Unit 4 Space Exploration-Discovering Useful Structures 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第三册

该高中英语导学案聚焦不定式作定语和状语，通过“太空探索”主题短文进行语境感悟，引导学生自主发现不定式用法，搭建从感知具体语境到总结语法规则的学习支架，帮助学生衔接已有知识与新语法点。 资料以真实语境导入提升语言能力，自主发现环节培养分析推断的思维品质，实战演练结合高考真题设计单句填空与写作应用，助力学生掌握科学学习方法，提升英语学习效率与语言运用能力。

Unit 4 不定式作定语和状语 【语境感悟】 阅读以下有关“太空探索”的短文,感知加黑部分,并回答其后的问题。 　　Scientists are always looking forward to exploring the universe. In 1969, the US became the first country ①to land humans on the Moon, which was a huge achievement. However, space travel is not easy. The environment in space is too harsh ②to survive without special equipment. Many countries have sent robots ③to study Mars, but only ④to find that it is a cold and lifeless planet. Still, the desire ⑤to understand the universe keeps pushing us forward. 【自主发现】 以上语段中,①、⑤为不定式作______________;②、③、④为不定式作状语,其中②、④作______________状语,③作______________状语。  【语法详解】 动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成。to是不定式标志,无意义,有时可省略。其否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。这里重点讲解动词不定式作定语和状语的用法。 1.动词不定式作定语 (1)动词不定式作定语,常放在被修饰的名词后面作后置定语,表示尚未发生的动作。 如:I have an important meeting to attend.我有一个重要的会议要参加。 (2)名词被形容词最高级、序数词或all, any, no, only等限定词限定,且不定式里的动词与名词为主动关系,后接不定式(短语)作定语。 如:She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是第一位奥运会上获得金牌的女性。 (3) 常用在抽象名词attempt,ability,belief,chance,decision,desire,effort,determination,means,plan,promise, right,time,way,wish或不定代词something, nothing等后面作后置定语。 如:Women have no right to vote and to be voted in that country. 在那个国家,女性没有选举权和被选举权。 (4)不定式里的动词与被修饰的词有动宾关系,且句中有该不定式的逻辑主语时,该不定式通常用主动形式表被动意义;若是不及物动词,其后还要加上适当的介词。 The manager is particular about the paper to write on. 经理对写字的纸很挑剔。 2.动词不定式作状语 动词不定式作状语可表示目的、结果及原因等,其逻辑主语是句子的主语,故常用主动形式。 (1)表目的:也可用于so as to和in order to之后表示强调。 如:In ancient China, food was stored with ice to keep fresh. 在中国古代,食物为了保鲜同冰一起贮存。 (2)表结果:常用于enough to, so…as to, such…as to, only to以及too…to等结构中。 如:I’m not such a fool as to believe him.我还不至于傻到相信他。 注意:不定式短语表示结果时,常与only 连用,暗示一种意外的结果。 如:He hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had left.他急匆匆赶到火车站,结果却发现火车已经开走了。 (3)表原因:常用于表示情绪和心理活动的形容词之后。 如:I feel greatly honoured to be invited to attend this party. 被邀请参加这次聚会,我感到十分荣幸。 (4)用在“be+性质形容词+不定式”结构中。常见的形容词有:comfortable, dangerous, difficult, easy, fit, good, hard, heavy, interesting, impossible, light, pleasant, safe等。 如:This sofa is very comfortable to sit on.这个沙发坐起来很舒适。 【实战演练】 ●单句填空 1.I was watching the clock all through the meeting as I had a train__________________(catch).   2.George returned after the war, only__________________(tell) that his wife had left him.   3.This is the best way we can think of__________________(reduce) the waste of water in students’ bathrooms.   4.The airport__________________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.   5.Our tour includes a chance__________________(walk) in the footstep of Van Gogh and Gauguin.   6.It’s said that Jackson is the best man__________________(do) the job.   7.His ability__________________(get) on well with people is his chief advantage.   8.He’s always the first one__________________(come) to the classroom.   9.Group activities will be organized after class__________________(help) children develop team spirit.   10.__________________(enjoy) the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smartphones.   ●语法与写作 1.On behalf of the Students’ Union, I’d like to extend warm welcome to you all to the Traditional Chinese Culture Week__________________in the Arts Centre.(hold)我谨代表学生会对参加即将在艺术中心举办的中国传统文化周的各位来宾表示热烈的欢迎。   2.______________________________________________________, schools should reduce the academic burden of students and increase the time of outdoor activities.(deal with)为了解决这个日益严重的问题,学校应该减轻学生的学习负担,增加户外活动的时间。   3.______________________________________________________, a clothes and quilt folding competition was held in our school last Sunday.(in order to)为了培养学生的基本生活技能,上周日我们学校举办了一场叠衣服和叠被子的比赛。   4.[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写] I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in,________________________________: “Out of order. Sorry.” 我从车里跳出来,疯了似的朝那台机器跑去,把卡插了进去,结果却看到信息:“机器故障。抱歉。” 5.Unless you can sleep well, you will________________, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. (focus)   除非你能睡个好觉,否则在一两个晚上之后,你就会失去专注、计划和保持动力的能力。 参考答案 语法归纳 【自主发现】 定语; 结果; 目的 【实战演练】 Ⅰ.1.to catch　2.to be told　3.to reduce　4.to be completed　5.to walk　6.to do　7.to get　8.to come 9.to help　10.To enjoy Ⅱ.1.to be held 2.To deal with the increasingly serious problem 3.In order to develop students’ basic life skills 4.only to read the message 5.lose the ability to focus 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $