Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 完形填空（单元话题：科学与科学家）-2025-2026学年高一英语译林版必修第三册

Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 完形填空 内容导航 单元话题 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 单元话题聚焦 科学与科学家 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 Passage 1 Michael Faraday was born in the country village of Newington. As a son of a poor and very religious family, he had a childhood full of 1 and received little 2 education. Faraday later recalled being given one loaf of bread that had to 3 him for a week. At an early age he began helping out his family financially by 4 newspapers for a book dealer and bookbinder (装订工人). He took the chance to read some books brought in for rebinding. The article on electricity particularly 5 him and opened a window to 6 for him. Later he educated himself and even did simple experiments with old bottles and other 7 . The turning point came when Faraday was offered a ticket to attend chemical lectures by Sir Humphry Davy. Faraday went, sat 8 in it all, recorded the lectures in his notes, and returned to bookbinding with the seemingly 9 hope of entering the temple of science. He sent a copy of his notes to Davy along with a letter asking for 10 , but there was no opening. However, it remained in Davy’s memory. When one of his laboratory assistants was 11 for mistakes, he welcomed Faraday to fill the 12 . Then Faraday began to learn chemistry at the 13 of one of the greatest scientists of the day, 14 through the door to science ever after. On August 29, 1831, Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction (电磁感应). Honestly it has been said, with some truth, that he was Davy’s greatest 15 . 1．A．adventures B．sufferings C．dissatisfaction D．distrust 2．A．formal B．positive C．passive D．major 3．A．raise B．hunt C．last D．recover 4．A．drawing on B．giving out C．pulling together D．bringing out 5．A．maintained B．stretched C．twisted D．attracted 6．A．books B．binding C．science D．experiments 7．A．stuff B．aid C．source D．tissue 8．A．comfortable B．anxious C．skilled D．lost 9．A．previous B．shallow C．eventual D．unrealizable 10．A．survival B．employment C．promotion D．existence 11．A．fired B．forgiven C．scolded D．approached 12．A．company B．fortune C．gap D．duty 13．A．feet B．face C．control D．entrance 14．A．looking B．stepping C．putting D．laying 15．A．invention B．assistant C．engine D．discovery Passage 2 Born in 1934, in London, Jane Goodall dreamed of studying wildlife in Africa from an early age. Her 1 came in 1957 when she was invited to visit a friend’s family farm in Kenya. There, she 2 Dr. Louis Leakey, a scientist studying human development in Africa. 3 by her interest, Leakey asked Goodall to study chimpanzees (黑猩猩) at the Gombe Stream Game Reserve in Tanzania. She readily 4 . In 1960, at age 26, Goodall set up a camp at Gombe, where she spent the next 60 years, 5 one of the longest continuous wildlife studies in history. Her 6 work showed surprising facts about chimpanzees’ behavior. She saw them using tools to fish for ants. This 7 that humans are not the only toolmakers. Her research also found that chimpanzees 8 social lives. They cared for each other and made friends. These discoveries 9 how people saw the animals forever. Goodall’s findings made her 10 around the world. In 1965, the University of Cambridge gave her a PhD．Her gift goes far beyond her 11 . The Jane Goodall Institute, started in 1977, helps 12 the homes of chimpanzees and supports sustainable (持续的) development. Her Roots & Shoots program, started in 1991, now 13 young people in nearly 100 countries. It 14 them to take action to help the environment, animals, and their communities. Through these 15 , Goodall’s work continues to make a difference around the world. 1．A．plan B．chance C．turn D．reason 2．A．came across B．passed by C．got through D．ran over 3．A．Challenged B．Shocked C．Puzzled D．Struck 4．A．returned B．discovered C．agreed D．explained 5．A．finding out B．carrying out C．pointing out D．calling out 6．A．pioneering B．disturbing C．demanding D．exciting 7．A．realized B．happened C．doubted D．proved 8．A．served B．wanted C．led D．followed 9．A．described B．changed C．improved D．designed 10．A．famous B．rich C．particular D．ordinary 11．A．articles B．descriptions C．instructions D．discoveries 12．A．prevent B．examine C．protect D．consider 13．A．matches B．reaches C．introduces D．reminds 14．A．advises B．requires C．forces D．encourages 15．A．efforts B．goals C．words D．methods Passage 3 The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible, 1 people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields. Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 2 of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a 3 explosive. After years of 4 in 1867, at the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin. During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He 5 his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important. When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 6 published Alfred’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was 7 to find out his public image. The newspaper strongly 8 Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 9 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) 10 . He spent his lifetime alone 11 things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will, so as to 12 his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last 13 saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great 14 to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel 15 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes. 1．A．remembering B．funding C．crediting D．honouring 2．A．pattern B．conduct C．nature D．affair 3．A．deadly B．usable C．massive D．disastrous 4．A．reference B．hesitation C．efforts D．wisdom 5．A．built up B．put up C．broke up D．brought up 6．A．purposefully B．mistakenly C．unintentionally D．instantly 7．A．scared B．relieved C．impressed D．disappointed 8．A．blamed B．praised C．appreciated D．favoured 9．A．commercial B．profitable C．sufficient D．rich 10．A．error B．threat C．warning D．consequence 11．A．inventing B．destroying C．combining D．revealing 12．A．establish B．improve C．impact D．confirm 13．A．request B．illustration C．application D．will 14．A．contributions B．trial C．comments D．damage 15．A．called for B．gave away C．took off D．cut back Passage 4 No two snowflakes are alike?Wilson A．Bentley, a farmer and amateur meteorologist, sought to answer that question, dedicating himself to 1 flakes of snow for 50 years. Bentley was born in 1865 and 2 on a farm.On his 15th birthday,Bentley’s mother gave him an old 3 .It was snowing that day, and the boy 4 getting a glimpse of a six-sided snowflake with the 5 . When he was 17, Bentley asked his parents to buy him a new, better microscope and a camera.His father argued that it was a waste of time. Finally, his father gave in. Bentley built a wooden frame to 6 the new equipment and then spent 2 years figuring out how to take a picture of a snowflake 7 a microscope. On January 15,1885,he did it,creating the world’s first photo of snowflake. Every winter for the rest of his life, Bentley studied snowflakes in a(n) 8 room in the back of the house. The process was difficult and cold. (Outdoors, he collected snowflakes on a wooden tray that was painted 9 to observe it. Whenever it snowed, Bentley caught and captured flakes, sometimes working all night. He found that most snowflakes had six sides, 10 others looked like triangles, or columns—no two were alike. Bentley 11 his snowflakes with anyone who was interested. He wrote articles for scientists and for 12 such as National Geographic. Occasionally, he felt 13 that few people seemed to care about his work.Still,he 14 stopped.In 1920,Bentley was elected as one of the first members of the American Meteorological Society, which later 15 him its first research grant in 1924. 1．A．creating B．producing C．observing D．cleaning 2．A．worked B．raised C．ran D．helped 3．A．bag B．camera C．microscope D．tray 4．A．succeeded in B．turned in C．gave up D．gave in 5．A．time B．frame C．instruction D．instrument 6．A．hold B．fix C．adjust D．buy 7．A．without B．along C．under D．above 8．A．old B．unheated C．small D．cozy 9．A．black B．white C．new D．odd 10．A．or B．and C．so D．but 11．A．sold B．shared C．carried D．presented 12．A．magazines B．newspaper C．colleges D．companies 13．A．amazed B．excited C．discouraged D．encouraged 14．A．always B．once C．ever D．never 15．A．owed B．awarded C．praised D．considered Passage 5 A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 1 of the facts he observes. He doesn't accept ideas which are not 2 on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority (权威) as the only 3 for truth. He always 4 ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them. The rise of 5 science may perhaps be considered to date as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher (哲学家) of Oxford, who 6 between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the middle 7 to suggest that we must learn science by 8 and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself made many important discoveries. Galileo, however, who lived more than 300 years later  (1564- 1642) , was the 9 of several great men who lived in Italy, France, Germany, or England began by 10 to show how many important truths could be discovered by observation (观察) . Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more 11 towards the earth than small ones, because Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the 12 of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two unequal stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileo's 13 of going direct to nature , and proving out 14 and theories by experiment that has 15 all the discoveries of modern science. 1．A．trust B．time C．speed D．use 2．A．worked B．based C．lived D．written 3．A．reason B．cause C．advice D．result 4．A．thinks B．has C．checks D．learns 5．A．natural B．physical C．ancient D．modern 6．A．died B．won C．lived D．studied 7．A．schools B．ages C．days D．countries 8．A．finding B．inventing C．researching D．observing 9．A．newest B．cleverest C．greatest D．modest 10．A．ways B．degrees C．levels D．chance 11．A．slowly B．heavily C．lightly D．rapidly 12．A．place B．foot C．top D．beginning 13．A．spirit B．skill C．theory D．knowledge 14．A．plans B．ability C．attitude D．opinions 15．A．came to B．owed to C．led to D．desired to Passage 6 Stephen Glenn is a famous American research scientist who has made several very important medical 1 . When asked why he was able to be so much more 2 than the average person, he responded that it all came from a(n) 3 with his mother that occurred when he was a child. Stephen tried to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator but spilled(洒出) it all over the kitchen floor. Instead of 4 at him, giving him a lecture or chastising(指责) him, his mother said, “What a great and wonderful 5 you’ve made! Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes 6 we clean it up?” Indeed, he did. Then, his mother said, “Stephen, whenever you make a mess like this, 7 you have to clean it up.” And together they cleaned up the spilled milk. His mother then said, “You know, what we have here is a 8 experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let’s see if you can discover a way to carry it without 9 it.” The little boy learned if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could 10 without dropping it. What a good 11 to him! This famous scientist said it was at that moment that he knew he didn’t need to be afraid to make 12 . Instead, he learned mistakes were just 13 for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific 14 are all about. Even if the experiment doesn’t work, we usually learn something 15 from it. 1．A．impressions B．breakthroughs C．promises D．intentions 2．A．outgoing B．responsible C．warm-hearted D．creative 3．A．experience B．word C．argument D．adventure 4．A．looking B．yelling C．smiling D．glancing 5．A．discovery B．mess C．change D．joke 6．A．when B．as C．after D．before 7．A．gradually B．initially C．eventually D．constantly 8．A．successful B．failed C．completed D．useless 9．A．shaking B．dropping C．lifting D．touching 10．A．make up B．make off C．make it D．make sense 11．A．attitude B．apology C．project D．lesson 12．A．efforts B．plans C．mistakes D．decisions 13．A．requirements B．routines C．chances D．goals 14．A．achievements B．approaches C．seminars D．experiments 15．A．valuable B．ambiguous C．familiar D．abstract Passage7 Liu Yongtan was born in 1931 in Sichuan Province, China. He studied at Southwest Jiaotong University and earned his bachelor’s 1 in civil engineering in 1955. After 2 , he worked as a technician on the Chengdu-Kunming Railway, where he 3 valuable experience in railway engineering. In 1984, Liu Yongtan 4 the team working on China’s first high-speed rail 5 , the Beijing-Shanghai Railway. At the time, high-speed trains were still a 6 new concept, and many engineers believed that it was 7 to build such a railway in China. Despite these challenges, Liu Yongtan and his team 8 . They conducted extensive research on safety, stability, and speed, developing 9 technologies that helped make China’s high-speed rail system one of the most advanced in the world. One of Liu Yongtan’s most 10 contributions was the development of the “reinforced concrete continuous beam bridge” technology used in the construction of high-speed rail lines. This technology allowed for more efficient and faster construction of bridges, 11 costs and improving safety. 12 Liu Yongtan’s leadership and dedication, China’s high-speed rail network has grown 13 over the years, connecting major cities across the country and revolutionizing transportation in China. His contributions have not only 14 China but have also inspired engineers around the world to push the boundaries of what is possible in railway technology. Today, Liu Yongtan is recognized as a(n) 15 in China’s high-speed rail industry, and his legacy continues to inspire young scientists and engineers to pursue their passions and contribute to the advancement of technology in China and beyond. 1．A．title B．fame C．degree D．grade 2．A．graduation B．application C．reservation D．investigation 3．A．reflected B．gained C．observed D．performed 4．A．named B．joined C．founded D．monitored 5．A．exhibition B．subject C．industry D．project 6．A．slightly B．currently C．relatively D．merely 7．A．impossible B．available C．unbearable D．flexible 8．A．got cold feet B．bit the bullet C．spilled the beans D．beat around the bush 9．A．ordinary B．common C．limited D．novel 10．A．significant B．secure C．reliable D．economical 11．A．boosting B．doubling C．preventing D．reducing 12．A．Apart from B．Thanks to C．Accounting for D．Compared with 13．A．rapidly B．eventually C．absolutely D．gradually 14．A．convinced B．selected C．occupied D．benefited 15．A．ancestor B．director C．pioneer D．engineer 重难语篇练习 Passage 1 The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible, 1 people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields. Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 2 of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a 3 explosive. After years of 4 , in 1867, at the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin. During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He 5 his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important. When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 6 published Alfred’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was 7 to find out his public image. The newspaper strongly 8 Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 9 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday. ” To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) 10 . He spent his lifetime alone 11 things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will, so as to 12 his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last 13 , saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great 14 to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel 15 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes. 1．A．remembering B．honouring C．crediting D．preparing 2．A．nature B．conduct C．flavour D．benefit 3．A．deadly B．bitter C．usable D．mild 4．A．innovations B．efforts C．hesitation D．association 5．A．brought up B．put up C．broke up D．built up 6．A．mistakenly B．purposefully C．officially D．scientifically 7．A．happy B．confused C．amused D．disappointed 8．A．praised B．blamed C．threatened D．appreciated 9．A．greedy B．essential C．rich D．sufficient 10．A．error B．warning C．threat D．consequence 11．A．destroying B．combining C．inventing D．stimulating 12．A．improve B．establish C．illustrate D．secure 13．A．request B．illustration C．will D．fortune 14．A．choices B．decisions C．profits D．contributions 15．A．gave away B．gave back C．gave off D．gave out Passage 2 Ada Lovelace was the daughter of romantic poet Lord Byron. She earned her place in history as the first computer 1 — a full century before today’s computers 2 . And she became an idol for women in 3 today. She couldn’t have done it without British mathematician Charles Babbage. Their 4 started in the early 1830s. Babbage had drawn up plans for a detailed and 5 machine he called the Difference Engine — 6 , a giant mechanical calculator, one that was far from simple and required complex engineering to build. In the middle of his work on it, the teenage Lovelace met Babbage at a party. It was mathematical 7 at first sight. The two struck up a working relationship and eventual close friendship that would 8 until Lovelace’s death. Babbage 9 his Difference Engine to brainstorm a new Analytical Engine. Then, he showed off an incomplete prototype of his machine, but Miss Byron saw that engine’s true 10 . The Analytical Engine was more than a calculator and the fact that the user 11 its commands through a punch card meant the engine could 12 nearly any mathematical task ordered. Lovelace even wrote 13 for solving a complicated math problem. Many historians would later 14 those the first computer program, and Lovelace the first programmer. The second Tuesday in October has become Ada Lovelace Day, on which the 15 of women to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics are honored. 1．A．tutor B．programmer C．salesman D．accountant 2．A．broke down B．died out C．came out D．showed up 3．A．technology B．economy C．literature D．politics 4．A．settlement B．conflict C．argument D．cooperation 5．A．costly B．unique C．useful D．complicated 6．A．fortunately B．essentially C．eventually D．naturally 7．A．love B．activity C．problem D．addiction 8．A．form B．last C．matter D．count 9．A．abandoned B．ruined C．challenged D．built 10．A．context B．potential C．difference D．damage 11．A．obeyed B．stopped C．needed D．sent 12．A．perform B．understand C．quit D．study 13．A．suggestions B．instructions C．translations D．experiences 14．A．disagree B．refuse C．consider D．deny 15．A．secret B．humor C．beauty D．contribution 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 完形填空 内容导航 单元话题 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 单元话题聚焦 科学与科学家 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 Passage 1 Michael Faraday was born in the country village of Newington. As a son of a poor and very religious family, he had a childhood full of 1 and received little 2 education. Faraday later recalled being given one loaf of bread that had to 3 him for a week. At an early age he began helping out his family financially by 4 newspapers for a book dealer and bookbinder (装订工人). He took the chance to read some books brought in for rebinding. The article on electricity particularly 5 him and opened a window to 6 for him. Later he educated himself and even did simple experiments with old bottles and other 7 . The turning point came when Faraday was offered a ticket to attend chemical lectures by Sir Humphry Davy. Faraday went, sat 8 in it all, recorded the lectures in his notes, and returned to bookbinding with the seemingly 9 hope of entering the temple of science. He sent a copy of his notes to Davy along with a letter asking for 10 , but there was no opening. However, it remained in Davy’s memory. When one of his laboratory assistants was 11 for mistakes, he welcomed Faraday to fill the 12 . Then Faraday began to learn chemistry at the 13 of one of the greatest scientists of the day, 14 through the door to science ever after. On August 29, 1831, Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction (电磁感应). Honestly it has been said, with some truth, that he was Davy’s greatest 15 . 1．A．adventures B．sufferings C．dissatisfaction D．distrust 2．A．formal B．positive C．passive D．major 3．A．raise B．hunt C．last D．recover 4．A．drawing on B．giving out C．pulling together D．bringing out 5．A．maintained B．stretched C．twisted D．attracted 6．A．books B．binding C．science D．experiments 7．A．stuff B．aid C．source D．tissue 8．A．comfortable B．anxious C．skilled D．lost 9．A．previous B．shallow C．eventual D．unrealizable 10．A．survival B．employment C．promotion D．existence 11．A．fired B．forgiven C．scolded D．approached 12．A．company B．fortune C．gap D．duty 13．A．feet B．face C．control D．entrance 14．A．looking B．stepping C．putting D．laying 15．A．invention B．assistant C．engine D．discovery 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Michael Faraday第出身贫寒，通过自身努力最终取得科学成就。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个贫穷且非常虔诚的家庭的儿子，他的童年充满了苦难，几乎没有接受过正规教育。A. adventures冒险；B. sufferings苦难；C. dissatisfaction不满；D. distrust不信任。根据上文“As a son of a poor and very religious family”可知，他出身贫穷，童年应是充满苦难。故选B。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个贫穷且非常虔诚的家庭的儿子，他的童年充满了苦难，几乎没有接受过正规教育。A. formal正式的，正规的；B. positive积极的；C. passive被动的；D. major主要的。根据上文“As a son of a poor and very religious family”以及“and received little”可知，他出身贫穷，几乎没有接受过正规教育。故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Faraday后来回忆说，他得到的一块面包要维持他一个星期。A. raise提高；B. hunt打猎；C. last维持；D. recover恢复。根据下文“him for a week”可知，此处指一块面包要维持他一个星期。故选C。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：很小的时候，他就开始通过为书商和装订工送报纸来帮助家里赚钱。A. drawing on利用；B. giving out分发；C. pulling together齐心协力；D. bringing out出版。根据上文“he began helping out his family financially by”和下文“newspapers for a book dealer and bookbinder (装订工人)”可知，他通过送报纸来帮助家里赚钱。故选B。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：关于电的文章特别吸引了他，为他打开了一扇通往科学的大门。A. maintained维持；B. stretched伸展；C. twisted扭曲；D. attracted吸引。根据上文“The article on electricity particularly”和下文“opened a window to ______ for him. Later he educated himself and even did simple experiments with old bottles”可知，关于电的文章为他打开了一扇通往科学的大门，说明文章吸引了他。故选D。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：关于电的文章特别吸引了他，为他打开了一扇通往科学的大门。A. books书；B. binding装订；C. science科学；D. experiments实验。根据上文“The article on electricity”可知，关于电的文章是关于科学的，此处指为他打开了一扇通往科学的大门。故选C。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来他自学，甚至用旧瓶子和其他东西做简单的实验。A. stuff东西；B. aid帮助；C. source来源；D. tissue组织。根据上文“Later he educated himself and even did simple experiments with old bottles and other”可知，此处指用旧瓶子和其他东西做实验。故选A。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Faraday去了，全神贯注地听，在笔记中记录了讲座内容，然后带着似乎无法实现的进入科学殿堂的希望回到装订工作。A. comfortable舒适的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. skilled熟练的；D. lost全神贯注的，迷失的。根据下文“in it all, recorded the lectures in his notes”可知，他全神贯注地听讲座。故选D。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Faraday去了，全神贯注地听，在笔记中记录了讲座内容，然后带着似乎无法实现的进入科学殿堂的希望回到装订工作。A. previous先前的；B. shallow浅的；C. eventual最后的；D. unrealizable无法实现的。根据上文“returned to bookbinding with the seemingly”和下文“hope of entering the temple of science. He sent a copy of his notes to Davy along with a letter asking for ______, but there was no opening.”可知，他把笔记副本连同一封求职信一起寄给了戴维，但没有得到任何机会，进入科学殿堂的希望似乎无法实现。故选D。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他把笔记副本连同一封求职信一起寄给了戴维，但没有得到任何机会。A. survival生存；B. employment就业，工作；C. promotion提升；D. existence存在。根据上文“He sent a copy of his notes to Davy along with a letter”以及下文“When one of his laboratory assistants was ______ for mistakes, he welcomed Faraday to fill the”可知，后文描述当Davy的一个实验室助手因犯错而被解雇时，Davy欢迎Faraday来填补这个空缺。所以他寄笔记副本和求职信是为了找工作。故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他的一个实验室助手因犯错而被解雇时，他欢迎法拉第来填补这个空缺。A. fired解雇；B. forgiven原谅；C. scolded责骂；D. approached接近。根据下文“for mistakes, he welcomed Faraday to fill the”可知，此处指实验室助手因犯错而被解雇。故选A。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他的一个实验室助手因犯错而被解雇时，他欢迎Faraday来填补这个空缺。A. company公司；B. fortune运气；C. gap空缺；D. duty职责。根据下文“When one of his laboratory assistants was ______ for mistakes, he welcomed Faraday to fill the”可知，实验室助手因犯错而被解雇，此处指Faraday填补实验室助手的空缺。故选C。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后Faraday开始在当时最伟大的科学家身边学习化学，从此踏上了科学之门。A. feet脚；B. face脸；C. control控制；D. entrance入口。根据上文“Then Faraday began to learn chemistry”可知，此处指在科学家面前学习化学，at the feet of 意为“在……身边，师从……”。故选A。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后Faraday开始在当时最伟大的科学家身边学习化学，从此踏上了科学之门。A. looking看；B. stepping迈步；C. putting放；D. laying放置。根据下文“through the door to science ever after.”可知，此处指Faraday踏上了科学之门。step through穿过，踏入。故选B。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：说实话，不无道理地说，他是Davy最伟大的发现。A. invention发明；B. assistant助手；C. engine发动机；D. discovery发现。根据“When one of his laboratory assistants was ______ for mistakes, he welcomed Faraday to fill the”可知，戴维发现并培养了Faraday，他是Davy最伟大的发现。故选D。 Passage 2 Born in 1934, in London, Jane Goodall dreamed of studying wildlife in Africa from an early age. Her 1 came in 1957 when she was invited to visit a friend’s family farm in Kenya. There, she 2 Dr. Louis Leakey, a scientist studying human development in Africa. 3 by her interest, Leakey asked Goodall to study chimpanzees (黑猩猩) at the Gombe Stream Game Reserve in Tanzania. She readily 4 . In 1960, at age 26, Goodall set up a camp at Gombe, where she spent the next 60 years, 5 one of the longest continuous wildlife studies in history. Her 6 work showed surprising facts about chimpanzees’ behavior. She saw them using tools to fish for ants. This 7 that humans are not the only toolmakers. Her research also found that chimpanzees 8 social lives. They cared for each other and made friends. These discoveries 9 how people saw the animals forever. Goodall’s findings made her 10 around the world. In 1965, the University of Cambridge gave her a PhD．Her gift goes far beyond her 11 . The Jane Goodall Institute, started in 1977, helps 12 the homes of chimpanzees and supports sustainable (持续的) development. Her Roots & Shoots program, started in 1991, now 13 young people in nearly 100 countries. It 14 them to take action to help the environment, animals, and their communities. Through these 15 , Goodall’s work continues to make a difference around the world. 1．A．plan B．chance C．turn D．reason 2．A．came across B．passed by C．got through D．ran over 3．A．Challenged B．Shocked C．Puzzled D．Struck 4．A．returned B．discovered C．agreed D．explained 5．A．finding out B．carrying out C．pointing out D．calling out 6．A．pioneering B．disturbing C．demanding D．exciting 7．A．realized B．happened C．doubted D．proved 8．A．served B．wanted C．led D．followed 9．A．described B．changed C．improved D．designed 10．A．famous B．rich C．particular D．ordinary 11．A．articles B．descriptions C．instructions D．discoveries 12．A．prevent B．examine C．protect D．consider 13．A．matches B．reaches C．introduces D．reminds 14．A．advises B．requires C．forces D．encourages 15．A．efforts B．goals C．words D．methods 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．A 11．D 12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了珍·古道尔从小梦想研究非洲野生动物，机缘巧合下结识科学家路易斯·利基博士，受邀研究黑猩猩，取得了诸多开创性发现。她还创立相关机构和项目保护黑猩猩、推动可持续发展，鼓励全球年轻人参与环保的故事。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1957年，当她受邀去肯尼亚拜访朋友的家庭农场时，她的机会来了。A. plan计划；B. chance机会；C. turn转变；D. reason原因。根据上文“Jane Goodall dreamed of studying wildlife in Africa from an early age.”和下文“when she was invited to visit a friend’s family farm in Kenya”可知，珍·古道尔一直梦想研究非洲野生动物，此次肯尼亚之行让她有了靠近梦想的契机，这是她的圆梦机会，故选B。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在那里，她偶遇了路易斯·利基博士，一位在非洲研究人类发展的科学家。A. came across偶遇；B. passed by路过；C. got through通过；D. ran over碾过。根据上文“she was invited to visit a friend’s family farm in Kenya”和下文“Dr. Louis Leakey, a scientist studying human development in Africa”可知，珍·古道尔是在肯尼亚的农场偶然遇到了利基博士，并非特意寻找，故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：利基博士被她的兴趣打动，邀请古道尔去坦桑尼亚的贡贝溪野生动物保护区研究黑猩猩。A. Challenged挑战；B. Shocked震惊；C. Puzzled困惑；D. Struck打动。根据下文“Leakey asked Goodall to study chimpanzees at the Gombe Stream Game Reserve in Tanzania”可知，利基博士因被珍·古道尔对野生动物的兴趣所打动，才向她发出了研究黑猩猩的邀请，故选D。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她欣然同意了。A. returned返回；B. discovered发现；C. agreed同意；D. explained解释。根据上文“Jane Goodall dreamed of studying wildlife in Africa from an early age”和“Leakey asked Goodall to study chimpanzees”可知，研究黑猩猩正是珍·古道尔的梦想，因此她爽快地答应了邀请，故选C。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：1960年，26岁的古道尔在贡贝建立了营地，在那里度过了接下来的60年，开展了历史上持续时间最长的野生动物研究之一。A. finding out查明；B. carrying out开展；C. pointing out指出；D. calling out呼喊。根据下文“one of the longest continuous wildlife studies in history”可知，古道尔在贡贝建立营地后，着手开展了针对黑猩猩的长期野生动物研究，故选B。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的开创性研究揭示了关于黑猩猩行为的惊人事实。A. pioneering开创性的；B. disturbing令人不安的；C. demanding苛求的；D. exciting令人兴奋的。根据下文“She saw them using tools to fish for ants. This that humans are not the only toolmakers.”可知，古道尔的研究发现了此前不为人知的黑猩猩行为，是具有开创性的，故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这证明了人类并不是唯一会制造工具的物种。A. realized意识到；B. happened发生；C. doubted怀疑；D. proved证明。根据上文“She saw them using tools to fish for ants.”可知，古道尔亲眼看到黑猩猩使用工具捕食蚂蚁，这一发现用实际证据证明了人类并非唯一的工具制造者，故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的研究还发现，黑猩猩过着群居生活。A. served服务；B. wanted想要；C. led过（某种生活）；D. followed跟随。根据下文“They cared for each other and made friends.”可知，黑猩猩之间互相照顾、结交朋友，这说明它们过着群居的生活，“lead social lives”为固定表达，意为“过群居生活”，故选C。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些发现永远改变了人们看待这种动物的方式。A. described描述；B. changed改变；C. improved改善；D. designed设计。根据上文“Her work showed surprising facts about chimpanzees’ behavior.”以及黑猩猩会使用工具、过群居生活的发现可知，这些开创性的发现打破了人们对黑猩猩的固有认知，彻底改变了人们看待黑猩猩的方式，故选B。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：古道尔的发现让她闻名世界。A. famous著名的；B. rich富有的；C. particular特别的；D. ordinary普通的。根据下文“In 1965, the University of Cambridge gave her a PhD.”可知，古道尔的研究发现得到了学术界的认可，剑桥大学为她授予博士学位，这也让她在全球范围内变得知名，故选A。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的贡献远不止于她的发现。A. articles文章；B. descriptions描述；C. instructions指示；D. discoveries发现。根据下文“The Jane Goodall Institute, started in 1977, helps the homes of chimpanzees and supports sustainable development.”可知，古道尔除了在科研上有诸多发现，还创立机构开展保护黑猩猩、推动可持续发展的工作，她的贡献远超科研发现本身，故选D。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1977年成立的珍·古道尔研究所，帮助保护黑猩猩的栖息地，并支持可持续发展。A. prevent阻止；B. examine检查；C. protect保护；D. consider考虑。根据下文“the homes of chimpanzees”和语境可知，珍·古道尔研究所的核心使命之一就是保护黑猩猩的生存家园，故选C。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她于1991年发起的“根与芽”项目，如今惠及近100个国家的年轻人。A. matches匹配；B. reaches惠及、覆盖；C. introduces介绍；D. reminds提醒。根据下文“young people in nearly 100 countries”可知，“根与芽”项目的影响力遍布近100个国家，惠及了各地的年轻人，故选B。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该项目鼓励他们采取行动，帮助保护环境、动物和他们的社区。A. advises建议；B. requires要求；C. forces强迫；D. encourages鼓励。根据下文“to take action to help the environment, animals, and their communities”可知，“根与芽”项目以积极的方式引导年轻人参与环保和公益，鼓励他们采取行动，而非强制或单纯建议，故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这些努力，古道尔的工作继续在世界各地产生着积极影响。A. efforts努力；B. goals目标；C. words话语；D. methods方法。根据上文创立珍·古道尔研究所、发起“根与芽”项目等举动可知，这些都是古道尔为保护动物、推动环保和可持续发展做出的努力，正是这些努力让她的工作持续影响世界，故选A。 Passage 3 The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible, 1 people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields. Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 2 of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a 3 explosive. After years of 4 in 1867, at the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin. During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He 5 his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important. When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 6 published Alfred’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was 7 to find out his public image. The newspaper strongly 8 Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 9 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) 10 . He spent his lifetime alone 11 things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will, so as to 12 his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last 13 saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great 14 to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel 15 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes. 1．A．remembering B．funding C．crediting D．honouring 2．A．pattern B．conduct C．nature D．affair 3．A．deadly B．usable C．massive D．disastrous 4．A．reference B．hesitation C．efforts D．wisdom 5．A．built up B．put up C．broke up D．brought up 6．A．purposefully B．mistakenly C．unintentionally D．instantly 7．A．scared B．relieved C．impressed D．disappointed 8．A．blamed B．praised C．appreciated D．favoured 9．A．commercial B．profitable C．sufficient D．rich 10．A．error B．threat C．warning D．consequence 11．A．inventing B．destroying C．combining D．revealing 12．A．establish B．improve C．impact D．confirm 13．A．request B．illustration C．application D．will 14．A．contributions B．trial C．comments D．damage 15．A．called for B．gave away C．took off D．cut back 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．D 10．C 11．A 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了诺贝尔奖创始人阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔因发明炸药致富，但被误登讣告称为“死亡商人”后，他用自己的财富设立诺贝尔奖，以改变世人对他的负面印象。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最知名和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰世界各地在不同领域取得杰出成就的人。A. remembering记住；B. funding资助；C. crediting归功于；D. honouring表彰。根据上文“The Nobel Prize”和下文“people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields”可知，诺贝尔奖是用于表彰世界各地在不同领域取得杰出成就的人。故选D。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对它在压力或高温下爆炸的不稳定性很感兴趣，他开始寻找控制它的方法，并制造出可用的爆炸物。A. pattern模式；B. conduct行为；C. nature性质；D. affair事务。根据下文“exploding under pressure or heat”可知，在压力或高温下爆炸是硝酸甘油不稳定性的体现。故选C。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对它在压力或高温下爆炸的不稳定性很感兴趣，他开始寻找控制它的方法，并制造出可用的爆炸物。A. deadly致命的；B. usable可用的；C. massive巨大的；D. disastrous灾难性的。根据下文“Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin”可知，诺贝尔发明了炸药，炸药比硝酸甘油更容易控制，也更安全，可推知他想制造可用的爆炸物。故选B。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了炸药，它比硝酸甘油更容易控制，也更安全。A. reference参考；B. hesitation犹豫；C. efforts努力；D. wisdom智慧。根据上文“Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ____3____ explosive”以及空前“After years of”可知，发明炸药需要付出很多努力。故选C。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的发明。A. built up积累，使逐渐变大；B. put up张贴；C. broke up分手；D. brought up抚养。根据下文“his wealth from his 355 inventions”可知，诺贝尔是通过355项发明积累财富。故选A。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当阿尔弗雷德的兄弟路德维希于1888年去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A. purposefully有目的地；B. mistakenly错误地；C. unintentionally无意地；D. instantly立即地。根据上文“When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888”和下文“published Alfred’s obituary (讣告)”可知，阿尔弗雷德的兄弟路德维希去世了，但报纸刊登的讣告却是阿尔弗雷德的，因此是讣告刊登错误。故选B。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A. scared害怕的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. impressed钦佩的，印象深刻的；D. disappointed失望的。根据下文“giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ____9____ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.””可知，讣告中对诺贝尔的评价是负面的，因此他对自己的公众形象感到失望。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该报强烈指责诺贝尔发明了炸药，给他起了“死亡商人”的绰号，并说：“阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士通过找到比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法而致富，他昨天去世了。”A. blamed指责；B. praised赞扬；C. appreciated欣赏；D. favoured偏爱。根据下文“giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death””可知，该报给诺贝尔起了“死亡商人”的绰号，因此是强烈指责他发明了炸药。故选A。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该报强烈指责诺贝尔发明了炸药，给他起了“死亡商人”的绰号，并说：“阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士通过找到比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法而致富，他昨天去世了。”A. commercial商业的；B. profitable赢利的，有利可图的；C. sufficient足够的；D. rich富有的。根据上文“He ____5____ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.”以及“giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death””可知，诺贝尔是通过发明炸药致富的。故选D。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这则讣告是个警告。A. error错误；B. threat威胁；C. warning警告；D. consequence后果。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alone ____11____ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，诺贝尔非常关心人们如何记住他，但讣告表明他的公众形象很糟糕，因此这则讣告是个警告。故选C。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明，他非常关心人们如何记住他。A. inventing发明；B. destroying破坏；C. combining结合；D. revealing揭示。根据上文“his 355 inventions”可知，诺贝尔一生都在发明东西。故选A。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸的事件促使他修改遗嘱，以改善他的公众形象，并为一项美好的事业而被人们记住。A. establish建立；B. improve改善；C. impact影响；D. confirm确认。根据上文“The newspaper strongly ____8____ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ____9____ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.””以及下文“and to be remembered for a good cause”可知，诺贝尔的公众形象很糟糕，因此他修改遗嘱是想改善自己的公众形象。故选B。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世前一年，他在遗嘱中明确表示，他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学、生理或医学、文学和和平领域对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. request请求；B. illustration插图；C. application应用；D. will遗嘱。根据上文“This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will”可知，诺贝尔是在遗嘱中分配自己的财富。故选D。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世前一年，他在遗嘱中明确表示，他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学、生理或医学、文学和和平领域对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. contributions贡献；B. trial试验；C. comments评论；D. damage损害。根据上文“people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields”可知，诺贝尔奖是用于奖励那些在特定领域对人类做出重大贡献的人。故选A。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：令世人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%，创立了五项诺贝尔奖。A. called for需要，（公开）要求；B. gave away赠送，捐赠；C. took off起飞；D. cut back削减。根据下文“94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes”可知，诺贝尔是把总财富的94%捐赠出去，创立五项诺贝尔奖。故选B。 Passage 4 No two snowflakes are alike?Wilson A．Bentley, a farmer and amateur meteorologist, sought to answer that question, dedicating himself to 1 flakes of snow for 50 years. Bentley was born in 1865 and 2 on a farm.On his 15th birthday,Bentley’s mother gave him an old 3 .It was snowing that day, and the boy 4 getting a glimpse of a six-sided snowflake with the 5 . When he was 17, Bentley asked his parents to buy him a new, better microscope and a camera.His father argued that it was a waste of time. Finally, his father gave in. Bentley built a wooden frame to 6 the new equipment and then spent 2 years figuring out how to take a picture of a snowflake 7 a microscope. On January 15,1885,he did it,creating the world’s first photo of snowflake. Every winter for the rest of his life, Bentley studied snowflakes in a(n) 8 room in the back of the house. The process was difficult and cold. (Outdoors, he collected snowflakes on a wooden tray that was painted 9 to observe it. Whenever it snowed, Bentley caught and captured flakes, sometimes working all night. He found that most snowflakes had six sides, 10 others looked like triangles, or columns—no two were alike. Bentley 11 his snowflakes with anyone who was interested. He wrote articles for scientists and for 12 such as National Geographic. Occasionally, he felt 13 that few people seemed to care about his work.Still,he 14 stopped.In 1920,Bentley was elected as one of the first members of the American Meteorological Society, which later 15 him its first research grant in 1924. 1．A．creating B．producing C．observing D．cleaning 2．A．worked B．raised C．ran D．helped 3．A．bag B．camera C．microscope D．tray 4．A．succeeded in B．turned in C．gave up D．gave in 5．A．time B．frame C．instruction D．instrument 6．A．hold B．fix C．adjust D．buy 7．A．without B．along C．under D．above 8．A．old B．unheated C．small D．cozy 9．A．black B．white C．new D．odd 10．A．or B．and C．so D．but 11．A．sold B．shared C．carried D．presented 12．A．magazines B．newspaper C．colleges D．companies 13．A．amazed B．excited C．discouraged D．encouraged 14．A．always B．once C．ever D．never 15．A．owed B．awarded C．praised D．considered 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了本特利Bentley将拍摄雪花作为终身爱好和事业的故事。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：农民兼业余气象学家威尔逊·A·本特利（Wilson A.Bentley）试图回答这个问题，他致力于50年来的观察雪花。 A. creating创造；B. producing产生；C. observing观察；D. cleaning打扫。由后文“ Bentley studied snowflakes in a(n)　　8　　room in the back of the house. ”可知，本特利花时间“观察”雪花。故选C项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：本特利出生于125年，在农场长大。 A. worked工作；B. raised举起，抚养；C. ran运行；D. helped帮助。由前文“Bentley was born in 125 and”可知，这里应讲他的成长，他是在农场上被“抚养”大的。故选B项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他15岁生日那天，本特利的母亲给了他一个旧的显微镜。A. bag袋子；B. camera摄像机；C. microscope显微镜；D. tray盘。由后文“ a new, better microscope”可知，这里讲母亲给他一个旧的“显微镜”。故选C项。 4．考查动词词组辨析。句意：那天正在下雪，男孩用仪器成功地瞥见了一片六面雪花。A. succeeded in成功；B. turned in上交；C. gave up放弃；D. gave in屈服。由后文“getting a glimpse of a six-sided snowflake”可知，本特利“成功”地观察到了雪花。故选A项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天正在下雪，男孩用仪器成功地瞥见了一片六面雪花。A. time时间；B. frame框架；C. instruction指令；D. instrument仪器。由前文“Bentley’s mother gave him an old　　　”可知，本特利用这旧的显微镜“仪器”观察到了雪花。故选D项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：本特利建造了一个木制框架来托住新设备，然后花了两年时间研究如何在显微镜下拍摄雪花。A. hold举行，托住；B. fix修复；C. adjust调整；D. buy购买。由“ a wooden frame”可知，这木制框架是用来“托住”显微镜的。故选A项。 7．考查介词词义辨析。句意：本特利建造了一个木制框架来托住新设备，然后花了两年时间研究如何在显微镜下拍摄雪花。A. without没有；B. along沿着；C. under在...下；D. above在...上面。由前文“getting a glimpse of a six-sided snowflake with the　5　　”可知，本特利是“在显微镜下”观察拍摄雪花的。故选C项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他余生的每一个冬天，本特利都会在房子后面一间没有暖气的房间里研究雪花。A. old旧的；B. unheated未加热的，无暖气的；C. small小的；D. cozy舒适的。由“ snowflakes”可知，只有在“没有暖气”寒冷的地方才能观察雪花，否则雪花会融化。故选B项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在室外，他把雪花收集在一个漆成黑色的木托盘上观察。A. black黑色的；B. white白色的；C. new新的；D. odd古怪的。由后文“to observe it”可知，雪花是白色的，所以只有在“黑色”背景下才好观察。故选A项。 10．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他发现大多数雪花都有六个边，但其他雪花看起来像三角形，或是柱子，没有两个雪花是相同的。A. or或；B. and和；C. so因此；D. but但是。由后文“others looked like triangles, or columns”可知，这和前面一句话形成转折关系。故选D项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：本特利与任何感兴趣的人分享了雪花。A. sold出售；B. shared分享；C. carried携带；D. presented呈现。由后文“anyone who was interested”可知，他应该是和有相同爱好的人“分享”自己的发现。故选B项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他为科学家和《国家地理》等杂志撰写文章。A. magazines杂志；B. newspaper报纸；C. colleges大学；D. companies公司。由后文“National Geographic”可知，这是一本“杂志”。故选A项。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：偶尔，他觉得似乎很少有人关心他的工作。A. amazed惊讶的；B. excited激动的；C. discouraged沮丧的；D. encouraged受鼓舞的。由后文“few people seemed to care about his work.”可知，没人关注他的工作，这会让他“感到沮丧的”。故选C项。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，他还是没有停了下来。 A. always总是；B. once一次；C. ever曾经；D. never从不。由“Still”以及前文可知，虽然很少人关注他，他仍然“不”停下来，继续他的爱好。故选D项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1920年，本特利当选为美国气象学会首批成员之一，该学会后来于1924年向他颁发了第一笔研究资助。A. owed欠；B. awarded授予；C. praised称赞；D. considered考虑。由后文“ its first research grant in 1924”可知，这是给他“授予”的奖励。故选B项。 Passage 5 A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 1 of the facts he observes. He doesn't accept ideas which are not 2 on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority (权威) as the only 3 for truth. He always 4 ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them. The rise of 5 science may perhaps be considered to date as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher (哲学家) of Oxford, who 6 between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the middle 7 to suggest that we must learn science by 8 and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself made many important discoveries. Galileo, however, who lived more than 300 years later  (1564- 1642) , was the 9 of several great men who lived in Italy, France, Germany, or England began by 10 to show how many important truths could be discovered by observation (观察) . Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more 11 towards the earth than small ones, because Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the 12 of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two unequal stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileo's 13 of going direct to nature , and proving out 14 and theories by experiment that has 15 all the discoveries of modern science. 1．A．trust B．time C．speed D．use 2．A．worked B．based C．lived D．written 3．A．reason B．cause C．advice D．result 4．A．thinks B．has C．checks D．learns 5．A．natural B．physical C．ancient D．modern 6．A．died B．won C．lived D．studied 7．A．schools B．ages C．days D．countries 8．A．finding B．inventing C．researching D．observing 9．A．newest B．cleverest C．greatest D．modest 10．A．ways B．degrees C．levels D．chance 11．A．slowly B．heavily C．lightly D．rapidly 12．A．place B．foot C．top D．beginning 13．A．spirit B．skill C．theory D．knowledge 14．A．plans B．ability C．attitude D．opinions 15．A．came to B．owed to C．led to D．desired to 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．C 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述一些科学家成功的例子，告诉我们观察和试验是科学家取得成功的前提。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他充分利用他观察到的事实。A. trust相信；B. time时间；C. speed速度；D. use使用。根据“He doesn't accept ideas which are not 　　2　　 on obvious facts”可知，任何一个成功的科学家都会充分利用其所观察到的事实，make full use of意为“充分利用”。故选D项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不接受那些未建立在事实基础之上的观点，因此拒绝接受权威作为真理的唯一理由。A. worked工作；B. based基于；C. lived居住；D. written写。根据“refuses to accept authority (权威) as the only 　　3　　 for truth.”可知，此处表示科学家从不接受那些未建立在事实基础之上的观点，be based on意为“基于”。故选B项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不接受那些未建立在事实基础之上的观点，因此拒绝接受权威作为真理的唯一理由。A. reason理由；B. cause原因；C. advice建议；D. result结果。根据“He doesn't accept ideas which are not 　　2　　 on obvious facts”可知，科学家从不接受那些未建立在事实基础之上的观点，因此可以推断他们也拒绝接受权威作为真理的唯一理由。the only reason for truth 表示“真理的唯一理由”。故选A项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他总是仔细验证想法，并做实验来证明它们。A. thinks认为；B. has有；C. checks检查；D. learns学习。根据“ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them”可知，此处表示科学家会认真验证观点并用实验来验证它们是否正确。故选C项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现代科学的兴起也许要追溯到罗杰·培根的时代。罗杰·培根是牛津大学杰出的哲学家，他生于1214年，死于1292年。A. natural自然的；B. physical身体的；C. ancient古代的；D. modern现代的。根据下文“He was probably the first in the middle…”可知，罗杰·培根提出通过观察和实验来了解科学，所以可以推断这是现代科学的标志。故选D项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现代科学的兴起也许要追溯到罗杰·培根的时代。罗杰·培根是牛津大学杰出的哲学家，他生于1214年，死于1292年。A. died死亡；B. won赢得；C. lived生活；D. studied学习。根据“between the years 1214 and 1292”可知，此处在讲述罗杰·培根的生平，他是牛津大学杰出的哲学家，生活在1214至1292年间。故选C项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们必须通过观察和对周围的事物做实验来学习科学的人，他自己也有许多重要的发现。A. schools学校；B. ages年代；C. days天；D. countries国家。根据“the years 1214 and 1292”可知，他生活在中世纪，in the middle ages表示“在中世纪”。故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们必须通过观察和对周围的事物做实验来学习科学的人，他自己也有许多重要的发现。A. finding发现；B. inventing发明；C. researching研究；D. observing观察。根据“A successful scientist is generally a good observer.”可知，文章开头就在讲科学家的观察精神，前面又讲到罗杰·培根提出的研究方法是现代科学的标志，所以可以推断此处意为“通过观察和对我们周围的事物做实验来学习科学”。故选D项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，生活在300多年以后的伽利略(1564- 1642)，是生活在意大利、法国、德国或英国的几位伟大人物中最伟大的人，这些人开始逐渐证明许多重要的真理是可以通过观察发现的。A. newest最新的；B. cleverest最聪明的；C. greatest最伟大的；D. modest谦虚的。根据“several great men”可知，此处表示伽利略是几位居住在意大利、法国、德国、英国的科学家中最伟大的科学家。故选C项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，生活在300多年以后的伽利略(1564- 1642)，是生活在意大利、法国、德国或英国的几位伟大人物中最伟大的人，这些人开始逐渐证明许多重要的真理是可以通过观察发现的。A. ways方法；B. degrees程度；C. levels水平；D. chance机会。根据“to show how many important truths could be discovered by observation”和下文都在说明观察作为学习科学的方法是逐渐得到证实的，by degrees表示“逐渐地，渐渐地”，符合语境。故选B项。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在伽利略之前，学者们相信大的物体落到地球上比小的物体快，因为亚里斯多德是这样说的。A. slowly慢地；B. heavily重地；C. lightly轻地；D. rapidly迅速地。根据常识可知，在伽利略之前，人们认为大物体下落的速度要比小物体快。故选D项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：可是，伽利略登上比萨斜塔的顶端，让两块重量不相等的石头同时落地，这才证明了亚里士多德是错的。A. place地方；B. foot脚；C. top顶端；D. beginning开始。根据常识可知，伽利略来到比萨斜塔的顶端抛下两个不同重量的石头。故选C项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是伽利略那种直接接触大自然，通过实验来证明各种观点和理论的精神引领了现代科学的所有发现。A. spirit精神；B. skill技巧；C. theory理论；D. knowledge知识。根据“going direct to nature”可知，此处是指伽利略这种直接探究自然界本质的精神。故选A项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是伽利略那种直接接触大自然，通过实验来证明各种观点和理论的精神引领了现代科学的所有发现。A. plans计划；B. ability能力；C. attitude态度；D. opinions观点。根据“He always 　　4　　 ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.”可知，此处应指通过实验来证明观点和理论，前面的ideas是提示词。故选D项。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：正是伽利略那种直接接触大自然，通过实验来证明各种观点和理论的精神引领了现代科学的所有发现。A. came to来到；B. owed to归功于；C. led to引领；D. desired to渴望。根据“all the discoveries of modern science”可知，此处指伽利略的科学家的实验精神引领了现代科学所有发现的产生。故选C项。 Passage 6 Stephen Glenn is a famous American research scientist who has made several very important medical 1 . When asked why he was able to be so much more 2 than the average person, he responded that it all came from a(n) 3 with his mother that occurred when he was a child. Stephen tried to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator but spilled(洒出) it all over the kitchen floor. Instead of 4 at him, giving him a lecture or chastising(指责) him, his mother said, “What a great and wonderful 5 you’ve made! Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes 6 we clean it up?” Indeed, he did. Then, his mother said, “Stephen, whenever you make a mess like this, 7 you have to clean it up.” And together they cleaned up the spilled milk. His mother then said, “You know, what we have here is a 8 experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let’s see if you can discover a way to carry it without 9 it.” The little boy learned if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could 10 without dropping it. What a good 11 to him! This famous scientist said it was at that moment that he knew he didn’t need to be afraid to make 12 . Instead, he learned mistakes were just 13 for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific 14 are all about. Even if the experiment doesn’t work, we usually learn something 15 from it. 1．A．impressions B．breakthroughs C．promises D．intentions 2．A．outgoing B．responsible C．warm-hearted D．creative 3．A．experience B．word C．argument D．adventure 4．A．looking B．yelling C．smiling D．glancing 5．A．discovery B．mess C．change D．joke 6．A．when B．as C．after D．before 7．A．gradually B．initially C．eventually D．constantly 8．A．successful B．failed C．completed D．useless 9．A．shaking B．dropping C．lifting D．touching 10．A．make up B．make off C．make it D．make sense 11．A．attitude B．apology C．project D．lesson 12．A．efforts B．plans C．mistakes D．decisions 13．A．requirements B．routines C．chances D．goals 14．A．achievements B．approaches C．seminars D．experiments 15．A．valuable B．ambiguous C．familiar D．abstract 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．C 13．C 14．D 15．A 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一个著名的科学家小时候的一次经历, 正是由于妈妈的鼓励和引导, 这名科学家懂得了人生应该从错误中学习, 不要害怕犯错误。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬·格伦是一位著名的美国研究科学家，他在医学上取得了几项非常重要的突破。A. impressions印象； B. breakthroughs突破；C.promises承诺D. intentions 意图。根据“Stephen Glenn is a famous American research scientist who has made several very important medical”可知，他在医学上取得了几项非常重要的突破。故选B项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当被问及为什么他能比一般人更有创造力时，他回答说，这都来自他小时候和母亲的经历。A. outgoing外向的；B. responsible有责任的；C.warm-hearted 热心的；D. creative有创造力的。根据“who has made several very important medical  ____1____ .”可知，他能比一般人更有创造力。故选D项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当被问及为什么他能比一般人更有创造力时，他回答说，这都来自他小时候和母亲的经历。A. experience经历；B. word消息；C. argument争论； D. adventure冒险。根据“...that occurred when he was a child”以及下文具体的叙述经历可知，这都来自他小时候和母亲的经历。故选A项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的母亲没有对他大嚷大叫，也没有狠狠地教训或惩罚他，只是说:“你制造的麻烦真是太棒了!”。A. looking看；B. yelling喊；C. smiling微笑； D.  glancing一瞥。根据“What a great and wonderful ____5____ you’ve made!”可知，：他的母亲没有对他大嚷大叫。故选B项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的母亲没有对他大嚷大叫，也没有狠狠地教训或惩罚他，只是说:“你制造的混乱真是太棒了!。A. discovery发现； B. mess混乱； C. change 改变；D. joke笑话。根据“Stephen tried to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator but spilled(洒出) it all over the kitchen floor.”可知，作者制造了混乱。妈妈只是说故“你制造的混乱真是太棒了!故选B项。 6．考查连词词义辨析。句意：在我们把它打扫干净之前，你想不想在牛奶里玩几分钟?A. when当……时候； B. as因为； C.after在……之后；D.  before在……之前。根据句意可知，本句为before引导的时间状语从句。故选D项。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，他的母亲说:“斯蒂芬，无论什么时候你弄得这么乱，最终都得自己收拾。”A. gradually逐渐地；B. initially原来地；C. eventually最后地；D. constantly一直地。根据“you have to clean it up.”可知，母亲对斯蒂芬说，无论什么时候你弄得这么乱，最终都得自己收拾。故选C项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的妈妈接着说:“你知道吗，我们现在做的是一个失败的实验，这个实验室关于如何用两只小手有效地拿起一个大奶瓶。A. successful成功的； B. failed不成功的；C. completed完整的；D. useless无用处的。根据“Let’s see if you can discover a way to carry it without  ____9____  it.”可知，母亲接着说，他们现在做的是一个失败的实验。故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我们看看你是否能找到一种不让它掉下去的方法。A. shaking晃动； B. dropping掉落；C. lifting抬起； D. touching触摸。根据“without dropping it.”可知，母亲让斯蒂芬探究是否找到一种不让它掉下去的方法。故选B项。 10．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：男孩发现只要用双手抓住瓶子顶部靠近瓶口的地方，瓶子就不会掉下来。A. make up编造； B. make off匆忙离开； C. make it 成功；D. make sense讲得通。根据“The little boy learned if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands”以及“without dropping it.”可知，男孩发现只要用双手抓住瓶子顶部靠近瓶口的地方，瓶子就不会掉下来。故选C项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对他来说是多么好的一堂课啊。A. attitude态度；B. apology道歉； C. project工程；D. lesson课程。根据上文可知，母亲并没有责备打翻牛奶瓶的斯蒂芬，母亲让史蒂芬自己去发现一种不让瓶子掉下去的方法。对斯蒂芬是多么好的一堂课。故选D项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位著名的科学家说，就在那一刻，他知道他不必害怕犯错误。A. efforts努力； B. plans计划； C.mistakes错误；D.  decisions决定。根据“he knew he didn’t need to be afraid”以及“Instead, he learned mistakes”可知，这位著名的科学家说，就在那一刻，他知道他不必害怕犯错误。故选C项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，他发现错误只是学习新东西的机会，毕竟，这就是科学实验的意义所在。A. requirements要求；B. routines路线；C. chances机会；D. goals目标。根据上文打翻牛奶瓶的经历以及“for learning something new”可知，斯蒂芬发现错误只是学习新东西的机会。故选C项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，他发现错误只是学习新东西的机会，毕竟，这就是科学实验的意义所在。A. achievements成就；B. approach方法；C.seminars 研讨会；D. experiments实验。根据“Even if the experiment”可知，斯蒂芬发现错误只是学习新东西的机会，毕竟，这就是科学实验的意义所在。故选D项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使实验没有成功，我们通常也能从中学到一些有价值的东西。A. valuable有价值的； B. ambiguous不明确的；C.familiar熟悉的；D. abstract抽象的。根据“Even if the experiment doesn’t work”以及常识可知，即使实验没有成功，我们通常也能从中学到一些有价值的东西。故选A项。 Passage7 Liu Yongtan was born in 1931 in Sichuan Province, China. He studied at Southwest Jiaotong University and earned his bachelor’s 1 in civil engineering in 1955. After 2 , he worked as a technician on the Chengdu-Kunming Railway, where he 3 valuable experience in railway engineering. In 1984, Liu Yongtan 4 the team working on China’s first high-speed rail 5 , the Beijing-Shanghai Railway. At the time, high-speed trains were still a 6 new concept, and many engineers believed that it was 7 to build such a railway in China. Despite these challenges, Liu Yongtan and his team 8 . They conducted extensive research on safety, stability, and speed, developing 9 technologies that helped make China’s high-speed rail system one of the most advanced in the world. One of Liu Yongtan’s most 10 contributions was the development of the “reinforced concrete continuous beam bridge” technology used in the construction of high-speed rail lines. This technology allowed for more efficient and faster construction of bridges, 11 costs and improving safety. 12 Liu Yongtan’s leadership and dedication, China’s high-speed rail network has grown 13 over the years, connecting major cities across the country and revolutionizing transportation in China. His contributions have not only 14 China but have also inspired engineers around the world to push the boundaries of what is possible in railway technology. Today, Liu Yongtan is recognized as a(n) 15 in China’s high-speed rail industry, and his legacy continues to inspire young scientists and engineers to pursue their passions and contribute to the advancement of technology in China and beyond. 1．A．title B．fame C．degree D．grade 2．A．graduation B．application C．reservation D．investigation 3．A．reflected B．gained C．observed D．performed 4．A．named B．joined C．founded D．monitored 5．A．exhibition B．subject C．industry D．project 6．A．slightly B．currently C．relatively D．merely 7．A．impossible B．available C．unbearable D．flexible 8．A．got cold feet B．bit the bullet C．spilled the beans D．beat around the bush 9．A．ordinary B．common C．limited D．novel 10．A．significant B．secure C．reliable D．economical 11．A．boosting B．doubling C．preventing D．reducing 12．A．Apart from B．Thanks to C．Accounting for D．Compared with 13．A．rapidly B．eventually C．absolutely D．gradually 14．A．convinced B．selected C．occupied D．benefited 15．A．ancestor B．director C．pioneer D．engineer 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．A 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了中国高铁行业先驱——刘永坦。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1955年就读于西南交通大学，获土木工程学士学位。A. title标题；B. fame名声；C. degree学位；D. grade年级。根据上文“He studied at Southwest Jiaotong University（1955年就读于西南交通大学）”可知，这里说的是取得学士学位，故选择C项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕业后，他在成昆铁路担任技术员，在铁路工程方面获得了宝贵的经验。A. graduation毕业；B. application申请；C. reservation预定；D. investigation调查。根据下文“he worked as a technician on the Chengdu-Kunming Railway（他在成昆铁路当技术员）”可知，这里说的是他在毕业后做了铁路技术员，故选择A项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕业后，他在成昆铁路担任技术员，在那里他获得了宝贵的铁路工程经验。A. reflected反射；B. gained获得；C. observed观察；D. performed表演。根据下文的“valuable experience（宝贵的经验）”可知，这里说的是他在工作中获得了宝贵的经验，故选择B项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1984年，刘永坦加入了中国第一条高速铁路——京沪铁路的研制团队。A. named命名；B. joined参加，加入；C. founded建立；D. monitored监控。根据下文“the team working on China’s first high-speed rail 　　5　　, the Beijing-Shanghai Railway（中国第一条高速铁路——京沪铁路的研制团队）”可知，这里说的是他加入这个团队，故选择B项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1984年，刘永坦加入了中国第一条高速铁路——京沪铁路的研制团队。A. exhibition展览；B. subject主题；C. industry工业；D. project项目。根据上文“China’s first high-speed rail（中国第一条高铁）”可知，这是一个要攻克的科研项目，故选择D项。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当时，高速列车还是一个相对较新的概念，许多工程师认为在中国不可能建造这样的铁路。A. slightly轻微地；B. currently目前；C. relatively相对地；D. merely只不过。根据时间状语“at the time（在当时）”可知，在那个时候高铁还是一个相对比较新的概念，故选择C项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时，高速列车还是一个相对较新的概念，许多工程师认为在中国不可能建造这样的铁路。A. impossible不可能的；B. available可购买到的；C. unbearable无法忍受的；D. flexible灵活的。根据上文“At the time, high-speed trains were sill a 　　6　　 new concept（当时，高速列车还是一个相对较新的概念）”可知，这里说的是很多人认为不可能，故选择A项。 8．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：尽管面临这些挑战，刘永坦和他的团队还是咬紧牙关，迎难而上。A. got cold feet退缩了；B. bit the bullet咬紧牙关，迎难而上；C. spilled the beans泄露秘密；D. beat around the bush旁敲侧击。根据下文“They conducted extensive research on safety, stability, and speed, developing 　　9　　 technologies that helped make China’s high-speed rail system one of the most advanced in the world. （他们对安全性、稳定性和速度进行了广泛的研究，开发了新技术，使中国的高铁系统成为世界上最先进的系统之一）”可知，他们咬紧牙关坚持了下来，故选择B项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们对安全性、稳定性和速度进行了广泛的研究，开发了新技术，使中国的高铁系统成为世界上最先进的系统之一。A. ordinary平凡的；B. common常见的；C. limited有限的；D. novel新颖的，与众不同的。根据下文“that helped make China’s high-speed rail system one of the most advanced in the world（使中国的高铁系统成为世界上最先进的系统之一）”可知，这里说的是开发了新的技术，故选择D项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：刘永坦最重要的贡献之一是开发了用于高铁线路建设的“钢筋混凝土连续梁桥”技术。A. significant重要的；B. secure安全的；C. reliable可信赖的；D. economical经济的。根据下文“This technology allowed for more efficient and faster construction of bridges,  ____11____  costs and improving safety.（这项技术使桥梁建设更高效、更快，降低了成本，提高了安全性）”可知，这里说的是他的重要的贡献之一，故选择A项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项技术使桥梁建设更高效、更快，降低了成本，提高了安全性。A. boosting促进；B. doubling双倍；C. preventing组织；D. reducing减少。根据上文“This technology allowed for more efficient and faster construction of bridges（这项技术使桥梁的建造更高效、更快）”可知，这里说的都是这项贡献的重要意义，所以应该是减少成本，故选择D项。 12．考查介词短语；词义辨析。句意：由于刘永坦的领导和奉献精神，中国的高铁网络多年来迅速发展，连接了全国主要城市，并彻底改变了中国的交通运输。A. Apart from此外；B. Thanks to由于；C. Accounting for解释；D. Compared with相比。结合下文“China’s high-speed rail network has grown rapidly over the years, connecting major cities across the country and revolutionizing transportation in China.（中国的高铁网络多年来迅速发展，连接了全国主要城市，并彻底改变了中国的交通运输）”可知，这里说的是由于刘永坦的领导和奉献精神，故选择B项。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于刘永坦的领导和奉献精神，中国的高铁网络多年来迅速发展，连接了全国主要城市，并彻底改变了中国的交通运输。A. rapidly快速地；B. eventually最终；C. absolutely绝对地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据下文“connecting major cities across the country and revolutionizing transportation in China.（连接全国各大城市，彻底改变中国的交通）”可知，这里说的是高铁网络迅速发展，故选择A项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的贡献不仅使中国受益，也激励了世界各地的工程师突破铁路技术的极限。A. convinced说服；B. selected选择；C. occupied占据；D. benefited使受益。根据上文“　　12　　 Liu Yongtan’s leadership and dedication, China’s high-speed rail network has grown 　　13　　 over the years, connecting major cities across the country and revolutionizing transportation in China.（由于刘永坦的领导和奉献精神，中国的高铁网络多年来迅速发展，连接了全国主要城市，并彻底改变了中国的交通运输）”可知，这里说的是使中国受益，故选择D项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，刘永坦被公认为中国高铁行业的先驱，他的遗产继续激励着年轻的科学家和工程师追求他们的激情，为中国乃至世界的技术进步做出贡献。A. ancestor祖先；B. director导演；C. pioneer先驱；D. engineer工程师。根据第二段中“In 1984, Liu Yongtan 　　4　　 the team working on China’s first high-speed rail 　　5　　, the Beijing-Shanghai Railway.（1984年，刘永坦加入了中国第一条高速铁路——京沪铁路的研制团队）”可知，他是中国高铁行业的先驱，故选择C项。 重难语篇练习 Passage 1 The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible, 1 people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields. Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 2 of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a 3 explosive. After years of 4 , in 1867, at the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin. During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He 5 his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important. When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 6 published Alfred’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was 7 to find out his public image. The newspaper strongly 8 Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 9 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday. ” To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) 10 . He spent his lifetime alone 11 things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will, so as to 12 his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last 13 , saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great 14 to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel 15 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes. 1．A．remembering B．honouring C．crediting D．preparing 2．A．nature B．conduct C．flavour D．benefit 3．A．deadly B．bitter C．usable D．mild 4．A．innovations B．efforts C．hesitation D．association 5．A．brought up B．put up C．broke up D．built up 6．A．mistakenly B．purposefully C．officially D．scientifically 7．A．happy B．confused C．amused D．disappointed 8．A．praised B．blamed C．threatened D．appreciated 9．A．greedy B．essential C．rich D．sufficient 10．A．error B．warning C．threat D．consequence 11．A．destroying B．combining C．inventing D．stimulating 12．A．improve B．establish C．illustrate D．secure 13．A．request B．illustration C．will D．fortune 14．A．choices B．decisions C．profits D．contributions 15．A．gave away B．gave back C．gave off D．gave out 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．B 11．C 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，却因此受到了人们的诟病，为了提升自己的公众形象，他将自己一生的大部分财产捐献了出去成立了诺贝尔奖用来奖励在物理、化学、医学等方面做出突出贡献的人。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰了世界各地在不同领域取得的杰出成就的人们。A. remembering记得；B. honouring尊敬、表彰；C. crediting相信；D. preparing准备。根据最后一段“his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace”可知，诺贝尔奖是用于表彰这些杰出的人们。故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对硝酸甘油在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. nature自然、性质；B. conduct行为、举动；C. flavour味道；D. benefit利益。根据空后的“exploding under pressure or heat”可知，这是硝酸甘油的性质。故选A。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对硝酸甘油在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. deadly致命的；B. bitter苦涩的；C. usable可用的；D. mild温和的。根据下文“in 1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.”可知，诺贝尔想发明一种可使用的炸药。故选C。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了比硝化甘油更易控制、更安全的炸药。A. innovations创新；B. efforts努力；C. hesitation犹豫；D. association协会。根据上文“Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ___3___ explosive.”可知，诺贝尔是开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药，所以他是在为制造炸药而努力。故选B。 5．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的。A. brought up抚养长大；B. put up张贴、提供食宿；C. broke up结束、关系破裂；D. built up建立、积累。根据空后的“his wealth”可知，空处指的是积累财富。故选D。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：1888年阿尔弗雷德的哥哥路德维希去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A. mistakenly错误地；B. purposefully故意地；C. officially官方地；D. scientifically科学地。根据上文“When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888”和下文“published Alfred’s obituary (讣告)”可知，是诺贝尔的哥哥过世而不是诺贝尔过世，所以报纸是刊登错了。故选A。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A. happy快乐的；B. confused困惑的；C. amused被逗乐的；D. disappointed失望的。通过下文“The newspaper strongly 　　8　　 Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 　　9　　 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.””可知，媒体对诺贝尔的评价很糟糕，所以诺贝尔读着自己的讣告时，是感到失望。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说：“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. praised表扬；B. blamed责备；C. threatened威胁；D. appreciated感激。根据下文“giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death””可知，报纸是谴责诺贝尔的发明。故选B。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说：“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. greedy贪婪的；B. essential必要的；C. rich富裕的；D. sufficient充分的。根据上文“He ___5___ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.”可知，诺贝尔通过发明炸药而变得富有。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这篇讣告是一个警示。A. error错误；B. warning警告；C. threat威胁；D. consequence结果 。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alone ___11___ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，诺贝尔很关心自己的公众形象，所以对他而言这次讣告是个警示，说明他的公众形象并不好。故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明东西，他非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。A. destroying破坏；B. combining结合；C. inventing发明；D. stimulating刺激。根据上文“During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives.(在他的一生中，诺贝尔发明并获得了多项炸药的专利)”可知，他一生都在发明东西。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸事件促使他修改遗嘱，以改善他的公众形象，并因一项美好的事业而被铭记。A. improve提升；B. establish建立；C. illustrate说明；D. secure使安全。根据上文“He spent his lifetime alone ___11___ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，他很在意自己的形象，所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时，他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。故选A。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. request请求；B. illustration说明、阐述；C. will遗嘱；D. fortune命运、财富。根据下文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，他在去世前一年立了遗嘱。故选C。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. choices选择；B. decisions决定；C. profits利润；D. contributions贡献。根据第一段“The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible ___1___ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.”可知，表彰的是那些有突出贡献的人。故选D。 15．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：让众人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%来创立五项诺贝尔奖。A. gave away赠送；B. gave back归还；C. gave off散发；D. gave out分发、公布。根据上文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔捐赠了大多数财产，来创立五项诺贝尔奖。故选A。 Passage 2 Ada Lovelace was the daughter of romantic poet Lord Byron. She earned her place in history as the first computer 1 — a full century before today’s computers 2 . And she became an idol for women in 3 today. She couldn’t have done it without British mathematician Charles Babbage. Their 4 started in the early 1830s. Babbage had drawn up plans for a detailed and 5 machine he called the Difference Engine — 6 , a giant mechanical calculator, one that was far from simple and required complex engineering to build. In the middle of his work on it, the teenage Lovelace met Babbage at a party. It was mathematical 7 at first sight. The two struck up a working relationship and eventual close friendship that would 8 until Lovelace’s death. Babbage 9 his Difference Engine to brainstorm a new Analytical Engine. Then, he showed off an incomplete prototype of his machine, but Miss Byron saw that engine’s true 10 . The Analytical Engine was more than a calculator and the fact that the user 11 its commands through a punch card meant the engine could 12 nearly any mathematical task ordered. Lovelace even wrote 13 for solving a complicated math problem. Many historians would later 14 those the first computer program, and Lovelace the first programmer. The second Tuesday in October has become Ada Lovelace Day, on which the 15 of women to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics are honored. 1．A．tutor B．programmer C．salesman D．accountant 2．A．broke down B．died out C．came out D．showed up 3．A．technology B．economy C．literature D．politics 4．A．settlement B．conflict C．argument D．cooperation 5．A．costly B．unique C．useful D．complicated 6．A．fortunately B．essentially C．eventually D．naturally 7．A．love B．activity C．problem D．addiction 8．A．form B．last C．matter D．count 9．A．abandoned B．ruined C．challenged D．built 10．A．context B．potential C．difference D．damage 11．A．obeyed B．stopped C．needed D．sent 12．A．perform B．understand C．quit D．study 13．A．suggestions B．instructions C．translations D．experiences 14．A．disagree B．refuse C．consider D．deny 15．A．secret B．humor C．beauty D．contribution 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Ada Lovelace在英国数学家Babbage协作下，成为首位计算机程序员，其贡献受后世尊崇。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她作为第一位计算机程序员在历史上赢得了一席之地 —— 比当今的计算机出现早了整整一个世纪。A. tutor导师；B. programmer程序员；C. salesman推销员；D. accountant会计。根据下文“Many historians would late ____ those the first computer program, and Lovelace the first programmer”可知，她被认为是第一位计算机程序员，programmer是原词复现。故选B项。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她作为第一位计算机程序员在历史上赢得了一席之地 —— 比当今的计算机出现早了整整一个世纪。A. broke down出故障，分解；B. died out灭绝；C. came out出现，出版；D. showed up出现，露面（通常指人出现）。根据上文“a full century before today’s computers”以及语境可知，此处表示Ada Lovelace成为第一位计算机程序员比当今的计算机出现早了一个世纪，came out符合语境。故选C项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：并且她如今成为了科技领域女性的偶像。A. technology技术；B. economy经济；C. literature文学；D. politics政治。根据上文“She earned her place in history as the first computer ____ ”提到她是第一位计算机程序员可知，计算机属于科技范畴，所以她成为了科技领域女性的偶像。故选A项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的合作始于19世纪30年代初。A. settlement解决，定居；B. conflict冲突；C. argument争论；D. cooperation合作。根据下文“The two struck up a working relationship and eventual close friendship that would ____ until Lovelace’s death”可知，他们建立了工作关系，所以此处指他们的合作开始于19世纪30年代初。故选D项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：巴贝奇起草了一份详细而复杂的机器计划，他称之为差分机 —— 本质上，这是一个巨大的机械计算器，一点也不简单，建造它需要复杂的工程技术。A. costly昂贵的；B. unique独特的；C. useful有用的；D. complicated复杂的。根据下文“one that was far from simple and required complex engineering to build”可知，这个机器远非简单，需要复杂的工程技术来建造，所以它是复杂的。故选D项。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：巴贝奇起草了一份详细而复杂的机器计划，他称之为差分机 —— 本质上，这是一个巨大的机械计算器，一点也不简单，建造它需要复杂的工程技术。A. fortunately幸运地；B. essentially本质上；C. eventually最终；D. naturally自然地。根据下文“a giant mechanical calculator”可知，这里是对差分机本质的描述，本质上它是一个巨大的机械计算器，essentially符合语境。故选B项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一见钟情的数学之爱。A. love爱；B. activity活动；C. problem问题；D. addiction上瘾。根据下文“The two struck up a working relationship and eventual close friendship that would ____ until Lovelace’s death”可知，他们建立了工作关系并成为亲密的朋友，所以此处指他们对数学是一见钟情，mathematical love 表示“数学之爱”。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：两人建立了工作关系，最终结下了深厚的友谊，这种友谊一直持续到洛夫莱斯去世。A. form形成；B. last持续；C. matter重要；D. count计数，重要。根据下文“until Lovelace’s death”可知，这种友谊一直持续到洛夫莱斯去世，last符合语境。故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：巴贝奇放弃了他的差分机，转而构思一种新的分析机。A. abandoned放弃；B. ruined毁坏；C. challenged挑战；D. built建造。根据下文“to brainstorm a new Analytical Engine”以及语境可知，他构思新的分析机，所以是放弃了原来的差分机。故选A项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，他展示了他的机器的一个不完整的原型，但拜伦小姐看到了这台机器的真正潜力。A. context上下文，语境；B. potential潜力；C. difference不同；D. damage损坏。根据下文“The Analytical Engine was more than a calculator and the fact that the user ____ its commands through a punch card meant the engine could ____ nearly any mathematical task ordered”可知，分析机不仅仅是一个计算器，它能完成几乎任何数学任务，所以拜伦小姐看到了它的真正潜力。故选B项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：分析机不仅仅是一个计算器，用户通过穿孔卡发送指令这一事实意味着这台机器可以执行几乎任何下达的数学任务。A. obeyed遵守；B. stopped停止；C. needed需要；D. sent发送。根据下文“through a punch card”和“its commands”可知，这里指该机器是通过穿孔卡发送指令，sent符合语境。故选D项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：分析机不仅仅是一个计算器，用户通过穿孔卡发送指令这一事实意味着这台机器可以执行几乎任何下达的数学任务。A. perform执行；B. understand理解；C. quit停止；D. study学习。根据下文“nearly any mathematical task ordered”可知，这里指机器能执行下达的数学任务，perform符合语境。故选A项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：洛夫莱斯甚至编写了解决一个复杂数学问题的指令。A. suggestions建议；B. instructions指令，说明；C. translations翻译；D. experiences经历。根据下文“for solving a complicated math problem”以及上文提到用户通过穿孔卡发送指令让机器执行任务可知，这里指她编写了解决问题的指令。故选B项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多历史学家后来会认为那些是第一个计算机程序，而洛夫莱斯是第一位程序员。A. disagree不同意；B. refuse拒绝；C. consider认为；D. deny否认。根据下文“those the first computer program, and Lovelace the first programmer”可知，这里表示历史学家认为那些是第一个计算机程序，洛夫莱斯是第一位程序员，consider...as...，表示“认为……是……”。故选C项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：十月的第二个星期二已经成为阿达・洛夫莱斯日，在这一天，女性对科学、技术、工程和数学的贡献得到了表彰。A. secret秘密；B. humor幽默；C. beauty美丽；D. contribution贡献。根据下文“women to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics are honored”以及语境可知，在这一天女性对科学、技术、工程和数学的贡献得到了表彰。故选D项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $