2026年中考英语阅读理解做题技巧之说明文课件

中考英语阅读理解 做题技巧之说明文 2 考情定位——说明文考什么? 中考定位:高频必考,侧重“信息获取与逻辑分析” 考查频率:中考英语阅读必考1篇,占阅读总分25%-30%(4篇阅读中常为第3篇,难度中等偏上)。 核心目标:重点考查“快速抓取说明对象及特征”“理解说明顺序与方法”“分析文章逻辑结构”的能力,凸显英语的信息传递功能。 选材特点:主题贴近生活与科技(如动植物特性、科技发明、生活常识、文化习俗、环境保护),语言客观严谨,篇幅100-130词。 常考题型:4类核心设问,聚焦“说明核心” 题型类型 占比 设问示例 说明对象/特征题 30% 例1:What is the passage mainly about? 例2:What is the special feature of the new robot? 细节理解题 30% 例1:How does the plant get water in the desert? 例2:When was the first smartphone invented? 说明方法/顺序题 20% 例1:What method does the writer use to explain the idea in Paragraph 2? 例2:What’s the writing order of the passage? 推理判断题 20% 例1:What can we infer from the last paragraph? 例2:Why is the new technology important for us? 本质剖析——说明文“长什么样” 三大核心要素:读懂说明文的“关键抓手” 说明对象:文章围绕其展开说明的事物或事理(如“the polar bear”“how to save energy”),多在标题或首段明确提出。 说明特征:说明对象的独特属性(如北极熊的“耐寒性”、新能源的“环保性”),常通过“first/also/most importantly”等逻辑词引出。 说明目的:介绍事物的特征、解释事理的原理、告知实用的方法(核心是“传递信息”,而非表达情感或讲述故事)。 两大核心特征:区分说明文与其他文体的“关键” 语言特征:客观、准确、严谨 多用客观陈述语气,避免主观情感词汇(如少用“happy/sad”,多用“function/feature/advantage”)。 常用精准词汇与限定词(如“about 50%”“mainly”“usually” “perhaps”),体现说明的准确性。 专业术语适度出现(如“photosynthesis”“solar energy”),但多会结合上下文给出解释或提示。 6 两大核心特征:区分说明文与其他文体的“关键” 结构特征:逻辑清晰,层次分明 常见结构:总—分(先总述说明对象,再分点介绍特征)、总—分— 总(结尾补充总结)、并列式(多个特征平行介绍) 逻辑连接词密集:转折(but/however)、递进(besides/also)、 因果(so/therefore)、对比(while/on the other hand),帮助梳理层次。 中考高频说明顺序与说明方法 三大说明顺序(中考重点) 时间顺序:按事物发展、演变的先后过程介绍(如发明史、生长过程); 标志词:first/then/next/finally/in 2020/later。 空间顺序:按事物的空间方位或结构布局介绍(如建筑构造、动物身体部位); 标志词:on the left/above/below/inside/outside。 逻辑顺序:按事物或事理的内在逻辑关系介绍(最常考,如“现象—原因” “特征—用途”“总—分”“概括—具体”); 标志词:because/so/for example/firstly/secondly。 中考高频说明顺序与说明方法 四大说明方法 题型类型 识别标志 作用 举例子 for example/for instance/such as 通过列举……的例子,具体、形象地说明了……(说明对象的特征),使说明更易懂。 列数字 具体数字(如30%/5 meters /2023年) 用准确的数据说明了……(说明对象的特征),使说明更精准、更有说服力。 作比较 than/compared with/on the other hand 将……与……作比较,突出强调了……(说明对象的某一特征),使说明更鲜明。 下定义 is called/is defined as/means 准确、科学地揭示了……(说明对象)的本质特征,使读者对其有清晰的认识。 解题策略——“抓核心、理逻辑”突破说明文 说明对象/特征题——“找总起句,抓逻辑词” 优先读标题和首段首句,若首段为“引子”(如讲故事、提问题),重点看第二段首句,快速锁定说明对象。 找逻辑词(firstly/also/besides/most importantly),这些词后常紧跟说明对象的核心特征。 排除“细节干扰项”:选项若只涉及某一个小特征(而非整体),则不是说明对象的核心。 说明对象/特征题——“找总起句,抓逻辑词” 示例: 标题“Electric Cars: A Green Choice for the Future” 说明对象为“electric cars”; 首段“Electric cars have many advantages. Firstly, they are environmentally friendly. Secondly, they save money on fuel.” 核心特征为“environmentally friendly”和“save fuel”。 细节理解题——“定位关键词,锁定信息区” 从题干中圈出关键词(如“how/why/what+说明对象特征”,如“how do electric cars save energy”)。 回原文找关键词或同义替换词(如“save energy” “reduce fuel consumption”),定位到对应的段落。 对比选项与原文细节,注意“数字、限定词(mainly/only/always)”,避免被“偷换概念”“夸大事实”的选项误导。 说明方法/顺序题——“抓标志,析作用” 说明方法题:根据“识别标志”(如看到“for example” 举例子 ;看到具体数字 列数字)快速判断。 说明顺序题:看全文逻辑连接词(时间顺序找“first/then/时间点” ;空间顺序找“方位词”;逻辑顺序找“because/so/firstly”),结合说明对象的属性判断(如“发明史” 时间顺序;“事物特征” 逻辑顺序)。 推理判断题——“依原文,理逻辑” 立足原文细节推理,不加入个人主观判断(如原文说“electric cars are becoming more popular”,不可推断“all people will drive electric cars”)。 关注因果关系(because/so/therefore),推理需紧扣“原因 结果”或“结果 原因”的逻辑(如原文“Electric cars produce no pollution, so they are good for the environment.” 推断“reducing pollution is important for environmental protection”)。 结尾段常隐含作者的态度或未来趋势,是推理题的重点区域(如结尾“With new technology, electric cars will be cheaper in the future.” 推断“more people may buy electric cars later”)。 14 真题实战——学以致用 宁夏 中考真题 ①Making healthy choices is important. Eating the right food, staying active and getting enough sleep can help your body in lots of ways. ②Picking the right food gives you the energy to do all the things you love. It also helps your body grow and your brain develop. Eating things such as fruits, vegetables and whole grains (全谷物) is good for your health. However, being healthy doesn’t mean you can never eat snacks. It’s about making sure you have a balanced diet. “When you choose a balanced diet, you’ll have more energy, feel better and be able to do the things you love,” Lucy Upton, a children’s dietitian (营养学家), says. ③Another healthy choice you can make is being active—whether it’s sports, going for a walk or playing a game of “it”. Being active helps your brain make special chemicals. These chemicals can relax your body and calm your mind. Being active can help your body and your mind stay fighting fit. Feeling fit can make you feel better and more confident about yourself. When you play a ball game with others, you can even make new friends. 15 ④Finally, getting enough sleep is also very important. Sleep helps your body grow. While you sleep, your brain is busy building new connections and your body is repairing itself. Preparing properly for bedtime helps you stay asleep. A good way to tire yourself out is by getting plenty of exercise during the day, like walking to and from school or doing sports. Take an hour or two to rest or relax after a period of activities before bed. Don’t drink tea or coffee, and turn off phones, computers and video games. Try reading a book instead. ⑤Remember: making healthy choices is key to keep your body and your mind fit and strong. Let’s get started now! 16 1. What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指)? A. Eating many snacks. B. Having more energy. C. Eating the right food. D. Doing the things you love. 1找 2定 17 ①Making healthy choices is important. Eating the right food, staying active and getting enough sleep can help your body in lots of ways. ②Picking the right food gives you the energy to do all the things you love. It also helps your body grow and your brain develop. Eating things such as fruits, vegetables and whole grains (全谷物) is good for your health. However, being healthy doesn’t mean you can never eat snacks. It’s about making sure you have a balanced diet. “When you choose a balanced diet, you’ll have more energy, feel better and be able to do the things you love,” Lucy Upton, a children’s dietitian (营养学家), says. ③Another healthy choice you can make is being active—whether it’s sports, going for a walk or playing a game of “it”. Being active helps your brain make special chemicals. These chemicals can relax your body and calm your mind. Being active can help your body and your mind stay fighting fit. Feeling fit can make you feel better and more confident about yourself. When you play a ball game with others, you can even make new friends. 18 1. What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指)? A. Eating many snacks. B. Having more energy. C. Eating the right food. D. Doing the things you love. 3比 本文主要介绍如何做出健康的选择。 【小题1】词句猜测题。根据“Picking the right food gives you the energy to do all the things you love. It also helps your body grow and your brain develop.”可知,选择恰当的食物能为你提供所需的能量,让你能够尽情享受自己喜爱的一切活动。此外,它还有助于身体的生长以及大脑的发育。由此推知,It指代的是“选择恰当的食物”,故选C。 19 2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The ways of keeping fit. B. The benefits of keeping active. C. The importance of being confident. D. The advice about making new friends. 1找 2定 20 ①Making healthy choices is important. Eating the right food, staying active and getting enough sleep can help your body in lots of ways. ②Picking the right food gives you the energy to do all the things you love. It also helps your body grow and your brain develop. Eating things such as fruits, vegetables and whole grains (全谷物) is good for your health. However, being healthy doesn’t mean you can never eat snacks. It’s about making sure you have a balanced diet. “When you choose a balanced diet, you’ll have more energy, feel better and be able to do the things you love,” Lucy Upton, a children’s dietitian (营养学家), says. ③Another healthy choice you can make is being active—whether it’s sports, going for a walk or playing a game of “it”. Being active helps your brain make special chemicals. These chemicals can relax your body and calm your mind. Being active can help your body and your mind stay fighting fit. Feeling fit can make you feel better and more confident about yourself. When you play a ball game with others, you can even make new friends. 21 2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The ways of keeping fit. B. The benefits of keeping active. C. The importance of being confident. D. The advice about making new friends. 3比 【小题2】主旨大意题。根活第三段内容可知本段主要介绍保持活跃的益处,故选B。 22 3. Which activity is recommended for better sleep according to the passage? A. Drinking green tea before bed. B. Doing some reading before bed. C. Playing video games before bed. D. Doing plenty of exercise before bed. 1找 2定 23 ④Finally, getting enough sleep is also very important. Sleep helps your body grow. While you sleep, your brain is busy building new connections and your body is repairing itself. Preparing properly for bedtime helps you stay asleep. A good way to tire yourself out is by getting plenty of exercise during the day, like walking to and from school or doing sports. Take an hour or two to rest or relax after a period of activities before bed. Don’t drink tea or coffee, and turn off phones, computers and video games. Try reading a book instead. ⑤Remember: making healthy choices is key to keep your body and your mind fit and strong. Let’s get started now! 24 3. Which activity is recommended for better sleep according to the passage? A. Drinking green tea before bed. B. Doing some reading before bed. C. Playing video games before bed. D. Doing plenty of exercise before bed. 3比 【小题3】细节理解题。根据“Don't drink tea or coffee, and turn off phones, computers and video games. Try reading a book instead.”可知,为了更好的睡眠,建议睡前读点书。故选B。 25 4. Which of the following shows the structure(结构) of the passage? A. B. C. D. 1找 2定 26 ①Making healthy choices is important. Eating the right food, staying active and getting enough sleep can help your body in lots of ways. ②Picking the right food gives you the energy to do all the things you love. It also helps your body grow and your brain develop. Eating things such as fruits, vegetables and whole grains (全谷物) is good for your health. However, being healthy doesn’t mean you can never eat snacks. It’s about making sure you have a balanced diet. “When you choose a balanced diet, you’ll have more energy, feel better and be able to do the things you love,” Lucy Upton, a children’s dietitian (营养学家), says. ③Another healthy choice you can make is being active—whether it’s sports, going for a walk or playing a game of “it”. Being active helps your brain make special chemicals. These chemicals can relax your body and calm your mind. Being active can help your body and your mind stay fighting fit. Feeling fit can make you feel better and more confident about yourself. When you play a ball game with others, you can even make new friends. 引入 分述 27 ④Finally, getting enough sleep is also very important. Sleep helps your body grow. While you sleep, your brain is busy building new connections and your body is repairing itself. Preparing properly for bedtime helps you stay asleep. A good way to tire yourself out is by getting plenty of exercise during the day, like walking to and from school or doing sports. Take an hour or two to rest or relax after a period of activities before bed. Don’t drink tea or coffee, and turn off phones, computers and video games. Try reading a book instead. ⑤Remember: making healthy choices is key to keep your body and your mind fit and strong. Let’s get started now! 分述 总结 28 4. Which of the following shows the structure(结构) of the passage? A. B. C. D. . 3比 【小题4】篇章结构题。根据文章内容可知,第一段引入话题,第二、三、四段分别讲述做出健康选择的三个方面,第五段总结全文。故选D。 29 易错点规避与备考建议 三大“避雷指南” 易错点1:混淆“说明对象”与“细节” 主旨题中,若选项只涉及某一个小特征,不是全文主旨,需聚焦“整体特征/优势”。 易错点2:误解说明方法的“作用” 答说明方法作用时,必须紧扣“说明对象的特征”。 易错点3:忽略逻辑连接词 逻辑词(but/so/besides)后常是核心信息,遗漏会导致细节题或推理题失分。 30 三大备考建议 建议1:精读真题 梳理近3年中考说明文,标注“说明对象、特征、说明方法、逻辑连接词”,总结高频主题(如科技、环保、动植物。 建议2:积累核心词汇 记忆说明文中的高频词汇(如feature/advantage/disadvantage/ invent/develop/environment/energy)及逻辑连接词,助力快速理解逻辑。 建议3:强化方法训练 针对“说明方法作用”“说明顺序判断”专项练习,熟练运用答题模板,避免答题不规范。 31 真题模拟——即学即练 广东广州 中考真题 Libraries around the world still keep old books hundreds of years old. But will we be able to read today’s digital (数字的) books in hundreds of years? Librarians are worried. Even now, we can’t open some files (文件) from 20 or 25 years ago. Will our digital works be lost in a digital black hole? Will we face the loss of valuable information? Technology is changing fast. Old ways of keeping information are gone now, or they are no longer supported by new technology. For example, many people used floppy discs (软盘) to save files years ago, but today few machines can open them. Also, millions of songs and music pieces were saved on tapes or CDs, but now most old music players no longer work. Another problem is that websites often change or close down, and all the information on them can fall into the digital black hole. 32 Books, however, are quite easy to keep. We don’t need special tools or technology to read them. If you keep them in a dry and safe place, they will stay safe for a long time. Li Shizhen’s great medical book Ben Cao Gang Mu came out in 1593. Amazingly, three copies from the first printing still survive today. That’s not bad for a book more than 400 years old. Today, to some researchers, printed books remain a safe way to keep information. In 2014, a professional group began to raise money to print a famous online encyclopedia into 1,000 books. This would make sure that even if digital technology fails, the knowledge can still be kept. For now, when it comes to storing information, printed copies seem to be the safest choice. However, future technology might develop and provide new ways to solve the problem of the digital black hole. Time will tell. 33 1. What happens if our digital works fall into a digital black hole? A. They are carefully kept. B. They cannot be understood. C. They cannot be read or reached. D. They are saved in a wrong place. 2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. How music players are developing. B. How technology is changing over time. C. Why old machines are no longer used today. D. Why technology may cause information loss. 34 3. Why does the writer mention Ben Cao Gang Mu? A. To discuss why this book is still important. B. To show printed books can last for a long time. C. To explain how easy it is to keep printed books. D. To tell when the earliest printed book came out. 4. What would the writer most probably agree with? A. Libraries should keep more digital books. B. Digital books are less valuable than printed ones. C. Technology will soon solve the problem of the digital black hole. D. Technology is still looking for better ways to keep information. 35 $