专题09 阅读表达（大题专练）（北京专用）2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲练测

专题09 阅读表达 目录 命题·趋势·定位 2 热点·角度·拆解 2 析典例·建模型 3 （2025·北京·高考真题） 3 研考点·通技法 5 （2025·北京·高考真题） 5 研考点·通技法 6 破类题·提能力 7 （2026·东城·期末） 7 刷模拟 9 （2026·西城·期末） 9 （2026·朝阳·期末） 12 （2026·海淀·期末） 15 （2026·丰台·期末） 17 刷真题 20 （2024·北京·高考真题） 20 （2023·北京·高考真题） 22 （2022·北京·高考真题） 24 （2021·北京·高考真题） 27 内容导航 【命题解码·定方向】命题趋势+3年高考真题热点角度拆解 【解题建模·通技法】析典例，建模型，技法贯通破类题/变式 【实战刷题·冲高分】精选高考大题+名校模拟题，强化实战能力，得高分 命题·趋势·定位 1. 选材特点 - 文章来源：英文报刊、青少年杂志、科技网站、教育专栏，紧跟社会前沿。 - 主题方向：科技发明、创新实践、生态环保、心理健康、习惯养成、社会研究、前沿科学。 - 话题特征：紧扣社会热点、青少年成长、科技创新、人文科普，信息密度高、观点明确。 2. 语篇结构 - 多为说明文、议论文、新闻记叙文，结构严谨。 - 典型结构：总—分—总、提出问题→举例论证→得出结论、现象→研究→启示。 - 段落功能清晰：首段点题，中间举例/说明，尾段升华/给出建议。 3. 命题热点 - 细节查找：定位原文信息，原句改写或简要概括作答。 - 开放表达：结合文章与自身经历，40词左右简要作答。 - 高频主题：创新实践、独立与合作、习惯养成、冲突解决、环保健康、科学精神。 4. 常见设问形式 - 细节题：What...? / Why...? / How...?（原文定位作答） - 正误说明题：Underline the false part and explain why. - 主旨/启示题：What can you learn from...?（约40词） - 推理题：What does the writer want to tell us? 热点·角度·拆解 2023-2025高考考点细目（阅读表达） 卷别 词数 主题 话题 命题形式 2025・北京卷 380 人与社会 青少年心理健康、情绪管理的科学研究 细节理解题、开放表达题 2024・北京卷 375 人与自然 海洋塑料污染治理、环保创新技术应用 细节理解题、开放表达题 2023・北京卷 382 人与自我 高效学习方法、大脑记忆的科学原理 细节理解题、开放表达题 2022・北京卷 378 人与社会 人工智能发展、青少年数字素养培养 细节理解题、开放表达题 2021・北京卷 215 人与自我 校园图书馆新书推荐与借阅规则 细节理解题、开放表达题 热点角度01 细节理解题 析典例·建模型 （2025·北京·高考真题） There’s something magical about the way imagination works. Around the world, kids are using imagination in ways that were once only found in science fiction. Take the story of Mark Lee. He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. Instead of simply complaining, he decided to do something about it. Using an old 3D printer, Mark started experimenting. He melted (熔化) plastic bottles down and tried shaping them into small bricks. At first, everything went wrong — the plastic broke, the printer jammed, and the pieces didn’t fit together. Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up. But Mark had a different idea. He redesigned the bricks to lock together like puzzle (拼图) pieces and adjusted the heating temperature carefully. After months of trial and error, he succeeded. With a little help from his school and the local community centre, Mark used his bricks to build a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood. And he’s not alone. Thirteen-year-old Sally Carter loved reading fantasy books. Inspired by magical maps in her stories, she wondered: what if we could build a real-world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. Their app quickly grew popular in town and even won a local youth innovation award. Next time you see a young person lost in thought, don’t rush to pull them back. They might just be imagining the next great idea. 40. What upset Mark when he was biking around his neighbourhood? _____________________________________________________________ 41. How does the app created by Sally and her friends help? _____________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > With encouragement from his friends and parents, Mark built a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood after months of trial and error. _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. 41. It helps people explore hidden places like small local parks and gardens in their own cities. 42. According to the passage, friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up; so this part With encouragement from his friends and parents is false. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Mark Lee和Sally Carter两位青少年发挥想象力并付诸实践的故事，鼓励年轻人积极发挥想象力，勇敢尝试。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. (他喜欢在社区里骑自行车，但看到公园和人行道上到处都是塑料瓶，他很沮丧。)” 可知，让Mark沮丧的是看到公园和人行道上有很多塑料瓶。故填 Seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第五段“what if we could build a real - world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. (如果我们能开发一个现实世界的应用程序，帮助人们探索他们自己城市里隐藏的地方会怎么样呢？她召集了朋友们，学习了一些基本的编程知识，然后他们一起开发了一个应用程序，该程序可以绘制出很少有人知道的当地小公园和花园的地图。)” 可知，Sally和她朋友创建的应用程序帮助人们探索自己城市里像小公园和花园这样隐藏的地方。故填It helps people explore hidden places like small local parks and gardens in their own cities. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up. (朋友们有点嘲笑，甚至Mark的父母都认为他应该放弃。)” 可知，Mark并没有得到朋友和父母的鼓励，所以“With encouragement from his friends and parents” 这部分是错误的。故填According to the passage, friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up; so this part With encouragement from his friends and parents is false. 【解题建模】 第一步，圈画题干定位词（人名、动作、问题核心） 第二步，回原文定位答题句，锁定关键信息 第三步，提取 / 概括答案，或对比原文判断正误，规范作答 研考点·通技法 步骤 步骤名称 操作说明 第一步 确定定位词 在题干中提取核心定位词（如人名、事件、问题核心、关键动词等），锁定答题范围 第二步 找到答题句 用定位词回原文定位，找到包含定位词 / 其同义替换的句子，研读该句及上下文，提取关键信息 第三步 规范作答 针对简答题：提炼原文信息，用完整、准确的句子作答；针对判断改错题：对比原文找出错误表述，标注错误部分并结合原文说明理由 热点角度02 开放表达 （2025·北京·高考真题） There’s something magical about the way imagination works. Around the world, kids are using imagination in ways that were once only found in science fiction. Take the story of Mark Lee. He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. Instead of simply complaining, he decided to do something about it. Using an old 3D printer, Mark started experimenting. He melted (熔化) plastic bottles down and tried shaping them into small bricks. At first, everything went wrong — the plastic broke, the printer jammed, and the pieces didn’t fit together. Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up. But Mark had a different idea. He redesigned the bricks to lock together like puzzle (拼图) pieces and adjusted the heating temperature carefully. After months of trial and error, he succeeded. With a little help from his school and the local community centre, Mark used his bricks to build a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood. And he’s not alone. Thirteen-year-old Sally Carter loved reading fantasy books. Inspired by magical maps in her stories, she wondered: what if we could build a real-world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. Their app quickly grew popular in town and even won a local youth innovation award. Next time you see a young person lost in thought, don’t rush to pull them back. They might just be imagining the next great idea. 43. How can you put your imagination into practice as Mark and Sally did? (In about 40 words) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】 43. First, spot a problem you care about. Then, experiment boldly or create. Learn relevant skills if needed, persist through setbacks, and ask friends or communities for help to keep trying despite difficulties to turn your ideas into real solutions. 【解析】 【43题详解】 考查开放性试题。结合Mark和Sally的故事，可知他们都是先发现问题或有想法，然后勇敢尝试，必要时学习相关技能，面对困难坚持不懈。故填First, spot a problem you care about. Then, experiment boldly or create. Learn relevant skills if needed, persist through setbacks, and ask friends or communities for help to keep trying despite difficulties to turn your ideas into real solutions. 【解题建模】 第一步：提炼原文核心逻辑 先通读全文，梳理 Mark 和 Sally 的共性行动逻辑：发现问题 / 产生创意→主动尝试 / 学习技能→直面挫折、坚持不懈→借助外部支持落地实践，提取可迁移的核心做法。 第二步：锚定题干要求 明确题目设问核心：“如何像 Mark 和 Sally 一样将想象力付诸实践”，同时注意字数限制（约 40 词），确保作答紧扣 “实践想象力” 的主题，不偏离原文人物的行为逻辑。 第三步：整合信息、规范作答 结合提炼的核心逻辑，用简洁、连贯的英文组织答案，覆盖 “发现问题、勇于尝试、坚持、求助” 等关键要素，控制字数符合要求，确保语言准确、符合高考评分标准。 研考点·通技法 步骤 步骤名称 操作说明 第一步 提炼原文逻辑 梳理文中人物的共性行动，提取 “发现问题→尝试实践→克服挫折→落地创意” 的可迁移核心做法 第二步 锚定题干要求 明确设问核心与字数限制，确保作答紧扣 “将想象力付诸实践” 的主题，不偏离题意 第三步 整合规范作答 用简洁连贯的英文组织答案，覆盖关键要素，控制字数，保证语言准确、符合评分标准 破类题·提能力 （2026·东城·期末） History is full of stories suggesting that scientific breakthroughs happen suddenly, in a flash of inspiration. Perhaps the most famous of these concerns Isaac Newton, a physicist, who was supposedly sitting under a tree in his mother's garden when an apple fell on his head. Thanks to this, Newton came up with his theory of gravity. Nearly two thousand years earlier, the mathematician and physicist Archimedes was struggling with a problem that nobody could find the answer to-how to accurately measure the volume of an object. When he noticed the water in his bathtub rising as he got in, the solution came to him. "Eureka!" he reportedly proclaimed, which means "I've found it" in Ancient Greek. Apparently, he was so excited by his discovery, which became very influential, that he jumped out of the bathtub and ran into the street to tell everyone! These two stories, both of which involve scientists suddenly solving problems that they'd been working on, have been told for centuries. People enjoy the simplicity of the stories when they think of the images of an apple falling from a tree or an old man jumping out of the bathtub. Perhaps the two stories even lead us to believe that we too can make great discoveries if we're lucky enough to have our own "Eureka moment." But, in reality, such discoveries usually follow years of hard work and serious scientific analysis, most of which isn't of interest to people in the same way as the two stories mentioned previously. Recent studies suggest that effective problem-solving often requires two types of attention. The first stage is analytical thinking, which involves paying close attention to detail. This stage may take years or even decades. But there comes a point when we must step away from the problem and give it space and time. And it's during this less focused stage, when we're in the bathtub, or under an apple tree, that our "Eureka moments" are more likely to come. 40. When did Archimedes find the solution to the problem he was struggling with? 41. What do the two stories have in common? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. · People are interested in Eureka stories because they admire the process of scientific discovery. 43. Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what else contributes to problem-solving? (In about 40 words) 答案 40. When he noticed the water in his bathtub rising as he got in. 41. Both involve scientists suddenly solving problems that they'd been working on. 42. People are interested in Eureka stories because they admire the process of scientific discovery. Explanation: People are interested in Eureka stories because of their simplicity (the images of an apple falling from a tree or an old man jumping out of the bathtub), not because they admire the process of scientific discovery. 43. Example: Persistence and effective communication with others can contribute to problem-solving. Persistence helps us stick to challenges, and communication brings different perspectives to find solutions. 导语 本文是一篇议论文，围绕科学发现的“顿悟时刻”展开，以牛顿和阿基米德的经典故事引入，指出人们偏爱这类简单的顿悟故事，但科学发现实则源于多年的努力，还介绍了有效解决问题需要的两种注意力模式。 40题详解 题型：细节理解题 解题依据：根据第二段“When he noticed the water in his bathtub rising as he got in, the solution came to him.”可知，阿基米德在进入浴缸时发现水位上升，此时想到了问题的解决办法。 答案：When he noticed the water in his bathtub rising as he got in. 41题详解 题型：细节理解题 解题依据：根据第三段“These two stories, both of which involve scientists suddenly solving problems that they'd been working on, have been told for centuries.”可知，两个故事的共性是都讲述了科学家突然解决了他们一直钻研的问题。 答案：Both involve scientists suddenly solving problems that they'd been working on. 42题详解 题型：正误判断题 解题依据：根据第三段“People enjoy the simplicity of the stories when they think of the images of an apple falling from a tree or an old man jumping out of the bathtub.”可知，人们喜欢顿悟故事的原因是其情节的简单性，而非欣赏科学发现的过程，这是题干的错误点。 答案：下划线：because they admire the process of scientific discovery 解析：People are interested in Eureka stories because of their simplicity (the images of an apple falling from a tree or an old man jumping out of the bathtub), not because they admire the process of scientific discovery. 43题详解 题型：开放性试题 答题思路：题干要求补充除原文外有助于解决问题的因素，需结合实际，给出合理且具体的因素，说明该因素的作用，控制在40词左右。 示例答案：Persistence and effective communication with others can contribute to problem-solving. Persistence helps us stick to challenges, and communication brings different perspectives to find solutions. （建议用时：45分钟） 刷模拟 （2026·西城·期末） As a freshman, I had no idea how to become a scientist. The process felt cloudy and overwhelming. But things began to change after my first meeting with the professor who became my lab supervisor. Throughout college, she provided support professionally and personally. I became empowered and my confidence grew. Being an advisor at my Ph.D. university seemed a great opportunity to do the same for others. I enthusiastically applied and was excited to be matched with a student. But as our first meeting drew close, uncertainty set in. What if she asks a question that I have no idea about? How could I be ready for this leadership role when I still have so far to go myself? The day of our first meeting, I was terrified. But once my student joined the call, seeming very enthusiastic about meeting me, and started to talk about herself, I had a flashback to my own college experience. I remembered struggling to handle getting into a research lab and applying to graduate school. This student was probably going through something similar-feeling both uncertainty and a fierce determination to achieve her professional goals. We ended the meeting setting some practical goals for the year, including writing her personal statement and practicing research presentations. As our sessions continued, I still went into each one, worried that I would not be prepared to solve every problem my student encountered. What mattered most, I realized, was not to be some imaginary perfect teacher with all the answers, but to get to know my student including her hopes and ambitions, and offer whatever guidance and support I could, based on my own experiences. When I did not know the answer to an issue she raised, I was honest about it and did my best to listen, provide feedback, and allow her to determine her best course of action. Sometimes, I was there simply to provide a safe space to vent (发泄).I could help even when I did not have a solution. A few months after submitting her graduate school applications, my student sent an email thanking me for my support and guidance, which she said helped increase her confidence. She probably doesn't know that she helped increase my confidence, too. This was a journey of mutual empowerment, making both of us stronger along the way. 40. What change did the professor bring about in the author? 41. How did the author and the student end their first meeting? 42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. · According to the author, the most important thing was to have the answers to the student’s questions and provide her with support and guidance. 43. Give one example of your own real-life “mutual empowerment”. (In about 40 words) 答案 40. The professor provided professional and personal support, making the author empowered and more confident. 41. They set some practical goals for the year, including writing the student's personal statement and practicing research presentations. 42. According to the author, the most important thing was to have the answers to the student’s questions and provide her with support and guidance. Explanation: The author realized that the most important thing was to get to know the student (her hopes and ambitions) and offer guidance and support based on his own experiences, not to have all the answers. 43. Example: When preparing for a group speech, my partner and I helped each other. She improved my pronunciation, and I organized the speech structure. We both performed well and gained confidence. 导语 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者受大学教授的帮助和鼓励后，成为博士生导师指导学生，在这个过程中作者从最初的焦虑不安，到逐渐领悟指导的真谛，最终实现了与学生的相互赋能，彼此都收获了自信。 40题详解 题型：细节理解题 解题依据：根据第一段“Throughout college, she provided support professionally and personally. I became empowered and my confidence grew.”可知，教授为作者提供了专业和个人层面的支持，让作者变得有力量且自信心提升。 答案：The professor provided professional and personal support, making the author empowered and more confident. 41题详解 题型：细节理解题 解题依据：根据第三段“We ended the meeting setting some practical goals for the year, including writing her personal statement and practicing research presentations.”可知，作者和学生在第一次会面的最后制定了年度实际目标，包括撰写个人陈述和练习研究报告展示。 答案：They set some practical goals for the year, including writing the student's personal statement and practicing research presentations. 42题详解 题型：正误判断题 解题依据：根据第四段“What mattered most, I realized, was not to be some imaginary perfect teacher with all the answers, but to get to know my student including her hopes and ambitions, and offer whatever guidance and support I could, based on my own experiences.”可知，作者认为最重要的并非拥有学生所有问题的答案，而是了解学生并结合自身经历提供指导，这是题干的错误点。 答案：下划线：to have the answers to the student’s questions 解析：The author realized that the most important thing was to get to know the student (her hopes and ambitions) and offer guidance and support based on his own experiences, not to have all the answers. 43题详解 题型：开放性试题 答题思路：题干要求结合自身经历举例说明“相互赋能”，需描述具体的场景，说明彼此的帮助和双方的收获，控制在40词左右。 示例答案：When preparing for a group speech, my partner and I helped each other. She improved my pronunciation, and I organized the speech structure. We both performed well and gained confidence. （2026·朝阳·期末） Think about the toughest period of your life. The time you felt most lost, most challenged, most broken. It probably felt like an impassable wall, a dead end. But what if that wall was actually a doorway? What if the struggle itself was the very thing you needed to grow? There's a beautiful, ancient Latin phrase that expresses this idea perfectly: Ad Astra per Aspera. It translates to "a tough road leads to the stars," and it is one of the most powerful and inspiring philosophical ideas ever packed into four little words. This phrase isn't some modern, feel-good statement. It's old. Really old. It's been adopted as a motto by countless families, cities, and even used by space programs, which is beautifully literal. The phrase has lasted for centuries because it speaks to a fundamental truth: greatness is not born from comfort. Let's break it down. The "Aspera" part means "hardships" or "difficulties". This isn't just about minor inconveniences. It refers to the real, painful struggles of life-failure, loss, and doubt. Our modern culture often teaches us to avoid pain at all costs, to seek the smoothest, easiest path. But "Ad Astra per Aspera" challenges that view. It suggests that the "Aspera" is not a detour (绕道) from the path; it is the path. The "Astra" part of the phrase means "the stars". The stars represent your biggest dreams, and your best self. It could be a specific goal, like starting a business or healing a relationship. Or it could be a state of being, like finding peace, wisdom, or purpose. The beauty of the phrase is that "the stars" are personal to you, but the message is universal: The journey to the stars is not a flight; it's a climb up a jagged (崎岖的) mountain. 40. What does the phrase “Ad Astra per Aspera” literally mean? 41. Why has the phrase “Ad Astra per Aspera” lasted for centuries? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. · The beauty of the phrase “Ad Astra per Aspera” is that both its message and the “Astra” are universal. 43. How can “Aspera” lead you to “Astra”? (In about 40 words) 答案 40. It literally means "a tough road leads to the stars". 41. Because it speaks to a fundamental truth: greatness is not born from comfort. 42. The beauty of the phrase “Ad Astra per Aspera” is that both its message and the “Astra” are universal. Explanation: The beauty of the phrase is that "the stars" (Astra) are personal to each person, while the message is universal. 43. Example: Hardships (Aspera) teach us resilience and lessons. By overcoming them, we gain experience and grow, eventually moving closer to our dreams (Astra). 导语 本文是一篇议论文，以人生的困境为切入点，引出拉丁语短语“Ad Astra per Aspera”（艰难之路，通往星辰），解析了短语的含义和内涵，指出艰难困苦并非成功的阻碍，而是通往梦想的必经之路，这一理念具有普世的启发意义。 40题详解 题型：细节理解题 解题依据：根据第一段“It translates to 'a tough road leads to the stars'”可知，该短语的字面意思是“艰难之路通往星辰”。 答案：It literally means "a tough road leads to the stars". 41题详解 题型：细节理解题 解题依据：根据第二段“The phrase has lasted for centuries because it speaks to a fundamental truth: greatness is not born from comfort.”可知，该短语能流传数百年是因为它道出了一个基本真理：伟大并非源于安逸。 答案：Because it speaks to a fundamental truth: greatness is not born from comfort. 42题详解 题型：正误判断题 解题依据：根据最后一段“The beauty of the phrase is that 'the stars' are personal to you, but the message is universal”可知，该短语的美在于“星辰”对每个人而言是个性化的，而背后的寓意是普世的，题干中说“星辰”是普世的为错误点。 答案：下划线：both its message and the “Astra” are universal 解析：The beauty of the phrase is that "the stars" (Astra) are personal to each person, while the message is universal. 43题详解 题型：开放性试题 答题思路：题干要求说明困境如何让人走向梦想，需结合短语内涵，说明困境带来的成长（如韧性、经验），以及克服困境后的收获，控制在40词左右。 示例答案：Hardships (Aspera) teach us resilience and lessons. By overcoming them, we gain experience and grow, eventually moving closer to our dreams (Astra). （2026·海淀·期末） With climate change and rapid urbanization, many cities are at the serious risk of flooding. To tackle this problem, Chinese researchers first proposed the "sponge city" concept - an urban planning strategy that uses nature to sustainably manage water, reducing reliance on concrete pipes and dams. How do sponge cities work? These cities combine sustainable technologies and functional landscaping, including pavements that allow water to go down into the ground; urban parks and green spaces that act as places to hold water during heavy rain and as recreational zones during dry periods; urban wetlands that naturally filter water and promote biodiversity; waterways and channels that are linked together to efficiently transport and store water. All these elements transform the urban landscape into a "sponge" capable of absorbing and relcasing water according to climate conditions. The benefits of the sponge city approach are diverse. Beyond its primary function of reducing flood risk and easing pressure on drainage systems, this strategy significantly enhances urban livability. How is this possible? It creates extensive green zones that expand healthy public spaces for recreation, improve air quality, and support increased urban biodiversity. This urban planning model has achieved widespread international recognition. In China, it was officially adopted as a nationwide policy in 2014, with cities like Wthan and Beijing leading implementation efforts. Following devastating floods of a 2011 storm, the city of Copenhagen launched its own sponge city transformation plan. Fundamental to the strategy are green infrastructure (基础设施)elements, such as redesigned parks that serve as retention basins during heavy rains, along with blue infrastructure like the city's extensive canal network to channel and store excess water. The sponge city strategy signals a smarter way forward in city-building: greener, more resilient, and matched to today's environmental challenges. At its core, it's more than a fix for climate chaos - it's an investment in the well-being of future generations. 40. According to the passage, what does the "sponge city" concept refer to? 41. What are the benefits of the sponge city approach? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. · The sponge city transformation plan of Copenhagen involves building new parks and making use of its canal network. 43. In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what other way(s) would you propose to make your city more livable? (In about 40 words) 答案 40. It refers to an urban planning strategy that uses nature to sustainably manage water, reducing reliance on concrete pipes and dams. 41. It reduces flood risk, eases pressure on drainage systems, enhances urban livability, expands healthy public spaces, improves air quality, and supports urban biodiversity. 42. The sponge city transformation plan of Copenhagen involves building new parks and making use of its canal network. According to the passage, the sponge city transformation plan of Copenhagen involves redesigning new parks and making use of its canal network. 43. Example: We can promote shared transportation to reduce traffic jams and air pollution, and set up more community service centers to provide convenient daily services for residents. 导语 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了应对城市内涝的“海绵城市”理念，阐释了海绵城市的工作原理、多重益处，还列举了中国和哥本哈根的实施案例，指出海绵城市是更智慧的城市建设模式，是对后代福祉的投资。 40题详解 题型：细节理解题 解题依据：根据第一段“Chinese researchers first proposed the 'sponge city' concept - an urban planning strategy that uses nature to sustainably manage water, reducing reliance on concrete pipes and dams.”可知，海绵城市是一种利用自然可持续管理水资源，减少对混凝土管道和水坝依赖的城市规划策略。 答案：It refers to an urban planning strategy that uses nature to sustainably manage water, reducing reliance on concrete pipes and dams. 41题详解 题型：细节理解题 解题依据：根据第三段“Beyond its primary function of reducing flood risk and easing pressure on drainage systems, this strategy significantly enhances urban livability... expand healthy public spaces for recreation, improve air quality, and support increased urban biodiversity.”可知，海绵城市的益处包含减少涝灾风险、缓解排水系统压力、提升城市宜居性、拓展休闲公共空间、改善空气质量、助力城市生物多样性提升。 答案：It reduces flood risk, eases pressure on drainage systems, enhances urban livability, expands healthy public spaces, improves air quality, and supports urban biodiversity. 42题详解 题型：正误判断题 解题依据：根据第四段“Fundamental to the strategy are green infrastructure elements, such as redesigned parks that serve as retention basins during heavy rains”可知，哥本哈根的海绵城市计划是重新设计现有公园，而非建造新公园，这是题干的错误点。 答案：下划线：building new parks 解析：According to the passage, the sponge city transformation plan of Copenhagen involves redesigning existing parks and making use of its canal network. 43题详解 题型：开放性试题 答题思路：题干要求补充让城市更宜居的方法，需结合城市发展的实际需求，提出具体、可行的措施，说明措施的作用，控制在40词左右。 示例答案：We can promote shared transportation to reduce traffic jams and air pollution, and set up more community service centers to provide convenient daily services for residents. （2026·丰台·期末） Last year, when Andre Rouhani and Gabriela Reyes toured Culdesac Tempe, a rental development outside of Phoenix, the place looked pretty sweet. It had pleasant walkways, unique shops, and low white buildings. The only surprise came when Mr. Rouhani asked about resident parking and was told there was none. The couple had a baby on the way. “Long story short, we decided that all the pros outweigh the cons. It’s the best place I’ve ever lived,” Mr. Rouhani said. Modeled on towns in Italy and Greece, Culdesac Tempe is what its developer, Ryan Johnson, calls the country’s first neighborhood purposely built to be car free. Mr. Johnson said he wanted to offer a blueprint for living in a walkable place, even in a car-centric state. “This is completely different from the modern, conventional approach to development. It is a very big deal,” said Mr. Johnson. Culdesac’s buildings are designed for the desert climate, painted bright white to reflect heat. Without the need for residential parking, its architects arranged buildings to maximize shade and built narrow pathways to encourage breezes. “The pedestrian is the primary person,” said Alexandra Vondeling, the lead architect. While there’s a short-term parking lot for deliveries and guests, residents are expected to get around by the nearby light-rail system, buses and electric bikes. Living in a place without cars means the pace is slower, with more opportunity for connection, Mr. Rouhani said. In the days after their daughter was born, three neighbours brought a meal, dropped off cookies or offered to go buy them groceries. “We really feel supported and loved here,” he said. “It’s one of the best things we can do for climate, health and low cost of living, even low cost of government,” said Mr. Johnson, who lives at Culdesac, too. “It’s also a better lifestyle.” 40. Why was Andre Rouhani surprised when he first visited Culdesac Tempe? 41. What design features help Culdesac Tempe to adapt to the desert climate? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. · Living in a place without cars, residents in Culdesac Tempe have limited social life. 43. How would you design your community as Ryan Johnson did to make it a better place to live in? (In about 40 words) 答案 40. Because there was no resident parking. 41. The buildings were painted bright white to reflect heat, and its architects arranged buildings to maximize shade and built narrow pathways to encourage breezes. 42. Living in a place without cars, residents in Culdesac Tempe have limited social life. According to the passage, living in a place without cars means the pace is slower, with more opportunity for connection. 43. To make my community better, I would first advocate for building safe bike lanes and pedestrian zones to reduce car reliance. Then, creating small public gardens can provide green spaces for neighbors to meet and connect, just like the strong community bonds described in Culdesac. (45w) 导语 本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了美国凤凰城郊外的无车社区Culdesac Tempe，讲述了一对夫妇选择居住在此的经历，描述了社区的设计特点、居民的出行方式，以及无车社区为居民带来的慢生活和紧密的邻里关系，同时指出其对气候、健康的积极意义。 40题详解 题型：细节理解题 解题依据：根据第一段“The only surprise came when Mr. Rouhani asked about resident parking and was told there was none.”可知，Andre Rouhani感到惊讶的原因是该社区没有居民停车位。 答案：Because there was no resident parking. 41题详解 题型：细节理解题 解题依据：根据第四段“Culdesac’s buildings are designed for the desert climate, painted bright white to reflect heat... arranged buildings to maximize shade and built narrow pathways to encourage breezes.”可知，社区适应沙漠气候的设计特点包括建筑刷成亮白色反射热量、合理布局建筑实现最大遮阴、修建窄道促进通风。 答案：The buildings were painted bright white to reflect heat, and its architects arranged buildings to maximize shade and built narrow pathways to encourage breezes. 42题详解 题型：正误判断题 解题依据：根据第六段“Living in a place without cars means the pace is slower, with more opportunity for connection”可知，无车居住环境让居民有更多的交流机会，而非社交生活受限，这是题干的错误点。 答案：下划线：have limited social life 解析：According to the passage, living in a place without cars means the pace is slower, with more opportunity for connection. 43题详解 题型：开放性试题 答题思路：题干要求模仿Ryan Johnson设计社区，需结合无车社区的核心理念（提升步行体验、促进邻里交流），提出具体的设计措施，控制在40词左右（可小幅浮动）。 示例答案：To make my community better, I would first advocate for building safe bike lanes and pedestrian zones to reduce car reliance. Then, creating small public gardens can provide green spaces for neighbors to meet and connect. 刷真题 （2024·北京·高考真题） Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve. As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures. During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence. My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab. My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. 40. In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. From this story, what can you learn about “independence”? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. The need to be recognized as an independent scientist. 41. The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training. 42. The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success. 43. In the story, success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independence often involves recognizing the value of collaboration and learning than to seek help. (答案言之有理即可) 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在追求科学研究的独立过程中遇到的挑战、失败、学习和成长的故事。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. (当我开始设计实验时，我的委员会成员警告我，我将面临的挑战。但是我对独立的需求驱使我推进我的研究计划)”可知，一开始，是作者对独立的需求驱使作者推进这个研究计划。故答案为：The need to be recognized as an independent scientist. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. (我的导师和我想出了一个有点不同寻常的解决方案：我将在一个合作实验室里待上三个月，接受专门培训)”可知，在反复的失败之后，导师和作者的解决方案是，作者将花三个月的时间在合作实验室接受专门培训。故答案为：The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段“My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data.(我的导师认为这段经历是一次开创性的成功，强调了我获得的合作技能。几个月后，当我在家里的实验室里重复这个实验时，我得到了更多可发表的数据)”可知，导师认为作者在实验室的经历是一次开创性的成功，这是因为作者通过与他人合作获得了合作技能，而不是因为产生了可发表的数据。故答案：The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success. 【43题详解】 开放性问题。答案言之有理即可。通读全文可知，作者成为一名独立科学家的成功最终是通过合作、适应性学习和面对挫折的韧性来实现的。从这个故事中，我们了解到，虽然独立最初是理想化的，并被热情地追求，但真正的独立往往包括认识到合作的价值，并学会何时寻求帮助。故答案为：In the story, success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independence often involves recognizing the value of collaboration and learning when to seek help. （2023·北京·高考真题） Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits. Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues. A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is. Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values. 40. How are habits built? ________________________________________________________________ 41. In what way is a routine different from a habit? ________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. ________________________________________________________________ 43. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Habits are built through learning and repetition. 41. A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge. 42. Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months. 43. I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程。人们在探索世界的过程中养成了无数的习惯，不管他们是否意识到这些习惯。文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Habits are built through learning and repetition.(习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的)”可知，习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的。故填Habits are built through learning and repetition.。 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is.(虽然一个常规包括重复的行为，但它不一定是为了应对深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，就像习惯一样)”可知，常规不同于习惯在于：常规是重复的行为，而习惯是深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，故填A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge.。 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit.(虽然你可以在几周内养成一个新的习惯，但是要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间)”可知，养成一个新的习惯需要好几周，而要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间。所以句子“Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.”中“a shorter time”错误，应该为many months，故填Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months.。 【43题详解】 开放试题，言之有理即可。题干问“你的一个好习惯给你带来了什么好处？（大约40个字）”，答案可以是：我有早睡早起的好习惯。因此，我可以每天早上精力充沛地学习，这使我学习效率高。而且，我很健康。故填I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy.。 （2022·北京·高考真题） Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water. Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains. The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through. Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG). Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.” 40. What did Tom witness at his own school? 41. Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. 43. Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why?(In about 40 words) 【答案】40. Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school. 41 Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. 42. Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG. 43. I think the quality of perspicacity will be important, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31) 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述15岁的汤姆看到自己学校的学生喝含糖的饮料，随后发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们大量消费含糖饮料）可知，作为15岁的发明家和创业者，汤姆在学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料。故答案为Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中“Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions ”（汤姆看着他的妈妈制作健康的水果饮料）第二句“ From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. ”（从观察他的母亲和他要给孩子们更好的饮料选择的愿望，他想出了他的原始模型的Fun Bottle）可知，汤姆在观察母亲制作水果饮料的过程中得到启发，才有了Fun Bottle的原始模型。故答案为Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段中“but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).”（但是这个15岁的孩子最感到自豪的是Fun Bottle带给其他人的机会。它有助于对含糖饮料提供健康的替代品。而且汤姆还捐赠了部分利润为一个名为OHG的组织）可知，汤姆把自己产品的部分利润，并非全部利润，捐给了OHG。所以错误在于“all the profits”，应修改为“part of the profits”，故答案为Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG. 【43题详解】 开放题，言之有理即可。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料）第二段中““I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.”（“我想出一种健康、自然的方式，让人们在旅途中喝。我的一大任务就是让所有年龄段的人都不再喝含糖饮料,”汤姆解释说）可知，汤姆在看到学生喝含糖的饮料时，他想到要发明出一种适合所有年龄段都能喝的不含糖的饮料，可推知，汤姆是一个很有聪颖的，有洞察力的人。这种洞察力在我们的生活中可以帮助我们不断发现自己的不足，进而帮助我们提升自己。故答案为：I think the quality of perspicacity im is portant, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31) （2021·北京·高考真题） Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．Thus，it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends， family members，or classmates rather than holding them back． There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，however，usually involves personal attacks，raising of voices， and storming out．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health．In a study，2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row．When people had an argument that they considered resolved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） of those who avoided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions．In other words，resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half．One day later， people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument． This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution——and you are less likely to be annoyed． Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not． It is easier to avoid a discussion，but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome． 40. According to this passage，what is arguing？ 41. Why is it that“the older you are， the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”？ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why． Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry． 43. In addition to improving emotional health，what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument？ （In about 40 words） 【答案】40. Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party． 41. It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life． 42. Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity． 43. Resolving arguments can solve specific problems, complex situations at very low cost, improve people's logical thinking , resilience, is conducive to the formation of a good relationship so that you can make yourself more confident and develop better . 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。因此，向你的朋友、家人或同学提出问题可能是值得的，而不是阻止他们。 40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．”（争论是你和你的对手提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。）可知，争论是提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。故答案为Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party． 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not．”（而且，年纪越大，越有可能在争吵后找到解决办法。这可能是因为更多的生活经历通常会导致更明确的优先事项。你更有可能区分什么是重要的，什么是不重要的。）可知，更多的生活经验可以帮助人们更好地确定生活中的优先事项。故答案填It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life． 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．”（最近的研究表明，如果一个争论得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应就会显著减少或几乎完全消失。）可知，解决争吵可以改善你的情绪健康，因为它增加你的反应，减少你生气的机会。解决争论有助于降低你的反应性，而不是增加你的反应力。故答案为Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity． 【43题详解】 考查开放思维。解决争吵也可以提高人们的逻辑思维能力和应变能力，使得相互之间的关系得到升华。故可能答案版本一为Resolving arguments can solve specific problems, complex situations at very low cost, improve people's logical thinking , resilience, is conducive to the formation of a good relationship so that you can make yourself more confident and develop better . 1 4 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题09 阅读表达 目录 命题·趋势·定位 2 热点·角度·拆解 2 析典例·建模型 3 （2025·北京·高考真题） 3 研考点·通技法 5 （2025·北京·高考真题） 5 研考点·通技法 6 破类题·提能力 7 （2026·东城·期末） 7 刷模拟 9 （2026·西城·期末） 9 （2026·朝阳·期末） 10 （2026·海淀·期末） 11 （2026·丰台·期末） 12 刷真题 13 （2024·北京·高考真题） 13 （2023·北京·高考真题） 14 （2022·北京·高考真题） 15 （2021·北京·高考真题） 16 内容导航 【命题解码·定方向】命题趋势+3年高考真题热点角度拆解 【解题建模·通技法】析典例，建模型，技法贯通破类题/变式 【实战刷题·冲高分】精选高考大题+名校模拟题，强化实战能力，得高分 命题·趋势·定位 1. 选材特点 - 文章来源：英文报刊、青少年杂志、科技网站、教育专栏，紧跟社会前沿。 - 主题方向：科技发明、创新实践、生态环保、心理健康、习惯养成、社会研究、前沿科学。 - 话题特征：紧扣社会热点、青少年成长、科技创新、人文科普，信息密度高、观点明确。 2. 语篇结构 - 多为说明文、议论文、新闻记叙文，结构严谨。 - 典型结构：总—分—总、提出问题→举例论证→得出结论、现象→研究→启示。 - 段落功能清晰：首段点题，中间举例/说明，尾段升华/给出建议。 3. 命题热点 - 细节查找：定位原文信息，原句改写或简要概括作答。 - 开放表达：结合文章与自身经历，40词左右简要作答。 - 高频主题：创新实践、独立与合作、习惯养成、冲突解决、环保健康、科学精神。 4. 常见设问形式 - 细节题：What...? / Why...? / How...?（原文定位作答） - 正误说明题：Underline the false part and explain why. - 主旨/启示题：What can you learn from...?（约40词） - 推理题：What does the writer want to tell us? 热点·角度·拆解 2023-2025高考考点细目（阅读表达） 卷别 词数 主题 话题 命题形式 2025・北京卷 380 人与社会 青少年心理健康、情绪管理的科学研究 细节理解题、开放表达题 2024・北京卷 375 人与自然 海洋塑料污染治理、环保创新技术应用 细节理解题、开放表达题 2023・北京卷 382 人与自我 高效学习方法、大脑记忆的科学原理 细节理解题、开放表达题 2022・北京卷 378 人与社会 人工智能发展、青少年数字素养培养 细节理解题、开放表达题 2021・北京卷 215 人与自我 校园图书馆新书推荐与借阅规则 细节理解题、开放表达题 热点角度01 细节理解题 析典例·建模型 （2025·北京·高考真题） There’s something magical about the way imagination works. Around the world, kids are using imagination in ways that were once only found in science fiction. Take the story of Mark Lee. He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. Instead of simply complaining, he decided to do something about it. Using an old 3D printer, Mark started experimenting. He melted (熔化) plastic bottles down and tried shaping them into small bricks. At first, everything went wrong — the plastic broke, the printer jammed, and the pieces didn’t fit together. Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up. But Mark had a different idea. He redesigned the bricks to lock together like puzzle (拼图) pieces and adjusted the heating temperature carefully. After months of trial and error, he succeeded. With a little help from his school and the local community centre, Mark used his bricks to build a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood. And he’s not alone. Thirteen-year-old Sally Carter loved reading fantasy books. Inspired by magical maps in her stories, she wondered: what if we could build a real-world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. Their app quickly grew popular in town and even won a local youth innovation award. Next time you see a young person lost in thought, don’t rush to pull them back. They might just be imagining the next great idea. 40. What upset Mark when he was biking around his neighbourhood? _____________________________________________________________ 41. How does the app created by Sally and her friends help? _____________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > With encouragement from his friends and parents, Mark built a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood after months of trial and error. _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. 41. It helps people explore hidden places like small local parks and gardens in their own cities. 42. According to the passage, friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up; so this part With encouragement from his friends and parents is false. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Mark Lee和Sally Carter两位青少年发挥想象力并付诸实践的故事，鼓励年轻人积极发挥想象力，勇敢尝试。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. (他喜欢在社区里骑自行车，但看到公园和人行道上到处都是塑料瓶，他很沮丧。)” 可知，让Mark沮丧的是看到公园和人行道上有很多塑料瓶。故填 Seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第五段“what if we could build a real - world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. (如果我们能开发一个现实世界的应用程序，帮助人们探索他们自己城市里隐藏的地方会怎么样呢？她召集了朋友们，学习了一些基本的编程知识，然后他们一起开发了一个应用程序，该程序可以绘制出很少有人知道的当地小公园和花园的地图。)” 可知，Sally和她朋友创建的应用程序帮助人们探索自己城市里像小公园和花园这样隐藏的地方。故填It helps people explore hidden places like small local parks and gardens in their own cities. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up. (朋友们有点嘲笑，甚至Mark的父母都认为他应该放弃。)” 可知，Mark并没有得到朋友和父母的鼓励，所以“With encouragement from his friends and parents” 这部分是错误的。故填According to the passage, friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up; so this part With encouragement from his friends and parents is false. 【解题建模】 第一步，圈画题干定位词（人名、动作、问题核心） 第二步，回原文定位答题句，锁定关键信息 第三步，提取 / 概括答案，或对比原文判断正误，规范作答 研考点·通技法 步骤 步骤名称 操作说明 第一步 确定定位词 在题干中提取核心定位词（如人名、事件、问题核心、关键动词等），锁定答题范围 第二步 找到答题句 用定位词回原文定位，找到包含定位词 / 其同义替换的句子，研读该句及上下文，提取关键信息 第三步 规范作答 针对简答题：提炼原文信息，用完整、准确的句子作答；针对判断改错题：对比原文找出错误表述，标注错误部分并结合原文说明理由 热点角度02 开放表达 （2025·北京·高考真题） There’s something magical about the way imagination works. Around the world, kids are using imagination in ways that were once only found in science fiction. Take the story of Mark Lee. He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. Instead of simply complaining, he decided to do something about it. Using an old 3D printer, Mark started experimenting. He melted (熔化) plastic bottles down and tried shaping them into small bricks. At first, everything went wrong — the plastic broke, the printer jammed, and the pieces didn’t fit together. Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up. But Mark had a different idea. He redesigned the bricks to lock together like puzzle (拼图) pieces and adjusted the heating temperature carefully. After months of trial and error, he succeeded. With a little help from his school and the local community centre, Mark used his bricks to build a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood. And he’s not alone. Thirteen-year-old Sally Carter loved reading fantasy books. Inspired by magical maps in her stories, she wondered: what if we could build a real-world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. Their app quickly grew popular in town and even won a local youth innovation award. Next time you see a young person lost in thought, don’t rush to pull them back. They might just be imagining the next great idea. 43. How can you put your imagination into practice as Mark and Sally did? (In about 40 words) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】 43. First, spot a problem you care about. Then, experiment boldly or create. Learn relevant skills if needed, persist through setbacks, and ask friends or communities for help to keep trying despite difficulties to turn your ideas into real solutions. 【解析】 【43题详解】 考查开放性试题。结合Mark和Sally的故事，可知他们都是先发现问题或有想法，然后勇敢尝试，必要时学习相关技能，面对困难坚持不懈。故填First, spot a problem you care about. Then, experiment boldly or create. Learn relevant skills if needed, persist through setbacks, and ask friends or communities for help to keep trying despite difficulties to turn your ideas into real solutions. 【解题建模】 第一步：提炼原文核心逻辑 先通读全文，梳理 Mark 和 Sally 的共性行动逻辑：发现问题 / 产生创意→主动尝试 / 学习技能→直面挫折、坚持不懈→借助外部支持落地实践，提取可迁移的核心做法。 第二步：锚定题干要求 明确题目设问核心：“如何像 Mark 和 Sally 一样将想象力付诸实践”，同时注意字数限制（约 40 词），确保作答紧扣 “实践想象力” 的主题，不偏离原文人物的行为逻辑。 第三步：整合信息、规范作答 结合提炼的核心逻辑，用简洁、连贯的英文组织答案，覆盖 “发现问题、勇于尝试、坚持、求助” 等关键要素，控制字数符合要求，确保语言准确、符合高考评分标准。 研考点·通技法 步骤 步骤名称 操作说明 第一步 提炼原文逻辑 梳理文中人物的共性行动，提取 “发现问题→尝试实践→克服挫折→落地创意” 的可迁移核心做法 第二步 锚定题干要求 明确设问核心与字数限制，确保作答紧扣 “将想象力付诸实践” 的主题，不偏离题意 第三步 整合规范作答 用简洁连贯的英文组织答案，覆盖关键要素，控制字数，保证语言准确、符合评分标准 破类题·提能力 （2026·东城·期末） History is full of stories suggesting that scientific breakthroughs happen suddenly, in a flash of inspiration. Perhaps the most famous of these concerns Isaac Newton, a physicist, who was supposedly sitting under a tree in his mother's garden when an apple fell on his head. Thanks to this, Newton came up with his theory of gravity. Nearly two thousand years earlier, the mathematician and physicist Archimedes was struggling with a problem that nobody could find the answer to-how to accurately measure the volume of an object. When he noticed the water in his bathtub rising as he got in, the solution came to him. "Eureka!" he reportedly proclaimed, which means "I've found it" in Ancient Greek. Apparently, he was so excited by his discovery, which became very influential, that he jumped out of the bathtub and ran into the street to tell everyone! These two stories, both of which involve scientists suddenly solving problems that they'd been working on, have been told for centuries. People enjoy the simplicity of the stories when they think of the images of an apple falling from a tree or an old man jumping out of the bathtub. Perhaps the two stories even lead us to believe that we too can make great discoveries if we're lucky enough to have our own "Eureka moment." But, in reality, such discoveries usually follow years of hard work and serious scientific analysis, most of which isn't of interest to people in the same way as the two stories mentioned previously. Recent studies suggest that effective problem-solving often requires two types of attention. The first stage is analytical thinking, which involves paying close attention to detail. This stage may take years or even decades. But there comes a point when we must step away from the problem and give it space and time. And it's during this less focused stage, when we're in the bathtub, or under an apple tree, that our "Eureka moments" are more likely to come. 40. When did Archimedes find the solution to the problem he was struggling with? 41. What do the two stories have in common? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. · People are interested in Eureka stories because they admire the process of scientific discovery. 43. Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what else contributes to problem-solving? (In about 40 words) 答案 40. When he noticed the water in his bathtub rising as he got in. 41. Both involve scientists suddenly solving problems that they'd been working on. 42. People are interested in Eureka stories because they admire the process of scientific discovery. Explanation: People are interested in Eureka stories because of their simplicity (the images of an apple falling from a tree or an old man jumping out of the bathtub), not because they admire the process of scientific discovery. 43. Example: Persistence and effective communication with others can contribute to problem-solving. Persistence helps us stick to challenges, and communication brings different perspectives to find solutions. 导语 本文是一篇议论文，围绕科学发现的“顿悟时刻”展开，以牛顿和阿基米德的经典故事引入，指出人们偏爱这类简单的顿悟故事，但科学发现实则源于多年的努力，还介绍了有效解决问题需要的两种注意力模式。 40题详解 题型：细节理解题 解题依据：根据第二段“When he noticed the water in his bathtub rising as he got in, the solution came to him.”可知，阿基米德在进入浴缸时发现水位上升，此时想到了问题的解决办法。 答案：When he noticed the water in his bathtub rising as he got in. 41题详解 题型：细节理解题 解题依据：根据第三段“These two stories, both of which involve scientists suddenly solving problems that they'd been working on, have been told for centuries.”可知，两个故事的共性是都讲述了科学家突然解决了他们一直钻研的问题。 答案：Both involve scientists suddenly solving problems that they'd been working on. 42题详解 题型：正误判断题 解题依据：根据第三段“People enjoy the simplicity of the stories when they think of the images of an apple falling from a tree or an old man jumping out of the bathtub.”可知，人们喜欢顿悟故事的原因是其情节的简单性，而非欣赏科学发现的过程，这是题干的错误点。 答案：下划线：because they admire the process of scientific discovery 解析：People are interested in Eureka stories because of their simplicity (the images of an apple falling from a tree or an old man jumping out of the bathtub), not because they admire the process of scientific discovery. 43题详解 题型：开放性试题 答题思路：题干要求补充除原文外有助于解决问题的因素，需结合实际，给出合理且具体的因素，说明该因素的作用，控制在40词左右。 示例答案：Persistence and effective communication with others can contribute to problem-solving. Persistence helps us stick to challenges, and communication brings different perspectives to find solutions. （建议用时：45分钟） 刷模拟 （2026·西城·期末） As a freshman, I had no idea how to become a scientist. The process felt cloudy and overwhelming. But things began to change after my first meeting with the professor who became my lab supervisor. Throughout college, she provided support professionally and personally. I became empowered and my confidence grew. Being an advisor at my Ph.D. university seemed a great opportunity to do the same for others. I enthusiastically applied and was excited to be matched with a student. But as our first meeting drew close, uncertainty set in. What if she asks a question that I have no idea about? How could I be ready for this leadership role when I still have so far to go myself? The day of our first meeting, I was terrified. But once my student joined the call, seeming very enthusiastic about meeting me, and started to talk about herself, I had a flashback to my own college experience. I remembered struggling to handle getting into a research lab and applying to graduate school. This student was probably going through something similar-feeling both uncertainty and a fierce determination to achieve her professional goals. We ended the meeting setting some practical goals for the year, including writing her personal statement and practicing research presentations. As our sessions continued, I still went into each one, worried that I would not be prepared to solve every problem my student encountered. What mattered most, I realized, was not to be some imaginary perfect teacher with all the answers, but to get to know my student including her hopes and ambitions, and offer whatever guidance and support I could, based on my own experiences. When I did not know the answer to an issue she raised, I was honest about it and did my best to listen, provide feedback, and allow her to determine her best course of action. Sometimes, I was there simply to provide a safe space to vent (发泄).I could help even when I did not have a solution. A few months after submitting her graduate school applications, my student sent an email thanking me for my support and guidance, which she said helped increase her confidence. She probably doesn't know that she helped increase my confidence, too. This was a journey of mutual empowerment, making both of us stronger along the way. 40. What change did the professor bring about in the author? 41. How did the author and the student end their first meeting? 42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. · According to the author, the most important thing was to have the answers to the student’s questions and provide her with support and guidance. 43. Give one example of your own real-life “mutual empowerment”. (In about 40 words) （2026·朝阳·期末） Think about the toughest period of your life. The time you felt most lost, most challenged, most broken. It probably felt like an impassable wall, a dead end. But what if that wall was actually a doorway? What if the struggle itself was the very thing you needed to grow? There's a beautiful, ancient Latin phrase that expresses this idea perfectly: Ad Astra per Aspera. It translates to "a tough road leads to the stars," and it is one of the most powerful and inspiring philosophical ideas ever packed into four little words. This phrase isn't some modern, feel-good statement. It's old. Really old. It's been adopted as a motto by countless families, cities, and even used by space programs, which is beautifully literal. The phrase has lasted for centuries because it speaks to a fundamental truth: greatness is not born from comfort. Let's break it down. The "Aspera" part means "hardships" or "difficulties". This isn't just about minor inconveniences. It refers to the real, painful struggles of life-failure, loss, and doubt. Our modern culture often teaches us to avoid pain at all costs, to seek the smoothest, easiest path. But "Ad Astra per Aspera" challenges that view. It suggests that the "Aspera" is not a detour (绕道) from the path; it is the path. The "Astra" part of the phrase means "the stars". The stars represent your biggest dreams, and your best self. It could be a specific goal, like starting a business or healing a relationship. Or it could be a state of being, like finding peace, wisdom, or purpose. The beauty of the phrase is that "the stars" are personal to you, but the message is universal: The journey to the stars is not a flight; it's a climb up a jagged (崎岖的) mountain. 40. What does the phrase “Ad Astra per Aspera” literally mean? 41. Why has the phrase “Ad Astra per Aspera” lasted for centuries? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. · The beauty of the phrase “Ad Astra per Aspera” is that both its message and the “Astra” are universal. 43. How can “Aspera” lead you to “Astra”? (In about 40 words) （2026·海淀·期末） With climate change and rapid urbanization, many cities are at the serious risk of flooding. To tackle this problem, Chinese researchers first proposed the "sponge city" concept - an urban planning strategy that uses nature to sustainably manage water, reducing reliance on concrete pipes and dams. How do sponge cities work? These cities combine sustainable technologies and functional landscaping, including pavements that allow water to go down into the ground; urban parks and green spaces that act as places to hold water during heavy rain and as recreational zones during dry periods; urban wetlands that naturally filter water and promote biodiversity; waterways and channels that are linked together to efficiently transport and store water. All these elements transform the urban landscape into a "sponge" capable of absorbing and relcasing water according to climate conditions. The benefits of the sponge city approach are diverse. Beyond its primary function of reducing flood risk and easing pressure on drainage systems, this strategy significantly enhances urban livability. How is this possible? It creates extensive green zones that expand healthy public spaces for recreation, improve air quality, and support increased urban biodiversity. This urban planning model has achieved widespread international recognition. In China, it was officially adopted as a nationwide policy in 2014, with cities like Wthan and Beijing leading implementation efforts. Following devastating floods of a 2011 storm, the city of Copenhagen launched its own sponge city transformation plan. Fundamental to the strategy are green infrastructure (基础设施)elements, such as redesigned parks that serve as retention basins during heavy rains, along with blue infrastructure like the city's extensive canal network to channel and store excess water. The sponge city strategy signals a smarter way forward in city-building: greener, more resilient, and matched to today's environmental challenges. At its core, it's more than a fix for climate chaos - it's an investment in the well-being of future generations. 40. According to the passage, what does the "sponge city" concept refer to? 41. What are the benefits of the sponge city approach? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. · The sponge city transformation plan of Copenhagen involves building new parks and making use of its canal network. 43. In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what other way(s) would you propose to make your city more livable? (In about 40 words) （2026·丰台·期末） Last year, when Andre Rouhani and Gabriela Reyes toured Culdesac Tempe, a rental development outside of Phoenix, the place looked pretty sweet. It had pleasant walkways, unique shops, and low white buildings. The only surprise came when Mr. Rouhani asked about resident parking and was told there was none. The couple had a baby on the way. “Long story short, we decided that all the pros outweigh the cons. It’s the best place I’ve ever lived,” Mr. Rouhani said. Modeled on towns in Italy and Greece, Culdesac Tempe is what its developer, Ryan Johnson, calls the country’s first neighborhood purposely built to be car free. Mr. Johnson said he wanted to offer a blueprint for living in a walkable place, even in a car-centric state. “This is completely different from the modern, conventional approach to development. It is a very big deal,” said Mr. Johnson. Culdesac’s buildings are designed for the desert climate, painted bright white to reflect heat. Without the need for residential parking, its architects arranged buildings to maximize shade and built narrow pathways to encourage breezes. “The pedestrian is the primary person,” said Alexandra Vondeling, the lead architect. While there’s a short-term parking lot for deliveries and guests, residents are expected to get around by the nearby light-rail system, buses and electric bikes. Living in a place without cars means the pace is slower, with more opportunity for connection, Mr. Rouhani said. In the days after their daughter was born, three neighbours brought a meal, dropped off cookies or offered to go buy them groceries. “We really feel supported and loved here,” he said. “It’s one of the best things we can do for climate, health and low cost of living, even low cost of government,” said Mr. Johnson, who lives at Culdesac, too. “It’s also a better lifestyle.” 40. Why was Andre Rouhani surprised when he first visited Culdesac Tempe? 41. What design features help Culdesac Tempe to adapt to the desert climate? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. · Living in a place without cars, residents in Culdesac Tempe have limited social life. 43. How would you design your community as Ryan Johnson did to make it a better place to live in? (In about 40 words) 刷真题 （2024·北京·高考真题） Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve. As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures. During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence. My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab. My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. 40. In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. From this story, what can you learn about “independence”? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （2023·北京·高考真题） Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits. Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues. A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is. Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values. 40. How are habits built? ________________________________________________________________ 41. In what way is a routine different from a habit? ________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. ________________________________________________________________ 43. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________ （2022·北京·高考真题） Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water. Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains. The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through. Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG). Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.” 40. What did Tom witness at his own school? 41. Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. 43. Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why?(In about 40 words) （2021·北京·高考真题） Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．Thus，it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends， family members，or classmates rather than holding them back． There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，however，usually involves personal attacks，raising of voices， and storming out．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health．In a study，2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row．When people had an argument that they considered resolved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） of those who avoided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions．In other words，resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half．One day later， people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument． This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution——and you are less likely to be annoyed． Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not． It is easier to avoid a discussion，but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome． 40. According to this passage，what is arguing？ 41. Why is it that“the older you are， the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”？ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why． Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry． 43. In addition to improving emotional health，what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument？ （In about 40 words） 1 4 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 专题09 阅读表达 （建议用时：45分钟） 刷模拟 2026・西城期末 40. The professor provided professional and personal support, making the author empowered and more confident. 41. They set some practical goals for the year, including writing the student's personal statement and practicing research presentations. 42. to have the answers to the student’s questions; The author realized that the most important thing was to get to know the student (her hopes and ambitions) and offer guidance and support based on his own experiences, not to have all the answers. 43. When preparing for a group speech, my partner and I helped each other. She improved my pronunciation, and I organized the speech structure. We both performed well and gained confidence. 2026・朝阳期末 40. It literally means "a tough road leads to the stars". 41. Because it speaks to a fundamental truth: greatness is not born from comfort. 42. both its message and the “Astra” are universal; The beauty of the phrase is that "the stars" (Astra) are personal to each person, while the message is universal. 43. Hardships (Aspera) teach us resilience and lessons. By overcoming them, we gain experience and grow, eventually moving closer to our dreams (Astra). 2026・海淀期末 40. It refers to an urban planning strategy that uses nature to sustainably manage water, reducing reliance on concrete pipes and dams. 41. It reduces flood risk, eases pressure on drainage systems, enhances urban livability, expands healthy public spaces, improves air quality, and supports urban biodiversity. 42. building new parks; According to the passage, the sponge city transformation plan of Copenhagen involves redesigning existing parks and making use of its canal network. 43. We can promote shared transportation to reduce traffic jams and air pollution, and set up more community service centers to provide convenient daily services for residents. 2026・丰台期末 40. Because there was no resident parking. 41. The buildings were painted bright white to reflect heat, and its architects arranged buildings to maximize shade and built narrow pathways to encourage breezes. 42. have limited social life; According to the passage, living in a place without cars means the pace is slower, with more opportunity for connection. 43. To make my community better, I would first advocate for building safe bike lanes and pedestrian zones to reduce car reliance. Then, creating small public gardens can provide green spaces for neighbors to meet and connect. 刷真题 2026·西城期末 40. The professor provided professional and personal support, making the author empowered and more confident. 41. They set some practical goals for the year, including writing the student's personal statement and practicing research presentations. 42. to have the answers to the student’s questions；The most important thing was to know the student and offer guidance based on experience. 43. When preparing for a group speech, my partner and I helped each other and grew confident together. 2026·朝阳期末 40. It literally means "a tough road leads to the stars". 41. Because it speaks to a fundamental truth: greatness is not born from comfort. 42. both its message and the “Astra” are universal；The stars (Astra) are personal, while the message is universal. 43. Hardships teach us resilience. By overcoming them, we grow and move closer to our dreams. 2026·海淀期末 40. It refers to an urban planning strategy that uses nature to sustainably manage water, reducing reliance on concrete pipes and dams. 41. It reduces flood risk, eases pressure on drainage systems, enhances urban livability, improves air quality, and supports biodiversity. 42. building new parks；Copenhagen redesigned existing parks as part of its sponge city plan. 43. We can build more greenways and promote cycling to make our city cleaner and more livable. 2026·丰台期末 40. Because there was no resident parking. 41. Buildings are painted white to reflect heat; buildings are arranged for shade; narrow pathways encourage breezes. 42. have limited social life；Living without cars offers more chances for connection. 43. I would design more pedestrian zones and community gardens to strengthen neighborly relations. 2024·北京高考真题 40. The need to be recognized as an independent scientist. 41. The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training. 42. because publishable data had been produced；It was because the author acquired collaborating skills. 43. True independence includes knowing when to cooperate and ask for help from others. 2023·北京高考真题 40. Habits are built through learning and repetition. 41. A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep-rooted urge. 42. takes a shorter time；Building a healthy habit takes many months. 43. I keep early hours, so I study energetically every morning and stay healthy efficiently. 2022·北京高考真题 40. Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school. 41. From observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions and struggle for a take-along option. 42. donates all the profits；Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG. 43. Tom’s creativity and kindness matter most. They inspire us to solve problems and help others. 2021·北京高考真题 40. Arguing is discussing your worries, related feelings and problems with the other party. 41. It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life. 42. increases your reactivity；Resolving arguments decreases your reactivity. 43. Resolving arguments strengthens relationships and improves our communication and problem-solving skills. 1 4 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $