Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Discover useful structures and Writing 语言点 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Adversity and Courage Discover Useful structures Reading for writing Language points 选择性必修三 Unit 4 1 1.情态动词+have done(P142) 2.Even though 让步状语从句(P142) 3.If虚拟语气(P154) 4. such…that（P154） Objecties . 2 P142 3 1．(P41)I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here. 【句式剖析】 本句中的“must have tried”表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“一定试过了”，语气非常肯定。 【归纳拓展】 (1)“should have＋过去分词”表示过去该做而没有做的事情，它含有责备的语气。其中的should可换用ought to(即ought to have＋过去分词)，意思不变。 You should/ought to have been here five minutes ago. 你(们)应该在五分钟之前到达这里的。 . (2)“could have＋过去分词”表示过去本来能够做但是没有做成的事。 He could have passed the college entrance examination last year. 他去年本来可以考上大学的。 (3)“must have＋过去分词”表示过去一定做过某事，是一种很有把握的推测，意为“一定”。注意：这个句型不可直接在must的后面加not构成否定式。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨天晚上一定下过雨，因为地面是湿的。 . (4)“can’t/couldn’t have＋过去分词”也可用来表示对过去情况的推测，意为“不可能做过某事”；第(3)个句型的否定式要用本句型表示其否定意义。 It can’t have rained last night. 昨天晚上不可能下了雨。 (5)“may/might have＋过去分词”表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的推测，意为“或许/可能做过某事”。may的可能性又比might大些。 He hasn’t turned up yet; he may/might have been ill. 他还没有来。他可能病了。 (6)“needn’t have＋过去分词”表示过去没有必要做但实际上做了的事情，意为“(过去)没有必要……”。 I needn’t have told him that. 我本没有必要将那件事告诉他的。 . [针对练习] 完成句子 (1)She __________________________ this song. 她可能还没有听过这首歌。 【答案】(1)might/may not have heard . (2)Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, ______________ that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. 普鲁士国王威廉一世绝不可能想到，他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。 【答案】 (2)could never have imagined . (3)As there was so much noise, we ____________________ what they were talking about. 由于有那么多的噪音，我们不可能听见他们在谈论什么。 (4)I should have paid enough attention to grammar, otherwise I ______________ these grammatical mistakes in my composition. 我本应该足够注意语法的，否则，我就不会在我的作文里犯这些语法错误了。 【答案】(3)couldn’t have heard (4)wouldn’t/shouldn’t have made . 2．(P41)Even though we lost the game, we should be proud of ourselves because we (tried) our best and (worked) as a team. 【句式剖析】 even though意为“即使，尽管”，在本句中引导一个表示让步的状语从句。 【归纳拓展】 (1)even though常用来引导一个表示让步的状语从句。这个让步状语从句，可放在主句前，也可放在主句后。 (2)even though引导的让步状语从句，如果表示将来的情况，从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来。 (3)如果主句和从句主语相同且从句谓语中含有be动词时，从句可以采用省略结构。 . Even though I have to walk all the way, I’ll go there. 即使我得一路走着去，我也要走到那里。 Even though invited(＝Even though I have been invited), I wouldn’t go to the party. 即使受到邀请，我也不去参加这个晚会。 . [针对练习] 完成句子 (1)I will come, ________________ tomorrow. 明天即使下雪，我也会来。 (2)______________ by the frightened kitten, she insisted on preparing food for it every day. (省略结构) 尽管她被受惊的小猫咬伤了，她还是坚持每天给它准备食物。 【答案】(1)even though it snows (2)Even though bitten . (3)They went on working outside, ____________________． 尽管天气很糟糕，他们还是继续在户外工作。 【答案】(3)even though the weather was bad . P154 14 1．(P44)If it weren’t for sea animals, we would all starve. 【句式剖析】 if it were not for后接名词或代词，意为“要是没有……；要不是……”，它用来表示目前或将来情况的虚拟语气。 虚拟情况 虚拟条件句 主句 从句 与现在事实相反 主语＋should/would/could/might＋do if＋主语＋过去式(be用were) 与过去事实相反 主语＋should/would/could/might＋have done if＋主语＋had＋过去分词 与将来事实可能相反 主语＋should/would/could/might＋do if＋主语＋should/were to＋do . [针对练习] 单句语法填空 (1)If there________(be) no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. (2)If I ________(have) enough money, I would buy myself a computer first of all. 【答案】(1)were　 (2)had . (3)Had Mr Dewey been present, he ________________(offer) any possible assistance to the people there. (4)If I________(be) to see him tomorrow, I would invite him home. 【答案】(3)would have offered　 (4)were . 如果他今天中彩票lottery,他将买一个大别墅 If he won the lottery today, he would buy a villa. 如果他明天中彩，他将买一个大别墅 If he won the lottery tomorrow, he would buy a villa. 如果他中彩了，他去年就买一个大别墅了 If he had won the lottery, he would have bought a lottery last year. . 虚拟在作文中的应用 1. 如果我是你，我会多参加些社会活动。(建议信） If I were you, I would participate in more social activities. 2 如果你没有鼓励我，我不会取得如此大的进步 (感谢信） If you hadn’t encouraged me, I wouldn’t have made such great progress. 3. 如果我没有犯那样样一个愚蠢的错误，他就不会生我的气。（读续） If I hadn’t made such a stupid mistake, he wouldn’t have been angry with me. 4. peter said :“ 如果下次他邀请我，我不会拒绝他。”（读续） Peter said: “If he were to invite me next time, I would not refuse him.” . (P45)When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. 【句式剖析】 在本句中，such…that…意为“如此……以至于……”，that后面接的是表示结果的状语从句。 【归纳拓展】 such…that…从句结构中，such后面跟的中心词为名词；其结构主要有下面三种： . It is such good weather that we all want to go out to play. 天气这么好，我们都想出去玩。 He is such an excellent student that every teacher likes him. 他是一个如此优秀的学生以至于每个老师都喜欢他。 . [针对练习] 单句语法填空 (1)It is ________ cold weather that many people stayed home during the day. (2)Li Lei is ________ clever boy that many people like him. (3)They have never seen ________ beautiful flowers that they couldn’t help taking photos here and there. (4)It is such a hot day ________ many people go swimming in the river. 【答案】(1)such　(2)such a　(3)such　(4)that . $