advocating B. alongside C. committed D. convincing E. handle F logic G. motivate H. organizational I. primitively J. sustain K. visual The Art of Persuasion Persuasion is the art of influencing others’ thoughts, feelings and actions. It’s about ____11____ people to see things from your perspective, adopt your ideas or take specific actions. When you’re negotiating a business deal, ____12____ a cause or simply trying to get your point across, persuasion plays a crucial role. Employers place a great value on employees with persuasion skills because they can impact several aspects of job performance. Besides, teamwork and leadership rely heavily on the power of persuasion to get things done. Without persuasion skills, employees may not be as ____13____ to or convinced of the importance of an organization’s vision and long-term mission. Effective use of persuasion skills will not only help get your coworkers excited about your ideas, it’ll also help you ____14____ them to achieve a common goal. In order to learn the art of persuasion at the workplace, you need to understand how to ____15____ conflicts and reach agreements. Good communication is the first step in effective persuasion, but ____16____ and reasoning are just as important. Before you can get somebody on-board with your goal, you should help them understand why they should pursue it. Using ____17____ aids to back up your ideas can help illustrate your ideas better. Successful persuasion skills are based on your ability to have positive interactions and maintain meaningful relationships with people. In order to ____18____ those relationships, you must be able to work in their best interests as well. Your coworkers are more likely to agree with you when they succeed ____19____ . The more they achieve and the greater progress they make, the more they trust your judgement and strength. We persuade and get persuaded every day. A vast majority of people favour cooperation and teamwork over traditional ____20____ structures; no one likes to be told what to do or to be pushed around. Therefore, organizations and leaders should adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessary changes. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. As machine-learning music specialist Prof Nick Bryan-Kinns explains, new neural (神经) networks are capable of writing original music — but may never — ____21____ meaningful lyrics (歌词). Music AIs use neural networks that are really large sets of bits of computers that try to ____22____ how the brain works. And you can basically throw lots of music at this neural network and it learns patterns — just like how the human brain does by ____23____ being shown things. What’s ____24____ about today’s neural networks is that they’re getting bigger and bigger, and they’re becoming harder and harder for humans to understand what they’re actually doing. We’re getting to a point now where we have these essentially black boxes that we put music into and nice new music ____25____. But we don’t really understand the details of what it’s doing. These neural networks also ____26____ a lot of energy. If you’re trying to train AI to analyze the last 20 years of pop music, for instance, you’re ____27____all that data in and then using a lot of electricity to do the analysis and to generate a new song. At some point, we’re going to have to question whether the environmental impact is worth this new music. There’s a little bit of ____28____ and mirrors going on with AI music at the moment. You can throw Amy Winehouse’s back catalogue into an AI and a load of music will come out. But somebody has to go and ____29____ that. They have to decide which parts they like and which parts the AI needs to ____30____ a bit more. The problem is that we’re trying to train the AI to make music that we like, but we’re not ____31____ it to make music that it likes. Maybe the computer likes a different kind of music than we do. Maybe the future would just be all the AIs listening to music together without humans. I’m also kind of ____32____ that one as well. AI can generate lyrics that are interesting and have an interesting narrative flow. But lyrics for songs are typically based on lyricists’ ____33____, what’s happened to them. Lyricists write about falling in love, things that have gone wrong in their lives, or simple ____34____ like watching the sunrise. AIs don’t do that. I’m not sure that an AI will have that potential to be able to ____35____ something meaningful to people. 21. A. interpret B. compose C. recite D. perform 22. A. reflect B. stimulate C. replace D. imitate 23. A. repeatedly B. consequently C. randomly D. instantly 24. A. sensible B. harmonious C. tricky D. curious 25. A. runs out B. comes out C. gives out D. puts out 26. A. consume B. preserve C. generate D. waste 27. A. displaying B. processing C. feeding D. gathering 28. A. smoke B. light C. cloud D. fire 29. A. promote B. play C. memorize D. edit 30. A. decide on B. work on C. insist on D. rely on 31. A. requesting B. persuading C. allowing D. enabling 32. A. doubtful about B. incapable of C. confident about D. convinced of 33. A. contributions B. experiences C. resolution D. fantasy 34. A. anxieties B. burdens C. duties D. pleasures 35. A. attain B. broadcast C. communicate D. restore Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Animal Welfare in Tourism Over decades of travelling, I have come across some shocking treatment of animals clearly being exploited for our entertainment. The last time was in Morocco, when I was investigating the macaques they use as attractions in the markets. These poor monkeys were kept in terrible conditions and physically abused. Locked up during the daytime, they’d be brought out in the early evening for photo opportunities with holidaymakers. It seems likely that animal exploitation is increasing with the rise of selfie (自拍) culture, and that it’s not fully understood by much of the public — which is why we desperately need laws to prevent travel companies selling tickets to cruel attractions. Sadly though, the way things stand, it’s an absolutely pointless piece of legislation. While the last government went to the trouble of passing this act, it failed to set out a list of activities banned under it. That means thousands of holidaymakers can continue to buy tickets to attractions that treat animals cruelly this summer. But there are some simple yet powerful things we can all do to help shut down these cruel trades. For starters we need to use the pounds in our pockets as a form of protest. This summer, simply refuse to spend money on any experience that might cause suffering to animals. And blow the whistle hard on any cruelty you come across. You can report incidents of animal cruelty at tourist attractions anywhere in the world to animal welfare organizations, who will use it to create a file of evidence to put pressure on the new government to make sure animals are not pushed aside. Your evidence is vital. It’s time to do better and make sure we choose well when it comes to satisfying our inborn urge to experience the animals we share our planet with. We should have respect for all life and want to treasure it. No five-minute thrill or subsequent social media post we get from an animal encounter is worth a lifetime of misery for them. We need to remember, their lives are as important as ours. 36. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the macaques in Morocco? A. They were part of a wildlife conservation project. B. They were free to move around during the daytime. C. They were taken care of by animal welfare organizations. D. They were caged in the day and used for photos in the evening. 37. Why does the author consider the current law against animal cruelty ineffective? A. It lacks a clear list of banned practices. B It was rejected by the previous government. C. It only applies to domestic animal abuse. D. It is not supported by the travel companies. 38. What can be inferred about the author’s opinion on “selfie culture”? A. It helps promote animal welfare through social media. B. It contributes to the rise of animal exploitation. C. It encourages tourists to be more environmentally aware. D. It reflects human indifference to animal suffering. 39. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To describe a shocking tourist experience in Morocco. B. To expose animal cruelty in tourism and call for action. C. To analyze the reasons for the increase in animal exploitation. D. To introduce the current laws about animal welfare in tourism. (B) In recent years, professional organizations in the foreign language field have collaborated to set professional goals, establish policies, and provide valuable support. Here is a list of key membership organizations. For more information and updates, you can visit the links to these organizations’ sites on the Teacher’s Handbook website. MLA: Founded in 1883, the Modern Language Association (MLA) promotes the study and teaching of languages and literatures and offers opportunities for its members to share their scholarly literary findings and teaching experiences with colleagues. Composed of nearly 30,000 members in 100 countries, MLA hosts an annual convention and other meetings, works with related organizations, and maintains one of the finest publishing programs in the humanities. Its involvement with foreign language teaching and learning specifically is evidenced by its role in the creation of other key organizations. CTFL: The national umbrella organization for the foreign language teaching profession is the Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (CTFL), founded in 1967 by the leadership of the MLA, to address issues of teacher preparation, language instruction, and curriculum development. In recent years, CTFL launched its Research Priorities in Foreign Language Education Program to identify key areas in which research is needed to inform and improve classroom practice and to sponsor this research through funding, publication. TESOL: TESOL stands for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, and the professional association is TESOL International Association. The field of teaching English to speakers of other languages is a professional pursuit that requires specialized training. TESOL differs from teaching English to native speakers of English, since its primary focus is on teaching non-natives to communicate in English and understand cultural practices of English-speaking communities. English as a second language (ESL) educators teach English language learners (ELLs) in countries where English is the dominant language, such as Australia, Canada, England, and the United States. English as a foreign language (EFL) educators teach in countries where English is spoken only as a foreign language, such as Japan and Saudi Arabia. 40. What is the primary focus of the Modern Language Association (MLA)? A. Promoting the teaching of English to speakers of other languages. B. Facilitating the study and teaching of languages and literatures. C. Improving language instruction through specialized training. D. Funding research in foreign language education. 41. What is a significant program initiated by the CTFL in recent years? A. An annual convention for language teachers. B. A language publishing program for literary studies. C. Establishing a global network of language educators. D. The Research Priorities in Foreign Language Education Program. 42. How does TESOL differ from MLA and CTFL? A. TESOL is more focused on literature, while MLA and CTFL focus on language. B. TESOL promotes the study of all languages, while MLA and CTFL focus on English. C. TESOL is specific to teaching English to non-native speakers, unlike MLA and CTFL. D. TESOL operates in English-speaking countries, while MLA and CTFL work internationally. (C) From Crisis to Community Currency The financial crisis of 2008 sent shockwaves throughout many countries in the Eurozone, and indeed the world. One of the hardest hit nations was Greece. For many Greeks this meant being thrown onto the breadline or worse still, plunging below the line of poverty. For others, the credit crunch (信贷紧缩) prevented them from using credit cards as their debts mounted. While most people felt hopeless, many decided to take the bull by the horns. When residents of the small town of Volos found themselves struggling to afford even essential items in euros, what they did was to come up with an alternative currency. They pay for the goods in TEM, TEM being a local alternative currency that people can earn by offering their services or goods to others. The TEM system, which brings to mind the ancient bartering system, operates on an exchange basis. Members of the TEM community gain credit by doing jobs for other people or selling them their own produce. For example, by selling clothes in TEM at the market, a trader could get language or computer lessons in return. As one stall-holder at the market put it, “We have reached the bottom of our lives and we now have to think in a different way.” But it’s not only at the local market that TEM is accepted. Even well-established local shops in Volos will accept both TEM and euros. In some cases, payment can be made in part euro and part TEM. Hard-up customers can, therefore, make more affordable purchases and store owners can cover their costs. So, how does the system operate in practical terms? The system, which has been developed online, requires members to have TEM accounts. These accounts, which are credited when they earn TEM and debited when they make a purchase, are closely regulated by founding members of the TEM community. But for those who feel that parallel currencies are too complicated a matter, they can turn to another organization called Peliti. 2002 was the year when Peliti was set up as a national network for the exchange of goods and services without money. Peliti differs from the TEM system as it works purely by bartering. So if, for example, you grow cucumbers and you want someone to cut your hair, you can find a hairdresser in your area who will agree to be paid in cucumbers! These organizations prove that ordinary people can find a way to survive when the going gets tough. When you have nothing to lose, you have everything to gain from alternative ways of life. 43. In the context of the passage, the underlined phrase “to take the bull by the horns” most probably means “_________”. A. to deal with the problem bravely B. to avoid facing a difficult situation C. to accept help from others when in trouble D. to wait patiently for the situation to improve 44. Why was the TEM system created in Volos? A. People feared that the euro would disappear. B. Credit cards were no longer issued to Greeks. C. A substitute currency for the euro had to be found. D. Some people had difficulty paying for goods in euros. 45. According to the passage, the TEM currency can be used ________. A. only at the market in Volos B in other countries of the Eurozone C. in shops and at the market in Volos D. in shops and markets throughout Greece 46. In comparison with the TEM system, the most significant difference of Peliti is that ________. A. it operates nationwide B. it relies merely on service exchange C. it doesn’t involve an alternative currency D. its members must produce their own goods Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Fresh Thinking about Fresh Air In 1842, Edwin Chadwick, a British social reformer, published his landmark Report on the Sanitary (卫生的) Condition of the Labouring Population. By highlighting the link between poor public health conditions and poor health, Chadwick’s report revealed social and geographic health inequalities. His findings inspired British cities to organize clean water supplies and centralized waste treatment systems, which significantly reduced infectious diseases. ____47____ Schools serve as a good example of this issue. A study of 100 American classrooms proved that 87 had airflow rates below healthy standards. In Europe, researchers found that 66% of classrooms in countries such as Denmark and France failed to meet acceptable indoor air quality standards. This is alarming, as poor air quality in schools contributes to conditions like asthma (哮喘), which affects nearly one in 13 American children. Outdoor air pollution, which often enters buildings, can further harm brain development, academic performance and even increase cancer risks. ____48____ Most people spend more than 90% of their time indoors, where spaces with poor air flow have been linked to headaches, burnout, asthma and other health issues. Poor air flow has been blamed for decreased workplace productivity and higher absenteeism. Despite its importance, indoor air quality has received little government attention. ____49____ Installing carbon dioxide sensors could inform occupants when to open windows or upgrade air systems. National indoor air quality standards, enforced through air flow certificates similar to food safety ratings, would help ensure safer environments. The cost of better air circulation is modest. Upgrading air circulation in all American schools to meet minimum standards would cost less than 0.1% of annual public education spending. ____50____ As Chadwick’s reforms established clean water as a public expectation, the recent health disaster should inspire policymakers to make clean air an essential standard for all buildings. A. Air circulation is the forgotten part for improved public health. B. But achieving clean, healthful air in buildings is feasible. C. Investments in clean indoor air yield significant returns boosting academic performance and enhancing workplace productivity. D. The government’s recent plan prioritizes school air flow, setting an example for other countries to follow. E. The problem, however, is not limited to schools. F. Today, another public health priority is emerging: improving indoor air quality. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Is It a Man or a Woman? As technologies become more human-like, there’s been a push to make them genderless. However, Stanford’s Ashley Martin suggests that people still have a fixed perception of gendered objects in traditional ways. While removing gender might seem like a simple way to fix it, Martin’s research indicates that gender remains a fundamental way people form connections with products. In her latest research, participants were asked to rate their attachment to male, female and genderless versions of a self-driving car named “Miuu.” Martin found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to the device –– and their interest in purchasing it. For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless “Miuu” than ones with male or female voices. These findings suggest that gendering a product could lead to higher sales or more consumer loyalty. While gendering products may be good marketing it may also emphasize outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The qualities commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. “In leadership domains, those are the qualities we want in our leaders, whereas women we see as kind and warm and affectionate,” Martin says. She notes that these qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender. For example, male voice assistants “got things done” and “found the information quickly”, whereas female voice assistants were described as “helpful”. Yet Martin’s study also found that creating a gender-neutral object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound gender-neutral, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it — they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she”. However, Martin sees a silver lining: she believes humanizing products can reduce or reverse stereotypes, like how women in leadership change perceptions. She hopes future research explores how to increase people’s attachment to objects without relying on gender norms. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这个方案看似简单，实际操作起来却需要丰富的经验。(require) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 幸亏你及时提醒我查阅文献，导师在面试中问到了数据来源。 (reminder) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 如何让莘莘学子更好地适应未来生活，很多高中和大学都已将该问题提上日程。(how) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 不必焦虑，包粽子虽看似复杂，其实只要依循步骤操作，便能轻松掌握这一传统手艺。(craft)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假如你是明启中学高三学生李明，在本期学校英语报的“Troubleshooter（排忧解难）”专栏读到Mike的来信（内容如下）。你通过该专栏给Mike写一封回信，提供建议，帮助他脱离困境。你的回信须包括： （1） 你的建议； （2） 你的理由。 Troubleshooter I’m a freshman facing dorm troubles. One roommate smokes indoors, another watches videos late at night without using earphones. One roommate takes a shower only once a week, which is really disgusting. What can I do? Please help! — Mike _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025年上海市普陀区二模英语试卷 考生注意： 1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上， 在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Nature Lover? It May Be Written in Your Genes Our love of the natural world is partially baked into our genes, a study by researchers from the University of Queensland and the National University of Singapore suggests. Using data collected by TwinsUK, the most detailed and extensive twin study ever ____1____ (carry) out, the team compared the genetic heritability of two types of trait — how strongly a person feels connected to nature, and the amount of time ____2____ they spend in nature — in more than 1,000 sets of twins. They found that identical twins, who share almost all of their genes, were more similar to each other than fraternal twins, who share around half of their genes, ____3____ their appreciation of nature. This genetic influence ____4____ (observe) in between 34 per cent for frequency of garden visits and 44 per cent for public nature space visits, they said. “We were truly surprised by ____5____ we uncovered,” said study co-author Prof Richard Fuller of the University of Queensland. “This means there may be inborn genetic differences among people’s psychological connection with nature and how they experience ____6____. Our results help to explain why some people have a stronger desire than others ____7____ (be) in nature.” Previous studies have shown that, ____8____ people are raised and live in an urban or rural environment, it influences how strongly they want to be among nature or seek out outdoor experiences. However, this is a novel study ____9____ (involve) the suggestion that genetics plays a role in how strongly we feel a connection to nature. As more and more people living in urban areas are reporting lower levels of well-being, and are at a _____10_____ (high) risk of mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety than before, the study highlights the importance of bringing people closer to nature, the researchers say. 【答案】1. carried 2. that##which 3. in 4. was observed##had been observed 5. what 6. it 7. to be 8. whether 9. involving 10. higher 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了昆士兰大学和新加坡国立大学的研究，表明人们对自然的热爱部分源于基因，还指出基因对与自然接触的影响及亲近自然的重要性。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：利用TwinsUK收集的数据，这是有史以来进行的最详细、最广泛的双胞胎研究，该团队比较了1000多对双胞胎中两种特征的遗传率——一个人与自然的联系有多紧密，以及他们在大自然中度过的时间有多长。“(carry) out”作后置定语，carry out(执行，实施)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语“the most detailed and extensive twin study”之间是被动关系，且这里表示已经完成的动作，用过去分词表被动和完成。故填carried。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：利用TwinsUK收集的数据，这是有史以来进行的最详细、最广泛的双胞胎研究，该团队比较了1000多对双胞胎中两种特征的遗传率——一个人与自然的联系有多紧密，以及他们在大自然中度过的时间有多长。“_____ they spend in nature”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the amount of time，关系词将其代入从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that或which引导从句。故填that/which。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意：他们发现，几乎拥有所有相同基因的同卵双胞胎在对自然的欣赏方面比拥有约一半相同基因的异卵双胞胎更相似。be similar in是固定搭配，意为“在……方面相似的”；in表示“在……方面”。故填in。 【4题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：他们表示，这种遗传影响体现在34%的花园访问频率差异和44%的公共自然空间访问频率差异中。observe((在科学研究中)观测)是谓语动词，与主语This genetic influence是被动关系，根据语境，动作发生在过去，可用一般过去时的被动语态was observed，也可理解为动作发生在“他们表示”之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时的被动语态had been observed。故填was observed/had been observed。 【5题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：“我们对所发现的感到非常惊讶，”昆士兰大学的研究合著者理查德·富勒教授说。“_____ we uncovered”是宾语从句，从句中谓语动词uncovered缺少宾语，表示“我们所发现的事情”，用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。 【6题详解】 考查代词。句意：这意味着人们与自然的心理联系以及他们如何体验自然可能存在天生的基因差异。根据句意，名词“nature”作“experience”的宾语，用指示代词it指代。故填it。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的研究结果有助于解释为什么有些人比其他人更渴望身处自然之中。have a desire to do sth.是固定用法，意为“有做某事的欲望”，用不定式作后置定语。故填to be。 【8题详解】 考查连词。句意：先前的研究表明，无论人们是在城市还是农村环境中长大和生活，这都会影响他们对融入自然或寻求户外体验的渴望程度。whether...or...表示“无论……还是……”，引导让步状语从句。故填whether。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，这是一项新颖的研究，涉及到基因在我们与自然的联系强度方面发挥作用的观点。“(involve) the suggestion that genetics plays a role in how strongly we feel a connection to nature”作后置定语，involve(涉及到)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语novel study之间主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填involving。 【10题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：研究人员表示，随着越来越多居住在城市地区的人报告称幸福感降低，并且比以前患抑郁症和焦虑症等心理健康障碍的风险更高，这项研究凸显了让人们更亲近自然的重要性。根据“than before”可知，用提示词比较级higher作定语，意为“更高的”。故填higher。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. advocating B. alongside C. committed D. convincing E. handle F. logic G. motivate H. organizational I. primitively J. sustain K. visual The Art of Persuasion Persuasion is the art of influencing others’ thoughts, feelings and actions. It’s about ____11____ people to see things from your perspective, adopt your ideas or take specific actions. When you’re negotiating a business deal, ____12____ a cause or simply trying to get your point across, persuasion plays a crucial role. Employers place a great value on employees with persuasion skills because they can impact several aspects of job performance. Besides, teamwork and leadership rely heavily on the power of persuasion to get things done. Without persuasion skills, employees may not be as ____13____ to or convinced of the importance of an organization’s vision and long-term mission. Effective use of persuasion skills will not only help get your coworkers excited about your ideas, it’ll also help you ____14____ them to achieve a common goal. In order to learn the art of persuasion at the workplace, you need to understand how to ____15____ conflicts and reach agreements. Good communication is the first step in effective persuasion, but ____16____ and reasoning are just as important. Before you can get somebody on-board with your goal, you should help them understand why they should pursue it. Using ____17____ aids to back up your ideas can help illustrate your ideas better. Successful persuasion skills are based on your ability to have positive interactions and maintain meaningful relationships with people. In order to ____18____ those relationships, you must be able to work in their best interests as well. Your coworkers are more likely to agree with you when they succeed ____19____ . The more they achieve and the greater progress they make, the more they trust your judgement and strength. We persuade and get persuaded every day. A vast majority of people favour cooperation and teamwork over traditional ____20____ structures; no one likes to be told what to do or to be pushed around. Therefore, organizations and leaders should adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessary changes. 【答案】11. D 12. A 13. C 14. G 15. E 16. F 17. K 18. J 19. B 20. H 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了说服的艺术，阐述了说服技能在职场的重要性，说明了学习说服艺术的方法以及成功说服技能的基础。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：说服是关于让人们从你的角度看事情，采纳你的想法或采取特定行动。根据后文“people to see things from your perspective, adopt your ideas or take specific actions”可知，这里需要一个表示“使信服、说服”意思的动词，convince符合语境，且about是介词，后接动名词形式convincing。故选D项。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：当你在谈一笔生意、倡导一项事业或只是想表达你的观点时，说服起着至关重要的作用。根据后文“a cause”可知，这里需要一个表示“倡导、拥护”意思的动词，advocate符合语境，和negotiating并列，都用现在分词形式advocating。故选A项。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：没有说服技巧，员工可能不会那么致力于或相信一个组织的愿景和长期使命的重要性。根据后文“to or convinced of the importance of an organization’s vision and long term mission”可知，这里需要一个表示“致力于……的”意思的形容词，committed符合语境，作表语，be committed to是固定搭配，意为“致力于”。故选C项。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：有效运用说服技巧不仅能让你的同事对你的想法感到兴奋，还能激励他们实现一个共同的目标。根据后文“them to achieve a common goal”可知，这里需要一个表示“激励”意思的动词，motivate符合语境，help sb.do sth.是固定搭配，用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。故选G项。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：为了在职场学习说服的艺术，你需要了解如何处理冲突并达成协议。根据后文“conflicts and reach agreements”可知，这里需要一个表示“处理”意思的动词，handle符合语境，用原形构成不定式短语。故选E项。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：良好的沟通是有效说服的第一步，但逻辑和推理同样重要。根据后文“and reasoning are just as important”可知，这里需要一个和“推理”意思相关的名词，logic符合语境，作主语。故选F项。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：使用视觉辅助工具来支持你的想法可以帮助你更好地阐述你的想法。根据后文“aids to back up your ideas”和“illustrate your ideas better”可知，这里需要一个表示“视觉的”意思的形容词，visual符合语境，作定语。故选K项。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：为了维持这些关系，你也必须能够为他们的最大利益行事。根据后文“those relationships”可知，这里需要一个表示“维持”意思的动词，sustain符合语境，用原形构成不定式短语。故选J项。 【19题详解】 考查介词。句意：当你的同事和你一起取得成功时，他们更有可能同意你的观点。根据后文“The more they achieve and the greater progress they make, the more they trust your judgement and strength.”可推知，同事和你一起取得成功，他们会更支持你，表示“和……一起”，介词alongside符合语境。故选B项。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：绝大多数人更喜欢合作和团队协作，而不是传统的组织架构；没有人喜欢被指使或被摆布。根据前文“traditional”和后文“no one likes to be told what to do or to be pushed around”可推知，大多数人不喜欢传统的组织架构，用形容词organizational作定语，意为“组织的”，符合语境。故选H项。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. As machine-learning music specialist Prof Nick Bryan-Kinns explains, new neural (神经) networks are capable of writing original music — but may never — ____21____ meaningful lyrics (歌词). Music AIs use neural networks that are really large sets of bits of computers that try to ____22____ how the brain works. And you can basically throw lots of music at this neural network and it learns patterns — just like how the human brain does by ____23____ being shown things. What’s ____24____ about today’s neural networks is that they’re getting bigger and bigger, and they’re becoming harder and harder for humans to understand what they’re actually doing. We’re getting to a point now where we have these essentially black boxes that we put music into and nice new music ____25____. But we don’t really understand the details of what it’s doing. These neural networks also ____26____ a lot of energy. If you’re trying to train AI to analyze the last 20 years of pop music, for instance, you’re ____27____all that data in and then using a lot of electricity to do the analysis and to generate a new song. At some point, we’re going to have to question whether the environmental impact is worth this new music. There’s a little bit of ____28____ and mirrors going on with AI music at the moment. You can throw Amy Winehouse’s back catalogue into an AI and a load of music will come out. But somebody has to go and ____29____ that. They have to decide which parts they like and which parts the AI needs to ____30____ a bit more. The problem is that we’re trying to train the AI to make music that we like, but we’re not ____31____ it to make music that it likes. Maybe the computer likes a different kind of music than we do. Maybe the future would just be all the AIs listening to music together without humans. I’m also kind of ____32____ that one as well. AI can generate lyrics that are interesting and have an interesting narrative flow. But lyrics for songs are typically based on lyricists’ ____33____, what’s happened to them. Lyricists write about falling in love, things that have gone wrong in their lives, or simple ____34____ like watching the sunrise. AIs don’t do that. I’m not sure that an AI will have that potential to be able to ____35____ something meaningful to people. 21. A. interpret B. compose C. recite D. perform 22. A. reflect B. stimulate C. replace D. imitate 23. A. repeatedly B. consequently C. randomly D. instantly 24. A. sensible B. harmonious C. tricky D. curious 25. A. runs out B. comes out C. gives out D. puts out 26. A. consume B. preserve C. generate D. waste 27. A. displaying B. processing C. feeding D. gathering 28. A. smoke B. light C. cloud D. fire 29. A. promote B. play C. memorize D. edit 30. A. decide on B. work on C. insist on D. rely on 31. A. requesting B. persuading C. allowing D. enabling 32. A. doubtful about B. incapable of C. confident about D. convinced of 33. A. contributions B. experiences C. resolution D. fantasy 34. A. anxieties B. burdens C. duties D. pleasures 35. A. attain B. broadcast C. communicate D. restore 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能音乐的相关情况，包括神经网络创作音乐的原理、耗能问题、创作现状以及存在的局限性等。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如机器学习音乐专家尼克·布莱恩 金斯教授所解释的，新的神经网络能够创作原创音乐，但可能永远无法创作有意义的歌词。A. interpret解释；B. compose创作；C. recite背诵；D. perform表演。根据前文“writing original music”和后文“meaningful lyrics”可推知，这里说的是创作音乐和歌词。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：音乐人工智能使用的神经网络实际上是大量的计算机程序片段，它们试图模仿大脑的工作方式。A. reflect反映；B. stimulate刺激；C. replace代替；D. imitate模仿。根据后文“how the brain works”和“it learns patterns — just like how the human brain does”可知，神经网络是模仿大脑的工作方式。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：你基本上可以向这个神经网络输入大量的音乐，它会学习模式 —— 就像人类大脑通过反复被展示事物来学习一样。A. repeatedly反复地；B. consequently因此；C. randomly随机地；D. instantly立刻。结合常识和“just like how the human brain does”可知，人类大脑是通过反复接触事物来学习模式的。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今的神经网络棘手的地方在于，它们变得越来越庞大，人类越来越难以理解它们实际上在做什么。A. sensible明智的；B. harmonious和谐的；C. tricky棘手的；D. curious好奇的。根据后文“they’re becoming harder and harder for humans to understand what they’re actually doing”可知，人类越来越难以理解它，这是神经网络让人类感到棘手的地方。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们现在到了这样一个阶段，我们有这些本质上的黑匣子，我们把音乐放进去，然后就会有美妙的新音乐出来。A. runs out用完；B. comes out出来；C. gives out分发；D. puts out扑灭。根据前文“put music into”和“nice new music”可知，我们在神经网络中放入音乐后，新的音乐就会创作出来。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些神经网络也消耗大量的能量。A. consume消耗；B. preserve保存；C. generate产生；D. waste浪费。根据后文“using a lot of electricity to do the analysis and to generate a new song. At some point, we’re going to have to question whether the environmental impact is worth this new music.”可知，神经网络消耗大量能量。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果你试图训练人工智能来分析过去20年的流行音乐，你要把所有的数据输入进去，然后使用大量的电力来进行分析并生成一首新歌。A. displaying展示；B. processing处理；C. feeding输入，把……放进机器；D. gathering收集。根据后文“all that data in”可知，是把数据输入到人工智能中。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：目前人工智能音乐有点像烟雾和镜子(华而不实)。A. smoke烟雾；B. light光；C. cloud云；D. fire火。根据后文“ You can throw Amy Winehouse’s back catalogue into an AI and a load of music will come out. But somebody has to go and ____ that. They have to decide which parts they like and which parts the AI needs to ____ a bit more.”可知，人工智能产生的音乐仍然需要人工处理，所以它并不是看上去那么美好；“smoke and mirrors”是固定表达，意为“烟雾和镜子；障眼法；故弄玄虚”。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但必须有人去编辑这些音乐。A. promote促进；B. play演奏；C. memorize记住；D. edit编辑。根据后文“They have to decide which parts they like and which parts the AI needs to ____ a bit more”可知，需要有人对人工智能生成的音乐进行编辑。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们必须决定哪些部分他们喜欢，哪些部分人工智能需要再加工一下。A. decide on决定；B. work on努力改进，从事；C. insist on坚持；D. rely on依靠。根据前文“which parts they like”和“which parts the AI needs...”可推知，发现不喜欢的部分，人类就会要求人工智能对其进行改进，再加工。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：问题是我们试图训练人工智能制作我们喜欢的音乐，但我们没有让它制作它自己喜欢的音乐。A. requesting请求；B. persuading说服；C. allowing允许；D. enabling使能够。根据前文“We’re trying to train the AI to make music that we like”和“but”的转折可知，我们没有让人工智能制作它自己喜欢的音乐。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我对此也有点怀疑。A. doubtful about对……怀疑；B. incapable of不能；没有能力；C. confident about对……有信心；D. convinced of相信；确信。根据后文对人工智能创作歌词的质疑可知，作者对此是怀疑的。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但歌曲的歌词通常是基于词作者的经历，他们所经历的事情。A. contributions贡献；B. experiences经历；C. resolution决心；D. fantasy幻想。根据后文“what’s happened to them”和“Lyricists write about falling in love, things that have gone wrong in their lives”可知，歌词基于词作者的经历。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：词作者会写关于坠入爱河、生活中出现的问题，或者像看日出这样简单的快乐。A. anxieties焦虑；B. burdens负担；C. duties职责；D. pleasures快乐。结合常识和“watching the sunrise”可知，看日出是一种简单的快乐。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不确定人工智能是否有潜力向人们传达有意义的东西。A. attain获得；B. broadcast广播；C. communicate传达；D. restore恢复。根据前文“But lyrics for songs are typically based on lyricists’ ____ , what’s happened to them. Lyricists write about falling in love, things that have gone wrong in their lives, or simple ____ like watching the sunrise. AIs don’t do that.”可知，作者质疑人工智能创作歌词的能力，不确定它能否向人们传达有意义的东西。故选C项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Animal Welfare in Tourism Over decades of travelling, I have come across some shocking treatment of animals clearly being exploited for our entertainment. The last time was in Morocco, when I was investigating the macaques they use as attractions in the markets. These poor monkeys were kept in terrible conditions and physically abused. Locked up during the daytime, they’d be brought out in the early evening for photo opportunities with holidaymakers. It seems likely that animal exploitation is increasing with the rise of selfie (自拍) culture, and that it’s not fully understood by much of the public — which is why we desperately need laws to prevent travel companies selling tickets to cruel attractions. Sadly though, the way things stand, it’s an absolutely pointless piece of legislation. While the last government went to the trouble of passing this act, it failed to set out a list of activities banned under it. That means thousands of holidaymakers can continue to buy tickets to attractions that treat animals cruelly this summer. But there are some simple yet powerful things we can all do to help shut down these cruel trades. For starters we need to use the pounds in our pockets as a form of protest. This summer, simply refuse to spend money on any experience that might cause suffering to animals. And blow the whistle hard on any cruelty you come across. You can report incidents of animal cruelty at tourist attractions anywhere in the world to animal welfare organizations, who will use it to create a file of evidence to put pressure on the new government to make sure animals are not pushed aside. Your evidence is vital. It’s time to do better and make sure we choose well when it comes to satisfying our inborn urge to experience the animals we share our planet with. We should have respect for all life and want to treasure it. No five-minute thrill or subsequent social media post we get from an animal encounter is worth a lifetime of misery for them. We need to remember, their lives are as important as ours. 36. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the macaques in Morocco? A. They were part of a wildlife conservation project. B. They were free to move around during the daytime. C. They were taken care of by animal welfare organizations. D. They were caged in the day and used for photos in the evening. 37. Why does the author consider the current law against animal cruelty ineffective? A. It lacks a clear list of banned practices. B. It was rejected by the previous government. C. It only applies to domestic animal abuse. D. It is not supported by the travel companies. 38. What can be inferred about the author’s opinion on “selfie culture”? A. It helps promote animal welfare through social media. B. It contributes to the rise of animal exploitation. C. It encourages tourists to be more environmentally aware. D. It reflects human indifference to animal suffering. 39. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To describe a shocking tourist experience in Morocco. B. To expose animal cruelty in tourism and call for action. C. To analyze the reasons for the increase in animal exploitation. D. To introduce the current laws about animal welfare in tourism. 【答案】36. D 37. A 38. B 39. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章揭露了旅游业中动物遭受虐待的现象，指出当前法律的不足，呼吁人们采取行动保护动物，尊重生命。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The last time was in Morocco, when I was investigating the macaques they use as attractions in the markets. These poor monkeys were kept in terrible conditions and physically abused. Locked up during the daytime, they’d be brought out in the early evening for photo opportunities with holidaymakers. (上一次是在摩洛哥，当时我正在调查他们在市场上用来吸引人的猕猴。这些可怜的猴子被关在恶劣的环境中，受到身体虐待。它们白天被关起来，傍晚时分被带出来和度假者合影)”可知，摩洛哥的猕猴白天被关在笼子里，晚上被用于拍照，所以D项“They were caged in the day and used for photos in the evening.(白天把它们关在笼子里，晚上用来拍照)”是正确表述。故选D项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“While the last government went to the trouble of passing this act, it failed to set out a list of activities banned under it. That means thousands of holidaymakers can continue to buy tickets to attractions that treat animals cruelly this summer. (虽然上届政府费心通过了这项法案，但它没有列出根据该法案禁止的活动清单。这意味着成千上万的度假者今年夏天可以继续购买那些残忍对待动物的景点的门票)”可知，作者认为当前反虐待动物的法律无效是因为它缺乏明确的禁止行为清单。故选A项。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“It seems likely that animal exploitation is increasing with the rise of selfie culture (随着自拍文化的兴起，动物被剥削的现象似乎在增加)”可知，作者认为自拍文化导致了动物被剥削现象的增加。故选B项。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over decades of travelling, I have come across some shocking treatment of animals clearly being exploited for our entertainment. (在几十年的旅行中，我遇到了一些令人震惊的动物待遇，它们显然是为了供我们娱乐而被剥削)”、第二段中“But there are some simple yet powerful things we can all do to help shut down these cruel trades. (但我们都可以做一些简单而有力的事情来帮助取缔这些残忍的交易)”和最后一段中“It’s time to do better and make sure we choose well when it comes to satisfying our inborn urge to experience the animals we share our planet with.(是时候做得更好了，当涉及到满足我们天生的渴望去体验与我们共享地球的动物时，确保我们做出正确的选择)”可知，文章先揭露了旅游业中动物被虐待的现象，然后呼吁人们采取行动。所以文章的主要目的是揭露旅游业中的动物虐待现象并呼吁采取行动。故选B项。 (B) In recent years professional organizations in the foreign language field have collaborated to set professional goals, establish policies, and provide valuable support. Here is a list of key membership organizations. For more information and updates, you can visit the links to these organizations’ sites on the Teacher’s Handbook website. MLA: Founded in 1883, the Modern Language Association (MLA) promotes the study and teaching of languages and literatures and offers opportunities for its members to share their scholarly literary findings and teaching experiences with colleagues. Composed of nearly 30,000 members in 100 countries, MLA hosts an annual convention and other meetings, works with related organizations, and maintains one of the finest publishing programs in the humanities. Its involvement with foreign language teaching and learning specifically is evidenced by its role in the creation of other key organizations. CTFL: The national umbrella organization for the foreign language teaching profession is the Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (CTFL), founded in 1967 by the leadership of the MLA, to address issues of teacher preparation, language instruction, and curriculum development. In recent years, CTFL launched its Research Priorities in Foreign Language Education Program to identify key areas in which research is needed to inform and improve classroom practice and to sponsor this research through funding, publication. TESOL: TESOL stands for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, and the professional association is TESOL International Association. The field of teaching English to speakers of other languages is a professional pursuit that requires specialized training. TESOL differs from teaching English to native speakers of English, since its primary focus is on teaching non-natives to communicate in English and understand cultural practices of English-speaking communities. English as a second language (ESL) educators teach English language learners (ELLs) in countries where English is the dominant language, such as Australia, Canada, England, and the United States. English as a foreign language (EFL) educators teach in countries where English is spoken only as a foreign language, such as Japan and Saudi Arabia. 40. What is the primary focus of the Modern Language Association (MLA)? A. Promoting the teaching of English to speakers of other languages. B. Facilitating the study and teaching of languages and literatures. C. Improving language instruction through specialized training. D. Funding research in foreign language education. 41 What is a significant program initiated by the CTFL in recent years? A. An annual convention for language teachers. B. A language publishing program for literary studies. C. Establishing a global network of language educators. D. The Research Priorities in Foreign Language Education Program. 42. How does TESOL differ from MLA and CTFL? A. TESOL is more focused on literature while MLA and CTFL focus on language. B. TESOL promotes the study of all languages while MLA and CTFL focus on English. C. TESOL is specific to teaching English to non-native speakers, unlike MLA and CTFL. D. TESOL operates in English-speaking countries, while MLA and CTFL work internationally. 【答案】40. B 41. D 42. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了外语领域的三个重要专业组织——MLA、CTFL和TESOL。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据MLA部分中“Founded in 1883, the Modern Language Association (MLA) promotes the study and teaching of languages and literatures and offers opportunities for its members to share their scholarly literary findings and teaching experiences with colleagues.(成立于1883年的现代语言协会(MLA)促进语言和文学的学习与教学，并为其成员提供与同事分享学术文学研究成果和教学经验的机会)”可知，MLA的主要重点是促进语言和文学的学习与教学。故选B项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据CTFL部分中“In recent years, CTFL launched its Research Priorities in Foreign Language Education Program to identify key areas in which research is needed to inform and improve classroom practice and to sponsor this research through funding, publication.(近年来，CTFL发起了外语教育研究优先项目，以确定需要进行研究的关键领域，为课堂实践提供信息并加以改进，并通过资金和出版物来资助这项研究)”可知，CTFL近年来发起的一个重要项目是外语教育研究优先项目。故选D项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据TESOL部分中“TESOL differs from teaching English to native speakers of English, since its primary focus is on teaching non-natives to communicate in English and understand cultural practices of English speaking communities.(TESOL与向以英语为母语的人教授英语不同，因为它的主要重点是教非母语人士用英语进行交流，并了解英语国家的文化习俗)”可知，TESOL专门针对向非母语人士教授英语，这与MLA和CTFL不同。故选C项。 (C) From Crisis to Community Currency The financial crisis of 2008 sent shockwaves throughout many countries in the Eurozone, and indeed the world. One of the hardest hit nations was Greece. For many Greeks this meant being thrown onto the breadline or worse still, plunging below the line of poverty. For others, the credit crunch (信贷紧缩) prevented them from using credit cards as their debts mounted. While most people felt hopeless, many decided to take the bull by the horns. When residents of the small town of Volos found themselves struggling to afford even essential items in euros, what they did was to come up with an alternative currency. They pay for the goods in TEM, TEM being a local alternative currency that people can earn by offering their services or goods to others. The TEM system, which brings to mind the ancient bartering system, operates on an exchange basis. Members of the TEM community gain credit by doing jobs for other people or selling them their own produce. For example, by selling clothes in TEM at the market, a trader could get language or computer lessons in return. As one stall-holder at the market put it, “We have reached the bottom of our lives and we now have to think in a different way.” But it’s not only at the local market that TEM is accepted. Even well-established local shops in Volos will accept both TEM and euros. In some cases, payment can be made in part euro and part TEM. Hard-up customers can, therefore, make more affordable purchases and store owners can cover their costs. So, how does the system operate in practical terms? The system, which has been developed online, requires members to have TEM accounts. These accounts, which are credited when they earn TEM and debited when they make a purchase, are closely regulated by founding members of the TEM community. But for those who feel that parallel currencies are too complicated a matter they can turn to another organization called Peliti. 2002 was the year when Peliti was set up as a national network for the exchange of goods and services without money. Peliti differs from the TEM system as it works purely by bartering. So if, for example, you grow cucumbers and you want someone to cut your hair, you can find a hairdresser in your area who will agree to be paid in cucumbers! These organizations prove that ordinary people can find a way to survive when the going gets tough. When you have nothing to lose, you have everything to gain from alternative ways of life. 43. In the context of the passage, the underlined phrase “to take the bull by the horns” most probably means “_________”. A. to deal with the problem bravely B. to avoid facing a difficult situation C. to accept help from others when in trouble D. to wait patiently for the situation to improve 44. Why was the TEM system created in Volos? A. People feared that the euro would disappear. B. Credit cards were no longer issued to Greeks. C. A substitute currency for the euro had to be found. D. Some people had difficulty paying for goods in euros. 45. According to the passage, the TEM currency can be used ________. A. only at the market in Volos B. in other countries of the Eurozone C. in shops and at the market in Volos D. in shops and markets throughout Greece 46. In comparison with the TEM system, the most significant difference of Peliti is that ________. A. it operates nationwide B. it relies merely on service exchange C. it doesn’t involve an alternative currency D. its members must produce their own goods 【答案】43. A 44. D 45. C 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了希腊受金融危机冲击后，沃洛斯镇推出TEM货币及Peliti组织的情况。 【43题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“The financial crisis of 2008 sent shockwaves throughout many countries in the Eurozone, and indeed the world. One of the hardest hit nations was Greece. For many Greeks this meant being thrown onto the breadline or worse still, plunging below the line of poverty. For others, the credit crunch (信贷紧缩) prevented them from using credit cards as their debts mounted. While most people felt hopeless, many decided to take the bull by the horns. (2008 年的金融危机在欧元区的许多国家乃至全世界都引起了轩然大波。希腊是受冲击最严重的国家之一。对许多希腊人来说，这意味着他们被抛到了贫困线边缘，或者更糟糕的是，陷入了贫困线以下。对另一些人来说，随着债务的增加，信贷紧缩使他们无法使用信用卡。虽然大多数人感到绝望，但许多人还是决定to take the bull by the horns)”以及后文沃洛斯镇居民推出替代货币TEM的做法可知，此处是说人们勇敢地面对困难，想办法解决问题。所以to take the bull by the horns意思是“勇敢地处理问题”。故选A。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“When residents of the small town of Volos found themselves struggling to afford even essential items in euros, what they did was to come up with an alternative currency. They pay for the goods in TEM, TEM being a local alternative currency that people can earn by offering their services or goods to others. (当沃洛斯小镇的居民发现他们甚至难以用欧元支付基本商品时，他们的做法是想出一种替代货币。他们用TEM支付商品，TEM是一种当地的替代货币，人们可以通过向他人提供服务或商品来赚取)”可知，在沃洛斯创建TEM系统是因为一些人在用欧元支付商品时遇到了困难。故选D。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The TEM system, which brings to mind the ancient bartering system, operates on an exchange basis. Members of the TEM community gain credit by doing jobs for other people or selling them their own produce. For example, by selling clothes in TEM at the market, a trader could get language or computer lessons in return. (TEM系统让人想起古代的易货系统，它是在交换的基础上运作的。TEM社区的成员通过为他人工作或向他人出售自己的产品来获得信用。例如，一个商人在市场上用TEM出售衣服，作为回报，他可以得到语言或计算机课程)”以及第四段中“But it’s not only at the local market that TEM is accepted. Even well-established local shops in Volos will accept both TEM and euros. In some cases, payment can be made in part euro and part TEM. (但接受TEM的不仅仅是当地市场。甚至沃洛斯一些知名的当地商店也会同时接受 TEM 和欧元。在某些情况下，可以部分用欧元部分用TEM支付)”可知，TEM货币可以在沃洛斯的商店和市场使用。故选C。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But for those who feel that parallel currencies are too complicated a matter, they can turn to another organization called Peliti. 2002 was the year when Peliti was set up as a national network for the exchange of goods and services without money. Peliti differs from the TEM system as it works purely by bartering. So if, for example, you grow cucumbers and you want someone to cut your hair, you can find a hairdresser in your area who will agree to be paid in cucumbers! (但对于那些认为平行货币太复杂的人来说，他们可以求助于另一个名为Peliti的组织。2002年，Peliti成立，作为一个无需货币进行商品和服务交换的全国性网络。Peliti与TEM系统不同，因为它纯粹是通过易货交易运作的。所以，例如，如果你种黄瓜，你想找人给你理发，你可以在你所在的地区找到一个理发师，他会同意用黄瓜作为报酬！)”可推知，与TEM系统相比，Peliti最显著的区别是它不涉及替代货币，纯粹通过易货交易。故选C。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Fresh Thinking about Fresh Air In 1842, Edwin Chadwick, a British social reformer, published his landmark Report on the Sanitary (卫生的) Condition of the Labouring Population. By highlighting the link between poor public health conditions and poor health, Chadwick’s report revealed social and geographic health inequalities. His findings inspired British cities to organize clean water supplies and centralized waste treatment systems, which significantly reduced infectious diseases. ____47____ Schools serve as a good example of this issue. A study of 100 American classrooms proved that 87 had airflow rates below healthy standards. In Europe, researchers found that 66% of classrooms in countries such as Denmark and France failed to meet acceptable indoor air quality standards. This is alarming, as poor air quality in schools contributes to conditions like asthma (哮喘), which affects nearly one in 13 American children. Outdoor air pollution, which often enters buildings, can further harm brain development, academic performance and even increase cancer risks. ____48____ Most people spend more than 90% of their time indoors, where spaces with poor air flow have been linked to headaches, burnout, asthma and other health issues. Poor air flow has been blamed for decreased workplace productivity and higher absenteeism. Despite its importance, indoor air quality has received little government attention. ____49____ Installing carbon dioxide sensors could inform occupants when to open windows or upgrade air systems. National indoor air quality standards, enforced through air flow certificates similar to food safety ratings, would help ensure safer environments. The cost of better air circulation is modest. Upgrading air circulation in all American schools to meet minimum standards would cost less than 0.1% of annual public education spending. ____50____ As Chadwick’s reforms established clean water as a public expectation, the recent health disaster should inspire policymakers to make clean air an essential standard for all buildings. A. Air circulation is the forgotten part for improved public health. B. But achieving clean, healthful air in buildings is feasible. C. Investments in clean indoor air yield significant returns, boosting academic performance and enhancing workplace productivity. D. The government’s recent plan prioritizes school air flow, setting an example for other countries to follow. E. The problem, however, is not limited to schools. F. Today, another public health priority is emerging: improving indoor air quality. 【答案】47. F 48. E 49. B 50. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章借Edwin Chadwick报告引出空气质量话题，指出学校等室内空气质量差危害健康，室内空气质量未获政府重视，最后呼吁制定标准改善空气质量。 【47题详解】 上文“By highlighting the link between poor public health conditions and poor health, Chadwick’s report revealed social and geographic health inequalities. His findings inspired British cities to organize clean water supplies and centralized waste treatment systems, which significantly reduced infectious diseases.(通过强调恶劣的公共卫生条件与健康不佳之间的联系，查德威克的报告揭示了社会和地域健康不平等问题。他的发现促使英国城市组织清洁水供应和集中污水处理系统，这显著减少了传染病)”讲述了查德威克报告对公共卫生的影响。F选项“Today, another public health priority is emerging: improving indoor air quality.(如今，另一个公共卫生重点正在出现：改善室内空气质量)”与上文形成时间上的对比，引出了新的公共卫生重点，上下文衔接自然。故选F项。 【48题详解】 上文“Schools serve as a good example of this issue. A study of 100 American classrooms proved that 87 had airflow rates below healthy standards...(学校是这个问题的一个很好的例子。一项对100间美国教室的研究证明，87间教室的空气流通率低于健康标准……)”指出学校存在空气质量问题。E选项“The problem, however, is not limited to schools.(然而，这个问题并不局限于学校)”与上文构成转折关系，说明空气质量问题不仅仅存在于学校，引出下文“Most people spend more than 90% of their time indoors, where spaces with poor air flow have been linked to headaches, burnout, asthma and other health issues. Poor air flow has been blamed for decreased workplace productivity and higher absenteeism.(大多数人90%以上的时间都呆在室内，空气不流通的空间与头痛、倦怠、哮喘和其他健康问题有关。空气流通不畅被认为是导致工作效率下降和缺勤率上升的原因)”对其他场所空气质量问题的讨论。故选E项。 【49题详解】 上文“Despite its importance, indoor air quality has received little government attention.(尽管室内空气质量很重要，但政府却很少关注)”指出室内空气质量未得到政府重视这一问题。B选项“But achieving clean, healthful air in buildings is feasible.(但是在建筑物内实现清洁、健康的空气是可行的)”与上文构成转折关系，提出虽然政府不重视，但解决室内空气质量问题是可行的，引出下文的解决办法。故选B项。 【50题详解】 上文“The cost of better air circulation is modest. Upgrading air circulation in all American schools to meet minimum standards would cost less than 0.1% of annual public education spending.(改善空气流通的成本并不高。将美国所有学校的空气流通升级到最低标准的成本不到年度公共教育支出的0.1%)”说明改善空气流通成本低。C选项“Investments in clean indoor air yield significant returns, boosting academic performance and enhancing workplace productivity.(对清洁室内空气的投资会带来显著回报，提高学业成绩和工作场所的生产力)”承接上文，说明在室内空气质量上投入成本低但回报大，上下文逻辑连贯。故选C项。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Is It a Man or a Woman? As technologies become more human-like, there’s been a push to make them genderless. However, Stanford’s Ashley Martin suggests that people still have a fixed perception of gendered objects in traditional ways. While removing gender might seem like a simple way to fix it, Martin’s research indicates that gender remains a fundamental way people form connections with products. In her latest research, participants were asked to rate their attachment to male, female and genderless versions of a self-driving car named “Miuu.” Martin found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to the device –– and their interest in purchasing it. For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless “Miuu” than ones with male or female voices. These findings suggest that gendering a product could lead to higher sales or more consumer loyalty. While gendering products may be good marketing, it may also emphasize outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The qualities commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. “In leadership domains, those are the qualities we want in our leaders, whereas women we see as kind and warm and affectionate,” Martin says. She notes that these qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender. For example, male voice assistants “got things done” and “found the information quickly”, whereas female voice assistants were described as “helpful”. Yet Martin’s study also found that creating a gender-neutral object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound gender-neutral, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it — they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she”. However, Martin sees a silver lining: she believes humanizing products can reduce or reverse stereotypes, like how women in leadership change perceptions. She hopes future research explores how to increase people’s attachment to objects without relying on gender norms. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】(for reference) Despite efforts to create genderless technology, Martin’s research shows people still assign and prefer gendered qualities, enhancing emotional connection and purchase. However, this strengthens the prejudices, with male traits viewed as more powerful and it’s difficult to make gender-neutral products. Martin suggests using humanizing to challenge perceptions to reshape perceptions of gender in society. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，Martin的研究表明，尽管人们在努力创造无性别的科技产品，但人们仍然会赋予并偏爱带有性别特征的产品，从而加强情感联系和购买。然而，这加强了偏见，男性特征被认为更强大，很难制造出中性的产品。马丁建议用人性化来挑战观念，重塑社会对性别的看法。 【详解】1.要点摘录： ① As technologies become more human-like, there’s been a push to make them genderless. However, Stanford’s Ashley Martin suggests that people still have a fixed perception of gendered objects in traditional ways. ② Martin found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to the device –– and their interest in purchasing it.  ③ While gendering products may be good marketing, it may also emphasize outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The qualities commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. ④ Yet Martin’s study also found that creating a gender-neutral object was difficult. ⑤However, Martin sees a silver lining: she believes humanizing products can reduce or reverse stereotypes, like how women in leadership change perceptions. She hopes future research explores how to increase people’s attachment to objects without relying on gender norms. 2.缜密构思：将1、2点总结；3、4点总结；5要点分说。 3.遣词造句： Despite efforts to create genderless technology, Martin’s research shows people still assign and prefer gendered qualities, enhancing emotional connection and purchase. However, this strengthens the prejudices, with male traits viewed as more powerful and it’s difficult to make gender-neutral products. Martin suggests using humanizing to challenge perceptions to reshape perceptions of gender in society. 【点睛】【点睛】 【高分句型 1】Despite efforts to create genderless technology, Martin’s research shows people still assign and prefer gendered qualities, enhancing emotional connection and purchase.（运用了现在分词作状语） 【高分句型 2】Martin suggests using humanizing to challenge perceptions to reshape perceptions of gender in society.（运用了动名词作宾语） IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这个方案看似简单，实际操作起来却需要丰富的经验。(require) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This plan may seem simple, but its actual implementation requires rich experience. This scheme may appear simple, but it requires a lot of experience in practice. 【解析】 【详解】考查连词、名词、动词和时态。“这个方案看似简单”是分句，主语“这个方案”译为this plan，其中“看似”表示一种“可能”，用情态动词may，“看似简单”译为may seem simple，是系表结构，在情态动词后系动词seem用原形；“实际操作起来却需要丰富的经验”是并列分句，与前一分句是转折关系，用连词but连接，主语“实际操作”译为its actual implementation ，谓语“需要”用动词require，描述客观事实用一般现在时态，主语是不可数名词，谓语用单数形式requires，宾语“丰富的经验”译为rich experience；也可以用scheme表示“方案”，appear表示“看似”，a lot of experience表示“丰富的经验”， in practice表示“实际操作中”，综上，全句译为：This plan may seem simple, but its actual implementation requires rich experience./This scheme may appear simple, but it requires a lot of experience in practice. 53. 幸亏你及时提醒我查阅文献，导师在面试中问到了数据来源。 (reminder) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Your timely reminder to consult the literature helped me, since the advisor asked about the source of the data during the interview. Thank you for your timely reminder to consult the literature, and the tutor asked about the data source during the interview. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词和原因状语从句。 原句可以转述为“你及时提醒我查阅文献帮助了我，因为导师在面试中问到了数据来源。”；“你及时的提醒”表达为 your timely reminder，作主语；“查阅文献”用 consult the literature，此处用动词不定式 to consult the literature 作后置定语，修饰reminder，表明提醒的具体内容；“帮助我”用动宾结构help me，结合语境，事情发生在过去，所 help要用过去式 helped；“因为，幸亏”用since引导原因状语从句，在从句中，“导师”用the advisor作主语，“问到”用ask about，根据语境用一般过去时，即asked about，“数据来源”用 the source of the data 作宾语，“在面试中”用 during the interview 作时间状语。 故翻译为Your timely reminder to consult the literature helped me, since the advisor asked about the source of the data during the interview. 考查固定表达、时态、非谓语。 “幸亏你……” 用固定表达Thank you for...来表达；“你及时的提醒”用your timely reminder表达，作介词for的宾语。 “查阅文献”用 consult the literature，此处用动词不定式 to consult the literature作后置定语，修饰reminder，表明提醒的具体内容。and连接前后两个句子，起顺承作用。“导师”用the tutor表示，作后半句的主语。“问到”用ask about，结合语境，事情发生在过去，所以ask要用过去式asked。“数据来源”用the data source表达，作ask about的宾语。“在面试中”用during the interview作时间状语。故翻译为Thank you for your timely reminder to consult the literature, and the tutor asked about the data source during the interview. 54. 如何让莘莘学子更好地适应未来生活，很多高中和大学都已将该问题提上日程。(how) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】How to enable numerous students to better adapt to future life has already been put on the agenda in many senior high schools and universities. It has already been put on the agenda by many senior high schools and universities how these educational institutions can enable numerous students to better adapt to future life. 【解析】 【详解】考查“疑问词 + 不定式”结构、动词短语、时态和语态。“如何让莘莘学子更好地适应未来生活”作主语，可处理为“疑问词 + 不定式”复合结构，“如何”用疑问词how，“让莘莘学子”用enable numerous students to，“更好地适应未来生活”用动词短语better adapt to future life，整体构成“疑问词 + 不定式”结构“how to enable numerous students to better adapt to future life；“已将……提上日程”作谓语，用动词短语put...on the agenda，根据语境，事情已经发生，用现在完成时，且主语和谓语之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，用has already been put on the agenda；“很多高中和大学”作地点状语，用介词短语in many senior high schools and universities。综上，全句译为：How to enable numerous students to better adapt to future life has already been put on the agenda in many senior high schools and universities. 55. 不必焦虑，包粽子虽看似复杂，其实只要依循步骤操作，便能轻松掌握这一传统手艺。(craft)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There is no need to worry, because making Zongzi seems complex, but in fact we will be able to master this traditional craft with ease as long as we follow the directions. Don’t be anxious. Although making Zongzi seems complicated, in fact, as long as you follow the instructions, you can easily master this traditional craft. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句式、原因状语从句、条件状语从句和短语。“不必焦虑”可使用固定句式“there is no need to worry”，描述一般性事实用一般现在时态。“包粽子虽看似复杂，其实只要依循步骤操作，便能轻松掌握这一传统手艺”是不必焦虑的原因，可处理成because引导的原因状语从句，其中“包粽子虽看似复杂”是从句中的分句，主语“包粽子”用动名词短语“making Zongzi”，“看似复杂”用“seem complex”，是系表结构，描述一般性事实用一般现在时态seems complex；“其实只要依循步骤操作，便能轻松掌握这一传统手艺”是并列分句，与前一分句之间有转折关系，用连词but连接，“其实”用介词短语“in fact”作状语，“只要依循步骤操作，便能轻松掌握这一传统手艺”需要处理为带条件状语从句的主从复合句，主句“便能轻松掌握这一传统手艺”中补充主语we，译为we will be able to master this traditional craft with ease，条件状语从句“只要依循步骤操作”可译为as long as we follow the directions。综上，全句译为：There is no need to worry, because making Zongzi seems complex, but in fact we will be able to master this traditional craft with ease as long as we follow the directions. V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假如你是明启中学高三学生李明，在本期学校英语报的“Troubleshooter（排忧解难）”专栏读到Mike的来信（内容如下）。你通过该专栏给Mike写一封回信，提供建议，帮助他脱离困境。你的回信须包括： （1） 你的建议； （2） 你的理由。 Troubleshooter I’m a freshman facing dorm troubles. One roommate smokes indoors, another watches videos late at night without using earphones. One roommate takes a shower only once a week, which is really disgusting. What can I do? Please help! — Mike _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Mike, I understand your situation as a freshman in a dorm. Dealing with roommates’ habits can be challenging. Here are some suggestions that might help. Firstly, communicate openly with your roommates. Express your concerns about smoking indoors, watching videos loudly at night, and infrequent showers. They may not be aware of the inconvenience they cause. Secondly, establish dorm rules together. Agree on quiet hours, smoking areas, and shower schedules. This can create a more harmonious living environment. Remember, patience and understanding are key. Everyone has different habits, and it takes time to adjust. I hope these suggestions can help you resolve your dorm troubles. Best regards, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给Mike写一封回信，针对Mike遇到的宿舍问题提供建议，并给出理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 ①情况：situation → circumstance ②处理：deal with → cope with ③担忧：concern → anxiety ④建议：suggestion → advice 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Agree on quiet hours, smoking areas, and shower schedules. This can create a more harmonious living environment.     拓展句：Agree on quiet hours, smoking areas, and shower schedules, which can create a more harmonious living environment.     【点睛】【高分句型1】They may not be aware of the inconvenience they cause.(运用了省略了关系代词that/which的限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】I hope these suggestions can help you resolve your dorm troubles.(运用了省略了连接词that的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $