Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 阅读理解10篇（单元话题：科学与科学家）-2025-2026学年高一英语译林版必修第三册

Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 阅读理解10篇 内容导航 单元话题 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 单元话题聚焦 科学与科学家 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 Passage 1 Women have always contributed to science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), but their names are often left out of history books. Likewise, girls and women are faced with social and cultural barriers that can prevent them from studying’ STEM subjects in school or thriving in the workplace. We celebrate women in STEM fields throughout our exhibit floors during the month of March. We worked with teens in our Discovery Corps to identify women whose work is making a lasting impact. This list of honorees is meant to spark conversation and also highlight the many accomplishments of women in STEM. This is by no means a complete list. Tag us @PacSci on Facebook, Twitter, and/or Instagram to share the names of women scientists, innovators, and inventors in your life! Tu Youyou Inspired to pursue medicine after surviving tuberculosis as a teenager, Tu Youyou studied both modern and traditional practices, turning to ancient Chinese texts to find a cure for malaria. After learning that sweet wormwood was a traditional treatment for a common malaria symptom, Tu discovered a way to extract its active compound, artemisinin, saving millions of lives. In 2015, Tu became the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize. Maryam Mirzakhani Maryam Mirzakhani was the first woman and first Iranian to win the Fields Medal (2014), the highest honor in mathematics. Mirzakhani solved complex, cross-disciplinary problems that had long puzzled mathematicians in fields such as dynamics, topology, and hyperbolic geometry. She created essential tools that mathematicians say will continue to shape the field for years to come. Kimberly Bryant As a black woman studying computer science and electrical engineering, Kimberly Bryant felt a sense of community was missing. When her own daughter grew interested in computer science, Bryant wanted better for her. Using experience gained through multiple leadership positions at major corporations, she founded Black Girls Code, a computer science and technology training course for girls from underrepresented communities that has grown into a global program. 1．How did Tu Youyou find the cure for malaria? A．By using computer science. B．By reading ancient Chinese books. C．By studying electrical engineering. D．By working with a team of scientists. 2．What did Maryam Mirzakhani win in 2014? A．A Nobel Prize in medicine. B．The Black Girls Code award. C．The Fields Medal in math. D．A global science competition. 3．Why did Kimberly Bryant start Black Girls Code? A．To win a top international science prize. B．To achieve fame as a mathematics expert. C．To develop new medical treatments for kids. D．To support girls from underserved communities. Passage 2 In what would become one of her last interviews, Jane sat with a faded photograph in her hands. The image showed the baby Jane holding her first birthday gift from her father — a stuffed chimpanzee (黑猩猩) Jubilee. “My mother’s friends were horrified by this toy, thinking it would frighten me and give me nightmares,” she recalled. Instead, it led to her sense of wonder about the world and changed humankind’s understanding of animals. Her fascination with Africa began not long after she learned to read. She discovered Dr. Doolittle at eight, and Tarzan and the Apes by ten. It was then that she announced she was going to grow up, go to Africa, live with wild animals, and write books about them. This was in 1944, when World War II was raging and the idea of women as professionals “just wasn’t on the table.” London-born Jane always credited her parents — businessman Mortimer Herbert and novelist Margaret Joseph — for their support. When other children teased her unusual dream, her mother reassured her: true dreams demand tireless work, seizing opportunity, and never giving in to doubt. This firm belief became her life’s foundation. A memory from age four captures this: she had disappeared for four hours, causing considerable concern, only to be discovered sitting contentedly in the henhouse, absorbed in watching the hens and wondering where their eggs came from. Instead of scolding her, her mother saw the profound wonder in her daughter’s eyes. Her work defined her life — right up to the end. Despite her old age, Jane traveled 300 days a year, delivering talks to students, scientists, and academics. She was on a speaking tour in the U. S. when she passed away recently in her sleep at a hotel in Los Angeles. Tributes (颂词) flooded in from far and wide. “Jane’s work on primates and the importance of conservation opened the doors for generations of women in science,” Barack Obama said. Prince William praised her “infinite curiosity, compassion, and pioneering spirit. She challenged us all to make a difference and inspired me and countless others to work to protect our planet.” 1．Why is the toy Jubilee mentioned? A．It shows the fears it created in her childhood. B．It highlights its inspiring role in her life. C．It justifies her bond with family social circle. D．It functions as her first scientific subject. 2．What does “wasn’t on the table” suggest in paragraph 2? A．Wildlife study was unsuitable for women. B．Scientific practice was set under the table. C．Society could accommodate girls’ ambition. D．Female scientists were less acknowledged. 3．What quality did Jane get from her family education? A．Curiosity and persistence. B．Ambition and competitiveness. C．Creativity and imagination. D．Gentleness and care. 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To launch a pioneering campaign. B．To introduce a promising career. C．To remember a guardian of nature. D．To awaken a passion for wildlife. Passage 3 Nature was Chen Rui’s “childhood home”. The 37-year-old researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Zoology wasn’t able to talk until he was 4 years old. He didn’t have friends around his age, which led him to turn his attention to non-human things around him. He became extremely interested in the world of insects. “The happiest time of my childhood was in the farm fields. I squatted (蹲) there, observing the activities of insects, including ants building their homes and dragonflies flying low. I had so many questions about their activities and was full of curiosity about this world,” says Chen. The experiences in his childhood planted a seed deep in his heart. Decades later, he’s a scholar who has engaged in life-science investigations in nearly 100 countries and regions on five continents. He has found around 100 new species living and extinct. “I was ‘healed’ by nature,” he says. “I wanted to grow up to share the power of nature with more young people and to popularize understanding of animals. including insects. He has ever visited the Amazon rainforest several times, trying to discover new species. One insect variety he found was leaf-cutter ants, a species that shows powerful cooperation and farming abilities. He is impressed by their close cooperation. He observed that the ants are divided into different groups that are respectively responsible for cutting leaves, transporting harvested pieces, clearing obstacles out of the way, guarding the colony and taking care of the young. “Several million ants can live in one nest, but their activities are very orderly,” says Chen. Chen points out that leaf-cutter ants are not the only species to have magical abilities. “If we humans believe we are the smartest beings in the world, we may be limited to this preconception (成见). If we are instead humble and regard all other beings as our teachers, we can gain endless wisdom,” he says. 1．Why did Chen Rui focus his attention on insects in his childhood? A．He loved playing in the farm fields every day. B．He wanted to become a researcher in the future. C．He couldn’t talk and had no friends his own age. D．His parents asked him to observe insect activities. 2．What aspect of leaf-cutter ants’ behavior impress Chen most? A．Their skill in building large underground nests. B．Their strong and powerful defense against enemies. C．Their ability to communicate through sound signals. D．Their highly organized division of labor among groups. 3．What does Chen Rui expect people to do? A．Take inspiration from other species. B．Protect nonhuman things around us. C．Explore the world of science. D．Apply theories to our lives. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Leaf-cutter Ants: An Amazing Species B．Chen Rui’s Adventures in the Amazon C．Chen Rui: A Person Cured by Nature D．The Joys of Childhood in the Fields Passage 4 Jane Goodall’s research on chimpanzees (黑猩猩) redefined what it meant to be human. She offers a perfect example of how to change the world for the better without becoming negative, or narrow-minded. Her life journey is truly inspiring. As a little girl in the 1930s England, she was amazed at the animals in her backyard. Later, her pioneering research on chimpanzees in Tanzania challenged the way people defined (下定义) what it meant to be human. Goodall’s observations in the forests of Gombe, Tanzania, showed that the most successful chimp leaders were gentle and caring. She also made a pioneering discovery: chimpanzees use tools. Until then, scientists believed only humans could use tools. This discovery caused anthropologist (人类学家) Louis Leakey to declare, “Now we must redefine tool, redefine Man, or accept chimpanzees as human.” Goodall wasn’t formally trained in science when she began her work, but Leakey chose her for that very reason. He believed an open mind was extremely important and necessary for breakthrough discoveries and held the view that the formal training sometimes limited creativity. He also thought women might be more patient and observant than men — a belief Goodall proved right. She treated animals as individuals with emotions, gave them names rather than numbers, and described their communities as being almost tribal (部落). Goodall was also a storyteller. She believed in the power of stories to help people understand animals and nature. Through the Jane Goodall Institute, she started Roots & Shoots, which teaches children how to help animals and the environment. One of her most powerful lessons is this: “The greatest danger to our future is our apathy. That’s to say, each one of us must take responsibility for our own lives, and above all, show respect and love for living things around us, especially each other.” Goodall’s warmth, and love for animals always made her a role model for the world. 1．What challenged people’s understanding of human? A．Goodall’s story. B．Chimps’ using tools. C．Chimps’ leading ability. D．Goodall’s observations. 2．What mainly caused Leakey to choose Goodall? A．Her open mind. B．Her high degree. C．Her good patience. D．Her rich training. 3．What does the underlined word “apathy” probably mean in paragraph 4? A．A strong desire. B．An absence of concern. C．A failure to make decisions. D．A feeling of self-confidence. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Proof of Redefining Human B．A Storyteller of Animal Protection C．A Pioneer in Chimpanzee Research D．A Project for Chimpanzee Research Passage 5 Jane Goodall, a worldwide name, passed away in 2025 at the age of 91. Her life’s work changed how humans see themselves in connection with the animal world. In 1960, at 26 and without a university degree, Jane arrived at Gombe National Park in Tanzania. Her task was to study wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩). With great patience and strong will, she won their trust and made discoveries that shocked the scientific world. She found that chimpanzees not only used tools but also made them — a behavior once thought only to be for humans. She also noticed that each chimp had a special personality. She gave them names like David Greybeard and Flo, treating them as independent ones. Her findings published in magazines and her bestselling book In the Shadow of Man made her famous. They showed the line between humans and animals is much thinner than once believed. Later she earned a Ph.D．from Cambridge University. However, Jane’s journey didn’t end in the forest. In 1986, after learning about the dangers facing chimpanzees, she changed from a scientist into a global activist (全球活动家). She traveled endlessly, giving speeches to inspire people to protect nature. She started the Jane Goodall Institute and a young people’s program called Roots & Shoots, delivering a message of hope and action. She faced challenges bravely. A story from a workmate describes a difficult hike (远足) through a forest that left her feet badly hurt. The next morning, she learned a simple trick to protect her feet. By the following day, she was doing it herself, showing her practical and independent spirit. Jane Goodall’s true contribution is valued not in prizes, but in the millions she inspired — especially young women — and in the greater understanding and care for chimpanzees and our shared planet. She showed the world that hope is a powerful force for change through her actions. 1．What can we learn about Jane Goodall’s early research? A．It made her lose a degree. B．It was supported by experts. C．It was done in the laboratory. D．It required good qualities. 2．Why did Goodall become a global activist in 1986? A．She wanted to make herself famous. B．She felt she must deal with risks. C．She lost interest in doing research. D．She was inspired by a program. 3．What is Goodall’s opinion on hope and change? A．Speeches spread hope. B．Hope drives change. C．Teenagers bring hope. D．Science needs change. 4．Which of the following best describes Goodall? A．Open-minded. B．Self-centered. C．Warm-hearted. D．Strong-minded. Passage 6 Albert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people. This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics. After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900. After two years of looking for work as a teacher, Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office. While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. That same year, which was later recorded as a miracle year in science, he published four extraordinary physics papers. Following this, he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. After four years, he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. As a consequence he had to flee Germany. After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA．Following that, he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics. 1．Which of the following has the similar meaning to the underlined word “numerous” in paragraph 1? A．Very large B．Rather great C．Amounts of D．Splendid 2．Which of the following about Einstein is TRUE according to the passage? A．Once the gentle genius was not so good at studying. B．He managed to enter university in Switzerland at 16. C．He was born in Germany on 14 March 1897. D．He didn’t obtain exceptional scores in maths and physics. 3．Why was Einstein awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize? A．He was recorded to be a miracle then. B．He had four physics paper published. C．He became just as famous as Newton. D．He explained the photoelectric effect. 4．Why did Einstein have to flee Germany? A．He wanted to go to the USA． B．Hitler came to power. C．He took up a job in Princeton. D．He wanted to make achievements in physics. Passage 7 In the northwest corner of Tsinghua’s campus stands the Science Building, the location of the Institute for Advanced Study. Tsinghua University established this institute in 1997, with Yang Chen-Ning as its honorary director. In 2002, Yang made the decision to return to the University — “Tsinghua Garden”, where he used to study. After returning to Tsinghua, Yang immediately threw himself into a very compressed work schedule, keeping his active attitude towards scientific research and teaching. In the fall term of 2004, the 82-year-old Yang still lectured in General Physics to four freshman classes. He had two classes and one office hour per week, prepared exam questions for the mid-term and final exams, and was present in the examination room. He set a good example for the students. One of Yang’s main concerns was to communicate with the next generation of scientists, hoping to inspire more young people with an interest in the field to contribute to the development of scientific fields in China. At the International Science Master Forum, when a senior high school student asked about “how to develop and keep creative spirit and curiosity”, Yang answered that research on the frontiers (前沿) of science generally goes through both painful times and happy times. “I think there are two very important mindsets that you must keep at the same time: First, never give up no matter what happens. Second, if you really feel that you can’t go on any more, you need to find yourself a new direction,” he said. “Being down-to-earth and simple” is both Yang Chen-Ning’s expectation for Chinese science and his personal life belief. It is a belief that this influential physicist of our time has practiced for his whole life. 1．What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Heavy. B．Open. C．Light. D．Suitable. 2．What did Yang do as a teacher at Tsinghua in 2004? A．He designed a new curriculum for freshmen. B．He gave lessons weekly and prepared test papers. C．He wrote textbooks for General Physics. D．He started the International Science Master Forum. 3．According to Yang, what is important for scientific research? A．Avoiding challenges that seem too difficult. B．Keeping trying and knowing when to change. C．Working fast instead of being perfect. D．Practising personal life belief. 4．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A brochure. B．A fashion magazine. C．A newspaper. D．A research paper. Passage 8 Jane Goodall, who died on October 1, 2025 at 91, devoted her life to the study of animal behavior and kept a charm, open-mindedness, optimism and wide-eyed wonder that are more typical of children. In her pioneering studies in the big rainforest of Tanzania’s Gombe Stream Game Reserve, now a national park, Goodall famously recorded chimps (黑猩猩) taking long pieces of grass and inserting them into termite (白蚁) nests to “fish” for the insects to eat, something no one else had previously observed. It was the first time an animal had been seen using a tool, a discovery that changed how scientists differentiated between humanity and the rest of the animal kingdom. Without formal training, she turned up in the famous anthropologist (人类学家) Louis Leakey’s office in Tanzania in 1957 as his secretary, but she soon was encouraged to study chimpanzees for her potential as a female. She has a completely open mind and deep insight into humans’ closest living relatives, something most scientists lost during their formal training. Later, when Goodall wrote up her observations of chimps using tools, Leakey wrote, “Now we must redefine (重新定义) tool, redefine Man, or accept chimpanzees as human.” Goodall spoke of animals as having emotions and cultures, and in the case of chimps, communities that were almost tribal. She also named the chimps she observed, an unheard-of practice at the time, receiving laughing from scientists who had traditionally numbered their research subjects. Goodall inspired and advised world leaders, celebrities, scientists and conservationists, also touching the lives of millions of children. Through the Jane Goodall Institute, which works to engage people around the world in conservation, she set up Roots Shoots, a global youth program that operates in more than 60 countries. The program teaches children about connections between people, animals and the environment, and ways to engage locally to help all three. 1．Why was Goodall’s discovery about chimps so important? A．It found termites were chimps’ main food. B．It changed how we define humans and animals. C．It proved chimps could make tools like humans. D．It first showed chimps eating termites with tools. 2．What helped Goodall succeed without formal training? A．Her secretarial work for Dr. Leakey. B．Living very close to the chimps in forests. C．Her open mind and deep insight into animals. D．Leakey’s belief that women researchers were better. 3．How was Goodall’s research method unusual? A．She followed tradition by numbering chimps. B．She filmed chimp behavior instead of writing. C．She named chimps and saw them as emotional. D．She studied individual chimps rather than groups. 4．Which words best describe Jane Goodall? A．Creative and inspiring. B．Outgoing and influential. C．Responsible and graceful. D．Determined and emotional. 重难语篇练习 Passage 1 Recently, the list for the 2026 Sloan Research Fellowships was announced in the United States. Chinese young scientist Cao Yuan has been awarded this well-known honor. Cao Yuan, born in 1996 in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, graduated from University of Science and Technology of China in 2014. In 2018, Cao, 22, was named as the most influential scientist of the year by Nature magazine, for a major discovery of graphene superconductivity angle (石墨烯超导角度). Nature on March 5 published two major papers by Cao. It was the first time that Nature released two continuous articles with the same first author. Cao became the youngest Chinese who published an article in Nature. The discovery was a breakthrough in the area of condensed matter physics and received worldwide attention. Every year, Nature releases an issue highlighting the “ten people who mattered.” The cover is always a large number ten. Its design and pattern depend on the major scientific advances of the year. The year of 2018, the cover referred to Cao’s contributions. Cao’s passion for science emerged early: as a child, he loved buying electronic components to study circuits. His talent and diligence impressed his mentors, including Professor Zeng Changgan, who recalled that as an undergraduate Cao wrote a PRB theory article. He thought Cao was awesome and active. Beyond brilliance, Cao exemplifies perseverance. According to Nature, “despite a disappointing PhD start that made six months’ work fruitless due to experimental accidents, he simply rolled up his sleeves and continued working.” Humble about his achievements, Cao once said, “I just skipped some boring stuff in middle school.” He advises, “Those who walk every step conscientiously will have a bright future.” This mixture of modesty and perseverance defines his inspiring journey. 1．What honor did Cao Yuan receive in 2018? A．The most influential author. B．The Sloan Research Fellowship. C．The title of the youngest professor. D．One of Nature’s 10 people who mattered. 2．What can be inferred about Nature magazine? A．It only publishes work by young scientists. B．Its cover signals the year’s key scientific advances. C．It awards prizes to the most influential researchers. D．It focuses mainly on Chinese scientific achievements. 3．Which of the following best describes Cao Yuan? A．Diligent and persevering. B．Cautious and moody. C．Indifferent and impatient. D．Humble and dependent. 4．What message do Cao Yuan’s words in the last paragraph convey? A．Youth is wasted on the young. B．Luck is when preparation meets opportunity. C．The road to success is paved with steady small steps. D．Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. Passage 2 As a child, Brian Fisher dreamed of becoming a botanist. While on botany journeys, Fisher began to ask questions about the ants that he discovered on the plants he was researching Since the other botanists were unable to identify those ants, Fisher reached out to an ant scientist to gain further knowledge. Then he became an entomologist, or a scientist who studies insects. Soon, Fisher set himself the goal of identifying every species of ant in the world, and he aims to construct a tree of ant species. Fisher, along with his team, has already succeeded in identifying a complete subfamily of ants. It was his ant species tree that led Fisher to Madagascar, an island off the coast of Africa. During his research in Madagascar’s six-month rainy season — which is ideal for observing ants — he endured severe illnesses, and he and his team faced frequent rainstorms, broken bridges, rough roads, and such challenges as pushing cars free of mud. Yet his work in that region has extended far beyond the study of ants. “You cannot preserve a forest when the people living nearby are hungry,” he states, so he sought out methods to assist those individuals. He developed a new method for farming eatable insects, which he then taught to the people of Madagascar. Fisher understands what is required to build a career in the field of science. “To survive as a scientist,” he explains, “you must be motivated, driven, and fully focused.” He also emphasizes that being a good writer is essential, as it allows you to “share your story in an engaging way that will make people want to read your work.” Once Fisher’s species tree is fully completed, it may unlock an entirely new world of ant research. However, two major challenges stand in the way: climate change and human intervention. How can we study ants if their natural habitats are disappearing? Fisher hopes he can interest people in the significance of Earth’s biodiversity. 1．What initially contributed to Fisher’s changing his career? A．His childhood dream of saving ants. B．The aim of creating an ant species tree. C．His experience of studying plants. D．The ant scientist’s encouragement. 2．Which word best describes Fisher’s journey in Madagascar? A．Eventful. B．Debatable. C．Unsuccessful. D．Costly. 3．What does Fisher infer to do? A．Focus on scientific writing. B．Protect the natural ecology. C．Improve farming techniques. D．Learn about ant species’ habitats. 4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A．To promote Fisher’s ant species tree. B．To explain Fisher’s research methods. C．To introduce Fisher’s career philosophy. D．To outline Fisher’s ant research and contributions. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 阅读理解10篇 内容导航 单元话题 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 单元话题聚焦 科学与科学家 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 Passage 1 Women have always contributed to science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), but their names are often left out of history books. Likewise, girls and women are faced with social and cultural barriers that can prevent them from studying’ STEM subjects in school or thriving in the workplace. We celebrate women in STEM fields throughout our exhibit floors during the month of March. We worked with teens in our Discovery Corps to identify women whose work is making a lasting impact. This list of honorees is meant to spark conversation and also highlight the many accomplishments of women in STEM. This is by no means a complete list. Tag us @PacSci on Facebook, Twitter, and/or Instagram to share the names of women scientists, innovators, and inventors in your life! Tu Youyou Inspired to pursue medicine after surviving tuberculosis as a teenager, Tu Youyou studied both modern and traditional practices, turning to ancient Chinese texts to find a cure for malaria. After learning that sweet wormwood was a traditional treatment for a common malaria symptom, Tu discovered a way to extract its active compound, artemisinin, saving millions of lives. In 2015, Tu became the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize. Maryam Mirzakhani Maryam Mirzakhani was the first woman and first Iranian to win the Fields Medal (2014), the highest honor in mathematics. Mirzakhani solved complex, cross-disciplinary problems that had long puzzled mathematicians in fields such as dynamics, topology, and hyperbolic geometry. She created essential tools that mathematicians say will continue to shape the field for years to come. Kimberly Bryant As a black woman studying computer science and electrical engineering, Kimberly Bryant felt a sense of community was missing. When her own daughter grew interested in computer science, Bryant wanted better for her. Using experience gained through multiple leadership positions at major corporations, she founded Black Girls Code, a computer science and technology training course for girls from underrepresented communities that has grown into a global program. 1．How did Tu Youyou find the cure for malaria? A．By using computer science. B．By reading ancient Chinese books. C．By studying electrical engineering. D．By working with a team of scientists. 2．What did Maryam Mirzakhani win in 2014? A．A Nobel Prize in medicine. B．The Black Girls Code award. C．The Fields Medal in math. D．A global science competition. 3．Why did Kimberly Bryant start Black Girls Code? A．To win a top international science prize. B．To achieve fame as a mathematics expert. C．To develop new medical treatments for kids. D．To support girls from underserved communities. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，通过介绍三位杰出女性——屠呦呦、玛丽亚姆·米尔扎哈尼和金伯利·布莱恩特的事迹，来彰显女性在STEM领域的成就和影响力 1．细节理解题。根据Tu Youyou部分“Inspired to pursue medicine after surviving tuberculosis as a teenager, Tu Youyou studied both modern and traditional practices, turning to ancient Chinese texts to find a cure for malaria. After learning that sweet wormwood was a traditional treatment for a common malaria symptom, Tu discovered a way to extract its active compound, artemisinin, saving millions of lives.(屠呦呦在青少年时期患上肺结核，康复后受此激励投身医学研究，她既学习现代医学知识，也钻研传统医学实践，从中国古代典籍中探寻治疗疟疾的方法。在了解到甜艾蒿是治疗疟疾常见症状的一种传统药物后，屠呦呦发现了一种提取其有效成分青蒿素的方法，拯救了数百万人的生命。)”可知，屠呦呦通过研读中国古代典籍找到了治疗疟疾的方法。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据Maryam Mirzakhani部分“Maryam Mirzakhani was the first woman and first Iranian to win the Fields Medal (2014), the highest honor in mathematics.(玛丽安·米尔扎哈尼是首位获得菲尔兹奖（2014 年）的女性，也是首位获得此殊荣的伊朗人。)”可知，玛丽安·米尔扎哈尼在2014年获得了数学界的菲尔兹奖。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据Kimberly Bryant部分“Using experience gained through multiple leadership positions at major corporations, she founded Black Girls Code, a computer science and technology training course for girls from underrepresented communities that has grown into a global program.(凭借在多家大公司担任多个领导职位所积累的经验，她创立了“黑人女孩编程”（Black Girls Code）组织，这是一个面向代表性不足社区女孩的计算机科学和技术培训课程，如今已发展成为一个全球性项目。)”可知，Kimberly Bryant创办“黑人女孩编程”组织是为了支持来自弱势社区的女孩们。故选D。 Passage 2 In what would become one of her last interviews, Jane sat with a faded photograph in her hands. The image showed the baby Jane holding her first birthday gift from her father — a stuffed chimpanzee (黑猩猩) Jubilee. “My mother’s friends were horrified by this toy, thinking it would frighten me and give me nightmares,” she recalled. Instead, it led to her sense of wonder about the world and changed humankind’s understanding of animals. Her fascination with Africa began not long after she learned to read. She discovered Dr. Doolittle at eight, and Tarzan and the Apes by ten. It was then that she announced she was going to grow up, go to Africa, live with wild animals, and write books about them. This was in 1944, when World War II was raging and the idea of women as professionals “just wasn’t on the table.” London-born Jane always credited her parents — businessman Mortimer Herbert and novelist Margaret Joseph — for their support. When other children teased her unusual dream, her mother reassured her: true dreams demand tireless work, seizing opportunity, and never giving in to doubt. This firm belief became her life’s foundation. A memory from age four captures this: she had disappeared for four hours, causing considerable concern, only to be discovered sitting contentedly in the henhouse, absorbed in watching the hens and wondering where their eggs came from. Instead of scolding her, her mother saw the profound wonder in her daughter’s eyes. Her work defined her life — right up to the end. Despite her old age, Jane traveled 300 days a year, delivering talks to students, scientists, and academics. She was on a speaking tour in the U. S. when she passed away recently in her sleep at a hotel in Los Angeles. Tributes (颂词) flooded in from far and wide. “Jane’s work on primates and the importance of conservation opened the doors for generations of women in science,” Barack Obama said. Prince William praised her “infinite curiosity, compassion, and pioneering spirit. She challenged us all to make a difference and inspired me and countless others to work to protect our planet.” 1．Why is the toy Jubilee mentioned? A．It shows the fears it created in her childhood. B．It highlights its inspiring role in her life. C．It justifies her bond with family social circle. D．It functions as her first scientific subject. 2．What does “wasn’t on the table” suggest in paragraph 2? A．Wildlife study was unsuitable for women. B．Scientific practice was set under the table. C．Society could accommodate girls’ ambition. D．Female scientists were less acknowledged. 3．What quality did Jane get from her family education? A．Curiosity and persistence. B．Ambition and competitiveness. C．Creativity and imagination. D．Gentleness and care. 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To launch a pioneering campaign. B．To introduce a promising career. C．To remember a guardian of nature. D．To awaken a passion for wildlife. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了动物学家简·古道尔的生平，包括童年玩具带来的启发、追梦历程、家庭支持、毕生的科研与环保工作，以及她对后世的深远影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“The image showed the baby Jane holding her first birthday gift from her father — a stuffed chimpanzee (黑猩猩) Jubilee. “My mother’s friends were horrified by this toy, thinking it would frighten me and give me nightmares,” she recalled. Instead, it led to her sense of wonder about the world and changed humankind’s understanding of animals.(这张照片里，幼时的珍抱着父亲送她的一岁生日礼物 —— 一只名为朱比利的毛绒黑猩猩玩偶。她回忆道：“母亲的朋友们看到这个玩具都吓坏了，觉得它会吓到我，还会让我做噩梦。”可恰恰是这个玩偶，唤起了她对世界的好奇之心，也改变了人类对动物的认知。)”以及上文可知，玩具Jubilee对她的人生起到了启发和激励的作用。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“It was then that she announced she was going to grow up, go to Africa, live with wild animals, and write books about them. This was in 1944, when World War II was raging and the idea of women as professionals “just wasn’t on the table.”(就在那时，她许下心愿：长大后要去非洲，与野生动物相伴，还会写下关于它们的书。那是在1944年，二战正激烈，女性成为专业人士的想法在当时“wasn’t on the table”。)”可知，简在1944年提出要从事野生动物研究的职业理想，而当时的社会背景下，女性成为专业人士的想法不被接受，即“野生动物研究不适合女性”。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“London-born Jane always credited her parents — businessman Mortimer Herbert and novelist Margaret Joseph — for their support. When other children teased her unusual dream, her mother reassured her: true dreams demand tireless work, seizing opportunity, and never giving in to doubt.(生于伦敦的珍始终将自己的成就归功于父母 —— 商人莫蒂默・赫伯特与小说家玛格丽特・约瑟夫 —— 正是他们给予了自己莫大的支持。当其他孩子嘲笑她这份与众不同的梦想时，母亲总会宽慰她说：真正的梦想，需要付出不懈的努力、抓住机遇，且永远不向疑虑低头。)”以及母亲支持她观察母鸡的好奇心可知，简从家庭教育中获得了好奇心和坚持不懈的品质。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Her work defined her life — right up to the end. Despite her old age, Jane traveled 300 days a year, delivering talks to students, scientists, and academics. She was on a speaking tour in the U. S. when she passed away recently in her sleep at a hotel in Los Angeles.(她的工作定义了她的一生——直到生命的尽头。尽管年事已高，简每年仍旅行300天，向学生、科学家和学者们发表演讲。最近，她在美国进行巡回演讲时，在洛杉矶的一家酒店睡觉时与世长辞。)”以及第五段中的“Tributes (颂词) flooded in from far and wide. “Jane’s work on primates and the importance of conservation opened the doors for generations of women in science,” Barack Obama said. Prince William praised her “infinite curiosity, compassion, and pioneering spirit. She challenged us all to make a difference and inspired me and countless others to work to protect our planet.”(来自四面八方的颂词如潮水般涌来。巴拉克·奥巴马说：“简在灵长类动物研究和环境保护重要性方面的工作，为一代又一代的女性科学家打开了大门。”威廉王子称赞她“拥有无限的好奇心、同情心和开拓精神。她激励我们所有人做出改变，也鼓舞着我和无数人致力于保护我们的星球。”)”可知，文章详细回顾了简·古道尔毕生致力于灵长类动物研究与环保事业的事迹，以及她去世后获得的广泛赞誉，所以本文的目的是缅怀这位伟大的自然守护者。故选C项。 Passage 3 Nature was Chen Rui’s “childhood home”. The 37-year-old researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Zoology wasn’t able to talk until he was 4 years old. He didn’t have friends around his age, which led him to turn his attention to non-human things around him. He became extremely interested in the world of insects. “The happiest time of my childhood was in the farm fields. I squatted (蹲) there, observing the activities of insects, including ants building their homes and dragonflies flying low. I had so many questions about their activities and was full of curiosity about this world,” says Chen. The experiences in his childhood planted a seed deep in his heart. Decades later, he’s a scholar who has engaged in life-science investigations in nearly 100 countries and regions on five continents. He has found around 100 new species living and extinct. “I was ‘healed’ by nature,” he says. “I wanted to grow up to share the power of nature with more young people and to popularize understanding of animals. including insects. He has ever visited the Amazon rainforest several times, trying to discover new species. One insect variety he found was leaf-cutter ants, a species that shows powerful cooperation and farming abilities. He is impressed by their close cooperation. He observed that the ants are divided into different groups that are respectively responsible for cutting leaves, transporting harvested pieces, clearing obstacles out of the way, guarding the colony and taking care of the young. “Several million ants can live in one nest, but their activities are very orderly,” says Chen. Chen points out that leaf-cutter ants are not the only species to have magical abilities. “If we humans believe we are the smartest beings in the world, we may be limited to this preconception (成见). If we are instead humble and regard all other beings as our teachers, we can gain endless wisdom,” he says. 1．Why did Chen Rui focus his attention on insects in his childhood? A．He loved playing in the farm fields every day. B．He wanted to become a researcher in the future. C．He couldn’t talk and had no friends his own age. D．His parents asked him to observe insect activities. 2．What aspect of leaf-cutter ants’ behavior impress Chen most? A．Their skill in building large underground nests. B．Their strong and powerful defense against enemies. C．Their ability to communicate through sound signals. D．Their highly organized division of labor among groups. 3．What does Chen Rui expect people to do? A．Take inspiration from other species. B．Protect nonhuman things around us. C．Explore the world of science. D．Apply theories to our lives. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Leaf-cutter Ants: An Amazing Species B．Chen Rui’s Adventures in the Amazon C．Chen Rui: A Person Cured by Nature D．The Joys of Childhood in the Fields 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了中国科学院动物研究所研究员陈瑞的成长经历、科研成就以及他对自然和人类关系的深刻见解。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The 37-year-old researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Zoology wasn’t able to talk until he was 4 years old. He didn’t have friends around his age, which led him to turn his attention to non-human things around him. He became extremely interested in the world of insects.(这位37岁的中国科学院动物研究所研究员直到4岁才会说话。他身边没有同龄的朋友，这让他把注意力转向了身边的非人类事物。他对昆虫世界产生了极大的兴趣)”可知，陈瑞在童年时期因为不会说话且没有同龄朋友，所以将注意力转向了昆虫。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“One insect variety he found was leaf-cutter ants, a species that shows powerful cooperation and farming abilities. He is impressed by their close cooperation. He observed that the ants are divided into different groups that are respectively responsible for cutting leaves, transporting harvested pieces, clearing obstacles out of the way, guarding the colony and taking care of the young.(他发现的一种昆虫是切叶蚁，这种昆虫具有强大的合作和耕作能力。他们的紧密合作给他留下了深刻的印象。他观察到，蚂蚁被分成不同的小组，分别负责切割叶子、运输收获的碎片、清除障碍物、保卫蚁群和照顾幼蚁)”可知，切叶蚁的群体间高度有序的分工合作给陈瑞留下了深刻印象。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If we are instead humble and regard all other beings as our teachers, we can gain endless wisdom.(相反，如果我们谦逊并把所有其他生物视为我们的老师，我们就能获得无尽的智慧)”可知，陈瑞期望人们能从其他物种中汲取灵感，谦逊地向它们学习。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Nature was Chen Rui’s “childhood home”.(大自然是陈瑞的“童年家园”)”讲述陈睿如何因童年经历与自然结缘、第二段中“I was ‘healed’ by nature.(我被大自然‘治愈’了)”讲述如何被自然“治愈”并投身科学研究和最后一段中“If we are instead humble and regard all other beings as our teachers, we can gain endless wisdom.(相反，如果我们谦逊并把所有其他生物视为我们的老师，我们就能获得无尽的智慧)”讲述他通过研究发现(如切叶蚁)并倡导人类应向自然学习的故事可知，全文围绕陈睿与自然的关系及其理念展开，故C选项“Chen Rui: A Person Cured by Nature (陈睿：一位被大自然治愈的人)”最能概括文章的核心内容和主旨，最适合作文章标题。故选C项。 Passage 4 Jane Goodall’s research on chimpanzees (黑猩猩) redefined what it meant to be human. She offers a perfect example of how to change the world for the better without becoming negative, or narrow-minded. Her life journey is truly inspiring. As a little girl in the 1930s England, she was amazed at the animals in her backyard. Later, her pioneering research on chimpanzees in Tanzania challenged the way people defined (下定义) what it meant to be human. Goodall’s observations in the forests of Gombe, Tanzania, showed that the most successful chimp leaders were gentle and caring. She also made a pioneering discovery: chimpanzees use tools. Until then, scientists believed only humans could use tools. This discovery caused anthropologist (人类学家) Louis Leakey to declare, “Now we must redefine tool, redefine Man, or accept chimpanzees as human.” Goodall wasn’t formally trained in science when she began her work, but Leakey chose her for that very reason. He believed an open mind was extremely important and necessary for breakthrough discoveries and held the view that the formal training sometimes limited creativity. He also thought women might be more patient and observant than men — a belief Goodall proved right. She treated animals as individuals with emotions, gave them names rather than numbers, and described their communities as being almost tribal (部落). Goodall was also a storyteller. She believed in the power of stories to help people understand animals and nature. Through the Jane Goodall Institute, she started Roots & Shoots, which teaches children how to help animals and the environment. One of her most powerful lessons is this: “The greatest danger to our future is our apathy. That’s to say, each one of us must take responsibility for our own lives, and above all, show respect and love for living things around us, especially each other.” Goodall’s warmth, and love for animals always made her a role model for the world. 1．What challenged people’s understanding of human? A．Goodall’s story. B．Chimps’ using tools. C．Chimps’ leading ability. D．Goodall’s observations. 2．What mainly caused Leakey to choose Goodall? A．Her open mind. B．Her high degree. C．Her good patience. D．Her rich training. 3．What does the underlined word “apathy” probably mean in paragraph 4? A．A strong desire. B．An absence of concern. C．A failure to make decisions. D．A feeling of self-confidence. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Proof of Redefining Human B．A Storyteller of Animal Protection C．A Pioneer in Chimpanzee Research D．A Project for Chimpanzee Research 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍珍·古道尔在黑猩猩研究方面的开创性贡献、研究特点，以及她为动物保护和环境所做的努力，展现其榜样力量。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She also made a pioneering discovery: chimpanzees use tools. Until then, scientists believed only humans could use tools. This discovery caused anthropologist Louis Leakey to declare, “Now we must redefine tool, redefine Man, or accept chimpanzees as human.” (她还做出了一项开创性的发现：黑猩猩会使用工具。在此之前，科学家们认为只有人类会使用工具。这一发现让人类学家路易斯·利基宣称：“现在我们必须重新定义工具，重新定义人类，或者接受黑猩猩也是人类。”)”可知，黑猩猩会使用工具这一发现，挑战了人们对人类的理解。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Goodall wasn’t formally trained in science when she began her work, but Leakey chose her for that very reason. He believed an open mind was extremely important and necessary for breakthrough discoveries and held the view that the formal training sometimes limited creativity. (古道尔开始工作时并没有接受过正规的科学训练，但利基正是因为这个原因选择了她。他认为，开放的心态对于突破性发现至关重要且必不可少，并认为正规训练有时会限制创造力。)”可知，利基选择古道尔的主要原因是她拥有开放的心态。故选A项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“That’s to say, each one of us must take responsibility for our own lives, and above all, show respect and love for living things around us, especially each other. (也就是说，我们每个人都必须对自己的生活负责，最重要的是，要尊重和热爱我们周围的生物，尤其是彼此。)”可知，古道尔认为我们需要有责任感、懂得尊重和热爱，由此可推断，前文提到的“对未来最大的危险”应是与“负责、关爱”相反的态度，即“冷漠、不关心”。因此猜测apathy意为“冷漠、缺乏关心”。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第二段中的“She also made a pioneering discovery: chimpanzees use tools. Until then, scientists believed only humans could use tools. This discovery caused anthropologist Louis Leakey to declare, “Now we must redefine tool, redefine Man, or accept chimpanzees as human.” (她还做出了一项开创性的发现：黑猩猩会使用工具。在此之前，科学家们认为只有人类会使用工具。这一发现让人类学家路易斯·利基宣称：“现在我们必须重新定义工具，重新定义人类，或者接受黑猩猩也是人类。”)”可知，文章主要围绕珍·古道尔展开，重点介绍了她在坦桑尼亚贡贝森林对黑猩猩进行的开创性研究——发现黑猩猩会使用工具、研究黑猩猩的领导特质，以及她未接受正规训练却凭借开放心态取得突破性成果，展现了她在黑猩猩研究领域的先驱地位。因此C项“大猩猩研究领域的先驱”可作为本文的最佳标题。故选C项。 Passage 5 Jane Goodall, a worldwide name, passed away in 2025 at the age of 91. Her life’s work changed how humans see themselves in connection with the animal world. In 1960, at 26 and without a university degree, Jane arrived at Gombe National Park in Tanzania. Her task was to study wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩). With great patience and strong will, she won their trust and made discoveries that shocked the scientific world. She found that chimpanzees not only used tools but also made them — a behavior once thought only to be for humans. She also noticed that each chimp had a special personality. She gave them names like David Greybeard and Flo, treating them as independent ones. Her findings published in magazines and her bestselling book In the Shadow of Man made her famous. They showed the line between humans and animals is much thinner than once believed. Later she earned a Ph.D．from Cambridge University. However, Jane’s journey didn’t end in the forest. In 1986, after learning about the dangers facing chimpanzees, she changed from a scientist into a global activist (全球活动家). She traveled endlessly, giving speeches to inspire people to protect nature. She started the Jane Goodall Institute and a young people’s program called Roots & Shoots, delivering a message of hope and action. She faced challenges bravely. A story from a workmate describes a difficult hike (远足) through a forest that left her feet badly hurt. The next morning, she learned a simple trick to protect her feet. By the following day, she was doing it herself, showing her practical and independent spirit. Jane Goodall’s true contribution is valued not in prizes, but in the millions she inspired — especially young women — and in the greater understanding and care for chimpanzees and our shared planet. She showed the world that hope is a powerful force for change through her actions. 1．What can we learn about Jane Goodall’s early research? A．It made her lose a degree. B．It was supported by experts. C．It was done in the laboratory. D．It required good qualities. 2．Why did Goodall become a global activist in 1986? A．She wanted to make herself famous. B．She felt she must deal with risks. C．She lost interest in doing research. D．She was inspired by a program. 3．What is Goodall’s opinion on hope and change? A．Speeches spread hope. B．Hope drives change. C．Teenagers bring hope. D．Science needs change. 4．Which of the following best describes Goodall? A．Open-minded. B．Self-centered. C．Warm-hearted. D．Strong-minded. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章简述了珍妮·古道尔博士的一生，她从在野外研究黑猩猩并取得突破性发现的科学家，转变为投身全球环保宣传与教育的活动家，用自身行动表明希望是促成改变的强大力量。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“With great patience and strong will, she won their trust and made discoveries that shocked the scientific world. (凭借着极大的耐心和坚定的意志，她赢得了他们的信任，并取得了令科学界震惊的发现。)”可知，珍妮·古道尔的早期研究需要良好的品质：耐心和意志力。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In 1986, after learning about the dangers facing chimpanzees, she changed from a scientist into a global activist (全球活动家). She traveled endlessly, giving speeches to inspire people to protect nature. (1986年，在了解到黑猩猩所面临的危险之后，她从一名科学家转变为了一名全球性的活动家。她四处奔走，发表演讲以激励人们保护自然环境。)”可知，古道尔成为全球活动家，是因为她觉得自己必须去应对黑猩猩面临的风险。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“She showed the world that hope is a powerful force for change through her actions. (她通过自己的行动向世人证明，希望是一种推动改变的强大力量。)”可知，古道尔认为希望是推动改变的强大力量。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“With great patience and strong will, she won their trust and made discoveries that shocked the scientific world. (凭借着极大的耐心和坚定的意志，她赢得了他们的信任，并取得了令科学界震惊的发现。)”和第五段“She faced challenges bravely. A story from a workmate describes a difficult hike (远足) through a forest that left her feet badly hurt. The next morning, she learned a simple trick to protect her feet. By the following day, she was doing it herself, showing her practical and independent spirit. (她勇敢地面对挑战。一位同事讲述的一个故事是这样的：她曾经历了一次艰难的森林徒步之旅，结果双脚严重受伤。第二天早上，她找到了保护双脚的简单方法。到了第二天，她就自己动手了，表现出了务实和独立的精神。)”可知，古道尔依靠极大的耐心和坚强的意志才得以完成早期研究，面对身体挑战时她展现出独立与适应能力，这些都是“意志坚强”的表现。故选D项。 Passage 6 Albert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people. This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics. After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900. After two years of looking for work as a teacher, Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office. While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. That same year, which was later recorded as a miracle year in science, he published four extraordinary physics papers. Following this, he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. After four years, he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. As a consequence he had to flee Germany. After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA．Following that, he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics. 1．Which of the following has the similar meaning to the underlined word “numerous” in paragraph 1? A．Very large B．Rather great C．Amounts of D．Splendid 2．Which of the following about Einstein is TRUE according to the passage? A．Once the gentle genius was not so good at studying. B．He managed to enter university in Switzerland at 16. C．He was born in Germany on 14 March 1897. D．He didn’t obtain exceptional scores in maths and physics. 3．Why was Einstein awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize? A．He was recorded to be a miracle then. B．He had four physics paper published. C．He became just as famous as Newton. D．He explained the photoelectric effect. 4．Why did Einstein have to flee Germany? A．He wanted to go to the USA． B．Hitler came to power. C．He took up a job in Princeton. D．He wanted to make achievements in physics. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章简要介绍了爱因斯坦的生平、求学、工作经历以及重大成就。   1．词句猜测题。根据第1段中“He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc². (他为世界做出了……贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和著名公式E=mc²。)”可知，“numerous”修饰“contributions (贡献)”，根据后文的“the most well-known”可推知其表示“大量的、众多的”。故选C。   2．细节理解题。根据第2段中“When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics. (16岁时，他试图进入瑞士的大学，但由于入学考试通识部分分数较低而失败，尽管他在数学和物理方面取得了优异成绩。)”可知，爱因斯坦在16岁时因部分科目成绩不佳未能直接上大学，这说明他并非在所有学习领域都擅长，故A选项“Once the gentle genius was not so good at studying (曾经，这位温和的天才不太擅长学习)”正确。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第3段中“In 193, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.(193年，他因对光电效应的解释而被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。)”可知，爱因斯坦获得1921年诺贝尔奖的原因是他对光电效应的解释。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据第4段中“Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. As a consequence he had to flee Germany. (1933年情况发生了变化，希特勒在德国上台执政。身为犹太人的爱因斯坦发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。因此，他不得不逃离德国。)”可知，爱因斯坦逃离德国的直接原因是希特勒上台执政，导致他受到歧视，无法继续学术研究。故选B。 Passage 7 In the northwest corner of Tsinghua’s campus stands the Science Building, the location of the Institute for Advanced Study. Tsinghua University established this institute in 1997, with Yang Chen-Ning as its honorary director. In 2002, Yang made the decision to return to the University — “Tsinghua Garden”, where he used to study. After returning to Tsinghua, Yang immediately threw himself into a very compressed work schedule, keeping his active attitude towards scientific research and teaching. In the fall term of 2004, the 82-year-old Yang still lectured in General Physics to four freshman classes. He had two classes and one office hour per week, prepared exam questions for the mid-term and final exams, and was present in the examination room. He set a good example for the students. One of Yang’s main concerns was to communicate with the next generation of scientists, hoping to inspire more young people with an interest in the field to contribute to the development of scientific fields in China. At the International Science Master Forum, when a senior high school student asked about “how to develop and keep creative spirit and curiosity”, Yang answered that research on the frontiers (前沿) of science generally goes through both painful times and happy times. “I think there are two very important mindsets that you must keep at the same time: First, never give up no matter what happens. Second, if you really feel that you can’t go on any more, you need to find yourself a new direction,” he said. “Being down-to-earth and simple” is both Yang Chen-Ning’s expectation for Chinese science and his personal life belief. It is a belief that this influential physicist of our time has practiced for his whole life. 1．What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Heavy. B．Open. C．Light. D．Suitable. 2．What did Yang do as a teacher at Tsinghua in 2004? A．He designed a new curriculum for freshmen. B．He gave lessons weekly and prepared test papers. C．He wrote textbooks for General Physics. D．He started the International Science Master Forum. 3．According to Yang, what is important for scientific research? A．Avoiding challenges that seem too difficult. B．Keeping trying and knowing when to change. C．Working fast instead of being perfect. D．Practising personal life belief. 4．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A brochure. B．A fashion magazine. C．A newspaper. D．A research paper. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了杨振宁回到曾就读的清华园后，身兼要职且工作繁重，仍坚持授课监考，还寄语青年科研者保持坚持与变通的心态，一生践行务实质朴的信念。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“In the fall term of 2004, the 82-year-old Yang still lectured in General Physics to four freshman classes. He had two classes and one office hour per week, prepared exam questions for the mid-term and final exams, and was present in the examination room.(2004年秋季学期，82岁的杨老师仍为四个新生班级讲授普通物理学课程。他每周有两节课和一次办公室辅导时间，还会准备期中和期末考试的题目，并亲自在考场监督考试)”可知，82岁的杨振宁仍为四个新生班讲授普通物理，每周有两节课、一次答疑时间，还会出期中/期末考题、到考场监考，可见他的工作安排十分“繁重的”，故划线词意思是“繁重的”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“He had two classes and one office hour per week, prepared exam questions for the mid-term and final exams, and was present in the examination room. He set a good example for the students.(他每周有两节课和一次办公室辅导时间，还要准备期中和期末考试的试题，并且会在考场中监督考试。他为学生们树立了一个很好的榜样)”可知，2004年，杨在清华大学担任教师时每周授课，并准备考试试卷。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“I think there are two very important mindsets that you must keep at the same time: First, never give up no matter what happens. Second, if you really feel that you can’t go on any more, you need to find yourself a new direction(我认为你必须同时保持两种非常重要的心态：第一，无论发生什么情况都不要放弃。第二，如果你真的觉得再也无法继续下去了，那你就需要找到一个新的方向)”可知，据杨所说，对于科学研究而言，重要的是坚持不懈地努力，并且知道何时该做出改变。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“In the northwest corner of Tsinghua’s campus stands the Science Building, the location of the Institute for Advanced Study. Tsinghua University established this institute in 1997, with Yang Chen-Ning as its honorary director. In 2002, Yang made the decision to return to the University — “Tsinghua Garden”, where he used to study.(在清华大学校园的西北角矗立着科学楼，这里是高等研究院的所在地。清华大学于1997年设立了这个研究院，杨振宁担任其名誉院长。2002年，杨决定回到这所大学——“清华园”，那是他曾经求学的地方)”结合文章主要说明了杨振宁回到曾就读的清华园后，身兼要职且工作繁重，仍坚持授课监考，还寄语青年科研者保持坚持与变通的心态，一生践行务实质朴的信念。可知，文章选自报纸的人物版块。故选C。 Passage 8 Jane Goodall, who died on October 1, 2025 at 91, devoted her life to the study of animal behavior and kept a charm, open-mindedness, optimism and wide-eyed wonder that are more typical of children. In her pioneering studies in the big rainforest of Tanzania’s Gombe Stream Game Reserve, now a national park, Goodall famously recorded chimps (黑猩猩) taking long pieces of grass and inserting them into termite (白蚁) nests to “fish” for the insects to eat, something no one else had previously observed. It was the first time an animal had been seen using a tool, a discovery that changed how scientists differentiated between humanity and the rest of the animal kingdom. Without formal training, she turned up in the famous anthropologist (人类学家) Louis Leakey’s office in Tanzania in 1957 as his secretary, but she soon was encouraged to study chimpanzees for her potential as a female. She has a completely open mind and deep insight into humans’ closest living relatives, something most scientists lost during their formal training. Later, when Goodall wrote up her observations of chimps using tools, Leakey wrote, “Now we must redefine (重新定义) tool, redefine Man, or accept chimpanzees as human.” Goodall spoke of animals as having emotions and cultures, and in the case of chimps, communities that were almost tribal. She also named the chimps she observed, an unheard-of practice at the time, receiving laughing from scientists who had traditionally numbered their research subjects. Goodall inspired and advised world leaders, celebrities, scientists and conservationists, also touching the lives of millions of children. Through the Jane Goodall Institute, which works to engage people around the world in conservation, she set up Roots Shoots, a global youth program that operates in more than 60 countries. The program teaches children about connections between people, animals and the environment, and ways to engage locally to help all three. 1．Why was Goodall’s discovery about chimps so important? A．It found termites were chimps’ main food. B．It changed how we define humans and animals. C．It proved chimps could make tools like humans. D．It first showed chimps eating termites with tools. 2．What helped Goodall succeed without formal training? A．Her secretarial work for Dr. Leakey. B．Living very close to the chimps in forests. C．Her open mind and deep insight into animals. D．Leakey’s belief that women researchers were better. 3．How was Goodall’s research method unusual? A．She followed tradition by numbering chimps. B．She filmed chimp behavior instead of writing. C．She named chimps and saw them as emotional. D．She studied individual chimps rather than groups. 4．Which words best describe Jane Goodall? A．Creative and inspiring. B．Outgoing and influential. C．Responsible and graceful. D．Determined and emotional. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了简·古道尔的一生主要。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段内容“Goodall famously recorded chimps (黑猩猩) taking long pieces of grass and inserting them into termite (白蚁) nests to “fish” for the insects to eat, something no one else had previously observed. It was the first time an animal had been seen using a tool, a discovery that changed how scientists differentiated between humanity and the rest of the animal kingdom. (古道尔著名的研究记录显示，黑猩猩会拿起长草，将其插入白蚁巢穴中“钓”白蚁吃，这是此前从未有人观察到的现象。这是人类首次观察到动物使用工具，这一发现改变了科学家区分人类与其他动物王国的方式。)”可知，古道尔关于黑猩猩的发现之所以重要，是因为它改变了我们对人类和动物的定义方式。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Without formal training, she turned up in the famous anthropologist (人类学家) Louis Leakey’s office in Tanzania in 1957 as his secretary, but she soon was encouraged to study chimpanzees for her potential as a female. She has a completely open mind and deep insight into humans’ closest living relatives, something most scientists lost during their formal training. (1957年，没有接受过正规训练的她，以秘书的身份出现在坦桑尼亚著名人类学家路易斯·利基的办公室，但很快，由于她作为女性的潜力，利基鼓励她研究黑猩猩。她有着完全开放的心态，以及对人类现存最近亲（黑猩猩）的深刻洞察力，这是大多数科学家在正规训练中会失去的东西。)”可知，尽管没有正规训练，但开放的心态和对动物的深刻洞察力，帮助古道尔取得了成功。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段内容“Goodall spoke of animals as having emotions and cultures, and in the case of chimps, communities that were almost tribal. She also named the chimps she observed, an unheard-of practice at the time, receiving laughing from scientists who had traditionally numbered their research subjects. (古道尔认为动物也有情感和文化，就黑猩猩而言，它们的群体几乎像部落一样。她还为自己观察的黑猩猩命名，这在当时是前所未有的做法，遭到了那些传统上给研究对象编号的科学家的嘲笑。)”可知，古道尔的研究方法不同寻常之处在于，她认为动物有情感，并且会给黑猩猩命名。故选C。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，古道尔突破传统，首次观察到黑猩猩使用工具，还创新地为黑猩猩命名、提出“动物有情感和文化”的观点，体现了她的“有创造力”；此外，根据第五段内容“Goodall inspired and advised world leaders, celebrities, scientists and conservationists, also touching the lives of millions of children. (古道尔激励并为世界领导人、名人、科学家和环保主义者提供建议，也触动了数百万儿童的生活。)”可知，她还具有“鼓舞人心的”特质。故选A。 重难语篇练习 Passage 1 Recently, the list for the 2026 Sloan Research Fellowships was announced in the United States. Chinese young scientist Cao Yuan has been awarded this well-known honor. Cao Yuan, born in 1996 in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, graduated from University of Science and Technology of China in 2014. In 2018, Cao, 22, was named as the most influential scientist of the year by Nature magazine, for a major discovery of graphene superconductivity angle (石墨烯超导角度). Nature on March 5 published two major papers by Cao. It was the first time that Nature released two continuous articles with the same first author. Cao became the youngest Chinese who published an article in Nature. The discovery was a breakthrough in the area of condensed matter physics and received worldwide attention. Every year, Nature releases an issue highlighting the “ten people who mattered.” The cover is always a large number ten. Its design and pattern depend on the major scientific advances of the year. The year of 2018, the cover referred to Cao’s contributions. Cao’s passion for science emerged early: as a child, he loved buying electronic components to study circuits. His talent and diligence impressed his mentors, including Professor Zeng Changgan, who recalled that as an undergraduate Cao wrote a PRB theory article. He thought Cao was awesome and active. Beyond brilliance, Cao exemplifies perseverance. According to Nature, “despite a disappointing PhD start that made six months’ work fruitless due to experimental accidents, he simply rolled up his sleeves and continued working.” Humble about his achievements, Cao once said, “I just skipped some boring stuff in middle school.” He advises, “Those who walk every step conscientiously will have a bright future.” This mixture of modesty and perseverance defines his inspiring journey. 1．What honor did Cao Yuan receive in 2018? A．The most influential author. B．The Sloan Research Fellowship. C．The title of the youngest professor. D．One of Nature’s 10 people who mattered. 2．What can be inferred about Nature magazine? A．It only publishes work by young scientists. B．Its cover signals the year’s key scientific advances. C．It awards prizes to the most influential researchers. D．It focuses mainly on Chinese scientific achievements. 3．Which of the following best describes Cao Yuan? A．Diligent and persevering. B．Cautious and moody. C．Indifferent and impatient. D．Humble and dependent. 4．What message do Cao Yuan’s words in the last paragraph convey? A．Youth is wasted on the young. B．Luck is when preparation meets opportunity. C．The road to success is paved with steady small steps. D．Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍中国青年科学家曹原获2026斯隆奖，他年少成名，在石墨烯领域取得重大突破，勤奋坚韧且谦逊，告诫人们脚踏实地方能走向成功。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In 2018, Cao, 22, was named as the most influential scientist of the year by Nature magazine, for a major discovery of graphene superconductivity angle (石墨烯超导角度).( 2018年，22岁的曹因在石墨烯超导角度方面的一项重大发现而被《自然》杂志评为当年最具影响力的科学家)”可知，曹原在2018年被列为“《自然》杂志评出的十大人物”之一。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“The cover is always a large number ten. Its design and pattern depend on the major scientific advances of the year.(封面总是印着一个巨大的数字“10”。其设计和图案则取决于当年的重大科学进展)”可知，该杂志的封面会展示当年最重要的科学成果。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Cao’s passion for science emerged early: as a child, he loved buying electronic components to study circuits. His talent and diligence impressed his mentors, including Professor Zeng Changgan, who recalled that as an undergraduate Cao wrote a PRB theory article. He thought Cao was awesome and active. Beyond brilliance, Cao exemplifies perseverance. According to Nature, “despite a disappointing PhD start that made six months’ work fruitless due to experimental accidents, he simply rolled up his sleeves and continued working.”(曹原对科学的热爱很早就显现出来：小时候，他就喜欢买电子元件研究电路。他的天赋与勤奋令导师们印象深刻，其中曾长淦教授回忆道，曹原在本科期间就撰写了一篇 PRB 理论论文。他认为曹原非常优秀、积极主动。除了才华出众，曹原还极具毅力。《自然》杂志评价道：“尽管博士初期遭遇挫折，因实验事故导致六个月的努力付诸东流，但他只是挽起袖子，继续埋头钻研。”)”可知，曹原勤奋且坚韧不拔。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Those who walk every step conscientiously will have a bright future.(那些每一步都认真走的人来说，未来一定会很美好)”可知，他的话表明成功之路是由一系列稳健的小步骤铺就的。故选C。 Passage 2 As a child, Brian Fisher dreamed of becoming a botanist. While on botany journeys, Fisher began to ask questions about the ants that he discovered on the plants he was researching Since the other botanists were unable to identify those ants, Fisher reached out to an ant scientist to gain further knowledge. Then he became an entomologist, or a scientist who studies insects. Soon, Fisher set himself the goal of identifying every species of ant in the world, and he aims to construct a tree of ant species. Fisher, along with his team, has already succeeded in identifying a complete subfamily of ants. It was his ant species tree that led Fisher to Madagascar, an island off the coast of Africa. During his research in Madagascar’s six-month rainy season — which is ideal for observing ants — he endured severe illnesses, and he and his team faced frequent rainstorms, broken bridges, rough roads, and such challenges as pushing cars free of mud. Yet his work in that region has extended far beyond the study of ants. “You cannot preserve a forest when the people living nearby are hungry,” he states, so he sought out methods to assist those individuals. He developed a new method for farming eatable insects, which he then taught to the people of Madagascar. Fisher understands what is required to build a career in the field of science. “To survive as a scientist,” he explains, “you must be motivated, driven, and fully focused.” He also emphasizes that being a good writer is essential, as it allows you to “share your story in an engaging way that will make people want to read your work.” Once Fisher’s species tree is fully completed, it may unlock an entirely new world of ant research. However, two major challenges stand in the way: climate change and human intervention. How can we study ants if their natural habitats are disappearing? Fisher hopes he can interest people in the significance of Earth’s biodiversity. 1．What initially contributed to Fisher’s changing his career? A．His childhood dream of saving ants. B．The aim of creating an ant species tree. C．His experience of studying plants. D．The ant scientist’s encouragement. 2．Which word best describes Fisher’s journey in Madagascar? A．Eventful. B．Debatable. C．Unsuccessful. D．Costly. 3．What does Fisher infer to do? A．Focus on scientific writing. B．Protect the natural ecology. C．Improve farming techniques. D．Learn about ant species’ habitats. 4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A．To promote Fisher’s ant species tree. B．To explain Fisher’s research methods. C．To introduce Fisher’s career philosophy. D．To outline Fisher’s ant research and contributions. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了昆虫学家费舍尔的蚂蚁研究经历、贡献以及面临的挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“While on botany journeys, Fisher began to ask questions about the ants that he discovered on the plants he was researching Since the other botanists were unable to identify those ants, Fisher reached out to an ant scientist to gain further knowledge. Then he became an entomologist, or a scientist who studies insects. (在植物学之旅中，费舍尔开始询问他在研究的植物上发现的蚂蚁的问题。由于其他植物学家无法识别这些蚂蚁，费舍尔联系了一位蚂蚁科学家以获取更多知识。然后他成为了一名昆虫学家，或者是一名研究昆虫的科学家。)”可知，费希尔在植物学研究过程中对蚂蚁产生疑问并寻求专业知识，进而改变职业成为昆虫学家，因此研究植物的经历是他职业转变的最初诱因。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“During his research in Madagascar’s six-month rainy season — which is ideal for observing ants — he endured severe illnesses, and he and his team faced frequent rainstorms, broken bridges, rough roads, and such challenges as pushing cars free of mud. (在马达加斯加为期六个月的雨季进行研究期间——这是观察蚂蚁的理想时期——他忍受了严重的疾病，他和他的团队面临着频繁的暴雨、断桥、崎岖的道路以及将汽车从泥泞中推出等挑战。)”可知，费舍尔在马达加斯加的研究之旅充满了事件和挑战，可以用“多事的”来形容。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, two major challenges stand in the way: climate change and human intervention. How can we study ants if their natural habitats are disappearing? Fisher hopes he can interest people in the significance of Earth’s biodiversity. (然而，有两个主要挑战：气候变化和人类干预。如果蚂蚁的自然栖息地正在消失，我们如何研究它们？费舍尔希望他能激发人们对地球生物多样性重要性的兴趣。)”可知，费舍尔暗示要保护自然生态，因为蚂蚁的自然栖息地正在消失，这对研究蚂蚁构成了挑战。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段和最后一段，文章主要介绍了费舍尔的蚂蚁研究经历、贡献以及面临的挑战。文章详细描述了费舍尔如何从植物学家转变为昆虫学家，他在马达加斯加的研究之旅，以及他如何通过教授当地人养殖可食用昆虫来帮助他们。最后，文章还提到了费舍尔对未来蚂蚁研究的期望和面临的挑战。因此，作者的主要目的是概述费舍尔的蚂蚁研究和贡献。故选D项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $