内容正文:
Unit 4 Assessing your progress
--Page 46
damp
wages
cruel
resolution
commitment
candidates
motive
has
influenced
joined
is retired
has wanted
attended
Have
heard
is giving off
did
clean
are thinking
has been asking
have
had
expected
第一题:孔子哲学对中国文化的影响从过去持续到现在,是现在完成时的典型用法 ,现在完成时结构 “have/has + 过去分词” ,主语是单数,所以用 “has influenced” 。
第二题:“when he was 20” 是过去时间,“join” 用过去式 “joined” ;“now” 表明现在的状态,“retired” 是形容词表示退休状态,前面用 “is” 。
第三题:“ever since”(自从…… 以来)引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时 “attended” ,主句用现在完成时 “has wanted” ,表示从过去听音乐会开始一直持续到现在的愿望。
第四题:询问是否听说过某俗语,强调对现在的影响,用现在完成时 “Have...heard” 。
第五题:“冰箱正在散发出难闻气味” ,用现在进行时 “is giving off” ;询问上次清理的时间,“last” 表明是过去动作,特殊疑问句借助助动词 “did” ,后接动词原形 “clean” 。
第六题:“考虑搬家” 是现阶段正在进行的动作,用现在进行时 “are thinking” 。
第七题:“for ages”(很长时间)表明 “ask” 这个动作从过去持续到现在且可能还会持续,用现在完成进行时 “has been asking” ;“没有时间” 是过去到现在的情况,用现在完成时 “have not had” 。
第八题:“期待电影 happy ending” 是过去的想法,与电影实际悲伤结局形成对比,用一般过去时 “expected”
词源:
源自拉丁语 candidatus,由 candidus(意为“白色、纯洁的”)+ -atus(表示身份或状态的后缀)构成。
高考高频词汇--candidate
candid-(白色、光明) → 象征古罗马时期竞选者身穿白色托加袍(toga candida),以示正直与公开。
-ate(名词后缀) → 表示“具有某种身份或角色的人”。
Advocate
Graduate
Pirate
原始含义:
古罗马时期指“穿白衣的竞选者”,后泛指“政治或职位竞选人”。
He is a candidate for mayor.(他是市长候选人。)
引申含义:
考试/选拔中的候选人 → 被评估或选拔的对象。
She is a candidate for the scholarship.(她是奖学金的候选人。)
可能的选择或方案 → 被考虑的事物。
This plan is a strong candidate for implementation.(该计划很可能被实施。)
抽象概念:
具备某种特质的人或物 → 隐含“潜力”或“可能性”。
The virus is a candidate for mutation.(该病毒可能发生变异。)
高考高频词汇--candidate
核心搭配
candidate for (sth.)(某职位的候选人)
He is a candidate for the presidency.(他是总统职位的候选人。)
strong/leading candidate(强有力的/领先的候选人)
She is the leading candidate for the job.(她是该职位的头号候选人。)
presidential candidate(总统候选人)
The presidential candidate gave a speech.(总统候选人发表了演讲。)
真题示例
2022年新高考I卷 完形填空
"John decided to run as a ______ in the student council election."
A. candidate B. volunteer C. member D. leader
答案:A(考点:职位竞选人)
2021年全国卷II 短文改错
"She is a candidate of the scholarship."
错误:of → for(固定搭配 candidate for)
写作与翻译应用
书面表达加分句:
As a candidate for the competition, I will strive to demonstrate my abilities.
(作为比赛的候选人,我将努力展示自己的能力。)
翻译练习:
“他是这个职位的最佳候选人。”
→ He is the best candidate for this position.
近义词区分:
candidate vs. applicant
candidate:强调被提名或竞选身份(如职位、奖项)。
applicant:泛指“申请人”(如工作、学校)。
There are 100 applicants, but only 5 candidates for the award.
(有100名申请者,但奖项候选人仅5名。)
派生词
candidacy(名词):候选资格
He announced his candidacy for the election.
(他宣布参选。)
candidature(名词):候选身份(英式英语)
Her candidature was approved by the committee.
(她的候选资格获委员会批准。)
motive
词源:
源自拉丁语 motivus,由词根 mot-(意为“移动”)和形容词后缀 -ivus(表示“与…相关的”)构成。
mot- 来自拉丁语 movere(移动),常见于如 motion(运动)、motor(发动机)等词。
-ive 后缀用于形成形容词或名词,表示“具有…性质”或“与…相关”。
字面含义:
原指“引起移动的”或“驱动性的”,如机械中的动力源。
The motive power of the train comes from electricity.
(火车的动力来自电力。)
抽象引申:
动机、目的:推动行为的内在原因。
The detective tried to find the killer’s motive.
(侦探试图找出凶手的动机。)
主题、核心思想:艺术作品或行动的中心驱动因素。
The novel’s motive is the conflict between tradition and modernity.
(小说的主题是传统与现代的冲突。)
2022年新高考I卷 完形填空
"The police found no clear ______ for the crime, making the case difficult to solve."
A. reason B. motive C. excuse D. cause
答案:B(强调内在动机)
2021年全国卷II 短文改错
"His main motive of joining the club was to make friends."
错误:of → for(固定搭配 motive for)
近义词区分:
motive vs. reason
motive:强调内在驱动(如情感、欲望)。
reason:泛指任何原因(中性,可能为外部因素)。
The motive behind the donation was guilt.(捐赠的动机是内疚。)
The reason for the delay was traffic.(延误的原因是交通堵塞。)
派生词与扩展
motivate(动词):激励
The coach motivated the players before the game.
(教练在赛前激励了队员。)
motivation(名词):动力
Lack of motivation can affect academic performance.
(缺乏动力会影响学业表现。)
demotivate(动词):使失去动力
Constant criticism can demotivate employees.
(持续的批评会让员工失去动力。)
词性 功能 例词 发音特点
动词 表示动作或过程 create, investigate 重音在 -ate 前
形容词 描述性质或状态 delicate, fortunate 重音更靠前
名词 指人或化学物质 candidate, sulfate 根据词性变化发音
注意:
同一个词可能因语境不同而兼具多种词性(如 alternate 可作动词、形容词、名词)。
需结合上下文和发音判断具体词性!
ate后缀
practice
1.The committee interviewed several ______ for the position, but only one had the required experience.
A. volunteers B. candidates C. employees D. audiences
2.The detective suspected that the crime was not random; there must be a hidden ______.
A. reason B. excuse C. motive D. method
3.After months of preparation, she finally announced her ______ for the student council election.
A. application B. permission C. candidacy D. agreement
4.The company’s decision to donate to the charity raised questions about their true ______.
A. goals B. motives C. plans D. results
After the interview, the committee selected three ______ (candidate) for the final round.
Her main ______ (motivate) for joining the club was to improve her leadership skills.
The detective tried to uncover the hidden ______ (motive) behind the crime.
candidates
motivation
motive
$$