精品解析：上海市嘉定区2025-2026学年高三年级质量调研二模英语试卷

2025学年高三年级质量调研 英语试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why Book-to-Film Adaptations Often Disappoint When a beloved book is adapted into a film, fans often experience a mix of excitement and anxiety. They look forward to seeing a familiar story on screen but worry that the film might not live up to the images they have imagined while reading. This reaction arises from how we read. For many, novels are not just stories; they are visual experiences ____1____ (carry) in the mind. Reading involves ____2____ (create) mental images of characters, settings, and events. These images, ____3____ they are general or detailed, form part of the enjoyment of reading. We rarely notice them until there is something wrong with them. Once a film version doesn’t match our imagined images, disappointment follows. We might find ourselves thinking, “That’s not how I ____4____ (picture) it.” Interestingly, this isn’t new. It has existed ____5____ the long history of storytelling. In the 19th century, when illustrations started appearing in books, readers began to feel a similar discomfort. The visual representations in books, such as those in Charles Dickens’ novels, were seen as a threat to readers’ mental imagery. Once an illustration had been seen by a reader, the character or scene was likely ____6____ (imagine) differently. Yet not everyone felt disappointed by illustrations. For people ____7____ struggle to visualize while reading, illustrations could enhance their experience. Around 4% of the population lacks the ability to turn words into pictures, and for them, illustrations in books or films may be more enjoyable, ____8____ they have no pre-existing images to compare them to. For most of us who do visualize, though, the gap between what a film shows and our mental images can lead to disappointment. However, this doesn’t mean the film is a failure. Instead, it offers an insight into ____9____ personal our engagement with novels really is. Therefore, rather than criticize an adaptation, we ____10____ reflect on why it differs from our imagined version and what that reveals about our perceptions. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. adoption B. broad C. economy D. gender-neutral E. organized F. purely G. respect H. rewarded I. similarly J. spare K. uncomfortable Learn Chinese in One Word In recent years, people have talked a lot about the word “they” in English. Many believe this is helpful because it includes both males and females. Yet, English is not the only language that has been experimenting with a(n) ____11____ expression. French speakers often use “iel,” a combination of “il” (he) and “elle” (she). In Chinese, there is also an interesting idea. In 2015, some internet users suggested a new written form: X也. By combining the letter “X” with parts of the Chinese characters used for “he” and “she”, this symbol still reads as “ta” used for both men and women in spoken Chinese. In this ____12____, the new symbol does not change how people speak. Instead, it formalizes something that already exists in the language. After the character was added to Unicode, the international system for digital text, it became easier to type. This helped the wider ____13____ of the symbol online. However, the situation in English is different. In English, some people still feel ____14____ with “they”. Many speakers insist that “they” should only refer to more than one person instead of singular words like “someone”. Chinese is different. Since the spoken language already uses one sound for both genders, the new symbol is a(n) ____15____ visual change. This small change in writing also highlights something curious about the Chinese language on a(n) ____16____ scale. The language relies heavily on context to express meaning. It has no word exactly like the English article “the,” and time is often understood from the situation rather than from verb endings. Therefore, Chinese can express ideas with surprising ____17____, using only a few words. For example, a long sentence such as “The relationships among the Seven Warring States were constantly changing” can be presented as “Relationship between Warring States is constant change.” English, despite its reputation for accuracy, ____18____ leaves much to context. Verbs in English have only three endings: “-s”, “-ing” and “-ed”. Compared with languages like Russian, where verbs have more than 60 endings, English grammar looks quite ____19____. Learning a new language therefore goes beyond learning new vocabulary. It also means understanding how meaning is _____20_____ in different languages. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In ancient history, the soldiers of Sparta were known for their strong commitment to the group. It is believed that they fought fearlessly because they put the ____21____ above any individual soldier. This idea of ____22____ oneself for the community can also be observed in the tiny world of bacteria. Scientists have recently discovered how a bacterial ____23____ system, named SPARDA, uses a similar strategy to protect bacterial groups from virus attacks. A new study, led by biochemist Mindaugas Zaremba at Vilnius University, published in Cell Research, explained how this system works on a ____24____ level. By studying SPARDA in different bacteria, the team identified an important part of the system they called the beta-relay. The beta-relay works like a ____25____ in the SPARDA system. When there is no danger, it stays “off,” and the proteins in it remain ____26____. Once foreign DNA, such as a virus, is ____27____, the beta-relay changes its shape and turns “on.” This transformation allows its proteins to connect with each other, forming long chains to ____28____ the enemy as well as the host. “SPARDA systems were demonstrated to protect bacteria from viruses by degrading the DNA of both ____29____ cells and viruses. They killed the host but at the same time prevented further spread of the infection within the bacterial population.” Zaremba said. SPARDA is essential for bacterial defense, but Zaremba’s team argues that the system could also help ____30____ in medical diagnosis. SPARDA is the final line for bacterial cells, which is activated only when an infection is present. Therefore, SPARDA includes an accurate ____31____ mechanism for spotting foreign DNA that would launch self-destruction. Researchers could ____32____ the system for medical diagnostics, Zaremba suggested, which means the beta-relay could be altered to function only when the target gene is identified. ____33____, imagine it would react only to the genetic material of HIV. But the benefits of SPARDA don’t stop there. Traditional diagnostic tools have an obvious ____34____: they can only work when viruses contain a specific genetic code called PAM. “We already know that SPARDA systems do not require PAM,” Zaremba said. “This makes SPARDA more ____35____, and it could help scientists detect a wider variety of germs and viruses. Understanding how this system works may help us solve some of the big challenges in science.” 21. A. king B. battle C. state D. honour 22. A. enjoying B. protecting C. celebrating D. sacrificing 23. A. control B. defense C. network D. information 24. A. micro B. global C. practical D. historical 25. A. bridge B. barrier C. switch D. vehicle 26. A. inactive B. unsure C. available D. energetic 27. A. revised B. detected C. released D. eliminated 28. A. destroy B. restore C. examine D. identify 29. A. infected B. healthy C. foreign D. unknown 30. A. humans B. planets C. organisms D. ecosystems 31. A. regulation B. measurement C. recognition D. transportation 32. A. reduce B. return C. reproduce D. repurpose 33. A. In fact B. As a result C. In addition D. For example 34. A. danger B. feature C. advantage D. limitation 35. A. rigid B. risky C. flexible D. innovative Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) My first journey to Norway began with an accident that almost killed me on the deck of a deep-sea fishing boat. One afternoon, having finished my task, I climbed the ladder to the deck. I had scarcely lifted my head when the sky disappeared. In its place came a heavy iron cage, swinging with blind force and hitting me right in the face. I remember no pain at first — only darkness. When I recovered my senses, I was on my hands and knees. My cheek was torn, and my teeth lay broken in my mouth. An older fisherman, Arneson, found me and carried me to my room. During the slow days that followed, he accompanied me and spoke of his boyhood in Andalsnes, among Norway’s fjords (峡湾) and mountains of such beauty that he dared not return. He feared that the real place might destroy the perfect image in his heart. I listened attentively because I had begun to ask myself: was I, like Arneson, just living on an image of who I had been before the accident. His stories, repeated in those long days of recovery, fixed Norway in my imagination as a place where I could find the answer. Thus, when I was well enough to travel, I started my journey, moved less by courage than by a quiet hope for relief. From Norway’s capital I journeyed to Åndalsnes, the town he had described with such gentleness. The following day I climbed Aksla. The path was steep, and the pain in my legs was sharp but honest. Each step seemed like a question: who are you now? At the top, sitting among stones and thin grass, I looked at the silent peaks and understood that the sea had not sent me here by chance. I had crossed water and land only to discover that the journey was inward. I had come to Norway hoping the mountains would heal me. Instead, I learned that a single blow does not merely wound the body; it breaks open the self and sets it wandering. Yet in that wandering I found something steady. My memories, my fears, and the voices of those who had walked beside me formed a quiet fellowship. In their company, I did not find a cure, but I began, at last, to find myself. 36. What accident occurred to the author on the fishing boat? A. Facing a heavy storm. B. Falling from the ladder. C. Being hit by an iron cage. D. Suffering night blindness. 37. Why does the author mention Arneson in paragraph 3? A. To describe the author’s daily life on the boat. B. To introduce what inspired the author’s journey. C. To explain why Norway is an attractive country. D. To show how the author recovered from the accident. 38. What can we infer about the author from Paragraph 4? A. He was weaker than before. B. He reflected on his true self. C. He regretted going to Norway. D. He lost his way on the mountain. 39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. A Fatal Accident B. A Memory of the Sea C. A Friend of Pure Heart D. A Journey of Self-Discovery (B) The word “biodegradable” describes materials that can be broken down naturally by the environment through a process called biodegradation. During this process, fungi (真菌) and tiny microbes like bacteria break down organic matter from plants and animals. The remains become nutrient-rich material that helps new plants grow, forming a repeating and self-sustaining system often called the circle of life. This process is closely linked to the carbon cycle. During the process, plants take in carbon dioxide, animals pass carbon along the food chain, and microorganisms release it back into the air after plants and animals die, which starts a new cycle. Today, “biodegradable” can also describe some products that can break down naturally. Instead of being sent into incinerators (焚化炉) or recycling centres, biodegradable wastes usually end up in landfills. 40. What can we learn from the passage? A. Biodegradable waste is usually burned down. B. Biodegradation happens when there is no oxygen. C. A key part of biodegradation is the removal of carbon. D. Biodegradation is an essential part of the circle of life. 41. The underlined word “assimilate” most probably means ______. A. absorb B. translate C. divide D. destroy 42. Which of the following titles is correctly matched with its illustration? A. ORGANIC MATERIAL B. DECOMPOSITION C. DIGESTION D. BYPRODUCTS (C) Cinemas are full of sequels (续集) and superheroes. Pop charts are led by the same global stars year after year. The internet produces endless trends and sensational cultural products. Has 21st-century culture become repetitive and dull? A new book offers a perspective. In Blank Space, W. David Marx argues that something important has changed. In the early 20th century, movements such as Surrealism (超现实主义) deeply transformed art. The 1960s brought counterculture and rock music. Compared with those creative explosions, today’s culture, which remixes old ideas rather than inventing new ones, can appear cautious. Money, Mr Marx suggests, plays a large role. In pop music, the idea of “selling out” has largely died out while the ultimate measure of value is financial success. Fame is sometimes driven less by artistic talent than by marketing skill and online visibility. Technology has added another layer. In its early days, the internet allowed small communities to experiment and share unusual tastes. Today, however, online platforms often reward speed, exciting and simple messages. Algorithms (算法) favour what keeps users clicking, not what challenges them. As a result, safe and familiar content may crowd out riskier work. Still, his sweeping book oversimplifies the reality. There has always been more litter than gold, and time has simply filtered out the worst so that we just remember the masterpieces and forget the rest. It may be too early to judge the long-term value of today’s creations, which are still competing in a noisy digital marketplace. Moreover, the continued popularity of older works is not a sign of fixedness. Classics endure because they do have an edge over the others, not because nothing new can succeed. Modern culture may appear repetitive, but it is also diverse and widely accessible, and that’s why we can still freely enjoy old masterpieces. Another way to think of 21st-century Western culture is as a history of relative comfort. Chaos in the today’s world has shaken up the arts, but it has been less impactful than the crises that launched the cultural breakthroughs of the early 20th century. In extreme conditions, could today’s creators match the past genius? Let’s hope we will never find out. 43. Which of the following statements might W. David Marx agree with? A. There was more dull art in the past than there is today. B. Audience prefer masterpieces in the past to new ideas today. C. Financial success has become more important than artistic originality. D. Technological progress has made cultural innovation easier than before. 44. Which of the following best reflects the writer’s view of modern culture? A. It is largely shaped by online platforms. B. It’s still too early to judge its true value. C. The success of old works proves its failure. D. It mainly repeats past ideas without anything new. 45. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph imply? A. The author thinks social chaos is necessary. B. The author hopes extreme crises won’t happen. C. The author believes modern artists are superior. D. The author thinks cultural decline will continue. 46. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To question a book’s argument about culture. B. To compare modern culture with classical culture. C. To prove that modern culture is completely empty. D. To explain how technology influences modern culture. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Sciencewashing of Everyday Life There stands a display model of a face mask in my local beauty store. Its package is covered with words like “patents”, “peptides”, and “double helix”. I have no idea what any of this means. But this is science. The mask costs $75. ____47____ Brands describe themselves as “biology-first” or “powered by biotech.” Creams promise to work “at a molecular (分子) level.” Lipsticks contain acids with “different molecular weights.” Water is sold with extra hydrogen (氢), as if two atoms were no longer enough. Even sports drinks, which once relied on images of sweating athletes, now proudly announce that they are “lab tested.” In a crowded market, science has become the new symbol of quality. Marketing has always borrowed from science, but it used to be more direct. A cereal contained fiber, and fiber was good for you. ____48____ They were informed but plainspoken, employing the simple logic of cause and effect. They talked, basically, like a family medicine doctor. Today’s ads, by contrast, talk like the Ph.D. kind of doctor. They use long, complex words and refer to things viewable only under a microscope. The goal is not always to explain, but to confuse. ____49____ “People like buying products that are research-backed,” said Neil Lewis Jr., a behavioral scientist at Cornell. “But most people, they are not professional enough to actually evaluate those claims. They don’t have the time or specific knowledge, so they just look for some signals. That gives their everyday consumption a serious, almost academic appearance.” But here is the problem. ____50____ Government financial support has weakened, people’s trust in scientists has fallen, and many researchers have left public institutions. It is unsettling to imagine we are approaching a world in which scientists are employed not by independent institutions but only by companies — a world where science itself serves as advertising. A. A cream had vitamin C, and vitamin C helped skin. B. Many of the claims are reasonable, while others are meaningless nonsense. C. When science is being used to sell creams and drinks, science as a public good is under threat. D. Across fashion, beauty, and food, scientific language has become a powerful sales tool. E. In fact, science in the private interest doesn’t necessarily work like that. F. No one is looking up an academic study to make sure the claims on their package are accurate. Ⅳ. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. The Power of Hesitation Hesitation is often seen as a weakness. At the Olympics, athletes must choose the exact moment to start. In these events, even a tiny delay can mean losing a gold medal. For these athletes, hesitation is dangerous. Some mental health conditions are also related to hesitation. OCD (强迫症) is linked to lack of hesitation while anxiety disorders may cause too much hesitation, making it hard for people to act at all. Recently, neuroscientists have been studying how the brain decides when to act and when to wait. They designed a simple decision-making experiment in which mice heard three different sounds. Some sounds clearly meant they would receive a drop of sugar water. Other sounds meant no reward. A third sound meant there was only a 50 percent chance of getting the reward. Interestingly, the mice hesitated longer when the outcome was uncertain. Even though their behaviour did not change the result, they still paused before acting. This means that hesitation is not simply confusion. Instead, it is an active brain process that responds to uncertainty. The findings suggest that, rather than a weakness to overcome, hesitation appears to be a fundamental brain feature that helps us deal with an uncertain world and avoid costly mistakes.. Researchers also found a special group of brain cells that became active only when the mice hesitated. These cells are located in a brain area called the basal ganglia, which is also affected in Parkinson’s disease, OCD, and addictions. This connection may provide possible targets for future treatments. Hesitation is not simply a flaw but a useful and necessary brain function. By helping individuals respond carefully to uncertainty, it protects people from mistakes and may also provide new directions for treating mental health disorders. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 春节的意义体现在和谁一起过年，而非在哪里过年。(lie)(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 53. 借助光影，学生们开启了一段科学与艺术交融的探索之旅。(join)(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 54. 来到这座南方小城三十年，所见飘雪，成规模者，数场而已。(since)(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 55. 当技术回归服务于人的目的，城市的每一次智能化升级就能听见普通人的声音。(account)(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ Ⅵ. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生王明，校园英语报“数字生活”板块正在策划特别系列“我的视频清单”，向全体高三学生征集稿件，邀请大家分享自己喜爱的网络视频。你对此很感兴趣，撰写一篇文章，内容如下： 1）对你喜爱看的网络视频进行分类； 2）具体说明每一类视频的特征，以及它们对你的影响或意义。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025学年高三年级质量调研 英语试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why Book-to-Film Adaptations Often Disappoint When a beloved book is adapted into a film, fans often experience a mix of excitement and anxiety. They look forward to seeing a familiar story on screen but worry that the film might not live up to the images they have imagined while reading. This reaction arises from how we read. For many, novels are not just stories; they are visual experiences ____1____ (carry) in the mind. Reading involves ____2____ (create) mental images of characters, settings, and events. These images, ____3____ they are general or detailed, form part of the enjoyment of reading. We rarely notice them until there is something wrong with them. Once a film version doesn’t match our imagined images, disappointment follows. We might find ourselves thinking, “That’s not how I ____4____ (picture) it.” Interestingly, this isn’t new. It has existed ____5____ the long history of storytelling. In the 19th century, when illustrations started appearing in books, readers began to feel a similar discomfort. The visual representations in books, such as those in Charles Dickens’ novels, were seen as a threat to readers’ mental imagery. Once an illustration had been seen by a reader, the character or scene was likely ____6____ (imagine) differently. Yet not everyone felt disappointed by illustrations. For people ____7____ struggle to visualize while reading, illustrations could enhance their experience. Around 4% of the population lacks the ability to turn words into pictures, and for them, illustrations in books or films may be more enjoyable, ____8____ they have no pre-existing images to compare them to. For most of us who do visualize, though, the gap between what a film shows and our mental images can lead to disappointment. However, this doesn’t mean the film is a failure. Instead, it offers an insight into ____9____ personal our engagement with novels really is. Therefore, rather than criticize an adaptation, we ____10____ reflect on why it differs from our imagined version and what that reveals about our perceptions. 【答案】1. carried 2. creating 3. whether 4. have pictured##pictured 5. throughout##in 6. to be imagined 7. who##that 8. because##for##since##as 9. how 10. ought to##should 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要探讨了书改电影常令人失望的原因，核心在于读者阅读时在脑海中构建的私人画面与影视呈现之间的差距。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：对许多人而言，小说不仅仅是故事，更是在脑海中呈现的视觉体验。句中已有谓语动词are，故空处需填非谓语动词，此处修饰名词visual experiences，作后置定语，且carry(承载)与experiences之间是被动关系，需用过去分词。故填carried。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：阅读包含在脑海中构建人物、场景和事件的心像。固定搭配involve doing sth. 意为“包含 / 需要做某事”，需用动名词形式作宾语。故填creating。 【3题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：这些画面，无论笼统还是细致，都构成了阅读乐趣的一部分。固定结构whether...or... 意为 “无论…… 还是……”，引导让步状语从句，符合语境。故填whether。 【4题详解】 考查现在完成时。句意：我们可能会想：“这可不是我原本一直想象的样子。” 此处强调从过去阅读开始到现在，心中一直存在的那个“想象”，与现在的电影画面形成对比，需用现在完成时强调动作的持续或对现在的影响。也可以表示过去的想象，用一般过去时。故填have pictured/pictured。 【5题详解】 考查介词。句意：这在漫长的叙事史中一直存在。用介词throughout表示“贯穿、遍及整个历史”，或者也可以使用in，表示“在…… 历史中”。故填throughout/in。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦读者看过一幅插图，这个人物或场景很可能就会被以不同的方式去想象了。be likely to do sth.意为 “可能做某事”；且主语character or scene与imagine之间是被动关系，需用不定式的被动式。故填to be imagined。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：对于那些阅读时难以构建心像的人来说，插图可以提升他们的体验。空处引导定语从句，先行词是people，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。 【8题详解】 考查原因状语从句。句意：约有4%的人无法将文字转化为画面，对他们而言，书中或电影里的插图可能更令人愉悦，因为他们没有预先存在的心像可以与之对比。后半句是解释前半句原因的原因状语从句，because/for/since/as 均可表示原因。故填because/for/since/as。 【9题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：相反，它让我们深刻认识到，我们与小说的互动是多么个人化。此处是感叹句作宾语从句，修饰形容词personal，需用how引导，构成“How + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语！”的结构。故填how。 【10题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：因此，与其批评改编作品，我们应该思考一下它为何与我们想象的版本不同，以及这反映出我们的认知是怎样的。此处表示建议或责任，与上一句的Therefore相呼应，ought to/should意为 “应该”，符合语境。故填ought to/should。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. adoption B. broad C. economy D. gender-neutral E. organized F. purely G. respect H. rewarded I. similarly J. spare K. uncomfortable Learn Chinese in One Word In recent years, people have talked a lot about the word “they” in English. Many believe this is helpful because it includes both males and females. Yet, English is not the only language that has been experimenting with a(n) ____11____ expression. French speakers often use “iel,” a combination of “il” (he) and “elle” (she). In Chinese, there is also an interesting idea. In 2015, some internet users suggested a new written form: X也. By combining the letter “X” with parts of the Chinese characters used for “he” and “she”, this symbol still reads as “ta” used for both men and women in spoken Chinese. In this ____12____, the new symbol does not change how people speak. Instead, it formalizes something that already exists in the language. After the character was added to Unicode, the international system for digital text, it became easier to type. This helped the wider ____13____ of the symbol online. However, the situation in English is different. In English, some people still feel ____14____ with “they”. Many speakers insist that “they” should only refer to more than one person instead of singular words like “someone”. Chinese is different. Since the spoken language already uses one sound for both genders, the new symbol is a(n) ____15____ visual change. This small change in writing also highlights something curious about the Chinese language on a(n) ____16____ scale. The language relies heavily on context to express meaning. It has no word exactly like the English article “the,” and time is often understood from the situation rather than from verb endings. Therefore, Chinese can express ideas with surprising ____17____, using only a few words. For example, a long sentence such as “The relationships among the Seven Warring States were constantly changing” can be presented as “Relationship between Warring States is constant change.” English, despite its reputation for accuracy, ____18____ leaves much to context. Verbs in English have only three endings: “-s”, “-ing” and “-ed”. Compared with languages like Russian, where verbs have more than 60 endings, English grammar looks quite ____19____. Learning a new language therefore goes beyond learning new vocabulary. It also means understanding how meaning is _____20_____ in different languages. 【答案】11. D 12. G 13. A 14. K 15. F 16. B 17. C 18. I 19. J 20. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中英两种语言在性别中性表达上的不同演变方式，并对比了汉语与英语在语境依赖、语法简洁度上的语言特点。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，英语并不是唯一一种一直在尝试性别中性表达的语言。空处需填形容词作作定语，上文提到 “they”可同时指代男性和女性，具有包容性，因此此处指性别中性的表达，gender-neutral表示“性别中性的”，符合句意。故填D。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：在这方面，这个新符号并没有改变人们的说话方式。空处需填名词作宾语，根据前文“this symbol still reads as “ta” used for both men and women in spoken Chinese”可知，这个符号读音仍为“ta”，在汉语口语中可同时指代男性和女性，说明在这方面，这个新符号并没有改变人们的说话方式。固定搭配in this respect表示“在这方面，从这一点来看”。故填G。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：这有助于该符号在网络上更广泛地被采用。空处需填名词作宾语，根据后文“ the symbol online”及前文提到该字形被加入国际数字编码，更易输入，因此促进了它的普及和使用。adoption表示“采用，采纳”。故填A。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在英语中，有些人仍然对使用单数“they”感到不舒服。空处需填形容词作表语，根据后文“Many speakers insist that “they” should only refer to more than one person instead of singular words like “someone””提到很多人认为“they”只能指复数，说明他们对此用法感到不适、别扭，uncomfortable表示“不舒服的”。故填K。 【15题详解】 考查副词。句意：由于汉语口语中两种性别本就同音，这个新符号只是纯粹的视觉变化。空处需填副词修饰形容词visual，强调变化仅仅、纯粹停留在书写层面，purely表示“纯粹地”，符合句意。故填F。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这一书写上的微小变化，也在更广泛的层面凸显了汉语的奇妙特点。空处需填形容词修饰名词scale，短语on a broad scale为固定搭配，表示“广泛地，大规模地”。故填B。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：因此，汉语能用极少的词语，以惊人的简洁性表达思想。空处需填名词，根据后文“using only a few words”可知，汉语表达简洁高效，economy在此表示 “简洁、简练、节约措辞”。故填C。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：尽管英语以精准著称，它同样在很大程度上依赖语境。空处需填副词修饰动词leaves，将英语与汉语对比，表示“同样地”也依靠上下文理解意思，similarly “同样地”符合题意。故填I。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：相比俄语动词有六十多种词形变化，英语语法看起来十分简洁。空处需填形容词作表语，与俄语动词的复杂变化对比，英语语法更简单、简洁，spare在此表示 “简朴的”。故填 J。 【20题详解】 考查动词被动语态。句意：这也意味着要理解不同语言中意义是如何被组织表达的。空处需填过去分词，与be动词构成被动语态，此处表示意义在语言中被“梳理、组织、构建”，用过去分词organized。故填E。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In ancient history, the soldiers of Sparta were known for their strong commitment to the group. It is believed that they fought fearlessly because they put the ____21____ above any individual soldier. This idea of ____22____ oneself for the community can also be observed in the tiny world of bacteria. Scientists have recently discovered how a bacterial ____23____ system, named SPARDA, uses a similar strategy to protect bacterial groups from virus attacks. A new study, led by biochemist Mindaugas Zaremba at Vilnius University, published in Cell Research, explained how this system works on a ____24____ level. By studying SPARDA in different bacteria, the team identified an important part of the system they called the beta-relay. The beta-relay works like a ____25____ in the SPARDA system. When there is no danger, it stays “off,” and the proteins in it remain ____26____. Once foreign DNA, such as a virus, is ____27____, the beta-relay changes its shape and turns “on.” This transformation allows its proteins to connect with each other, forming long chains to ____28____ the enemy as well as the host. “SPARDA systems were demonstrated to protect bacteria from viruses by degrading the DNA of both ____29____ cells and viruses. They killed the host but at the same time prevented further spread of the infection within the bacterial population.” Zaremba said. SPARDA is essential for bacterial defense, but Zaremba’s team argues that the system could also help ____30____ in medical diagnosis. SPARDA is the final line for bacterial cells, which is activated only when an infection is present. Therefore, SPARDA includes an accurate ____31____ mechanism for spotting foreign DNA that would launch self-destruction. Researchers could ____32____ the system for medical diagnostics, Zaremba suggested, which means the beta-relay could be altered to function only when the target gene is identified. ____33____, imagine it would react only to the genetic material of HIV. But the benefits of SPARDA don’t stop there. Traditional diagnostic tools have an obvious ____34____: they can only work when viruses contain a specific genetic code called PAM. “We already know that SPARDA systems do not require PAM,” Zaremba said. “This makes SPARDA more ____35____, and it could help scientists detect a wider variety of germs and viruses. Understanding how this system works may help us solve some of the big challenges in science.” 21. A. king B. battle C. state D. honour 22. A. enjoying B. protecting C. celebrating D. sacrificing 23. A. control B. defense C. network D. information 24. A. micro B. global C. practical D. historical 25. A. bridge B. barrier C. switch D. vehicle 26. A. inactive B. unsure C. available D. energetic 27. A. revised B. detected C. released D. eliminated 28. A. destroy B. restore C. examine D. identify 29. A. infected B. healthy C. foreign D. unknown 30. A. humans B. planets C. organisms D. ecosystems 31. A. regulation B. measurement C. recognition D. transportation 32. A. reduce B. return C. reproduce D. repurpose 33. A. In fact B. As a result C. In addition D. For example 34. A. danger B. feature C. advantage D. limitation 35. A. rigid B. risky C. flexible D. innovative 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. A 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. D 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学家发现细菌防御系统SPARDA如斯巴达战士般牺牲自我保护群体，该系统无需特定基因序列，在医学诊断上比传统工具更灵活实用。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们认为他们英勇作战是因为他们把国家置于任何个人士兵之上。A. king国王；B. battle战役；C. state国家；D. honour荣誉。根据上文“In ancient history, the soldiers of Sparta were known for their strong commitment to the group.(在古代历史中，斯巴达的士兵以其对团队的坚定忠诚而闻名)”可知，斯巴达战士重视城邦国家利益。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种为群体牺牲自我的精神也能在细菌的微小世界中被观察到。A. enjoying享受；B. protecting保护；C. celebrating庆祝；D. sacrificing牺牲。后文“Scientists have recently discovered how a bacterial ____ system, named SPARDA, uses a similar strategy to protect bacterial groups from virus attacks.”细菌自我毁灭保护群体，对应牺牲精神。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家最近发现一种名为SPARDA的细菌防御系统如何使用类似策略保护细菌群体免受病毒攻击。A. control控制；B. defense防御；C. network网络；D. information信息。根据后文“system, named SPARDA, uses a similar strategy to protect bacterial groups from virus attacks”可知，系统用于抵御病毒，属于防御系统。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由维尔纽斯大学的生物化学家米尼亚古斯·扎雷姆巴领导的一项新研究发表在《细胞研究》杂志上，该研究详细阐述了这一系统在微观层面的运作机制。A. micro微观的；B. global全球的；C. practical实际的；D. historical历史的。根据上文“Scientists have recently discovered how a bacterial ____ system”可知，研究细菌系统属于微观层面。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：β中继在SPARDA系统中就像一个开关。A. bridge桥梁；B. barrier屏障；C. switch开关；D. vehicle交通工具。根据后文“When there is no danger, it stays “off,” and the proteins in it”可知，后文有off和on状态，对应开关功能。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有危险时它保持关闭，其中的蛋白质保持不活跃。A. inactive不活跃的；B. unsure不确定的；C. available可获得的；D. energetic精力充沛的。根据上文“When there is no danger, it stays “off,” and the proteins in it remain”可知，开关关闭则蛋白质不活跃。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦检测到病毒等外来DNA，β中继就会改变形状并开启。A. revised修订；B. detected检测；C. released释放；D. eliminated消除。根据后文“the beta-relay changes its shape and turns “on.””可知，系统先识别再启动防御。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种转变使其蛋白质相互连接形成长链，摧毁敌人及宿主细胞。A. destroy摧毁；B. restore恢复；C. examine检查；D. identify识别。根据后文“the enemy”以及“by degrading the DNA”提到降解DNA、杀死宿主，对应摧毁。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：SPARDA系统已被证实能够通过分解受感染细胞和病毒的DNA来保护细菌免受病毒的侵害。A. infected被感染的；B. healthy健康的；C. foreign外来的；D. unknown未知的。根据后文“They killed the host but at the same time prevented further spread of the infection within the bacterial population.” Zaremba said.(扎雷姆巴说：“他们消灭了宿主，但同时又阻止了感染在细菌群体内部的进一步传播。”)”可知，被感染细胞会被一同清除防止扩散。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：SPARDA对于细菌的防御至关重要，但Zaremba团队认为该系统也可帮助人类进行医学诊断。A. humans人类；B. planets行星；C. organisms生物体；D. ecosystems生态系统。根据后文“in medical diagnosis”可知，医学诊断服务于人类。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，SPARDA包含精准识别外来DNA的机制并启动自毁。A. regulation管理；B. measurement测量；C. recognition识别；D. transportation运输。根据后文“for spotting foreign DNA that would launch self-destruction”可知，系统能识别外来基因物质。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Zaremba表示，研究人员可以将该系统重新用于医学诊断领域，这意味着可以对这种“β中继”进行改造，使其仅在检测到目标基因时才发挥作用。A. reduce减少；B. return返回；C. reproduce繁殖；D. repurpose改变用途。根据后文“the system for medical diagnostics”可知，将细菌防御系统改为用途为诊断工具。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查短语词义辨析。句意：例如，想象它只对HIV的遗传物质起反应。A. In fact事实上；B. As a result因此；C. In addition此外；D. For example例如。后文“imagine it would react only to the genetic material of HIV”是具体举例说明应用。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：传统诊断工具有明显局限：只能识别含特定PAM序列的病毒。A. danger危险；B. feature特征；C. advantage优势；D. limitation局限。根据后文“they can only work when viruses contain a specific genetic code called PAM”可知，后文内容为传统工具的不足。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使SPARDA更灵活，并且能够帮助科学家检测到更多种类的细菌和病毒。A. rigid僵硬的；B. risky有风险的；C. flexible灵活的；D. innovative创新的。根据上文“We already know that SPARDA systems do not require PAM”可知，无需PAM使其适用范围更广，更灵活。故选C。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) My first journey to Norway began with an accident that almost killed me on the deck of a deep-sea fishing boat. One afternoon, having finished my task, I climbed the ladder to the deck. I had scarcely lifted my head when the sky disappeared. In its place came a heavy iron cage, swinging with blind force and hitting me right in the face. I remember no pain at first — only darkness. When I recovered my senses, I was on my hands and knees. My cheek was torn, and my teeth lay broken in my mouth. An older fisherman, Arneson, found me and carried me to my room. During the slow days that followed, he accompanied me and spoke of his boyhood in Andalsnes, among Norway’s fjords (峡湾) and mountains of such beauty that he dared not return. He feared that the real place might destroy the perfect image in his heart. I listened attentively because I had begun to ask myself: was I, like Arneson, just living on an image of who I had been before the accident. His stories, repeated in those long days of recovery, fixed Norway in my imagination as a place where I could find the answer. Thus, when I was well enough to travel, I started my journey, moved less by courage than by a quiet hope for relief. From Norway’s capital I journeyed to Åndalsnes, the town he had described with such gentleness. The following day I climbed Aksla. The path was steep, and the pain in my legs was sharp but honest. Each step seemed like a question: who are you now? At the top, sitting among stones and thin grass, I looked at the silent peaks and understood that the sea had not sent me here by chance. I had crossed water and land only to discover that the journey was inward. I had come to Norway hoping the mountains would heal me. Instead, I learned that a single blow does not merely wound the body; it breaks open the self and sets it wandering. Yet in that wandering I found something steady. My memories, my fears, and the voices of those who had walked beside me formed a quiet fellowship. In their company, I did not find a cure, but I began, at last, to find myself. 36. What accident occurred to the author on the fishing boat? A. Facing a heavy storm. B. Falling from the ladder. C. Being hit by an iron cage. D. Suffering night blindness. 37. Why does the author mention Arneson in paragraph 3? A. To describe the author’s daily life on the boat. B. To introduce what inspired the author’s journey. C. To explain why Norway is an attractive country. D. To show how the author recovered from the accident. 38. What can we infer about the author from Paragraph 4? A. He was weaker than before. B. He reflected on his true self. C. He regretted going to Norway. D. He lost his way on the mountain. 39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. A Fatal Accident B. A Memory of the Sea C. A Friend of Pure Heart D. A Journey of Self-Discovery 【答案】36. C 37. B 38. B 39. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者在渔船上遭铁笼砸伤，受渔夫 Arneson 故事启发前往挪威。登山途中他不断反思自我，最终明白这场旅程是向内的自我探寻。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“I had scarcely lifted my head when the sky disappeared. In its place came a heavy iron cage, swinging with blind force and hitting me right in the face.(我刚抬眼望去，天空就消失了。取而代之的是一只沉重的铁笼子，它毫无控制地摇晃着，直接砸到了我的脸上)”可知，作者在渔船上被一个铁笼砸中。故选C。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“I listened attentively because I had begun to ask myself: was I, like Arneson, just living on an image of who I had been before the accident.(我全神贯注地听着，同时也在心里问自己：难道我就像阿内森那样，只是在依照那次事故前自己的模样来生活吗？)”以及第四段“His stories, repeated in those long days of recovery, fixed Norway in my imagination as a place where I could find the answer.(在那段漫长的康复期间，他讲述的故事一直在我脑海中回响。这些故事让我在脑海中将挪威描绘成一个能让我找到答案的地方)”可知，作者在第三段中提及阿内森是为了介绍促使作者踏上这段旅程的灵感来源。故选B。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Each step seemed like a question: who are you now? At the top, sitting among stones and thin grass, I looked at the silent peaks and understood that the sea had not sent me here by chance. I had crossed water and land only to discover that the journey was inward.(每一步似乎都像是一个疑问：你现在是谁？在山顶上，我坐在石头和稀疏的草丛之中，凝视着那寂静的山峰，这才明白大海并非偶然将我带到此地。我跨越了水域和陆地，只是为了发现这段旅程其实是在向内进行)”可知，他反思了自己的真实自我。故选B。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Yet in that wandering I found something steady. My memories, my fears, and the voices of those who had walked beside me formed a quiet fellowship. In their company, I did not find a cure, but I began, at last, to find myself.(然而，在这段漫游的过程中，我却找到了一些不变的东西。我的记忆、我的恐惧，以及那些与我并肩同行之人的话语，共同构成了一种宁静的陪伴。在他们的陪伴下，我并未找到治愈的方法，但最终，我开始找到了自我)”结合文章讲述了作者在渔船上遭铁笼砸伤，受渔夫Arneson故事启发前往挪威。登山途中他不断反思自我，最终明白这场旅程是向内的自我探寻。可知，D选项“一段自我发现之旅”最符合文章标题。故选D。 (B) The word “biodegradable” describes materials that can be broken down naturally by the environment through a process called biodegradation. During this process, fungi (真菌) and tiny microbes like bacteria break down organic matter from plants and animals. The remains become nutrient-rich material that helps new plants grow, forming a repeating and self-sustaining system often called the circle of life. This process is closely linked to the carbon cycle. During the process, plants take in carbon dioxide, animals pass carbon along the food chain, and microorganisms release it back into the air after plants and animals die, which starts a new cycle. Today, “biodegradable” can also describe some products that can break down naturally. Instead of being sent into incinerators (焚化炉) or recycling centres, biodegradable wastes usually end up in landfills. 40. What can we learn from the passage? A. Biodegradable waste is usually burned down. B. Biodegradation happens when there is no oxygen. C. A key part of biodegradation is the removal of carbon. D. Biodegradation is an essential part of the circle of life. 41. The underlined word “assimilate” most probably means ______. A. absorb B. translate C. divide D. destroy 42. Which of the following titles is correctly matched with its illustration? A. ORGANIC MATERIAL B. DECOMPOSITION C. DIGESTION D. BYPRODUCTS 【答案】40. D 41. A 42. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。讲述了生物降解是自然分解有机物的过程，由真菌和微生物参与，形成生命循环，也是碳循环的一部分，副产物可被环境吸收利用。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The remains become nutrient-rich material that helps new plants grow, forming a repeating and self-sustaining system often called the circle of life.(这些残骸变成了富含营养的物质，有助于新植物的生长，从而形成一个不断循环且能够自我维持的系统，这个系统通常被称为“生命循环”)”可知，生物降解是生命循环中不可或缺的一部分。故选D。 【41题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“The byproducts of bio biodegradation — carbon dioxide, water and other carbon-rich substance — are assimilated into the environment and used to promote the new growth of organic matter. (生物降解过程产生的副产物——二氧化碳、水以及其他富含碳的物质——会被assimilated到环境中，并用于促进有机物质的新生长)”可知，促进了新生长说明是被吸收了。故划线词意思是“吸收”。故选A。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据DECOMPOSITION部分“Organic matter decomposes into smaller pieces, either through physical forces such as wind and rain or from living organism in the soil, such as fungi, insects or worms.(有机物会分解成更小的颗粒，这种分解过程要么是由风和雨等物理力量促成的，要么是由土壤中的生物体（如真菌、昆虫或蠕虫）引起的)”可知，分解（Decomposition）是有机物在风、雨或土壤生物（真菌、昆虫、蠕虫）作用下碎裂的过程，对应B图（有真菌、昆虫等生物）。故选B。 (C) Cinemas are full of sequels (续集) and superheroes. Pop charts are led by the same global stars year after year. The internet produces endless trends and sensational cultural products. Has 21st-century culture become repetitive and dull? A new book offers a perspective. In Blank Space, W. David Marx argues that something important has changed. In the early 20th century, movements such as Surrealism (超现实主义) deeply transformed art. The 1960s brought counterculture and rock music. Compared with those creative explosions, today’s culture, which remixes old ideas rather than inventing new ones, can appear cautious. Money, Mr Marx suggests, plays a large role. In pop music, the idea of “selling out” has largely died out while the ultimate measure of value is financial success. Fame is sometimes driven less by artistic talent than by marketing skill and online visibility. Technology has added another layer. In its early days, the internet allowed small communities to experiment and share unusual tastes. Today, however, online platforms often reward speed, exciting and simple messages. Algorithms (算法) favour what keeps users clicking, not what challenges them. As a result, safe and familiar content may crowd out riskier work. Still, his sweeping book oversimplifies the reality. There has always been more litter than gold, and time has simply filtered out the worst so that we just remember the masterpieces and forget the rest. It may be too early to judge the long-term value of today’s creations, which are still competing in a noisy digital marketplace. Moreover, the continued popularity of older works is not a sign of fixedness. Classics endure because they do have an edge over the others, not because nothing new can succeed. Modern culture may appear repetitive, but it is also diverse and widely accessible, and that’s why we can still freely enjoy old masterpieces. Another way to think of 21st-century Western culture is as a history of relative comfort. Chaos in the today’s world has shaken up the arts, but it has been less impactful than the crises that launched the cultural breakthroughs of the early 20th century. In extreme conditions, could today’s creators match the past genius? Let’s hope we will never find out. 43. Which of the following statements might W. David Marx agree with? A. There was more dull art in the past than there is today. B. Audience prefer masterpieces in the past to new ideas today. C. Financial success has become more important than artistic originality. D. Technological progress has made cultural innovation easier than before. 44. Which of the following best reflects the writer’s view of modern culture? A. It is largely shaped by online platforms. B. It’s still too early to judge its true value. C. The success of old works proves its failure. D. It mainly repeats past ideas without anything new. 45. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph imply? A. The author thinks social chaos is necessary. B. The author hopes extreme crises won’t happen. C. The author believes modern artists are superior. D. The author thinks cultural decline will continue. 46. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To question a book’s argument about culture. B. To compare modern culture with classical culture. C. To prove that modern culture is completely empty. D. To explain how technology influences modern culture. 【答案】43. C 44. B 45. B 46. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章先介绍W・David Marx认为当代文化因资本和算法影响变得重复保守、缺乏创新，随后作者对此观点提出质疑，认为现在评判现代文化的价值还为时过早，且经典长存不等于当代文化停滞。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Money, Mr Marx suggests, plays a large role. In pop music, the idea of “selling out” has largely died out while the ultimate measure of value is financial success. Fame is sometimes driven less by artistic talent than by marketing skill and online visibility. (Marx认为，金钱扮演了重要角色。在流行音乐中，“出卖艺术”的观念基本消失，而衡量价值的最终标准是经济上的成功。名气有时更多是由营销手段和网络热度驱动，而非艺术才华。)”可知，Marx认为经济成功已成为衡量价值的主要标准，艺术才华的重要性下降；因此推测，W・戴维・马克思（W. David Marx）会认同“经济上的成功已经变得比艺术上的独创性更重要。”这一说法。故选C。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“It may be too early to judge the long-term value of today’s creations, which are still competing in a noisy digital marketplace.(现在判断今天创作的长远价值可能为时过早，它们仍在嘈杂的数字市场中竞争。)”可知，作者认为现在判断当代文化的长期价值还为时过早，故选B。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。在最后一段“Another way to think of 21st-century Western culture is as a history of relative comfort.Chaos in the today’s world has shaken up the arts, but it has been less impactful than the crises that launched the cultural breakthroughs of the early 20th century. In extreme conditions, could today’s creators match the past genius? Let’s hope we will never find out.(看待21世纪西方文化的另一种方式是将其视为一段相对安逸的历史。当今世界的混乱确实搅动了艺术，但其冲击力不及那些催生20世纪初文化突破的危机。在极端条件下，今天的创作者能否媲美过去的才华？但愿我们永远不需要知道答案。)”作者提出，极端危机（如20世纪初的那些动荡）曾激发文化突破，但如果再次出现极端条件，今天的创作者能否达到过去的水平？作者说“但愿我们永远不需要知道”，暗示他并不希望这样的极端危机发生，不希望发生极端危机来验证这件事，因为那样的危机虽然可能催生文化突破，但代价巨大。故选B。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。文章第一段中“Has 21st-century culture become repetitive and dull? A new book offers a perspective.(21世纪的文化是否变得重复而乏味？一本新书提供了视角。)”先提出“21世纪文化是否变得重复乏味”的问题，引出W. David Marx的书《Blank Space》，第二、三段介绍Marx在《Blank Space》一书中的观点（金钱、技术导致文化保守），接着作者从多个角度（时间筛选、经典作品的持久、危机的作用）对书中的进行质疑和反驳，提出自己不同的看法。因此，本文的主要目的是质疑这本书关于文化的论点。故选A。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Sciencewashing of Everyday Life There stands a display model of a face mask in my local beauty store. Its package is covered with words like “patents”, “peptides”, and “double helix”. I have no idea what any of this means. But this is science. The mask costs $75. ____47____ Brands describe themselves as “biology-first” or “powered by biotech.” Creams promise to work “at a molecular (分子) level.” Lipsticks contain acids with “different molecular weights.” Water is sold with extra hydrogen (氢), as if two atoms were no longer enough. Even sports drinks, which once relied on images of sweating athletes, now proudly announce that they are “lab tested.” In a crowded market, science has become the new symbol of quality. Marketing has always borrowed from science, but it used to be more direct. A cereal contained fiber, and fiber was good for you. ____48____ They were informed but plainspoken, employing the simple logic of cause and effect. They talked, basically, like a family medicine doctor. Today’s ads, by contrast, talk like the Ph.D. kind of doctor. They use long, complex words and refer to things viewable only under a microscope. The goal is not always to explain, but to confuse. ____49____ “People like buying products that are research-backed,” said Neil Lewis Jr., a behavioral scientist at Cornell. “But most people, they are not professional enough to actually evaluate those claims. They don’t have the time or specific knowledge, so they just look for some signals. That gives their everyday consumption a serious, almost academic appearance.” But here is the problem. ____50____ Government financial support has weakened, people’s trust in scientists has fallen, and many researchers have left public institutions. It is unsettling to imagine we are approaching a world in which scientists are employed not by independent institutions but only by companies — a world where science itself serves as advertising. A. A cream had vitamin C, and vitamin C helped skin. B. Many of the claims are reasonable, while others are meaningless nonsense. C. When science is being used to sell creams and drinks, science as a public good is under threat. D. Across fashion, beauty, and food, scientific language has become a powerful sales tool. E. In fact, science in the private interest doesn’t necessarily work like that. F. No one is looking up an academic study to make sure the claims on their package are accurate. 【答案】47. D 48. A 49. F 50. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍了当下商业领域普遍出现的“科学包装”营销现象，商家利用专业科学术语包装日常商品以提升销量，同时指出这种行为正在削弱科学的公共属性，并引发人们对商业滥用科学的担忧。 【47题详解】 根据前文“I have no idea what any of this means. But this is science. The mask costs $75.(我完全不懂这些词是什么意思。但这就是科学。这款面膜售价 75 美元。)”可知空前以一款面膜为例，说明商品用科学词汇包装；空后“Brands describe themselves as “biology-first” or “powered by biotech.” Creams promise to work “at a  molecular level.” Lipsticks contain acids with “different molecular weights.” Water is sold with extra hydrogen, as if two atoms were no longer enough.(各类品牌都标榜自己“以生物科学为本”或“依托生物技术”。面霜宣称能“在分子层面起效”，口红添加“不同分子量”的酸类成分，就连饮用水也打着“添加额外氢”的旗号售卖，仿佛两个氢原子还不够用似的。)”列举了多个行业使用科学术语进行营销的现象。故推知：空处应总起全段，说明科学语言已成为一种销售工具；选项D“Across fashion, beauty, and food, scientific language has become a powerful sales tool.(在时尚、美妆和食品行业，科学语言已经成为一种强有力的销售工具。)”符合原文内容。故选D。 【48题详解】 根据前文“A cereal contained fiber, and fiber was good for you.(一种谷物麦片含有纤维，而纤维对你有益。)”可知空前举例说明过去的营销方式简单直接；空后一句“They were informed but plainspoken, employing simple logic of cause and effect.(这些表述内容详实但语言朴实，运用简单的因果逻辑。)”进一步解释过去广告的特点。故推知：空处应继续用同类例子支撑过去简单的营销方式；选项A“A cream had vitamin C, and vitamin C helped skin.(一款面霜含有维生素 C，而维生素 C 对皮肤有益。)”符合原文内容。故选A。 【49题详解】 根据前文“They use long, complex words and refer to things viewable only under a microscope. The goal is not always to explain, but to confuse.(它们使用冗长复杂的词汇，提及只有在显微镜下才能看到的东西。其目的往往不是解释，而是让人困惑。)”可知空前指出现在的广告用专业术语迷惑消费者。故推知：空处应说明消费者对这些说法作何反应；选项F“No one is looking up an academic study to make sure the claims on their package are accurate.(没有人会去查阅学术研究来确认包装上的说法是否准确。)”符合原文内容。故选F。 【50题详解】 根据前文“But here is the problem.(但问题就在这里。)”可知，空前说明存在问题；空后“Government financial support has weakened, people’s trust in scientists has fallen, and many researchers have left public institutions.(政府的财政支持减弱，人们对科学家的信任度下降，许多研究者离开了公共机构。)”指出科学作为公共事业面临的危机。故推知：空处应提出核心观点，即商业利用科学正在威胁科学的公共属性；选项C“When science is being used to sell creams and drinks, science as a public good is under threat.(当科学被用来销售面霜和饮料时，作为公共产品的科学正受到威胁。)”符合原文内容。故选C。 Ⅳ. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. The Power of Hesitation Hesitation is often seen as a weakness. At the Olympics, athletes must choose the exact moment to start. In these events, even a tiny delay can mean losing a gold medal. For these athletes, hesitation is dangerous. Some mental health conditions are also related to hesitation. OCD (强迫症) is linked to lack of hesitation while anxiety disorders may cause too much hesitation, making it hard for people to act at all. Recently, neuroscientists have been studying how the brain decides when to act and when to wait. They designed a simple decision-making experiment in which mice heard three different sounds. Some sounds clearly meant they would receive a drop of sugar water. Other sounds meant no reward. A third sound meant there was only a 50 percent chance of getting the reward. Interestingly, the mice hesitated longer when the outcome was uncertain. Even though their behaviour did not change the result, they still paused before acting. This means that hesitation is not simply confusion. Instead, it is an active brain process that responds to uncertainty. The findings suggest that, rather than a weakness to overcome, hesitation appears to be a fundamental brain feature that helps us deal with an uncertain world and avoid costly mistakes.. Researchers also found a special group of brain cells that became active only when the mice hesitated. These cells are located in a brain area called the basal ganglia, which is also affected in Parkinson’s disease, OCD, and addictions. This connection may provide possible targets for future treatments. Hesitation is not simply a flaw but a useful and necessary brain function. By helping individuals respond carefully to uncertainty, it protects people from mistakes and may also provide new directions for treating mental health disorders. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Hesitation is often viewed as a weakness. However, experiments with mice show that they hesitate longer when there was an uncertain outcome, indicating hesitation is an active response to uncertainty to avoid mistakes. Scientists also found that hesitation is related to certain brain cells, which offer clues for treating mental disorders. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出犹豫常被视作弱点且与部分心理疾病相关，而针对小鼠的研究表明犹豫是大脑应对不确定性、避免错误的基本功能，且相关脑细胞的发现或为心理疾病治疗提供新方向。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Hesitation is often seen as a weakness. ②They designed a simple decision-making experiment in which mice heard three different sounds. ③Interestingly, the mice hesitated longer when the outcome was uncertain. ④Instead, it is an active brain process that responds to uncertainty. ⑤The findings suggest that, rather than a weakness to overcome, hesitation appears to be a fundamental brain feature that helps us deal with an uncertain world and avoid costly mistakes. ⑥Researchers also found a special group of brain cells that became active only when the mice hesitated. ⑦This connection may provide possible targets for future treatments. 2. 缜密构思 将第2、3、4、5三个要点进行重组，整合为实验发现1与核心结论，将第6、7两个要点整合为实验发现2以及对一些疾病的治疗意义。 3. 遣词造句 Hesitation is often viewed as a weakness. Experiments with mice show that they hesitate longer when there was an uncertain outcome, indicating hesitation is an active response to uncertainty to avoid mistakes.  Scientists also found that hesitation is related to certain brain cells, which offer clues for treating mental disorders. 【点睛】【高分句型1】However, experiments with mice show that they hesitate longer when there was an uncertain outcome, indicating hesitation is an active response to uncertainty to avoid mistakes.(运用However与上文传统观点构成转折，that引导的宾语从句说明研究发现的内容，从句中包含when引导的时间状语从句，现在分词indicating作状语，后跟省略that的宾语从句，阐述前面整个实验现象所带来的自然结论或推断。) 【高分句型2】Scientists also found that hesitation is related to certain brain cells, which offer clues for treating mental disorders.(运用了that引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句，将实验发现与治疗意义紧密连接，信息密度高。) V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 春节的意义体现在和谁一起过年，而非在哪里过年。(lie)(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】The meaning of the Spring Festival lies in who you spend it with, rather than where you spend it. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词，介词，动词和宾语从句。“春节的意义”用The meaning of the Spring Festival作主语；“体现在”用动词短语lie in作谓语，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为单数，谓语动词用lies；介词in后接who引导的宾语从句who you spend it with，表示“和谁一起过年”，“而非”用rather than连接并列结构，后接另一个宾语从句where you spend it，表示“在哪里过年”，句首单词首字母大写。故译为The meaning of the Spring Festival lies in who you spend it with, rather than where you spend it。 53. 借助光影，学生们开启了一段科学与艺术交融的探索之旅。(join)(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】With the help of light and shadow, the students started a journey of exploration where science and art join together. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、时态和定语从句。“借助”表达为with the help of，“光”为名词light，“影”为名词shadow，“借助光影”表达为with the help of light and shadow；“开启”表达为动词start，作谓语动词，结合“开启了”以及句意可知，此句陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时，“一段探索之旅”表达为名词短语a journey of exploration，作started宾语，“科学”表达为名词science，“艺术”为名词art，“交融”为动词短语join together，“科学与艺术交融”表达为science and art join together，“科学与艺术交融的”表达为定语从句修饰先行词a journey of exploration，关系词指代先行词在从句中作地点状语，从句用关系副词where引导，从句阐述探索之旅的固有属性，用一般现在时。故此句翻译为：With the help of light and shadow, the students started a journey of exploration where science and art join together. 54. 来到这座南方小城三十年，所见飘雪，成规模者，数场而已。(since)(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is/has been thirty years since I came to this small southern city, and I have witnessed only a few times when the snow was heavy. 【解析】 【详解】考查时间状语从句、定语从句和时态。“来到这座南方小城三十年”指“从我来到这座南方小城到现在，已经30年了”，表达为固定句式“It is/has been+时间段+ since引导时间状语从句.”，“这座南方小城”表达为名词短语this small southern city，“来到”表达为come to，come作从句谓语动词，陈述过去的动作，用一般过去时，“来到这座南方小城三十年”翻译为“It is/has been thirty years since I came to this small southern city”；“所见飘雪，成规模者，数场而已”表示“我只见过少数几次雪下得很大”，“见”表达为动词witness，作谓语动词，表示从来到这个小城到目前为止，用现在完成时，“只少数几次”表达为only a few times，“雪下得很大”表达为定语从句修饰先行词a few times，从句描述的事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，表达为the snow was heavy，关系词指代先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，从句用关系副词when引导，“所见飘雪，成规模者，数场而已”表达为“I have witnessed only a few times when the snow was heavy”，与上文“It is/has been thirty years since I came to this small southern city”为并列关系，用并列连词and连接。故整句翻译为：It is/has been thirty years since I came to this small southern city, and I have witnessed only a few times when the snow was heavy. 55. 当技术回归服务于人的目的，城市的每一次智能化升级就能听见普通人的声音。(account)(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】When technology returns to the purpose of serving people, every smart upgrade in the city can take the voices of ordinary people into account. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词，动词短语和时间状语从句。“当技术回归服务于人的目的”用when引导时间状语从句表示，从句中“技术” 用technology作主语，“回归”用动词短语return to作谓语，描述客观规律用一般现在时，“服务于人的目的”用the purpose of serving people作介词宾语；主句中“城市的每一次智能化升级”用every smart upgrade in the city作主语，“能听见”即“考虑到”用固定短语take...into account作谓语，“普通人的声音”用the voices of ordinary people作宾语。故译为When technology returns to the purpose of serving people, every smart upgrade in the city can take the voices of ordinary people into account。 Ⅵ. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生王明，校园英语报“数字生活”板块正在策划特别系列“我的视频清单”，向全体高三学生征集稿件，邀请大家分享自己喜爱的网络视频。你对此很感兴趣，撰写一篇文章，内容如下： 1）对你喜爱看的网络视频进行分类； 2）具体说明每一类视频的特征，以及它们对你的影响或意义。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 As a Senior Three student, I often watch online videos to relieve stress after a long day of studying. My viewing list can be mainly divided into two categories: educational vlogs and inspiring short videos. The first type is educational vlogs. These videos, usually created by teachers or experts, explain complex knowledge in a simple and interesting way. They not only help me review what I learn in class but also broaden my horizons, making my spare time both informative and enjoyable. The second category is short videos with positive messages. Whether it is sharing stories of perseverance or showing beautiful scenery, these videos always lift my spirits. When I feel anxious about exams, watching them reminds me to stay positive and cherish the journey. In conclusion, these videos are more than just entertainment; they are my spiritual companions in the digital age. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生作为明启中学高三学生王明，给校园英语报“数字生活”板块投稿，分享自己喜爱的网络视频类别、特征及其对自己的影响和意义。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 拓宽：broaden→expand 复杂的：complex→complicated 坚持不懈：perseverance→persistence 振奋精神：lift one’s spirits→brighten one’s mood 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：As a Senior Three student, I often watch online videos to relieve stress after a long day of studying.  拓展句：Being a Senior Three student, I frequently turn to online videos to calm my nerves after a tiring day of studying. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】They not only help me review what I learn in class but also broaden my horizons, making my spare time both informative and enjoyable.(运用了what引导的宾语从句及现在分词making作状语) 【高分句型 2】When I feel anxious about exams, watching them reminds me to stay positive and cherish the journey.(运用了when引导的时间状语从句及动名词watching作主语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $