专题12 阅读理解七选五(北京专用)-【好题汇编】5年（2021-2025）高考1年模拟英语真题分类汇编

专题12 阅读理解七选五(北京专用) 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势 年份 体裁 词数 设题位置 主题语境 话题 段首 段中 段尾 2025 议论文 269+87 0 3 2 人与自我 成年人的定义及其特质 题材聚焦前沿议题，题型设计强化篇章结构分析，设空以段中句为主，侧重逻辑关系考查，凸显批判性思维与社会责任感。干扰项设计更隐蔽，强调速览全文定骨架、瞻前顾后找衔接。 2024 说明文 281+82 1 4 0 人与社会 “刺猬”型和“狐狸”型思维 2023 说明文 255+83 1 2 2 人与自然 选择高校的建议 2022 说明文 225+81 1 4 0 人与自我 健康和健身 2021 说明文 275+102 2 3 0 人与社会 音乐对身体的好处 (2025·北京·高考) What is adulthood? Societies all over the world view the concept of an adult as self-supporting and self-directed, because it identifies a point in the life cycle. As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. ____35____ But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. ____36____ If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. ____37____ You’re self-directed and not reliant on the world to tell you who you are. And you know who you are within all this. So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. ____38____ We are a social species, so this is important. While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. ____39____ A. It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. B. They talk about someone’s inability to support themselves through work. C. It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. D. In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. E. They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. F. You feel like an 18-year old, especially when playing 80s music. G. When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. (2024·北京·高考) If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things. Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. ___35___ And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. ___36___ The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies. ___37___ Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. The advantage that. foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. ___38___ They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don’t know. So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. ___39___ The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog. A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each. B. They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes. C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs. F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional. G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. (2023·北京·高考) It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 35 When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 36 Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 37 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes. Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 38 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates. 39 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission. What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower. A．Higher education has achieved its true potential. B．Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C．Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D．However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching. E．Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F．They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G．In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. (2022·北京·高考) Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. ____35____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases. ____36____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. ____37____ This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in. It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ____38____ For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age. Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. ____39____ This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness. A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life. B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other. C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind. D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily. E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner. F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life. G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases. (2021·北京·高考) Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people． ____35____ The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes． ____36____However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，can lead to less pain． Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed．____37____While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxiety． When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure．____38____ On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit． ____39____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable． A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems． B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud． C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing． D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep． E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive． F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety． G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were． 1 (2025届北京市第十一中学高三下学期三模英语试题)They had names such as Tom the Terror, Dirty Face, and Bilgewater. They traveled thousands of miles on warships with history’s saltiest sailors. They were valued members of the crew, even issued uniforms for photographs and their own tiny beds for napping. They were the cats that served in the world’s navies. Ship cats are not a recent phenomenon. They have been serving on ships for almost as long as humans have been going to sea. Ancient Egyptians depicted them hunting from boats sailing down the Nile. 1 Cats’ hunting skills on land made them valuable companions at sea. Rats and mice caused major problems on ships. 2 Cats were a cheap and effective solution to these problems — and they were also good company. On long voyages, they could provide a vessel’s crew with affection and softness in the harsh environment of a ship. Not surprisingly, sailors developed plenty of beliefs around cat behavior. Seamen preparing to sail considered it good luck when cats chose to board their vessels. 3 An even worse omen (预兆)? The sight of two cats fighting on a pier could be forewarning that those setting sail would die. Though cats are known for their dislikes to water, their biology makes them surprisingly suited to life at sea. Unlike human sailors who drank lemon juice to prevent scurvy, cats can make their own vitamin C． 4 Cats are also able to obtain most of the water they need from their prey, so they do not require a lot of potable water as human sailors do. 5 The long run of the ship cat was ended by stricter international quarantine laws imposed. Many countries required a lengthy quarantine period for disembarking cats. If local officials caught one sneaking off a ship, the captain could be fined or even placed under arrest. A．But it was a dreadful sign indeed when a cat decided to jump ship. B．Therefore, they can survive on a diet that lacks fruits and vegetables. C．They polluted and consumed food, chewed through equipment, and spread disease. D．And the cats made their way across the Mediterranean aboard Greek trading vessels. E．And in the UK, the cats supplied to the Royal Navy even received a weekly allowance. F．Since the beginning of the WWII, however, most navies of the world have adopted a similar policy. G．However, following the end of the WWII, the special position that cats held on Navy ships began to decline. 2 (2025届北京市中国人民大学附属中学高三下学期三模英语试题)It’s no secret that life makes us anxious. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, an estimated 19% of U.S. adults have been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. 1 A lack of in-person connection and interaction, time in nature and engagement in our communities is creating “digital anxiety.” At the root of most anxiety disorders is a difficulty coping with uncertainty. It is manifested in symptoms of excessive worry and anxiety. Those with generalized anxiety disorder might worry about their own safety or that of a loved one. 2 Digital anxiety, on the other hand, is rooted in our use of technology and social media habits. One example is the stress caused by negative interactions from a social media post. There may be feelings of inadequacy, hopelessness and social isolation. People may also experience digital anxiety when separated from their phones. They might feel disconnected and worry about not knowing of possible threats like war or a natural catastrophe. 3 Faced with digital anxiety, how can we reduce it? Here are a few recommendations to get you started. 4 Record how often you’re engaged with screens and technology. Note the time of day you’re most likely to log on and how you feel before and after. Accept that anxiety is a part of living. 5 Make a daily commitment to practice radical acceptance — the ability to accept reality without judgment. That doesn’t mean you approve of negative events and situations. Rather, you accept these circumstances as things you might not be able to change at this moment — or ever. A．Limit your social media and screen time. B．They focus their attention on specific goals. C．Be honest with yourself about your digital habits. D．Life is unpredictable and often beyond your control. E．Sometimes they miss out on a social event or lose touch with friends. F．Or they may have persistent fears that something bad is about to happen. G．Studies also show that too much time on social media is linked to greater anxiety. 3 (2025届北京市八一学校高三下学期考前适应性练习英语试题)Literature is the study of human communication. It deals with great writers, from Shakespeare to Cervantes, and deals with texts. Also, literature offers access to vibrant forms of expression and asks us to embrace new ways of thinking about the world. It shows us how to read critically, even asking why we read and write at all. 1 For a student of Literature, all forms of communication are considered texts and can become the focus of critical inquiry. Rap lyrics, the language of advertisements, our favorite films, diaries, even our constantly updated statuses on social media platforms, all are products of the urge to share ideas and experiences. 2 So to study literature is to open a gateway to understanding complex values and preoccupations of individuals, small communities and even whole societies. 3 And at the turn of the 19th century, writers themselves began to experiment with new ways of looking at the written word. Modern literary criticism was born as Romantics, such as William Wordsworth’s thought to define poetry. A hundred years later, new schools of thought emerged that sought to understand the historical and cultural backgrounds from which literature emerged. Marxist literary critics such as Terry Eagleton argued that literature is not independent of its time and culture, but rather a product of it. 4 From the 1960s, fresh generations of critics were turning their attention away from the creators of texts. These post structuralists looked beyond authorial intent to focus on interpretation. Literary criticism challenges the ways we think about the world and how it should be ordered. 5 A．It helps us understand who we are and how we are. B．Because literature is complex, though, we need to decode it. C．Above all, it explores how we communicate ideas and why. D．And each offers its own insights into the ways that we, as humans, see the world. E．Wordsworth explored the relationship between the poetry and the poet rather than the reader. F．It helps us imagine what it is like to be someone else and to live a better, or simply different life G．Other thinkers focused on identity, looking at the ways in which an author’s sense of self is produced by society’s dominant ideologies (意识形态). 4 (2025届北京市精华学校高三下学期三模英语试题) We’ve all been there. Staring at a pile of work, a challenging project, or a taxing problem, we often feel like a mouse facing a cat. We get a sense of sink that is being stuck between the rock and a hard place. 1 Yet, what if your brain, your greatest weapon, could be tricked into tackling these challenges? The human brain is a complex, complicated marvel. It’s the director of your life’s play, the master manipulator, the strategist pulling strings from backstage. 2 But the key is understanding that it can be trained fine-tuned, and sometimes even tricked into doing tasks we might find too challenging or uncomfortable. When faced with a complex task, our brains tend to freeze, overwhelmed by the magnitude of what lies ahead. This natural response can be comforted by breaking down the task into smaller manageable “salami slices”. Each slice is not as awful as the whole, encouraging you brain to take on one piece at a time. 3 Another method centered around the “2-minute rule”, which suggests that if a task can be done in two minutes or less, do it immediately. But there’s a twist. 4 Tell your brain you’ll only work on a task for “2 minutes”. Once you’ve started, the inertia is broken, and often you’ll find yourself working much longer. The hard part, as they say, is getting started. Mastering your brain is no child’s play. It requires patience, perseverance, and a pinch of guile. The path to productivity and tackling hard tasks isn’t always about brute force and willpower. Sometimes, it involves a little cunning and the artful act of tricking your brain. 5 It’s time to start playing mind games — with yourself. A．The only way to tackle challenges is through willpower and determination. B．A pullback into the comfort zone is too tempting to resist. C．It’s like eating a pizza, one piece at a time makes it doable and even enjoyable. D．You can also use this rule to trick your brain into starting larger tasks. E．It is not always reliable and can sometimes lead us to a wrong way. F．It’s your most critical treasure and sometimes, your biggest opponent. G．So, the next time you’re faced with a challenge, remember you have the brain to overcome it all. 5 (2025届北京市朝阳区高三下学期二模考试英语试题) There is considerable evidence from studies with adults that volunteering benefits a person’s physical and mental health. 1 A 2023 analysis suggested that young people who had participated in community service were more likely to be in excellent health and stayed calm when faced with challenges. 2 It could be that the children volunteers were already in great health. But because of an alarming rise in mental health issues among young people, environmental health scientists believe this early evidence is promising enough to pursue. A 2021 advisory warned that the number of young people reporting constant feelings of sadness or hopelessness had increased by40 percent over the previous decade. There are multiple possible causes, including anxiety over climate change, the effects of social media use and unfriendly personal circumstances. To address these problems, researchers point to the importance of “contribution” as an essential piece of social and emotional development for teenagers. Volunteering is one good way young people can contribute. 3 In 2022, developmental psychologist Parissa Ballard and her colleagues tested volunteering as an intervention for nine 14-to-20-year-olds who had been recently diagnosed with mild to moderate depression or anxiety. After 30 hours of volunteer work at community organizations, the average reduction in depressive symptoms was 19 percent. What accounts for the benefits? Helping others improves mood and raises confidence. It provides rich ground for building social connections. It also changes how young people see themselves. Many teens don’t feel important. 4 There may be a potential downside to volunteering, however. 5 “Young people have to choose something that feels meaningful to them,” Ballard says. Adults can help by offering choices and checking volunteer opportunities to be sure that organizations are well run and equipped to offer a good experience. A．Admittedly, this finding only shows connections. B．Now scientists are finding similar links in children and teenagers. C．This improvement was in comparison with young people who did not volunteer. D．The sense of mattering to others translates really well to their needs to connect and belong. E．Everyone in the study enjoyed the work and reported a sense of pride and accomplishment. F．The experience can be harmful if young people feel like they are being forced to participate. G．Volunteering gives them a different sense of themselves, a sense of confidence and self-value. 6 (2025届北京市昌平区高三下学期二模英语试题)Many people talk aloud to themselves. 1 Unlike the silent mental conversations termed inner speech, this behavior involves voiced expression. Researchers have observed that the phenomenon frequently arises in particular circumstances; those living alone, for instance, demonstrate heightened engagement with such self-dialogue. This inspires the researchers to investigate its psychological roots. 2 Talking out loud is a common way for people who spend lots of time alone to keep themselves company. For example, children who grow up alone practice self-talk more frequently than those who have brothers and sisters — as well as adults who had an imaginary companion when they were kids. Another significant factor driving people to talk out loud to themselves is the need to deal with stressful situations, particularly when they feel uncertain about how to act or what emotions to process. Research has shown that individuals tend to self-talk more when they are feeling anxious or dealing with repetitive thoughts. 3 Self-talk serves as a tool that helps them work through these challenges. Age also plays a role in this behavior. Young children talk out loud to themselves as they are learning social roles. 4 The elderly are also more likely to self-talk, which may be due to their need for memory assistance or the result of lowered self-control. Talking out loud to yourself is perfectly normal and even beneficial. It can improve how well you perform at a task. In one study, basketball players performed better when they talked through their moves out loud in an encouraging or instructional way. There can also, surprisingly, be a social aspect. In that case, self-talk blurs (模糊) the line between internal and interpersonal communication. 5 A．It is a behavior known as external self-talk. B．Their self-talk focus more on recalling past events. C．Upsetting experiences make people want to resolve them. D．And eventually their self-talk becomes internalized as inner speech. E．Social disconnection clearly stands out as one of several key reasons. F．This behavior is commonly seen in people who have difficulty socializing. G．It is a way to let other people directly or indirectly know what we are thinking. 7 (2025届北京市海淀区高三下学期一模英语试题)When you spend time with close friends, how do you feel? You may feel like you belong. According to the Oxford dictionary, belonging is defined as a “deep sense of acceptance, inclusion, and identification within a group, place, or context.” 1 Since the beginning of human evolution, people have connected with others in order to survive. This desire to form and grow relationships is rooted in the human brain. 2 In 1943, Abraham Maslow was the first psychologist to write about belonging as a human need. His theory, the Hierarchy (等级) of Needs, states that humans must acquire their basic needs, such as physiological (生理上的) needs and needs related to safety, before they can begin fulfilling other higher, more complex needs, like belonging or developing self-esteem. Another groundbreaking research about belonging emerged in 1995. Mark Leary and Roy Baumeister found that humans have a universal drive to belong, which motivates their thoughts and actions. In fact, this drive is so important that they argued it was a fundamental human need-not a secondary need in a hierarchy. Their later research explored the connection between self-esteem and belonging. According to their research, self-esteem is not just about how people feel about themselves internally. 3 Although feeling connected to people is important in many settings, it becomes especially critical in schools. A 2020 research analysis found that students who do not feel a sense of belonging at school are often searching for threats in their environment that signal whether they are welcome or not. 4 This, in turn, can cause poorer academic performance. It can also discourage students from forming deeper relationships. So, a student’s feeling of belonging is vital for their learning. 5 Researchers will continue to analyze how personality, culture, and even social media shape how connected we feel to others. With this knowledge, people can create schools and communities where more people feel included. That way, we can develop a society that is overall healthier, happier, and more connected. A．They may do things to increase their self-esteem. B．This stress can use up cognitive resources needed for learning. C．Belonging is a complex thing because it is influenced by many factors. D．Over the years, researchers have been exploring this subjective feeling. E．Feeling like you belong can actually improve many aspects of your life. F．It actually serves as a warning signal that measures how much people feel accepted. G．When you see yourself well suited to a specific environment, you feel valued and respected. 8 (2025届北京市西城区高三下学期二模英语试题)In our fast-paced, technology-driven world, the act of eating has transformed from a mindful practice to an often hurried and distracted (分心的) activity. Distracted eating, characterized by consuming food while engaging in other activities such as watching television, scrolling through smartphones, or working at a desk, is becoming increasingly widespread. 1 The common presence of digital devices and the constant demands of modern life have contributed to the rise of distracted eating. 2 For instance, office workers frequently eat lunch while replying to emails, and students snack during online classes. This behavior is not limited to any specific age group. Distracted eating has several negative effects on physical and mental health. When attention is divided between eating and another activity, it becomes challenging to recognize signals of being full. 3 Studies have shown a correlation between distracted eating and an increased intake of calories, contributing to weight gain and obesity. Eating while distracted can impair digestion. The body needs to be in a relaxed state for proper digestion, but multitasking can create a state of mild stress, affecting the digestive process. This can lead to discomfort, bloating, and other gastrointestinal issues. 4 This reduces the overall nutritional quality of the diet, impacting long-term health. The practice of mindful eating, which involves paying full attention to the experience of eating, has been linked to improved mental health outcomes. In contrast, distracted eating can contribute to stress and anxiety, as it reduces the enjoyment and satisfaction of meals. 5 Creating specific areas for eating, free from digital devices and work related materials helps to establish a clear boundary between mealtime and other activities. Establishing and following regular meal times can reduce the temptation to cat while multitasking. This encourages a more structured approach to eating. Engage in mindful eating by focusing on the sensory experience of food — its taste, texture, and aroma. This can enhance the enjoyment of meals and improve satiety recognition. As awareness of the issue grows, it is hoped that more people will recognize the benefits of mindful eating and make conscious (自觉的) efforts to enjoy their meals fully and healthily. A．Addressing distracted eating requires conscious effort and lifestyle changes. B．Over time, this habit may weaken the brain’s ability to associate food with satisfaction. C．Eating in response to boredom, rather than genuine hunger, is a frequent consequence of such behavior. D．This shift in eating habits has significant consequences for our health and well-being. E．This can lead to overeating, as individuals are less aware of how much they have consumed. F．People are multitasking more than ever, trying to maximize productivity by combining meal times with other activities. G．Distracted eaters may make poorer food choices, choosing convenience foods that are often high in sugar, fat, and salt. 9 (2025届北京市丰台区高三下学期二模英语试题)Much smaller in size than the diameter of an average human hair, nanoplastics are invisible to the naked eye. Linked to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in people, nanoplastics continue to build up, largely unnoticed, in the world’s bodies of water. 1 Therefore, at is urgent to develop better ways to remove nanoplastics from water. However the challenge remains to develop a cost-effective solution to get rid of nanoplastics while leaving clean water behind. 2 Recently, researchers created a cheap liquid-based solution that removes more than 98% of these microscopic plastic particles (颗粒) from water. The innovative method uses water-resistant solvents (溶剂) made from natural ingredients. It not only offers a practical solution to the pressing issue of nanoplastic pollution but also paves the way for further research and development in advanced water purification technologies. The strategy uses a small amount of designer solvent to absorb plastic particles from a large dume of water. 3 Once mixed with water and allowed to reseparate, the solvent floats back to the surface, carrying the nanoplastics within its molecular structure. Currently, the capacity of the solvent is not well understood. 4 Additionally, they will explore methods to recycle the solvent, enabling their reuse multiple times if necessary. 5 The solvents are made from safe, non-toxic components, and their ability to resist water prevents additional pollution of water sources, making them a highly sustainable solution. From a scientific perspective, creating effective removal methods fosters innovation in filtration technologies, provides insights into nanomaterial behavior, and supports the development of informed environmental policies. A．That’s where a new research comes in. B．The cost of producing the solvent is still too high. C．Previous methods failed to purify and recycle the small particles. D．Initially, the solvent sits on the water’s surface the way oil floats on water. E．In future work, researchers aim to determine the maximum capacity of the solvent. F．The new method offers multiple advantages that are both practical and scientifically significant. G．They can damage water ecosystems and enter the food chain, threatening wildlife and humans. 10 (2025届北京市东城区高三下学期二模英语试题)After seeing online advertising for “Willy’s Cbocolate Experience”, people paid up to £80 each to attend. But it wasn’t as promised: instead of wondrous creations and an abundance of chocolate, families arrived at a mostly abandoned warehouse featuring a sad-looking castle. Later it emerged that the marketing materials were produced by artificial intelligence. Misleading ads are just one example of a common problem in our digitalised world. Yet even as deception (欺骗) grows more complicated, countermeasures are being developed. There is an arms race going on in the digital world. 1 Understanding that evolutionary conflict can help us beat those who aim to lie to us. Disinformation certainly predates the existence of humans. Cancer cells, for example, trick the immune system into treating them as a normal part of the body, causing white blood cells useless against them. 2 Cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of other birds. The foster parents are then deceived into raising the young of others at the expense of their own. More complex are cases where wild tufted capuchin monkeys may scream as though a predator (捕食者) is nearby to trick their fellow primates into running away from food. 3 This links to the Red Queen hypothesis, which refers to a case where two organisms compete to outsmart each other. 4 Cuckoos compete with host birds. Primates compete with each other. In each conflict, a new strategy by one party forces the other to adapt — or face elimination in the cold game of natural selection. Disinformation today is a more complex version of the false monkey screams. The good news is that we know enough about evolutionary thinking to predict which steps bad actors will take next. 5 We have novel ways to trick it into evolving a weakness that we then take advantage of, a process called “evolutionary trapping”. Similarly, we know someone will try to outfox the tools being developed to counter deepfakes. We can predict what the next form of deepfake will look like, then prevent it. A．Bodies compete with cancers. B．We do this already with cancer. C．They then take the food for themselves. D．They become more intelligent with each trick. E．We see disinformation strategies among animals, too. F．We need to use our understanding to make traps of our own. G．But the competition between deception and honesty is as old as life on Earth. 11 (2025届北京市海淀区高三下学期期末练习（二模）英语试题)Stuffed animals, or plush toys, are a cherished part of childhood for many. Yet their appeal extends far beyond the early years. Whether it’s a soft lion or a cuddly bunny, these comforting companions have a unique place in the hearts of millions. 51 One of the primary reasons stuffed animals are so beloved is the comfort they provide. For children, these soft, huggable toys often serve as a source of emotional security. The act of cuddling a stuffed animal can provide reassurance and a sense of calm. 1 The tactile sensation of soft fabric and the comforting weight of a plush toy can act like a physical comfort object, similar to a security blanket. Besides, stuffed animals often become loyal companions, offering emotional support. 2 The attachment they develop to their stuffed animals is not just a passing phase. It often carries lasting emotional significance well into adulthood. 3 Children might “care” for their toys in ways they see adults caring for them, developing empathy and nurturing skills. This kind of play helps children understand complex emotions like love, concern, and responsibility. This allows them to build emotional intelligence from an early age. Beyond emotional comfort, stuffed animals have been used as tools in therapy. In child psychology, therapists often incorporate stuffed animals to help children express their emotions, fears, and wishes in a non-threatening way. When a child has difficulty verbalizing complex feelings, a stuffed animal can serve as a “voice” for those emotions. 4 Many find comfort in hugging or holding a plush toy as a way to alleviate stress, anxiety, or even physical pain. A growing body of research suggests hugging a stuffed animal can reduce stress hormones, and trigger the release of oxytocin, which promotes feelings of well-being and relaxation. A．Why do they hold such a special place in seeking comfort? B．Many children treat them as real friends or family members. C．But what makes stuffed animals more than just simple toys? D．Stuffed animals are also often used as a form of role-playing. E．It can help children feel safe, especially during times of stress. F．Cuddling stuffed animals in therapy can keep adults in high spirits. G．Adults too can benefit from the therapeutic aspects of stuffed animals. 12 (2025届北京市门头沟区高三下学期3月综合练习（一模）英语试题)Daydreaming, often dismissed as a waste of time, is increasingly recognized as a vital cognitive process. Far from being a sign of laziness, daydreaming allows the brain to explore ideas, solve problems and foster creativity. Recent studies in neuroscience have revealed the complex mechanisms behind this mental activity. When we daydream, the brain enters a state known as the “default mode network” (DMN). 1 This network becomes active when we are not focused on the outside world, enabling the brain to process information, consolidate memories and generate new ideas. For example, many breakthroughs in science and art have emerged from moments of spontaneous daydreaming. Contrary to popular belief, daydreaming is not a passive activity. It requires significant mental energy and involves complex neural activity. Research shows that during daydreaming, the brain engages in high-level cognitive processes, such as planning, self-reflection and emotional regulation. 2 Moreover, daydreaming can enhance problem-solving abilities. By exploring in the daydream, many people can find ways to tackle the problems. 3 By allowing the mind to wander, we can approach challenges from new perspectives and uncover innovative solutions. Studies have found that individuals who daydream regularly tend to perform better on tasks requiring creative thinking. 4 Negative daydreaming patterns can interfere with mental health and daily functioning. Excessive or negative daydreaming, often linked to meditation, can lead to anxiety and reduced productivity. The key is to strike a balance between focused work and intentional daydreaming. To harness the benefits of daydreaming, it’s important to create opportunities for it. 5 For instance, taking short breaks during work or engaging in activities like walking can stimulate the DMN and promote productive daydreaming. A．However, not all daydreaming is beneficial. B．The DMN is a network of brain regions that activate during restful states. C．These activities are essential for long-term goal setting and personal growth. D．Daydreaming is most effective when combined with periods of intense focus. E．The brain’s ability to switch between focused attention and daydreaming is crucial. F．It also can improve emotional toughness by helping us process difficult experiences. G．Structured daydreaming, such as guided visualization, can enhance its positive effects. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题12 阅读理解七选五(北京专用) 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势 年份 体裁 词数 设题位置 主题语境 话题 段首 段中 段尾 2025 议论文 269+87 0 3 2 人与自我 成年人的定义及其特质 题材聚焦前沿议题，题型设计强化篇章结构分析，设空以段中句为主，侧重逻辑关系考查，凸显批判性思维与社会责任感。干扰项设计更隐蔽，强调速览全文定骨架、瞻前顾后找衔接。 2024 说明文 281+82 1 4 0 人与社会 “刺猬”型和“狐狸”型思维 2023 说明文 255+83 1 2 2 人与自然 选择高校的建议 2022 说明文 225+81 1 4 0 人与自我 健康和健身 2021 说明文 275+102 2 3 0 人与社会 音乐对身体的好处 (2025·北京·高考) What is adulthood? Societies all over the world view the concept of an adult as self-supporting and self-directed, because it identifies a point in the life cycle. As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. ____35____ But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. ____36____ If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. ____37____ You’re self-directed and not reliant on the world to tell you who you are. And you know who you are within all this. So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. ____38____ We are a social species, so this is important. While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. ____39____ A. It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. B. They talk about someone’s inability to support themselves through work. C. It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. D. In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. E. They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. F. You feel like an 18-year old, especially when playing 80s music. G. When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. 【答案】35. G 36. E 37. D 38. C 39. A 【主题】本文是一篇议论文，文章主要探讨了成年人的定义及其所需具备的特质，并强调了社会在培养成年人方面的责任。 35.【解析】由上文“As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. (正如Alice Black所指出的，如今父母害怕让孩子做更多家务，这加剧了孩子们无法感受到自身的能力，进而也导致他们对自己缺乏自信。心理学家Robert Turner在他的著作《生命周期》中提到了这一点，他提到了孩子们学习自我指导和掌握技能的阶段。)”可知，本空应强调这个阶段的重要性或缺失这个阶段会带来什么影响。G选项“When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. (当这个阶段被剥夺时，就会产生一种不安全感。)”符合题意，承接上文，说明了这个阶段被剥夺的后果。故选G。 36.【解析】由上文“But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. (但Turner的其他周期也同样重要。)”以及下文“If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. (如果这些生命周期被延迟、中断或拒绝，你会觉得自己无法进入自我状态，无法控制不愉快的情绪，也无法操控构成你内心世界结构的能量。)”可知，本空应解释它们的重要性体现在哪里。E选项“They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. (它们教授情感意识和管理以及身份认同。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 37.【解析】由上文“Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. (Turner明智地指出，从心理上讲，“做得好”就是能够顺应情绪的流动，管理它们，与他人清晰而良好地沟通，并掌握各种技能。这需要一个内部的控制点，这意味着对自己的思想、情感和行动进行自我控制。)”可知，本空应进一步解释这种内部控制点或自我控制的意义。D选项“In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. (换句话说，你是在玩人生的游戏——而不是人生在玩你。)”能承接上文，符合题意，用比喻的方式解释了内部控制点的意义，即你能够掌控自己的人生，而不是被人生所掌控。故选D。 38.【解析】由上文“So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. (所以，成为一个成年人不仅仅是拥有一份工作。成为一个成年人意味着拥有一种根深蒂固的自我意识，同时能够识别和管理自己的情绪和行动。)”可知，本空应进一步描述成年人的其他特质或能力。C选项“It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. (它是在与他人交流时能够表现出理解。)”能承接上文，符合题意，补充了成年人在与他人交流时应具备的能力，即表现出理解。故选C。 39.【解析】由上文“While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. (虽然培养一个成年人是父母的工作，但作为社会，我们也有责任确保我们支持那些培养情感和身份发展的学校。)”可知，本空应进一步描述社会在培养成年人方面的其他责任。A选项“It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. (支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人也是我们的工作。)”能承接上文，符合题意，补充了社会在培养成年人方面的另一项责任，即支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人。故选A。 (2024·北京·高考) If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things. Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. ___35___ And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. ___36___ The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies. ___37___ Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. The advantage that. foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. ___38___ They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don’t know. So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. ___39___ The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog. A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each. B. They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes. C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs. F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional. G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. 【答案】35. G 36. C 37. D 38. F 39. A 【主题】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拥有“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式的两类人对于个人和企业建立信誉度的优劣势。 35.【解析】根据上文“Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes.(拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案)” 可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案，G项中They 指代上文中的Hedgehog，G项“他们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持自己的立场”说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人往往有明确的立场，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。 36.【解析】根据上文“They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. (他们专注于一件事并把它做得很好。他们知道自己擅长什么)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备优点，他们可以专注于一件事并知道自己擅长什么。C项“因此，他们的优势是（头脑）清楚和自信”进一步说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的优点，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。 37.【解析】根据下文“He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. (他发现，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人不仅比拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情与他们的预测不相符时他们不太可能意识到，也不太可能承认自己错了)”可知，此处介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的缺点。D项“但是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面” 引出下文，介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备缺点，符合语境。故选D。 38.【解析】根据上文“The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. (“狐狸”型思维方式的人的优势在于，他们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找新信息，并且对不确定性和新信息感到舒适)”和下文“They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. (他们试图将其纳入自己的观点，而不是将其排除在自己的思维之外)”可知，此处介绍拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人处理事情的方式。F项“当某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。 39.【解析】根据上文“The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. (这个问题可以用“像狐狸的刺猬”风格来回答)”和下文“The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. (成为拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人还是拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人的选择是一种错误的权衡)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人和拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人各有优势。A项“换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。 (2023·北京·高考) It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 35 When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 36 Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 37 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes. Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 38 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates. 39 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission. What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower. A．Higher education has achieved its true potential. B．Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C．Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D．However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching. E．Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F．They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G．In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. 【答案】35．D 36．F 37．G 38．B 39．E 【主题】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。 35．【解析】根据空前内容“It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。 36．【解析】根据空前内容“When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“more surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。 37．【解析】空前内容“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。 38．【解析】根据空前内容“Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。 39．【解析】根据下文内容“Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，此处算是站在大学的角度，提出如何把教学当成他们的首要核心任务。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项E“Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.(在最近，努力改进教学水平的现象已经出现了。)”与下文形成转折，旨在说明，促使教学成为核心任务的艰巨性和重要性。故选E。 (2022·北京·高考) Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. ____35____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases. ____36____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. ____37____ This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in. It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ____38____ For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age. Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. ____39____ This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness. A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life. B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other. C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind. D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily. E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner. F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life. G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases. 【答案】35. G 36. B 37. D 38. F 39. C 【主题】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。 35.【解析】根据空前“Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的other diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G项。 36.【解析】根据空后“We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B项“Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。 37.【解析】根据空前“Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses.(健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。)”可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病，根据空后“This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.(这并不一定意味着我们不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种状况，D项“For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)”举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项。 38.【解析】根据空前“It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应该花时间去健身，根据空后“For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项“There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。 39.【解析】根据空前“We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。 (2021·北京·高考) Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people． ____35____ The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes． ____36____However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，can lead to less pain． Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed．____37____While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxiety． When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure．____38____ On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit． ____39____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable． A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems． B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud． C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing． D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep． E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive． F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety． G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were． 【答案】35. F 36. B 37. D 38. G 39. E 【主题】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。 35.【解析】空格后说“The mental health benefits from music can't be argued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），F选项It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety中的stress and anxiety照应了mental health benefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。 36.【解析】空格后说“However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain”（然而，出于同样的原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，B选项Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切合题意，故选B。 37.【解析】空格前说“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐），D选项They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep中的sleep和going to bed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。 38.【解析】空格前说“In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart rates相照应，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。 39.【解析】空格后说“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，故选E。 1 (2025届北京市第十一中学高三下学期三模英语试题)They had names such as Tom the Terror, Dirty Face, and Bilgewater. They traveled thousands of miles on warships with history’s saltiest sailors. They were valued members of the crew, even issued uniforms for photographs and their own tiny beds for napping. They were the cats that served in the world’s navies. Ship cats are not a recent phenomenon. They have been serving on ships for almost as long as humans have been going to sea. Ancient Egyptians depicted them hunting from boats sailing down the Nile. 1 Cats’ hunting skills on land made them valuable companions at sea. Rats and mice caused major problems on ships. 2 Cats were a cheap and effective solution to these problems — and they were also good company. On long voyages, they could provide a vessel’s crew with affection and softness in the harsh environment of a ship. Not surprisingly, sailors developed plenty of beliefs around cat behavior. Seamen preparing to sail considered it good luck when cats chose to board their vessels. 3 An even worse omen (预兆)? The sight of two cats fighting on a pier could be forewarning that those setting sail would die. Though cats are known for their dislikes to water, their biology makes them surprisingly suited to life at sea. Unlike human sailors who drank lemon juice to prevent scurvy, cats can make their own vitamin C． 4 Cats are also able to obtain most of the water they need from their prey, so they do not require a lot of potable water as human sailors do. 5 The long run of the ship cat was ended by stricter international quarantine laws imposed. Many countries required a lengthy quarantine period for disembarking cats. If local officials caught one sneaking off a ship, the captain could be fined or even placed under arrest. A．But it was a dreadful sign indeed when a cat decided to jump ship. B．Therefore, they can survive on a diet that lacks fruits and vegetables. C．They polluted and consumed food, chewed through equipment, and spread disease. D．And the cats made their way across the Mediterranean aboard Greek trading vessels. E．And in the UK, the cats supplied to the Royal Navy even received a weekly allowance. F．Since the beginning of the WWII, however, most navies of the world have adopted a similar policy. G．However, following the end of the WWII, the special position that cats held on Navy ships began to decline. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．G 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了历史上猫咪在世界海军中的角色、它们的海上生活适应性以及随着国际检疫法的严格最终导致它们从舰船上消失的现象。 1．上文“Ancient Egyptians depicted them hunting from boats sailing down the Nile. (古埃及人描绘了他们在尼罗河上乘船捕猎的情景。)”说明猫在古埃及就已经与船有了联系，空处需延续猫随人类航海的历史。D选项“And the cats made their way across the Mediterranean aboard Greek trading vessels. (猫乘坐希腊商船穿越了地中海。)”承接上文，进一步说明猫在不同文明中的航海历程，逻辑连贯。故选D。 2．上文“Rats and mice caused major problems on ships. (老鼠在船上造成了严重的问题。)”说明船上老鼠的问题很严重，空处需具体说明问题内容。C选项“They polluted and consumed food, chewed through equipment, and spread disease. (它们污染并消耗食物，啃咬设备，传播疾病。)”具体描述了老鼠在船上所造成的问题，与上文相呼应。故选C。 3．上文“Seamen preparing to sail considered it good luck when cats chose to board their vessels. (准备出航的水手们认为，当猫选择登上他们的船时，这是好运的象征。)”说明猫上船被视为好运，下文“An even worse omen (预兆)? The sight of two cats fighting on a pier could be forewarning that those setting sail would die. (更糟糕的预兆是什么呢？看到两只猫在码头上打架可能预示着那些即将启航的人会遭遇不幸。)”列举更糟糕的预兆。A选项“But it was a dreadful sign indeed when a cat decided to jump ship. (但是，当一只猫决定跳船时，这确实是一个可怕的征兆。)”与上文形成对比，引出相反的预兆，“dreadful sign”与下文“worse omen”呼应。故选A。 4．上文“Unlike human sailors who drank lemon juice to prevent scurvy, cats can make their own vitamin C. (与喝柠檬汁以防止坏血病的人类水手不同，猫可以自己制造维生素C。)”说明猫有自我调节的能力。B选项“Therefore, they can survive on a diet that lacks fruits and vegetables. (因此，它们可以在缺乏水果和蔬菜的饮食中生存。)”是上文的结果，逻辑上构成因果关系，解释猫适应海上饮食的原因。故选B。 5．下文“The long run of the ship cat was ended by stricter international quarantine laws imposed. (由于实施了更严格的国际检疫法，船猫的长期存在结束了。)”说明严格的国际检疫法终结了船猫的时代，空处需引出船猫地位的转折。G选项“However, following the end of the WWII, the special position that cats held on Navy ships began to decline. (然而，在二战结束后，猫在海军舰艇上的特殊地位开始下降。)”概括了下文的内容，并且与上文提到的船猫的历史地位形成对比。故选G。 2 (2025届北京市中国人民大学附属中学高三下学期三模英语试题)It’s no secret that life makes us anxious. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, an estimated 19% of U.S. adults have been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. 1 A lack of in-person connection and interaction, time in nature and engagement in our communities is creating “digital anxiety.” At the root of most anxiety disorders is a difficulty coping with uncertainty. It is manifested in symptoms of excessive worry and anxiety. Those with generalized anxiety disorder might worry about their own safety or that of a loved one. 2 Digital anxiety, on the other hand, is rooted in our use of technology and social media habits. One example is the stress caused by negative interactions from a social media post. There may be feelings of inadequacy, hopelessness and social isolation. People may also experience digital anxiety when separated from their phones. They might feel disconnected and worry about not knowing of possible threats like war or a natural catastrophe. 3 Faced with digital anxiety, how can we reduce it? Here are a few recommendations to get you started. 4 Record how often you’re engaged with screens and technology. Note the time of day you’re most likely to log on and how you feel before and after. Accept that anxiety is a part of living. 5 Make a daily commitment to practice radical acceptance — the ability to accept reality without judgment. That doesn’t mean you approve of negative events and situations. Rather, you accept these circumstances as things you might not be able to change at this moment — or ever. A．Limit your social media and screen time. B．They focus their attention on specific goals. C．Be honest with yourself about your digital habits. D．Life is unpredictable and often beyond your control. E．Sometimes they miss out on a social event or lose touch with friends. F．Or they may have persistent fears that something bad is about to happen. G．Studies also show that too much time on social media is linked to greater anxiety. 【答案】1．G 2．F 3．E 4．C 5．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍焦虑症的成因及缓解建议。 1．根据上文的“According to the National Institute of Mental Health, an estimated 19% of U.S. adults have been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. (根据美国国家心理健康研究所的数据，估计有 19% 的美国成年人被诊断出患有焦虑症。)”可知，开篇提及焦虑症的普遍性，结合下文的“A lack of in-person connection and interaction, time in nature and engagement in our communities is creating ‘digital anxiety.’(缺乏面对面的交流互动、接触自然的时间以及对社区的参与，正催生着‘数字焦虑’。)”可知，此空需衔接“焦虑症”与“数字焦虑”的关联。G选项“Studies also show that too much time on social media is linked to greater anxiety.(研究还表明，花太多时间在社交媒体上与更严重的焦虑有关。)”通过“also”补充研究结论，指出社交媒体使用与焦虑的联系，自然引出下文“数字焦虑”的具体成因。故选G项。 2．根据上文的“Those with generalized anxiety disorder might worry about their own safety or that of a loved one.(患有广泛性焦虑症的人可能会担心自己或亲人的安全。)”可知，此处列举焦虑症的具体表现，F选项“Or they may have persistent fears that something bad is about to happen.(或者他们可能一直担心坏事即将发生。)”中的“Or”表示并列，“persistent fears”“something bad”进一步补充焦虑症状，与上文“担心安全”形成平行结构，符合语境。故选F项。 3．根据上文的“People may also experience digital anxiety when separated from their phones. They might feel disconnected and worry about not knowing of possible threats like war or a natural catastrophe.(当人们与手机分离时，也可能会体验到数字焦虑。他们可能会感到与外界脱节，并担心自己无法知晓战争或自然灾害等潜在威胁。)”可知，此空需延续“数字焦虑”的具体影响。E选项“Sometimes they miss out on a social event or lose touch with friends.(有时他们会错过社交活动或与朋友失去联系。)”中的“miss out on social event”“lose touch”对应“disconnected”，补充了因脱离手机导致的社交问题，与上文“担心威胁”共同说明焦虑表现。故选E项。 4．根据下文的“Record how often you’re engaged with screens and technology. Note the time of day you’re most likely to log on and how you feel before and after.(记录你使用屏幕和科技产品的频率。记下你最可能登录的时间段，以及登录前后的感受。)”可知，本段建议“记录数字使用习惯”。C选项“Be honest with yourself about your digital habits.(如实看待自己的数字使用习惯。)”中的“digital habits”直接对应下文“记录频率、时间、感受”，作为主题句概括了段落核心——正视并记录自身习惯。故选C项。 5．根据段落主题句“Accept that anxiety is a part of living.(接受焦虑是生活的一部分。)”可知，此空需解释“接受焦虑”的原因，结合下文的“Make a daily commitment to practice radical acceptance — the ability to accept reality without judgment. That doesn’t mean you approve of negative events and situations. Rather, you accept these circumstances as things you might not be able to change at this moment — or ever. (每日承诺践行‘全然接纳’—— 即不加评判地接受现实的能力。这并不意味着你认同负面事件和境遇，而是将这些情况视为当下（甚至永远）可能无法改变的事实去接纳。)”可知，核心是“生活不可控”。D选项“Life is unpredictable and often beyond your control.(生活是不可预测的，且往往超出你的控制。)”直接点明不焦虑可预测且不可控制的本质，为“接受焦虑”提供逻辑依据，与下文“无法改变的现实”呼应。故选D项。 3 (2025届北京市八一学校高三下学期考前适应性练习英语试题)Literature is the study of human communication. It deals with great writers, from Shakespeare to Cervantes, and deals with texts. Also, literature offers access to vibrant forms of expression and asks us to embrace new ways of thinking about the world. It shows us how to read critically, even asking why we read and write at all. 1 For a student of Literature, all forms of communication are considered texts and can become the focus of critical inquiry. Rap lyrics, the language of advertisements, our favorite films, diaries, even our constantly updated statuses on social media platforms, all are products of the urge to share ideas and experiences. 2 So to study literature is to open a gateway to understanding complex values and preoccupations of individuals, small communities and even whole societies. 3 And at the turn of the 19th century, writers themselves began to experiment with new ways of looking at the written word. Modern literary criticism was born as Romantics, such as William Wordsworth’s thought to define poetry. A hundred years later, new schools of thought emerged that sought to understand the historical and cultural backgrounds from which literature emerged. Marxist literary critics such as Terry Eagleton argued that literature is not independent of its time and culture, but rather a product of it. 4 From the 1960s, fresh generations of critics were turning their attention away from the creators of texts. These post structuralists looked beyond authorial intent to focus on interpretation. Literary criticism challenges the ways we think about the world and how it should be ordered. 5 A．It helps us understand who we are and how we are. B．Because literature is complex, though, we need to decode it. C．Above all, it explores how we communicate ideas and why. D．And each offers its own insights into the ways that we, as humans, see the world. E．Wordsworth explored the relationship between the poetry and the poet rather than the reader. F．It helps us imagine what it is like to be someone else and to live a better, or simply different life G．Other thinkers focused on identity, looking at the ways in which an author’s sense of self is produced by society’s dominant ideologies (意识形态). 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．G 5．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述的是文学及其批评的相关内容。 1．空前“It deals with great writers, from Shakespeare to Cervantes, and deals with texts. Also, literature offers access to vibrant forms of expression and asks us to embrace new ways of thinking about the world. It shows us how to read critically, even asking why we read and write at all.(它涉及伟大的作家，从莎士比亚到塞万提斯，以及文本。此外，文学提供了充满活力的表达形式，并要求我们接受新的思考世界的方式。它向我们展示了如何批判性地阅读，甚至问我们为什么要阅读和写作)”是对文学的概述，空格处也应该继续概述文学是什么，C选项“Above all, it explores how we communicate ideas and why.(最重要的是，它探讨了我们如何交流思想以及为什么)”是对文学的概述，承接上文，符合语境，故选C。 2．空前“Rap lyrics, the language of advertisements, our favorite films, diaries, even our constantly updated statuses on social media platforms, all are products of the urge to share ideas and experiences.(说唱歌词、广告语言、我们最喜欢的电影、日记，甚至我们在社交媒体平台上不断更新的状态，都是分享想法和经历的冲动的产物)”列举了一些文学的形式，空格处应该对前面的几种文学形式进行评论，D选项“And each offers its own insights into the ways that we, as humans, see the world.(每一种都为我们人类看待世界的方式提供了自己的见解)”说明了空前所举的文学形式为我们人类看待世界的方式提供了自己的见解，承接上文，符合语境，故选D。 3．空后“And at the turn of the 19th century, writers themselves began to experiment with new ways of looking at the written word. Modern literary criticism was born as Romantics, such as William Wordsworth’s thought to define poetry.(在19世纪之交，作家们自己也开始尝试用新的方式来看待文字。现代文学批评诞生于浪漫主义，如威廉·华兹华斯定义诗歌的思想)”说明了作家们开始理解文学，B选项“Because literature is complex, though, we need to decode it.(因为文学是复杂的，我们需要解码它)”说明了要理解文学，引出后来作家们所采用的方法，符合语境，故选B。 4．空前“A hundred years later, new schools of thought emerged that sought to understand the historical and cultural backgrounds from which literature emerged. Marxist literary critics such as Terry Eagleton argued that literature is not independent of its time and culture, but rather a product of it.(一百年后，新的思想流派出现了，他们试图理解文学产生的历史和文化背景。像特里·伊格尔顿这样的马克思主义文学评论家认为，文学不是独立于时代和文化的，而是时代和文化的产物)”说明了一些思想家的想法，空格处应该说另外一些思想家的想法，G选项“Other thinkers focused on identity, looking at the ways in which an author’s sense of self is produced by society’s dominant ideologies (意识形态).(其他思想家则关注身份认同，研究作者的自我意识是如何被社会的主流意识形态所产生的)”说明的是其他思想家的想法，承接上文，符合语境，故选G。 5．空前“Literary criticism challenges the ways we think about the world and how it should be ordered.(文学批评挑战了我们思考世界的方式，以及世界应该如何秩序化)”说明了文学批评是什么，空格处也应该说文学批评的相关内容，A选项“It helps us understand who we are and how we are.(它帮助我们了解我们是谁，我们是怎样的)”中的it指代Literary criticism，说明了文学批评的好处，承接上文，符合语境，故选A。 4 (2025届北京市精华学校高三下学期三模英语试题) We’ve all been there. Staring at a pile of work, a challenging project, or a taxing problem, we often feel like a mouse facing a cat. We get a sense of sink that is being stuck between the rock and a hard place. 1 Yet, what if your brain, your greatest weapon, could be tricked into tackling these challenges? The human brain is a complex, complicated marvel. It’s the director of your life’s play, the master manipulator, the strategist pulling strings from backstage. 2 But the key is understanding that it can be trained fine-tuned, and sometimes even tricked into doing tasks we might find too challenging or uncomfortable. When faced with a complex task, our brains tend to freeze, overwhelmed by the magnitude of what lies ahead. This natural response can be comforted by breaking down the task into smaller manageable “salami slices”. Each slice is not as awful as the whole, encouraging you brain to take on one piece at a time. 3 Another method centered around the “2-minute rule”, which suggests that if a task can be done in two minutes or less, do it immediately. But there’s a twist. 4 Tell your brain you’ll only work on a task for “2 minutes”. Once you’ve started, the inertia is broken, and often you’ll find yourself working much longer. The hard part, as they say, is getting started. Mastering your brain is no child’s play. It requires patience, perseverance, and a pinch of guile. The path to productivity and tackling hard tasks isn’t always about brute force and willpower. Sometimes, it involves a little cunning and the artful act of tricking your brain. 5 It’s time to start playing mind games — with yourself. A．The only way to tackle challenges is through willpower and determination. B．A pullback into the comfort zone is too tempting to resist. C．It’s like eating a pizza, one piece at a time makes it doable and even enjoyable. D．You can also use this rule to trick your brain into starting larger tasks. E．It is not always reliable and can sometimes lead us to a wrong way. F．It’s your most critical treasure and sometimes, your biggest opponent. G．So, the next time you’re faced with a challenge, remember you have the brain to overcome it all. 【答案】1．B 2．F 3．C 4．D 5．G 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了应对挑战时可通过一些方法“欺骗”大脑去完成任务，如化整为零和利用“2分钟规则”，并鼓励人们用大脑克服挑战。 1．上文“We’ve all been there. Staring at a pile of work, a challenging project, or a taxing problem, we often feel like a mouse facing a cat. We get a sense of sink that is being stuck between the rock and a hard place. (我们都有过这样的经历。盯着一堆工作，一个具有挑战性的项目，或者一个棘手的问题，我们经常感觉像一只老鼠面对一只猫。我们有一种陷入困境的挫败感)”描述了面对挑战时的艰难处境。B选项“A pullback into the comfort zone is too tempting to resist.(退回到舒适区太有诱惑力而难以抗拒)”与上文衔接紧密，在这种艰难情况下，人们很容易想退回舒适区，符合逻辑。故选B项。 2．上文“The human brain is a complex, complicated marvel. It’s the director of your life’s play, the master manipulator, the strategist pulling strings from backstage.(人类的大脑是一个复杂而神奇的存在。它是你生活这场戏剧的导演，是幕后操纵一切的高手，是运筹帷幄的战略家)”强调了大脑的重要性。F选项“It’s your most critical treasure and sometimes, your biggest opponent.(它是你最关键的财富，有时也是你最大的对手)”既承接了上文大脑的重要性，又引出下文提到大脑有时会让人面对挑战时退缩，与上下文逻辑相符。故选F项。 3．上文“This natural response can be comforted by breaking down the task into smaller manageable “salami slices”. Each slice is not as awful as the whole, encouraging you brain to take on one piece at a time.(这种自然反应可以通过将任务分解成更小、更易管理的“萨拉米切片”来缓解。每一片都不像整个任务那么可怕，鼓励你的大脑一次处理一部分)”说明了将任务分解的方法。C选项“It’s like eating a pizza, one piece at a time makes it doable and even enjoyable.(这就像吃披萨，一次吃一片会让事情变得可行甚至愉快)”通过吃披萨的比喻进一步解释了分解任务的好处，与上文衔接自然。故选C项。 4．上文“Another method centered around the “2 minute rule”, which suggests that if a task can be done in two minutes or less, do it immediately.(另一种方法围绕“2分钟规则”，即如果一项任务可以在两分钟或更短时间内完成，就立即去做)”介绍了“2分钟规则”。D选项“You can also use this rule to trick your brain into starting larger tasks.(你也可以用这个规则来“欺骗”你的大脑去开始更大的任务)”进一步说明该规则不仅适用于短时间能完成的任务，还能用于启动大任务，与上文话题一致且逻辑连贯。故选D项。 5．上文“Mastering your brain is no child’s play. It requires patience, perseverance, and a pinch of guile. The path to productivity and tackling hard tasks isn’t always about brute force and willpower. Sometimes, it involves a little cunning and the artful act of tricking your brain.(掌控你的大脑并非易事。它需要耐心、毅力和一点智谋。提高效率和应对艰巨任务的途径并不总是靠蛮力和意志力。有时，需要一点狡黠和巧妙地“欺骗”你的大脑)”阐述了应对挑战、掌控大脑的要点。G选项“So, the next time you’re faced with a challenge, remember you have the brain to overcome it all.(所以，下次你面对挑战时，记住你有大脑可以克服一切)”总结全文，鼓励人们利用大脑去克服挑战，与上文内容呼应。故选G项。 5 (2025届北京市朝阳区高三下学期二模考试英语试题) There is considerable evidence from studies with adults that volunteering benefits a person’s physical and mental health. 1 A 2023 analysis suggested that young people who had participated in community service were more likely to be in excellent health and stayed calm when faced with challenges. 2 It could be that the children volunteers were already in great health. But because of an alarming rise in mental health issues among young people, environmental health scientists believe this early evidence is promising enough to pursue. A 2021 advisory warned that the number of young people reporting constant feelings of sadness or hopelessness had increased by40 percent over the previous decade. There are multiple possible causes, including anxiety over climate change, the effects of social media use and unfriendly personal circumstances. To address these problems, researchers point to the importance of “contribution” as an essential piece of social and emotional development for teenagers. Volunteering is one good way young people can contribute. 3 In 2022, developmental psychologist Parissa Ballard and her colleagues tested volunteering as an intervention for nine 14-to-20-year-olds who had been recently diagnosed with mild to moderate depression or anxiety. After 30 hours of volunteer work at community organizations, the average reduction in depressive symptoms was 19 percent. What accounts for the benefits? Helping others improves mood and raises confidence. It provides rich ground for building social connections. It also changes how young people see themselves. Many teens don’t feel important. 4 There may be a potential downside to volunteering, however. 5 “Young people have to choose something that feels meaningful to them,” Ballard says. Adults can help by offering choices and checking volunteer opportunities to be sure that organizations are well run and equipped to offer a good experience. A．Admittedly, this finding only shows connections. B．Now scientists are finding similar links in children and teenagers. C．This improvement was in comparison with young people who did not volunteer. D．The sense of mattering to others translates really well to their needs to connect and belong. E．Everyone in the study enjoyed the work and reported a sense of pride and accomplishment. F．The experience can be harmful if young people feel like they are being forced to participate. G．Volunteering gives them a different sense of themselves, a sense of confidence and self-value. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．G 5．F 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年志愿服务对其身心健康有益及相关研究。 1．上文“There is considerable evidence from studies with adults that volunteering benefits a person’s physical and mental health.(有大量针对成年人的研究证据表明，志愿服务有益于一个人的身心健康)”说明成年人志愿服务有益身心健康。空处和前文为顺接关系，说明在青少年中也有类似发现，并引出下文的相关研究。所以B项“现在科学家们在儿童和青少年中也发现了类似的联系。”符合语境。该项中的“similar links”和上文中的“adults that volunteering benefits a person’s physical and mental health”呼应。故选B。 2．上文“A 2023 analysis suggested that young people who had participated in community service were more likely to be in excellent health and stayed calm when faced with challenges.(2023年的一项分析表明，参与过社区服务的年轻人更有可能保持极佳的健康状态，并且在面对挑战时能够保持冷静)”以及下文“It could be that the children volunteers were already in great health.(可能是参加志愿活动的孩子本来就很健康)”是对某种发现的一种可能性解释。空处承接上文的发现，并对这种情况给出了认可。A项“诚然，这一发现只是表明了一种联系。”符合语境，引出下文对研究发现局限性的说明，而选项中“this finding”指代了上文中的“young people who had participated in community service were more likely to be in excellent health and stayed calm when faced with challenges”这一发现。故选A。 3．上文“To address these problems, researchers point to the importance of “contribution” as an essential piece of social and emotional development for teenagers. Volunteering is one good way young people can contribute.(为了解决这些问题，研究人员指出，“贡献”对于青少年的社会和情感发展至关重要。志愿服务是年轻人可以做出贡献的一种良好方式)”说明了志愿服务是年轻人可以做出贡献的一种良好方式。空处与上文逻辑紧密相连，解释了志愿服务为何能让年轻人做出贡献。D项“对他人的重要性很好地转化为他们建立联系和归属感的需求。”符合语境，是对上文内容的进一步阐述和解释。故选D。 4．上文“What accounts for the benefits? Helping others improves mood and raises confidence. It provides rich ground for building social connections. It also changes how young people see themselves. Many teens don’t feel important.(这些好处的原因是什么？帮助他人可以改善情绪，增强信心。它为建立社会联系提供了丰富的基础。这也改变了年轻人对自己的看法。许多青少年觉得自己不重要)”列举了几个志愿者带来好处的原因。C项“志愿活动给了他们一种不同的自我感觉，一种自信和自我价值感。”承接上文说明志愿者服务可以让青少年找到自我，产生自信和自我价值观,改变青少年认为自己不重要的看法。故选G。 5．上文“There may be a potential downside to volunteering, however.(然而，志愿服务可能有一个潜在的缺点)”说明志愿服务存在问题。空处具体说明问题所在，F项“如果年轻人觉得自己是被迫参与的，这种经历可能是有害的。”符合语境，解释了志愿服务可能带来负面影响的原因。该项中的“The experience can be harmful”和上文中的“a potential downside”相呼应。故选F。 6 (2025届北京市昌平区高三下学期二模英语试题)Many people talk aloud to themselves. 1 Unlike the silent mental conversations termed inner speech, this behavior involves voiced expression. Researchers have observed that the phenomenon frequently arises in particular circumstances; those living alone, for instance, demonstrate heightened engagement with such self-dialogue. This inspires the researchers to investigate its psychological roots. 2 Talking out loud is a common way for people who spend lots of time alone to keep themselves company. For example, children who grow up alone practice self-talk more frequently than those who have brothers and sisters — as well as adults who had an imaginary companion when they were kids. Another significant factor driving people to talk out loud to themselves is the need to deal with stressful situations, particularly when they feel uncertain about how to act or what emotions to process. Research has shown that individuals tend to self-talk more when they are feeling anxious or dealing with repetitive thoughts. 3 Self-talk serves as a tool that helps them work through these challenges. Age also plays a role in this behavior. Young children talk out loud to themselves as they are learning social roles. 4 The elderly are also more likely to self-talk, which may be due to their need for memory assistance or the result of lowered self-control. Talking out loud to yourself is perfectly normal and even beneficial. It can improve how well you perform at a task. In one study, basketball players performed better when they talked through their moves out loud in an encouraging or instructional way. There can also, surprisingly, be a social aspect. In that case, self-talk blurs (模糊) the line between internal and interpersonal communication. 5 A．It is a behavior known as external self-talk. B．Their self-talk focus more on recalling past events. C．Upsetting experiences make people want to resolve them. D．And eventually their self-talk becomes internalized as inner speech. E．Social disconnection clearly stands out as one of several key reasons. F．This behavior is commonly seen in people who have difficulty socializing. G．It is a way to let other people directly or indirectly know what we are thinking. 【答案】1．A 2．E 3．C 4．D 5．G 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是人们自言自语这一行为，探讨了该行为出现的特定情境、背后的心理根源。 1．空前“Many people talk aloud to themselves.(许多人自言自语。)”说明了许多人会自言自语，A选项“It is a behavior known as external self-talk.(这是一种被称为外部自我对话的行为。)”对上文提到的这种现象进行一种评述，说明了空前描述的自言自语行为是外部自我对话的行为，承接上文，符合语境，故选A。 2．空后“Talking out loud is a common way for people who spend lots of time alone to keep themselves company.(对于那些花很多时间独处的人来说，大声说话是一种常见的陪伴方式。)”说明了经常独处的人用大声说话这种方式来陪伴自己，E选项“Social disconnection clearly stands out as one of several key reasons.(社交脱节显然是几个关键原因之一。)”中的社交脱节也就是独处，说明和社会脱节是人自言自语的原因，引起下文，符合语境，故选E。 3．空前“Research has shown that individuals tend to self-talk more when they are feeling anxious or dealing with repetitive thoughts.(研究表明，当人们感到焦虑或处理重复的想法时，他们倾向于更多地自言自语。)”以及后文“Self-talk serves as a tool that helps them work through these challenges.(自言自语是帮助他们克服这些挑战的一种工具。)”说明了人们感到焦虑等不好情绪时，会经常用自言自语帮助自己克服；C选项“Upsetting experiences make people want to resolve them.(令人沮丧的经历让人们想要解决它们。)”说明令人沮丧的经历让人们想要解决它们，符合语境，引出后文自言自语就帮助他们克服了这个挑战，故选C。 4．空前“Age also plays a role in this behavior. Young children talk out loud to themselves as they are learning social roles.(年龄对这种行为也有影响。幼儿在学习社会角色时，会大声自言自语。)”说明幼儿在学习社会角色时，会大声自言自语，空格处应该说这种自言自语对他们后来会有什么影响，D选项“And eventually their self-talk becomes internalized as inner speech.(最终，他们的自言自语被内化为内心的话语。)”说明后来幼儿的自言自语被内化为内心的话语，承接上文，符合语境，故选D。 5．空前“There can also, surprisingly, be a social aspect. In that case, self-talk blurs (模糊) the line between internal and interpersonal communication.(令人惊讶的是，这也可能是一个社交方面。在这种情况下，自言自语模糊了内部沟通和人际沟通之间的界限。)”说明了自言自语模糊了内部沟通和人际沟通之间的界限，是和沟通有关的，G选项“It is a way to let other people directly or indirectly know what we are thinking.(这是一种让别人直接或间接知道我们在想什么的方式。)”也说明的这是和沟通有关的，承接上文，符合语境，故选G。 7 (2025届北京市海淀区高三下学期一模英语试题)When you spend time with close friends, how do you feel? You may feel like you belong. According to the Oxford dictionary, belonging is defined as a “deep sense of acceptance, inclusion, and identification within a group, place, or context.” 1 Since the beginning of human evolution, people have connected with others in order to survive. This desire to form and grow relationships is rooted in the human brain. 2 In 1943, Abraham Maslow was the first psychologist to write about belonging as a human need. His theory, the Hierarchy (等级) of Needs, states that humans must acquire their basic needs, such as physiological (生理上的) needs and needs related to safety, before they can begin fulfilling other higher, more complex needs, like belonging or developing self-esteem. Another groundbreaking research about belonging emerged in 1995. Mark Leary and Roy Baumeister found that humans have a universal drive to belong, which motivates their thoughts and actions. In fact, this drive is so important that they argued it was a fundamental human need-not a secondary need in a hierarchy. Their later research explored the connection between self-esteem and belonging. According to their research, self-esteem is not just about how people feel about themselves internally. 3 Although feeling connected to people is important in many settings, it becomes especially critical in schools. A 2020 research analysis found that students who do not feel a sense of belonging at school are often searching for threats in their environment that signal whether they are welcome or not. 4 This, in turn, can cause poorer academic performance. It can also discourage students from forming deeper relationships. So, a student’s feeling of belonging is vital for their learning. 5 Researchers will continue to analyze how personality, culture, and even social media shape how connected we feel to others. With this knowledge, people can create schools and communities where more people feel included. That way, we can develop a society that is overall healthier, happier, and more connected. A．They may do things to increase their self-esteem. B．This stress can use up cognitive resources needed for learning. C．Belonging is a complex thing because it is influenced by many factors. D．Over the years, researchers have been exploring this subjective feeling. E．Feeling like you belong can actually improve many aspects of your life. F．It actually serves as a warning signal that measures how much people feel accepted. G．When you see yourself well suited to a specific environment, you feel valued and respected. 【答案】1．G 2．D 3．F 4．B 5．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了归属感的重要性及其相关研究。 1．根据上文“According to the Oxford dictionary, belonging is defined as a “deep sense of acceptance, inclusion, and identification within a group, place, or context.”(根据牛津词典的解释，归属感被定义为“在一个群体、一个地方或一个环境中，一种深深的接受、包容和认同感。”)”可知，此处提到归属感的定义。G选项“When you see yourself well suited to a specific environment, you feel valued and respected.(当你觉得自己非常适合某个特定环境时，你会感到被重视和尊重)”承接上文，进一步解释了什么是归属感。故选G。 2．根据下文“In 1943, Abraham Maslow was the first psychologist to write about belonging as a human need. His theory, the Hierarchy (等级) of Needs, states that humans must acquire their basic needs, such as physiological (生理上的)  needs and needs related to safety, before they can begin fulfilling  other higher, more complex needs, like belonging or developing  self-esteem.(1943年，亚伯拉罕·马斯洛（Abraham Maslow）是第一位将归属感作为人类需求的心理学家。他的需求层次理论指出，人类必须先获得基本需求，如生理需求和与安全相关的需求，然后才能开始满足其他更高级、更复杂的需求，如归属感或自尊)”可知，D选项“Over the years, researchers have been exploring this subjective feeling.(多年来，研究人员一直在探索这种主观感受)”指出归属感这一主观感受一直以来都受到研究人员的关注，为下文介绍相关研究做铺垫。故选D。 3．上文提到“According to their research, self-esteem is not just about how people feel about themselves internally. (根据他们的研究，自尊不仅仅是人们对自己内心的感觉)”可知，此处强调自尊不仅仅关乎人们内心的感受。F选项“It actually serves as a warning signal that measures how much people feel accepted.(它实际上是一个衡量人们被接纳程度的警告信号)”承接上文，指出自尊还涉及到外部因素，即人们被接纳的程度，这是一个衡量自尊的重要标准。同时，F选项中的“it”指代上文的“self-esteem”，使得上下文连贯。故选F。 4．根据上文“ A 2020 research analysis found that students who do not feel a sense of belonging at school are often searching for threats in their environment that signal whether they are welcome or not. (2020年的一项研究分析发现，在学校没有归属感的学生往往会在环境中寻找威胁，以表明他们是否受欢迎)”可知，学生在学校没有归属感时，会经常在环境中寻找威胁信号，以判断自己是否受欢迎，这会给学生带来压力。B选项“This stress can use up cognitive resources needed for learning.(这种压力会消耗掉学习所需的认知资源)”承接上文，解释了缺乏归属感给学生带来的负面影响，即消耗认知资源，影响学习效果。故选B。 5．根据下文“Researchers will continue to analyze how personality, culture, and even social media shape how connected we feel to others. (研究人员将继续分析个性、文化甚至社交媒体如何塑造我们与他人的联系)”可知，此处强调研究人员将继续分析个性、文化和社交媒体如何塑造我们对与他人联系的感知，由此表明归属感是一个复杂且多元的概念，受到多种因素的影响。C选项“Belonging is a complex thing because it is influenced by many factors.(归属感是一个复杂的事物，因为它受到许多因素的影响)”引出下文，为下文介绍相关研究做铺垫。故选C。 8 (2025届北京市西城区高三下学期二模英语试题)In our fast-paced, technology-driven world, the act of eating has transformed from a mindful practice to an often hurried and distracted (分心的) activity. Distracted eating, characterized by consuming food while engaging in other activities such as watching television, scrolling through smartphones, or working at a desk, is becoming increasingly widespread. 1 The common presence of digital devices and the constant demands of modern life have contributed to the rise of distracted eating. 2 For instance, office workers frequently eat lunch while replying to emails, and students snack during online classes. This behavior is not limited to any specific age group. Distracted eating has several negative effects on physical and mental health. When attention is divided between eating and another activity, it becomes challenging to recognize signals of being full. 3 Studies have shown a correlation between distracted eating and an increased intake of calories, contributing to weight gain and obesity. Eating while distracted can impair digestion. The body needs to be in a relaxed state for proper digestion, but multitasking can create a state of mild stress, affecting the digestive process. This can lead to discomfort, bloating, and other gastrointestinal issues. 4 This reduces the overall nutritional quality of the diet, impacting long-term health. The practice of mindful eating, which involves paying full attention to the experience of eating, has been linked to improved mental health outcomes. In contrast, distracted eating can contribute to stress and anxiety, as it reduces the enjoyment and satisfaction of meals. 5 Creating specific areas for eating, free from digital devices and work related materials helps to establish a clear boundary between mealtime and other activities. Establishing and following regular meal times can reduce the temptation to cat while multitasking. This encourages a more structured approach to eating. Engage in mindful eating by focusing on the sensory experience of food — its taste, texture, and aroma. This can enhance the enjoyment of meals and improve satiety recognition. As awareness of the issue grows, it is hoped that more people will recognize the benefits of mindful eating and make conscious (自觉的) efforts to enjoy their meals fully and healthily. A．Addressing distracted eating requires conscious effort and lifestyle changes. B．Over time, this habit may weaken the brain’s ability to associate food with satisfaction. C．Eating in response to boredom, rather than genuine hunger, is a frequent consequence of such behavior. D．This shift in eating habits has significant consequences for our health and well-being. E．This can lead to overeating, as individuals are less aware of how much they have consumed. F．People are multitasking more than ever, trying to maximize productivity by combining meal times with other activities. G．Distracted eaters may make poorer food choices, choosing convenience foods that are often high in sugar, fat, and salt. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．E 4．G 5．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了在快节奏的科技时代，分心进食愈发普遍，其因数字设备和现代生活需求而生。分心进食对身心健康有害，会导致暴饮暴食、消化问题，影响食物选择。而正念饮食有益心理健康。可通过改变生活方式来解决分心进食，人们应重视正念饮食以健康用餐。 1．根据上文“In our fast-paced, technology-driven world, the act of eating has transformed from a mindful practice to an often hurried and distracted (分心的) activity. Distracted eating, characterized by consuming food while engaging in other activities such as watching television, scrolling through smartphones, or working at a desk, is becoming increasingly widespread. (在我们这个快节奏、科技驱动的世界里，吃的行为已经从一种用心的练习变成了一种经常匆忙和分心的活动。分心进食的特点是一边吃东西一边看电视、刷智能手机或伏案工作，这种现象正变得越来越普遍。)”可知，上文提到在快节奏、技术驱动的世界里，饮食行为从一种有意识的行为变成了匆忙且分心的活动，分心进食越来越普遍。本句承接上文，指出这种饮食行为的变化会带来不良后果，引出下文对分心进食影响的阐述，故D选项“这种饮食习惯的转变对我们的健康和幸福有重大影响。”符合语境，故选D。 2．根据上文“The common presence of digital devices and the constant demands of modern life have contributed to the rise of distracted eating. (数码设备的普遍存在和现代生活的不断需求导致了分心进食的增加。)”可知，上文指出数字设备的普遍存在和现代生活的持续需求导致了分心进食的增加，本句进一步解释了为什么会出现分心进食，故F选项“人们比以往任何时候都更加一心多用，试图通过把吃饭时间和其他活动结合起来来最大限度地提高效率。”符合语境，故选F。 3．根据上文“Distracted eating has several negative effects on physical and mental health. When attention is divided between eating and another activity, it becomes challenging to recognize signals of being full. (分心进食对身心健康有几个负面影响。当注意力在吃东西和其他活动之间分散时，识别吃饱的信号就变得很困难。)”可知，上文提到当注意力分散在进食和其他活动之间时，很难识别饱腹感信号，本句说明这种难以识别饱腹感信号的结果是过度进食，故E选项“这可能会导致暴饮暴食，因为人们很少意识到自己吃了多少。”符合语境，故选E。 4．根据上文“Eating while distracted can impair digestion. The body needs to be in a relaxed state for proper digestion, but multitasking can create a state of mild stress, affecting the digestive process. This can lead to discomfort, bloating, and other gastrointestinal issues. (分心时吃东西会损害消化。身体需要处于放松状态才能正常消化，但多任务处理会造成轻微的压力，影响消化过程。这会导致不适、腹胀和其他胃肠道问题。)”可知，上文提到分心进食会影响消化，导致不适、腹胀和其他胃肠道问题。本句进一步说明了分心进食在食物选择方面的不良影响，与上文一起阐述分心进食的负面效应，故G选项“分心的食客可能会做出更糟糕的食物选择，他们会选择高糖、高脂肪和高盐的方便食品。”符合语境，故选G。 5．根据后文“Creating specific areas for eating, free from digital devices and work related materials helps to establish a clear boundary between mealtime and other activities. Establishing and following regular meal times can reduce the temptation to cat while multitasking. This encourages a more structured approach to eating. Engage in mindful eating by focusing on the sensory experience of food — its taste, texture, and aroma. This can enhance the enjoyment of meals and improve satiety recognition. (创建特定的用餐区域，远离电子设备和与工作相关的材料，有助于在用餐时间和其他活动之间建立清晰的界限。建立并遵循规律的用餐时间可以减少在一心多用时吃猫的诱惑。这鼓励了一种更有条理的饮食方式。专注于食物的感官体验——它的味道、质地和香气，从而专心进食。这样可以增加用餐的乐趣，提高饱腹感。)”可知，下文提到创造特定的进食区域，建立和遵循规律的用餐时间等改变生活方式的措施来解决分心进食的问题。故A选项“解决进食分心问题需要有意识的努力和生活方式的改变。”符合语境，故选A。 9 (2025届北京市丰台区高三下学期二模英语试题)Much smaller in size than the diameter of an average human hair, nanoplastics are invisible to the naked eye. Linked to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in people, nanoplastics continue to build up, largely unnoticed, in the world’s bodies of water. 1 Therefore, at is urgent to develop better ways to remove nanoplastics from water. However the challenge remains to develop a cost-effective solution to get rid of nanoplastics while leaving clean water behind. 2 Recently, researchers created a cheap liquid-based solution that removes more than 98% of these microscopic plastic particles (颗粒) from water. The innovative method uses water-resistant solvents (溶剂) made from natural ingredients. It not only offers a practical solution to the pressing issue of nanoplastic pollution but also paves the way for further research and development in advanced water purification technologies. The strategy uses a small amount of designer solvent to absorb plastic particles from a large dume of water. 3 Once mixed with water and allowed to reseparate, the solvent floats back to the surface, carrying the nanoplastics within its molecular structure. Currently, the capacity of the solvent is not well understood. 4 Additionally, they will explore methods to recycle the solvent, enabling their reuse multiple times if necessary. 5 The solvents are made from safe, non-toxic components, and their ability to resist water prevents additional pollution of water sources, making them a highly sustainable solution. From a scientific perspective, creating effective removal methods fosters innovation in filtration technologies, provides insights into nanomaterial behavior, and supports the development of informed environmental policies. A．That’s where a new research comes in. B．The cost of producing the solvent is still too high. C．Previous methods failed to purify and recycle the small particles. D．Initially, the solvent sits on the water’s surface the way oil floats on water. E．In future work, researchers aim to determine the maximum capacity of the solvent. F．The new method offers multiple advantages that are both practical and scientifically significant. G．They can damage water ecosystems and enter the food chain, threatening wildlife and humans. 【答案】1．G 2．A 3．D 4．E 5．F 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了纳米塑料的危害，开发有效去除水中纳米塑料方法的紧迫性，创新的去除纳米塑料的方法及其优势，包括溶剂的作用、未来研究方向等内容。 1．根据上文“Much smaller in size than the diameter of an average human hair, nanoplastics are invisible to the naked eye. Linked to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in people, nanoplastics continue to build up, largely unnoticed, in the world’s bodies of water. (纳米塑料的尺寸比人类平均头发的直径小得多，肉眼看不见。纳米塑料与人类的心血管和呼吸系统疾病有关，在世界水体中不断积累，很大程度上未被注意到。)”可知，本段讲述了纳米塑料的危害，结合空格所处的位置可推断，此空应继续阐述纳米塑料的危害。G选项 “They can damage water ecosystems and enter the food chain, threatening wildlife and humans. (它们会破坏水生态系统并进入食物链，威胁到野生动物和人类。)”说明了纳米塑料对生态系统和食物链的危害，承接上文，符合语境。故选G项。 2．根据上文“Therefore, at is urgent to develop better ways to remove nanoplastics from water. However the challenge remains to develop a cost-effective solution to get rid of nanoplastics while leaving clean water behind. (因此，迫切需要开发更好的方法来去除水中的纳米塑料。然而，挑战仍然是开发一种具有成本效益的解决方案，在留下干净的水的同时去除纳米塑料。)”以及下文的“Recently, researchers created a cheap liquid-based solution that removes more than 98% of these microscopic plastic particles (颗粒) from water.(最近，研究人员开发出一种低成本的液态解决方案，能够从水中清除超过98%的这些微观塑料颗粒。)”可知，挑战仍然是开发一种具有成本效益的解决方案，在留下干净的水的同时去除纳米塑料，由此可知，此空应引出关于去除水中纳米塑料的新研究，A选项“That’s where a new research comes in. (这就是一项新研究的切入点。)”引出下文关于新研究的内容，符合语境。故选A项。 3．根据上文“The strategy uses a small amount of designer solvent to absorb plastic particles from a large dume of water. (该策略使用少量的特制溶剂从大量水中吸收塑料颗粒。)” 以及下文的“Once mixed with water and allowed to reseparate, the solvent floats back to the surface, carrying the nanoplastics within its molecular structure.(一旦与水混合并允许重新分离，溶剂会携带纳米塑料回到水面，其分子结构中包裹着这些微粒。)”可知，此空应具体描述溶剂在水中的情况，D选项“Initially, the solvent sits on the water’s surface the way oil floats on water. (最初，溶剂像油漂浮在水上一样漂浮在水面上。)” 说明了溶剂在水面上的状态，承接上文，且与下文的内容吻合，符合语境。故选D项。 4．根据上文“Currently, the capacity of the solvent is not well understood. (目前，溶剂的容量还不太清楚。)”以及下文的“Additionally, they will explore methods to recycle the solvent, enabling their reuse multiple times if necessary.(此外，他们还将探索回收溶剂的方法，以便在必要时能够多次重复使用。)”可知，此空应阐述关于溶剂容量的研究方向，E选项 “In future work, researchers aim to determine the maximum capacity of the solvent. (在未来的工作中，研究人员旨在确定溶剂的最大容量。)”说明了未来对溶剂容量的研究目标，承接上文，且与下文讲述的内容一致，Additionally为关键词。故选E项。 5．根据下文“The solvents are made from safe, non-toxic components, and their ability to resist water prevents additional pollution of water sources, making them a highly sustainable solution. From a scientific perspective, creating effective removal methods fosters innovation in filtration technologies, provides insights into nanomaterial behavior, and supports the development of informed environmental policies. (这些溶剂由安全、无毒的成分制成，它们的防水能力可防止水源受到额外污染，使其成为一种高度可持续的解决方案。从科学的角度来看，创建有效的去除方法促进了过滤技术的创新，提供了对纳米材料行为的深入了解，并支持制定明智的环境政策。)”可知，此处讲述了这种新方法的好处，结合空格处于段首的特点可知，此空可能是本段的主题句，总结新方法的优势，F选项“The new method offers multiple advantages that are both practical and scientifically significant. (这种新方法具有多种优势，既实用又具有科学意义。)”概括了本段的主题，引出下文对新方法优势的具体描述。故选F项。 10 (2025届北京市东城区高三下学期二模英语试题)After seeing online advertising for “Willy’s Cbocolate Experience”, people paid up to £80 each to attend. But it wasn’t as promised: instead of wondrous creations and an abundance of chocolate, families arrived at a mostly abandoned warehouse featuring a sad-looking castle. Later it emerged that the marketing materials were produced by artificial intelligence. Misleading ads are just one example of a common problem in our digitalised world. Yet even as deception (欺骗) grows more complicated, countermeasures are being developed. There is an arms race going on in the digital world. 1 Understanding that evolutionary conflict can help us beat those who aim to lie to us. Disinformation certainly predates the existence of humans. Cancer cells, for example, trick the immune system into treating them as a normal part of the body, causing white blood cells useless against them. 2 Cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of other birds. The foster parents are then deceived into raising the young of others at the expense of their own. More complex are cases where wild tufted capuchin monkeys may scream as though a predator (捕食者) is nearby to trick their fellow primates into running away from food. 3 This links to the Red Queen hypothesis, which refers to a case where two organisms compete to outsmart each other. 4 Cuckoos compete with host birds. Primates compete with each other. In each conflict, a new strategy by one party forces the other to adapt — or face elimination in the cold game of natural selection. Disinformation today is a more complex version of the false monkey screams. The good news is that we know enough about evolutionary thinking to predict which steps bad actors will take next. 5 We have novel ways to trick it into evolving a weakness that we then take advantage of, a process called “evolutionary trapping”. Similarly, we know someone will try to outfox the tools being developed to counter deepfakes. We can predict what the next form of deepfake will look like, then prevent it. A．Bodies compete with cancers. B．We do this already with cancer. C．They then take the food for themselves. D．They become more intelligent with each trick. E．We see disinformation strategies among animals, too. F．We need to use our understanding to make traps of our own. G．But the competition between deception and honesty is as old as life on Earth. 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．C 4．A 5．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了数字化世界中欺骗与反欺骗的“军备竞赛”，并通过自然界中的例子（如癌细胞、杜鹃鸟、卷尾猴等）类比说明这种对抗的进化本质。 1．根据文章第二段首句“There is an arms race going on in the digital world.(数字世界正在进行一场军备竞赛)”以及后文“Understanding that evolutionary conflict can help us beat those who aim to lie to us. Disinformation certainly predates the existence of humans.(理解那种进化冲突可以帮助我们打败那些想对我们撒谎的人。虚假信息在人类出现之前就已经存在了。)”提到的进化冲突（evolutionary conflict）与虚假信息在人类出现之前就已经存在可知，此处需强调欺骗与诚实的对抗历史悠久。选项G“但欺骗与诚实的竞争与地球生命一样古老”与此呼应，衔接后文对自然界欺骗策略的讨论。故选G。 2．下文“Cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of other birds. The foster parents are then deceived into raising the young of others at the expense of their own. More complex are cases where wild tufted capuchin monkeys may scream as though a predator (捕食者) is nearby to trick their fellow primates into running away from food.(杜鹃在别的鸟巢里下蛋。然后养父母被欺骗，以牺牲自己的孩子为代价抚养别人的孩子。更复杂的情况是，野生卷尾猴可能会尖叫，好像捕食者就在附近，以欺骗它们的灵长类同伴逃离食物。)”列举了杜鹃鸟和卷尾猴的欺骗行为，因此可知，此处总结动物界的虚假信息策略。选项E“我们在动物中也看到了虚假信息策略”是对本段内容的概括。故选E。 3．根据前文“More complex are cases where wild tufted capuchin monkeys may scream as though a predator(捕食者)is nearby to trick their fellow primates into running away from food.(更复杂的情况是，野生卷尾猴可能会尖叫，好像捕食者就在附近，以欺骗它们的灵长类同伴逃离食物。)”可知，猴子通过虚假警告独占食物。选项C“然后它们独占食物”承接上文，阐述前文行为的最终目的和结果。故选C。 4．根据前文“This links to the Red Queen hypothesis, which refers to a case where two organisms compete to outsmart each other.(这与红皇后假说有关，该假说指的是两种生物相互竞争以胜过对方的情况。)”提到的红皇后假说，两个生物竞争以智胜对方；后文“Cuckoos compete with host birds. Primates compete with each other.(杜鹃与宿主鸟类竞争，灵长类动物彼此竞争)”举例说明两种生物相互竞争以胜过对方，选项A“身体与癌症竞争。”承接上文，以癌症和身体的竞争为例阐释红皇后假说，与下文并列。与第二段的“Cancer cells, for example, trick the immune system into treating them as a normal part of the body, causing white blood cells useless against them.(例如，癌细胞欺骗免疫系统，将其视为身体的正常部分，导致白细胞对其无效。)”形成呼应。故选A。 5．根据上文“The good news is that we know enough about evolutionary thinking to predict which steps bad actors will take next.(好消息是，我们对进化思维有足够的了解，可以预测不良行为者下一步会采取什么步骤。)”以及下文“We have novel ways to trick it into evolving a weakness that we then take advantage of, a process called “evolutionary trapping”.(我们有新颖的方法来诱骗它进化出一个弱点，然后利用它，这个过程被称为‘进化陷阱’。）”可知，我们通过对进化思维的了解可以预测不良行为者的下一步，并在实践中进行运用，选项B“我们已对癌症这样做”提及人类已对癌症采取类似策略，符合语境，下文中的“it”指代选项中的“cancer”，选项中的“this”指代上文中的“predict which steps bad actors will take next”。故选B。 11 (2025届北京市海淀区高三下学期期末练习（二模）英语试题)Stuffed animals, or plush toys, are a cherished part of childhood for many. Yet their appeal extends far beyond the early years. Whether it’s a soft lion or a cuddly bunny, these comforting companions have a unique place in the hearts of millions. 51 One of the primary reasons stuffed animals are so beloved is the comfort they provide. For children, these soft, huggable toys often serve as a source of emotional security. The act of cuddling a stuffed animal can provide reassurance and a sense of calm. 1 The tactile sensation of soft fabric and the comforting weight of a plush toy can act like a physical comfort object, similar to a security blanket. Besides, stuffed animals often become loyal companions, offering emotional support. 2 The attachment they develop to their stuffed animals is not just a passing phase. It often carries lasting emotional significance well into adulthood. 3 Children might “care” for their toys in ways they see adults caring for them, developing empathy and nurturing skills. This kind of play helps children understand complex emotions like love, concern, and responsibility. This allows them to build emotional intelligence from an early age. Beyond emotional comfort, stuffed animals have been used as tools in therapy. In child psychology, therapists often incorporate stuffed animals to help children express their emotions, fears, and wishes in a non-threatening way. When a child has difficulty verbalizing complex feelings, a stuffed animal can serve as a “voice” for those emotions. 4 Many find comfort in hugging or holding a plush toy as a way to alleviate stress, anxiety, or even physical pain. A growing body of research suggests hugging a stuffed animal can reduce stress hormones, and trigger the release of oxytocin, which promotes feelings of well-being and relaxation. A．Why do they hold such a special place in seeking comfort? B．Many children treat them as real friends or family members. C．But what makes stuffed animals more than just simple toys? D．Stuffed animals are also often used as a form of role-playing. E．It can help children feel safe, especially during times of stress. F．Cuddling stuffed animals in therapy can keep adults in high spirits. G．Adults too can benefit from the therapeutic aspects of stuffed animals. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．B 4．D 5．G 【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了毛绒玩具不仅是童年的珍贵部分，对各年龄段都有独特意义。它能提供情感安慰，成为忠诚伙伴，还可用于角色扮演培养情商。毛绒玩具可作为治疗工具，无论是孩子还是成人，都能通过它缓解压力，释放促进幸福感的催产素。 1．根据上文“Stuffed animals, or plush toys, are a cherished part of childhood for many. Yet their appeal extends far beyond the early years. Whether it’s a soft lion or a cuddly bunny, these comforting companions have a unique place in the hearts of millions.(对许多人来说，毛绒玩具是童年珍贵的一部分。然而，它们的吸引力远远超出了最初的几年。无论是柔软的狮子还是可爱的兔子，这些令人安慰的伴侣在数百万人的心中都占有独特的地位)”可知，上文提到毛绒玩具深受喜爱，下一段开始阐述毛绒玩具受欢迎的原因，本句起到承上启下的作用，引出下文对毛绒玩具特殊之处的讨论，故C选项“但是是什么让毛绒动物不仅仅是简单的玩具呢？”符合语境，故选C。 2．根据上文“One of the primary reasons stuffed animals are so beloved is the comfort they provide. For children, these soft, huggable toys often serve as a source of emotional security. The act of cuddling a stuffed animal can provide reassurance and a sense of calm.(毛绒玩具如此受人喜爱的主要原因之一是它们提供的安慰。对于孩子们来说，这些柔软、可爱的玩具通常是情感安全感的来源。抱着毛绒玩具的行为可以提供安慰和平静的感觉)”可知，前文说毛绒玩具能给孩子带来情感上的安全感，拥抱毛绒玩具能带来安慰和平静，故本句进一步说明毛绒玩具让孩子有安全感，故E选项“它可以帮助孩子们感到安全，尤其是在有压力的时候”符合语境，故选E。 3．根据上文“Besides, stuffed animals often become loyal companions, offering emotional support.(此外，毛绒玩具经常成为忠实的伙伴，提供情感支持)”以及后文“The attachment they develop to their stuffed animals is not just a passing phase. It often carries lasting emotional significance well into adulthood.(他们对毛绒玩具的依恋并不是暂时的。它通常会在成年后带来持久的情感意义)”可知，上文说毛绒玩具是忠诚的伙伴，能提供情感支持，后文说孩子对毛绒玩具的依恋不是短暂的阶段，推测本句说明孩子对毛绒玩具的特殊情感，故B选项“许多孩子把他们当作真正的朋友或家人”符合语境，故选B。 4．根据后文“Children might “care” for their toys in ways they see adults caring for them, developing empathy and nurturing skills. This kind of play helps children understand complex emotions like love, concern, and responsibility. This allows them to build emotional intelligence from an early age.(孩子们可能会以他们看到的成年人照顾他们的方式“照顾”他们的玩具，培养同理心和养育技能。这种游戏可以帮助孩子理解复杂的情感，比如爱、关心和责任。这使得他们在很小的时候就能建立情商)”可知，后文说孩子会像大人照顾自己一样 “照顾” 玩具，培养同理心和养育技能，本句为主旨句，引出下文孩子通过玩毛绒玩具进行角色扮演的内容，故D选项“填充动物玩具也经常被用作角色扮演的一种形式”符合语境，故选D。 5．根据前文“Beyond emotional comfort, stuffed animals have been used as tools in therapy. In child psychology, therapists often incorporate stuffed animals to help children express their emotions, fears, and wishes in a non-threatening way. (除了情感上的安慰，毛绒动物还被用作治疗工具。在儿童心理学中，治疗师经常使用毛绒动物玩具来帮助孩子们以一种不具威胁性的方式表达他们的情绪、恐惧和愿望)”可知，第五段从儿童治疗转向成年人受益，G选项“成年人也能从毛绒玩具的治疗方面获益”衔接后文研究结论，后文“Many find comfort in hugging or holding a plush toy as a way to alleviate stress, anxiety, or even physical pain. A growing body of research suggests hugging a stuffed animal can reduce stress hormones, and trigger the release of oxytocin, which promotes feelings of well-being and relaxation.(许多人认为拥抱或抱着毛绒玩具是缓解压力、焦虑甚至身体疼痛的一种方式。越来越多的研究表明，拥抱毛绒玩具可以减少压力荷尔蒙，并引发催产素的释放，从而促进幸福感和放松感)”说很多人通过拥抱毛绒玩具缓解压力，说明毛绒玩具对成年人也有治疗作用，故符合语境，故选G。 12 (2025届北京市门头沟区高三下学期3月综合练习（一模）英语试题)Daydreaming, often dismissed as a waste of time, is increasingly recognized as a vital cognitive process. Far from being a sign of laziness, daydreaming allows the brain to explore ideas, solve problems and foster creativity. Recent studies in neuroscience have revealed the complex mechanisms behind this mental activity. When we daydream, the brain enters a state known as the “default mode network” (DMN). 1 This network becomes active when we are not focused on the outside world, enabling the brain to process information, consolidate memories and generate new ideas. For example, many breakthroughs in science and art have emerged from moments of spontaneous daydreaming. Contrary to popular belief, daydreaming is not a passive activity. It requires significant mental energy and involves complex neural activity. Research shows that during daydreaming, the brain engages in high-level cognitive processes, such as planning, self-reflection and emotional regulation. 2 Moreover, daydreaming can enhance problem-solving abilities. By exploring in the daydream, many people can find ways to tackle the problems. 3 By allowing the mind to wander, we can approach challenges from new perspectives and uncover innovative solutions. Studies have found that individuals who daydream regularly tend to perform better on tasks requiring creative thinking. 4 Negative daydreaming patterns can interfere with mental health and daily functioning. Excessive or negative daydreaming, often linked to meditation, can lead to anxiety and reduced productivity. The key is to strike a balance between focused work and intentional daydreaming. To harness the benefits of daydreaming, it’s important to create opportunities for it. 5 For instance, taking short breaks during work or engaging in activities like walking can stimulate the DMN and promote productive daydreaming. A．However, not all daydreaming is beneficial. B．The DMN is a network of brain regions that activate during restful states. C．These activities are essential for long-term goal setting and personal growth. D．Daydreaming is most effective when combined with periods of intense focus. E．The brain’s ability to switch between focused attention and daydreaming is crucial. F．It also can improve emotional toughness by helping us process difficult experiences. G．Structured daydreaming, such as guided visualization, can enhance its positive effects. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．F 4．A 5．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了白日梦的认知价值及其神经机制，分析了其积极作用（如促进创造力、解决问题）和潜在负面影响，并提出如何有效利用白日梦的方法。 1．根据上文“When we daydream, the brain enters a state known as the “default mode network” (DMN) (当我们做白日梦时，大脑进入一种被称为“默认模式网络”（DMN）的状态)”可知，选项承接上文需解释DMN的定义。故B选项“DMN是大脑在休息状态下激活的区域网络”切题。故选B项。 2．根据上文“Research shows that during daydreaming, the brain engages in high-level cognitive processes, such as planning, self-reflection and emotional regulation.(研究表明，在做白日梦时，大脑会进行高级认知过程，如计划、自我反思和情绪调节)”可知，选项承接上文说明这些活动的作用。故C选项“这些活动对长期目标设定和个人成长至关重要”切题。故选C项。 3．根据上文“Moreover, daydreaming can enhance problem-solving abilities. By exploring in the daydream, many people can find ways to tackle the problems.(此外，白日梦可以提高解决问题的能力。通过在白日梦中探索，许多人可以找到解决问题的方法)”可知，选项承接上文说明白日梦的其他益处。故F选项“它还能通过帮助我们处理困难经历来提升情绪韧性”切题。故选F项。 4．根据下文“Negative daydreaming patterns can interfere with mental health and daily functioning.(消极的白日梦模式会干扰心理健康和日常功能)”可知，选项引出下文的负面影响。故A选项“然而，并非所有白日梦都有益”切题。故选A项。 5．根据上文“To harness the benefits of daydreaming, it's important to create opportunities for it.(为了利用白日梦的好处，为它创造机会是很重要的)”可知，选项承接上文说明具体的创造机会是什么。故D选项“白日梦在集中注意力的时候是最有效的”切题。故选D项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$