精品解析：2025届上海市嘉定区高三下学期二模英语试题

2024学年高三年级第二次质量调研 英语试卷 Ⅰ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Race to the Frozen North On April 6, 1909, six determined men stood at the top of the world, claiming victory over one of Earth’s last great frontiers — the North Pole. Their leader, Robert E. Peary, captured the historic moment in photographs as his team proudly held up their flags. Among them was Matthew Henson, an experienced explorer ___1___ skills had been vital to their success. He held a unique flag, ___2___(sew) together from different pieces of fabric, while four expert Inuit hunters stood by his side. They guided the team through the endless frozen wilderness. Reaching this ice-covered world was not easy. Many had tried before them, only ___3___ (force) back by terrible conditions. Peary’s success was not just luck — it was careful strategy, perseverance, and the strength of his team. He relied heavily ___4___ Henson, who had journeyed with him through the Arctic before. Henson wasn’t just an explorer; he was a survivalist, trained by the Inuit (因纽特人) in the art of handling the ice. But no amount of skill ___5___ make overcoming the Arctic any easier. The wind screamed like a wild beast, and the temperature dropped to a freezing minus 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Henson later wrote in his journal, “Freezing of the whole front part of the face is an ordinary occurrence.” Ice formed on their skin, ___6___ (bite) deeper with every burst of wind. Frostbite (冻疮) was a constant threat. Peary himself had lost toes on earlier adventures. Despite ___7___ they endured, they kept pushing forward. Their food was simple but packed with energy: pemmican, a dense mixture of dried meat, animal fat, and berries. ___8___ it did little to satisfy true hunger, it did keep them alive. Their days were long and exhausting. Yet they refused to stop. Then, at last, they arrived. The vast, icy emptiness ___9___ (stretch) in every direction. Henson, moving quickly ahead, was the first to mark their achievement. When Peary arrived, they planted their flags, securing their place in history. The impossible ____10____ (conquer). 【答案】1. whose 2. sewn 3. to be forced 4. on 5. could 6. biting 7. what 8. Although##Though 9. stretched 10. had been conquered 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了 1909 年 4 月 6 日，Robert E. Peary 带领的团队到达北极的艰难历程，着重介绍了团队成员 Matthew Henson 以及他们在途中所面临的恶劣环境和克服的种种困难。 【1题详解】 考查关系代词。句意：在他们当中有 Matthew Henson，一位经验丰富的探险家，他的技能对他们的成功至关重要。“ ____ skills had been vital to their success” 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 “Matthew Henson”，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰 “skills”，表示 “他的技能”，所以用关系代词 “whose”。故填 whose。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他举着一面独特的旗帜，这面旗帜是由不同的织物缝制在一起的，而四位因纽特猎人则站在他身边。“ ____ (sew) together from different pieces of fabric” 是后置定语，修饰 “flag”，“flag” 与 “sew” 之间是被动关系，即 “旗帜被缝制”，所以用过去分词 “sewn”。故填 sewn。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在他们之前有许多人尝试过，结果却被恶劣的条件逼了回来。only ____ (force) back by terrible conditions” 是结果状语，“Many” 与 “force” 之间是被动关系，且表示出乎意料的结果，用 “only to be done” 结构，所以填 “to be forced”。故填 to be forced。 【4题详解】 考查介词。句意：他非常依赖 Henson，Henson 之前曾和他一起在北极地区旅行过。“rely on” 是固定搭配，意为 “依赖，依靠”，所以填 “on”。故填 on 【5题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：但再多的技能也无法使征服北极变得更容易。根据语境，这里表示 “能够” 的意思，且是过去的情况，用 “could” 表示过去的能力或可能性。故填 could。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：冰在他们的皮肤上形成，每一阵风都让冻伤更加严重。“ ____ (bite) deeper with every burst of wind” 在句中作伴随状语，“Ice” 与 “bite” 之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词 “biting”。故填 biting。 【7题详解】 考查连接词。句意：尽管他们忍受了很多，但他们还是继续前进。“Despite 7 they endured” 中，“ ____ they endured” 是一个宾语从句，作 “Despite” 的宾语，从句中缺少宾语，用 “what” 引导，表示 “所…… 的事物”。故填 what。 【8题详解】 考查连词。句意：尽管它几乎不能满足真正的饥饿，但它确实让他们活了下来。根据前后句的逻辑关系，这里表示让步，“尽管” 食物不能满足饥饿，但能维持生命，所以用“Although” 或 “Though” 引导让步状语从句。首字母大写。故填 Although/Though。 【9题详解】 考查时态。句意：广阔的冰原向四面八方延伸。文章讲述的是过去的事情，这里描述到达北极时看到的景象，用一般过去时，“stretch” 的过去式是 “stretched”。故填 stretched。 【10题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：不可能的事情已经被征服了。The impossible” 与 “conquer” 之间是被动关系，“征服”发生在“抵达”之前，需用过去完成时，且主语the impossible与conquer之间是被动关。故填had been conquered。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. capabilities B. dismiss C. examine D. ignorance E. match F. misrepresentation G. passionate H. point I. plug J. relieving K. worrying The Hackers Who Protect Your Security Have you ever locked yourself out of your house and had to try to break in? First you get a sense of accomplishment in succeeding. But then comes the ____11____ realization that if you can break into your own place as an amateur, a professional could do it five times faster. So you look for the weak ____12____ in your security and fix it. Well, that’s more or less how the DefCon hackers (黑客) conference works. Every year hackers meet in Las Vegas to test their knowledge and ____13____. Mention the word “hacker” and many of us picture a seventeen-year-old student sitting in a bedroom, illegally hacking into the government systems. But that is actually a(n) ____14____ of what most hackers do. The activities that take place at DefCon have an enormous impact on our daily lives. Here, computer addicts who can’t break the habit or resist the challenge of finding security gaps ____15____ all kinds of systems, from the internet to mobile communications to household door locks. And then they try to hack them. In doing so, they do us all a great service by passing on their findings to industry, which can then ____16____ the security holes. If you’re among those who ____17____ the DefCon attendees as a bunch of social misfits, then you probably have the same password for 90 percent of your online existence, which is risky. Even if you think you’re being clever by using your grandmother’s birth date backwards as a password, you’re no ____18____ for these people. There is no greater ____19____ to be found online than that of an average Internet user. I’m happy to admit that I’m one of them. I’m also aware that there are other people out there who are trying to get more and more access to our personal data. Sadly, we have few tools to protect ourselves. But there is a group of people who are ____20____ about online freedom and have the means to help us protect our privacy. Many of them can be found at DefCon. 【答案】11. K 12. H 13. A 14. F 15. C 16. I 17. B 18. E 19. D 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是DefCon黑客大会的相关情况以及黑客并非都是非法入侵者。 11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：随后，一个令人担忧的意识涌上心头：如果你这个业余人士都能闯入自己的家，那么专业人士的速度可能会快上五倍。由下文“if you can break into your own place as an amateur, a professional could do it five times faster”可知，空后所说的意识到的内容是令人担忧的，空格处意为“令人担忧的”，用形容词作定语，修饰名词realization，是worrying，故选K。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：于是，你开始寻找安全系统中的薄弱环节并加以修复。由前面的“look for the weak”和下文“in your security and fix it”可知，句子表示“你开始寻找安全系统中的薄弱环节并加以修复”，空格处意为“要点，核心问题”，是point，此处用单数，故选H。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：每年，黑客们都会在拉斯维加斯聚会，测试他们的知识和能力。由上文“hackers meet in Las Vegas to test their knowledge and”可知，句子表示“黑客们都会在拉斯维加斯聚会，测试他们的知识和能力”，空格处意为“能力”，是capabilities。故选A。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：但这实际上是对大多数黑客行为的歪曲。由上文“illegally hacking into the government systems”可知，句子表示“这实际上是对大多数黑客行为的歪曲”，空格处意为“歪曲”，是misrepresentation。故选F。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：在这里，那些无法戒掉寻找安全漏洞这一习惯或无法抗拒这一挑战的计算机爱好者们，会检查各种系统，从互联网到移动通信，再到家用门锁。由下文“all kinds of systems, from the internet to mobile communications to household door locks”可知，句子表示“那些无法戒掉寻找安全漏洞这一习惯或无法抗拒这一挑战的计算机爱好者们，会检查各种系统”，空格处意为“检查”，是examine，句子描述经常性，习惯性动作，时态用一般现在时，主语addicts是复数，因此examine用原形，故选C。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：通过这样做，他们实际上为我们所有人提供了巨大的服务，因为他们将自己的发现传递给相关行业，这些行业随后可以填补安全漏洞。由上文“they do us all a great service by passing on their findings to industry”可知，句子表示“他们实际上为我们所有人提供了巨大的服务，因为他们将自己的发现传递给相关行业，这些行业随后可以填补安全漏洞”，空格处意为“填补”，是plug，can是情态动词，因此空格处用原形，故选I。 【17题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：如果你和那些轻视DefCon参会者、认为他们是一群社会不适应者的人一样，那么你可能90%的在线账户都使用同一个密码，这是非常危险的。由空后“the DefCon attendees as a bunch of social misfits”可知，句子表示“轻视DefCon参会者”，空格处意为“轻视”，是dismiss，由have是原形可知，句子时态是一般现在时，who指代的先行词those是复数，因此dismiss用原形，故选B。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：即使你认为自己很聪明，把祖母的生日倒过来作为密码，但与这些人相比，你根本不是他们的对手。由上文“which is risky”可知，句子表示“你认为自己很聪明，把祖母的生日倒过来作为密码，但与这些人相比，你根本不是他们的对手”，空格处意为“对手”，是match，空前有no，空格处用单数，故选E。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：在网上，没有比普通互联网用户更无知的存在了。由上文“I’m also aware that there are other people out there who are trying to get more and more access to our personal data”可知，句子表示“没有比普通互联网用户更无知的存在了”，空格处意为“无知”，用名词作宾语，是ignorance，是不可数名词，故选D。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但有一群人对网络自由充满热情，他们有办法帮助我们保护自己的隐私。由下文“have the means to help us protect our privacy”可知，句子表示“有一群人对网络自由充满热情，他们有办法帮助我们保护自己的隐私”，空格处意为“热情的”，用形容词作表语，是passionate，故选G。 Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Imagine a world where machines don’t just respond to commands but actually understand how you feel. Your phone senses sadness in your voice and suggests calling a friend; your computer sees you’ re tired and reminds you to rest. Sounds ____21____? Not anymore. Emotion AI — the technology that allows machines to recognize and interpret human emotions — is already here. For Rana el Kaliouby, this idea was ____22____. Years ago, when she moved from Egypt to the UK, she and her husband kept in touch through text messages. But something was ____23____: No matter how many words they exchanged, he couldn’t see the exhaustion on her face or hear the sadness in her voice. That experience planted a seed in her mind: What if technology could bridge that emotional ____24____? Driven by this vision, she co-founded Affectiva, a company specializing in emotion-detecting AI. The concept is simple yet powerful. Machines are trained to recognize emotions through facial expressions, tone of voice, and even body language. Affectiva, ____25____, works with marketing firms to analyze how people react to advertisements. Meanwhile, companies like Behavioral Signals focus on voice analysis, using tone and speech patterns to discover emotions in customer service calls. The potential ____26____ are vast, from education to healthcare to driver safety. But here’s the catch: recognizing an emotion isn’t the same as ____27____ it. A furrowed brow (皱眉) — does it mean anger, deep thought, or just bad lighting? A scowl (怒视) could signal frustration, but it might just as ____28____ indicate concentration. And then there’s ____29____ — what looks like excitement in one part of the world might be mistaken for anxiety in another. Beyond accuracy, there’s a bigger question: Should AI be _____30_____ to make decisions based on emotions? Some police forces have already experimented with emotion AI to assess whether people appear “suspicious.” Critics argue this is a _____31_____ game, especially since studies show AI can be prejudiced, sometimes interpreting emotions differently based on race or gender. The _____32_____ thing society needs is faulty technology influencing important decisions like hiring, law enforcement, or mental health diagnoses. _____33_____, the progress is undeniable. Car manufacturers are developing AI systems that monitor drivers’ emotions and _____34_____ if they appear distracted or tired. In classrooms, researchers are exploring ways AI could figure out when students are struggling or disengaged and adjust lessons in real time. So, where does that leave us? Emotion AI is fascinating, full of promise — but also full of risks. But one thing is certain: the line between human and machine is becoming _____35_____ with each passing day. 21. A. reasonable B. futuristic C. familiar D. necessary 22. A. personal B. ridiculous C. complex D. collective 23. A. unusual B. missing C. pointless D. accessible 24. A. wound B. variety C. tension D. gap 25. A. by contrast B. in addition C. in summary D. for example 26. A. applications B. obstacles C. transformations D. investments 27. A. conveying B. controlling C. understanding D. redirecting 28. A. barely B. slowly C. severely D. easily 29. A. improvement B. pressure C. disorder D. culture 30. A. requested B. trusted C. forbidden D. improved 31. A. casual B. dangerous C. strategic D. boring 32. A. urgent B. confusing C. last D. right 33. A. Still B. Rather C. Subsequently D. Consequently 34. A. wait B. leave C. intervene D. ignore 35. A. less clear B. less artificial C. more crucial D. more definable 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. D 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨情感AI的技术潜力及其伦理挑战，揭示人机交互边界的模糊性与风险。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你的手机感知到你声音中的悲伤，建议你给朋友打个电话；你的电脑发现你疲惫不堪，提醒你休息一下。听起来很科幻，未来才能发生？但这一切已成现实。A. reasonable合理的；B. futuristic未来感的，科幻的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. necessary必要的。根据上文“your computer sees you’ re tired and reminds you to rest.”及下文“Not anymore”可知，前文描述机器感知情绪的场景属于未来科技，后文提到加以否定，说明该技术已实现。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对Rana el Kaliouby而言，这个想法源于她的亲身经历。A. personal个人的；B. ridiculous荒谬的；C. complex复杂的；D. collective集体的。根据下文“Years ago, when she moved from Egypt to the UK, she and her husband kept in touch through text messages.”可知，后文讲述Rana的个人经历，需形容词修饰idea，体现“个人构想”。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但总缺少些什么：无论他们交换多少文字信息，对方始终看不到她脸上的倦容，也听不出她声音里的悲伤。A. unusual不寻常的；B. missing缺失的；C. pointless无意义的；D. accessible可获取的。根据下文“No matter how many words they exchanged, he couldn’t see the exhaustion on her face or hear the sadness in her voice.”可知，后文指出丈夫无法感知她的疲惫和悲伤，说明交流中“缺失”某些情感线索。固定搭配：something was missing意为“缺少某物”符合句意。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这段经历在她心中埋下一颗种子：如果技术能填补这种情感鸿沟会怎样？A. wound伤口；B. variety多样性；C. tension紧张；D. gap鸿沟，缺口。根据下文“No matter how many words they exchanged, he couldn’t see the exhaustion on her face or hear the sadness in her voice.”可知，前文提到无法感知情绪，因此后文提出用技术“弥合情感鸿沟”。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查副词短语词义辨析。句意：例如Affectiva公司与营销机构合作，分析人们对广告的情绪反应。A. by contrast相比之下；B. in addition此外；C. in summary总之；D. for example例如。这里以Affectiva为例说明技术应用，所以使用举例过渡词。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项技术的应用前景极为广阔，涵盖教育、医疗到驾驶员安全等领域。A. applications应用；B. obstacles障碍；C. transformations转变；D. investments投资。根据下文“from education to healthcare to driver safety.”可知，后文列举广告分析、语音识别等具体用途，这些是应用场景。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但关键在于：识别情绪不等于理解情绪。A. conveying传达；B. controlling控制；C. understanding理解；D. redirecting重定向。根据上文“But here’s the catch: recognizing an emotion”可知， 前文强调“识别情绪”，后文讨论“理解情绪”的复杂性，构成逻辑递进。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：一个怒视可能代表沮丧，但也同样可能只是专注的表现。A. barely几乎不；B. slowly缓慢地；C. severely严重地；D. easily容易地。这里表达怒视可能“轻易被误解”为专注，easily修饰误判的可能性。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外还有文化差异——某种表情在A地区代表兴奋，在B地区可能被误读为焦虑。A. improvement改进；B. pressure压力；C. disorder紊乱；D. culture文化。根据下文“what looks like excitement in one part of the world might be mistaken for anxiety in another.”可知，后文提到不同地区对同一表情的解读差异，涉及文化差异。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：除准确性外，更值得深思的是：我们该信任AI基于情绪做决定吗？A. requested被要求的；B. trusted被信任的；C. forbidden被禁止的；D. improved被改进的。根据下文“especially since studies show AI can be prejudiced, sometimes interpreting emotions differently based on race or gender.”可知，后文提到“偏见风险”，因此这里讨论是否应“信任AI做决策”，前后呼应。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：批评者认为这是危险的游戏，尤其有研究表明AI可能存在偏见，不同种族或性别的情绪解读结果会有差异。A. casual随意的；B. dangerous危险的；C. strategic战略的；D. boring无聊的。根据下文“especially since studies show AI can be prejudiced, sometimes interpreting emotions differently based on race or gender.”可知，后文指出AI偏见可能导致歧视，素以这里强调伦理风险。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：社会最不需要的，就是有缺陷的技术影响招聘、执法或心理健康诊断等重要决策。A. urgent紧急的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. last最后的；最不需要的；D. right正确的。根据下文“faulty technology influencing important decisions like hiring, law enforcement, or mental health diagnoses.”可知，这些是社会最不需要的东西。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，技术进步不可否认。A. Still尽管如此；B. Rather相反；C. Subsequently随后；D. Consequently因此。根据上文“Beyond accuracy, there’s a bigger question”及下文“the progress is undeniable”可知， 前文讨论风险，后文承认技术进步，需要表转折的副词。故填A。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：汽车制造商正在开发能监测驾驶员情绪的系统，一旦发现分心或疲劳便会主动干预。A. wait等待；B. leave离开；C. intervene干预；D. ignore忽略。根据上文“Car manufacturers are developing AI systems that monitor drivers’ emotions”可知，上文提到系统监测司机状态因此要发出警告，之后要开始干预驾驶行为以保证安全。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但有一件事是肯定的：人类和机器之间的界限正变得越来越不清晰。A. less clear更模糊；B. less artificial更不人工；C. more crucial更关键；D. more definable更可定义。根据上文“Imagine a world where machines don’t just respond to commands but actually understand how you feel. Your phone senses sadness in your voice and suggests calling a friend; your computer sees you’ re tired and reminds you to rest.”及“So, where does that leave us? Emotion AI is fascinating, full of promise—but also full of risks.”可知，情感本是人类专属领域，现在却被机器介入，技术充满希望也充满风险，因此这里强调人机界限“日益模糊”，呼应上文点明主题。故选A。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Soap bubbles (泡泡) are like little floating wonders. They’re light, delicate, and full of surprises. And, of course, they shine with beautiful colours! But if you look closely, you’ll notice something odd — bubbles show pink, green, yellow, and sometimes blue, but where are the other colours? Why don’t we see bright red, deep purple, or warm orange floating in the air? The secret behind a bubble’s colours lies in its thin film. The outer surface reflects light, and so does the inner surface. Light moves like a wave in this situation. Just like ripples (涟漪) on a pond, the light reflected from the inside travels a bit farther and may or may not match up with the light reflected from the outside. If the waves strengthen each other, the colour of that wavelength becomes visible. So far, so good — this process can create many colours. But where’s my red bubble? The light waves spreading from the bubble contain all the colours of the rainbow. However, we don’t see them separately because the soap film’s thickness often produces a mix of colours. Interestingly, the thickness that enhances red also enhances violet (紫色). But instead of seeing both, we only see pink. The violet wave ripples four times before exiting, while the red wave ripples three times. Yet, by the time they leave the bubble, they meet. Pink seems like a single colour, but it doesn’t actually exist in the rainbow — our brains create it by mixing red and violet. If the bubble’s surface becomes slightly thinner, the red and violet waves cancel each other out, leaving only green, which is a real rainbow colour. As the film gets even thinner, red and green appear together (both rippling about twice), but blue disappears, so we see yellow instead. We only see colours when the soap film is very thin — just one or two light wavelengths thick. This means there are only a few possible colour combinations, and red alone isn’t one of them. So, no red bubbles for me. It might be frustrating to hear, “That’s just how it is,” but in this case, I don’t mind. Every soap bubble follows the same rules, no matter how or where it’s made. It’s actually comforting to see the universe working in such a consistent way. Pink and green bubbles are simply nature’s design. 36. Light reflected from the outer and inner layers of a bubble interacts by ______. A. combining into stronger light B. either adding together or reducing each other C. absorbing each other to make a single colour D. passing through the bubble without changing 37. Why do we never see a perfectly red soap bubble? A. Red light always mixes with other colours. B. Red is too weak to be seen on a bubble’s surface. C. The bubble’s surface absorbs red light completely. D. The soap in the bubble prevents red light from reflecting. 38. What point does the writer make in the last paragraph? A. It’s nice that the natural world is filled with uncertainties. B. It’s good that the natural world follows clear scientific rules. C. It’s sad that we do nothing to change the colours of soap bubbles. D. It is frustrating to see the soap bubbles working in a consistent way. 39. What is the passage mainly about? A. Why light is so appealing. B. How soap bubbles are made. C. How light creates wonders in nature. D. Why some colours don’t appear in soap bubbles. 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. B 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是肥皂泡呈现颜色的原理，以及为什么我们看不到某些颜色（如红色）的肥皂泡。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Just like ripples on a pond, the light reflected from the inside travels a bit farther and may or may not match up with the light reflected from the outside. If the waves strengthen each other, the colour of that wavelength becomes visible. (就像池塘里的涟漪一样，从内部反射出来的光线会多走一段距离，可能与从外部反射出来的光线相遇，也可能不相遇。如果这两股波浪相互增强，那么那个波长的颜色就会变得可见。)”可知，从气泡的外层和内层反射的光通过加或减相互作用。故选B。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“However, we don’t see them separately because the soap film’s thickness often produces a mix of colours. Interestingly, the thickness that enhances red also enhances violet. But instead of seeing both, we only see pink. (然而，我们不能单独看到它们，因为肥皂膜的厚度经常会产生混合的颜色。有趣的是，增强红色的厚度也增强了紫色。但我们看不到两者，只看到粉红色。)”可知，我们从来没有看到一个完美的红色肥皂泡是因为红光总是和其他颜色混在一起。故选A。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Every soap bubble follows the same rules, no matter how or where it’s made. It’s actually comforting to see the universe working in such a consistent way. Pink and green bubbles are simply nature’s design. (每个肥皂泡都遵循同样的规则，不管它是在哪里或如何制造的。实际上，看到宇宙以如此一致的方式运行是令人欣慰的。粉色和绿色泡泡是大自然的设计。)”可知，作者在最后一段提出的观点是自然界遵循明确的科学规则是件好事。故选B。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“But if you look closely, you’ll notice something odd — bubbles show pink, green, yellow, and sometimes blue, but where are the other colours? Why don’t we see bright red, deep purple, or warm orange floating in the air? (但如果你仔细观察，你会发现一些奇怪的事情——气泡显示粉红色、绿色、黄色，有时是蓝色，但其他颜色在哪里？为什么我们看不到鲜红色、深紫色或暖橙色在空中飘浮？)”可知，本文主要讲的是肥皂泡呈现颜色的原理，以及为什么我们看不到某些颜色（如红色）的肥皂泡，因此D选项“Why some colours don’t appear in soap bubbles. (为什么有些颜色不出现在肥皂泡里。)”是文章的主旨。故选D。 (B) Hula Dancing Hula is a traditional Native Hawaiian dance that has been practiced for centuries, serving multiple purposes such as storytelling. religious expression, and entertainment. It is a deeply cultural and artistic form of movement that reflects Hawaiian history, values, and beliefs. Musical Instrument Native Hawaiians crafted their musical instruments using materials found in their environment, such as seeds, wood. gourds, and shells. These instruments were designed not only to create sound but also to reflect the natural beauty and harmony of the islands. Even today, many Hawaiians continue the practice of making these instruments by hand, preserving the traditional techniques passed down through generations. Hula Basics Locate a flat, smooth surface to ensure stability. Remove your socks and shoes for better control. Position your feet approximately four inches apart, maintaining a balanced stand. Slightly bend your knees and rest your hands on your hips (髋部). Initiate movement with your right foot by stepping to the right, bringing your left foot alongside it. Take another step to the right, then gently tap your left foot beside your right. Repeat to the left. Once comfortable with the footwork, add arm movements. When you step right, bend your left am and raise it to your chest with your elbow (手肘) straight out. Extend your right arm straight out to the side. Do the opposite when you step left. Hand Gestures The hand gestures in hula dancing serve as a visual language, enhancing the storytelling aspect of the performance by symbolizing elements of nature and emotions. ·To represent RAIN, gracefully lift both arms above your head, then lower them slowly in front of you while delicately moving your fingers, imitating falling raindrops. ·For FLOWER, lift your hands with your fingertips pressed together, creating the shape of a blossom. ·To illustrate WIND. extend your left hand forward while circling your right hand above your head twice. ·To show the rising SUN or MOON, begin with your hands together at waist level, then move each arm outward and upward in a smooth arc (弧线) over your head. Finally, form the shape of the sun or moon by bringing your fingertips together. 40. According to the passage, what is the significance of hula dancing? A. It reflects Hawaiians’ character. B. It helps keep Hawaiian culture alive. C. It relates Hawaiians to modern society. D. It represents Hawaiian people’s creativity. 41. Which of the following is a distinct feature of hula dancing? A. Dancers rely on fast movements with no set form. B. Dancers jump and turn to show the wonder of nature. C. Dancers remain in one place while moving their hands. D. Dancers use specific steps and arm movements together. 42. The following pictures show some hand gestures in hula dancing. Which two of them represent FLOWER and WIND respectively? A. 2 and 3. B. 1 and4 C. 2 and 4. D. 1 and 3. 【答案】40. B 41. D 42. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍夏威夷草裙舞，涵盖其文化意义、舞蹈基础，以及特色的舞步、手势与乐器知识 。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Hula is a traditional Native Hawaiian dance that has been practiced for centuries, serving multiple purposes such as storytelling, religious expression, and entertainment. It is a deeply cultural and artistic form of movement that reflects Hawaiian history, values, and beliefs.(草裙舞是一种传统的夏威夷本土舞蹈，已经传承了几个世纪，具有多种用途，如讲故事、宗教表达和娱乐。它是一种具有深厚文化和艺术内涵的舞蹈形式，反映了夏威夷的历史、价值观和信仰。)”可知，草裙舞作为一种有着悠久历史的传统舞蹈，承载着夏威夷的文化、历史、价值观和信仰等。由此推知，它有助于让夏威夷文化得以延续下去，即帮助保持夏威夷文化的活力。故选B。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据Hula Basics部分“Once comfortable with the footwork, add arm movements. When you step right, bend your left arm and raise it to your chest with your elbow (手肘) straight out. Extend your right arm straight out to the side. Do the opposite when you step left.(一旦对步法感到适应，就加上手臂动作。当你向右迈步时，弯曲你的左臂并将其举到胸前，手肘伸直。将你的右臂伸直向一侧伸展。当你向左迈步时，做相反的动作)”可知，草裙舞的一个明显特点是舞者要将特定的舞步和手臂动作结合起来。故选D。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据Hand Gestures部分“For FLOWER, lift your hands with your fingertips pressed together, creating the shape of a blossom.(对于‘花’，抬起你的手，使指尖压在一起，形成一朵花的形状)”可知，图片1中指尖压在一起形成花的形状，符合“花”的手势；“To illustrate WIND, extend your left hand forward while circling your right hand above your head twice.(为了表现‘风’，伸出你的左手向前，同时右手在头顶上方绕圈两次)”可知，图片3中左手向前伸出，右手在头顶绕圈，符合“风”的手势。所以代表“花”和“风”的手势分别是图片1和图片3。故选D。 (C) In the early 20th century, Henry Ford revolutionized industrial production by integrating moving production lines with mass labor, greatly lowering manufacturing costs and transforming the automobile from a luxury item into an accessible means of transportation. Today, a similar shift is unfolding in the service industry, as digital platforms use technological advancements and on-demand labor to deliver services that were once exclusive to the wealthy. Companies such as Uber, Handy, and Instacart have special consumer access, enabling individuals to secure personal drivers, household assistance, and grocery deliveries with minimal effort. However, the scope of the on-demand economy extends far beyond convenience services. Increasingly, essential professional areas, including healthcare, legal consultation, and business advisory services, are being restructured through digital platforms. Startups like Medicast, Axiom, and Freelancer.com facilitate interactions between independent professionals and clients in need of specialized expertise. Although still emerging, this economic model is expanding at an unparalleled pace: Uber, established in 2009, now operates in over 50 countries and had already reached a valuation of $40 billion by 2014. Several critical factors have fueled the expansion of this economic transformation. The digital revolution has not only enabled real-time connections between service providers and consumers but has also decentralized traditional workflows. A single person equipped-with-a laptop can now produce Hollywood-quality media, develop new software, or conduct in-depth legal research from virtually any location. This shift has got companies to increasingly favor contract-based specialists over full-time employees, improving business flexibility while also generating profits from previously untapped resources, such as personal vehicles or specialized expertise. Beyond technological drivers, socio-economic shifts have further sped up this transition. The decline of long-term job stability, worsened by automation and global outsourcing, has led to a decline in conventional employment models. Meanwhile, society is becoming increasingly polarized between those who possess financial capital but lack time and those with availability but limited financial means. The on-demand economy serves as a mechanism through which these two groups can exchange value efficiently. Yet, this transformation presents notable challenges. While consumers and flexibility-seeking workers benefit, those reliant on stable, full-time employment with comprehensive benefits face growing uncertainty. Many on-demand workers operate without traditional job security, healthcare provisions, or retirement plans, raising complex regulatory and policy concerns. Governments must respond by modernizing labor laws, streamlining tax frameworks for independent workers, and ensuring social protections become more adaptable to this evolving employment landscape. 43. What is the defining characteristic of on-demand economy? A. Digital platforms connect workers with customers when needed. B. Businesses put more emphasis on the advancement of technology. C. Markets rule out those unnecessary services to increase efficiency. D. Companies hire more temporary workers than long-term employees. 44. Which example best illustrates the idea of “decentralizing traditional workflows”? A. A company encourages employees to take part-time jobs. B. A software developer works with a global team remotely. C. A researcher does experiments in an advanced laboratory. D. A business asks in-house staff to handle most operations. 45. Which of the following is a driving force of the economic transition introduced in the passage? A. People tend to have either money or time. B. Business flexibility benefits workers equally. C. Full-time employees are becoming less available. D. Automation is gradually replaced by global outsourcing. 46. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The on-demand economy guarantees better job opportunities. B. Companies are seeking financial protection for on-demand workers. C. Governments may struggle to keep up with changes in the job market. D. Workers will no longer worry about employment benefits in the future. 【答案】43. A 44. B 45. A 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是按需经济（on-demand economy）的兴起、发展、驱动因素、影响以及面临的挑战。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Today, a similar shift is unfolding in the service industry, as digital platforms use technological advancements and on-demand labor to deliver services that were once exclusive to the wealthy.(如今，服务业也正在经历类似的转变，数字平台利用技术进步和按需劳动力来提供曾经仅为富人所享有的服务。)”可知，按需经济的定义特征是数字平台在需要时将员工与客户联系起来。故选A。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“A single person equipped-with-a laptop can now produce Hollywood-quality media, develop new software, or conduct in-depth legal research from virtually any location.(如今，一个配备笔记本电脑的人几乎可以在任何地方制作出好莱坞级别的媒体内容、开发新软件或进行深入的法律研究。)”可知，最能说明“分散传统工作流程”的概念的是软件开发人员与全球团队远程合作。故选B。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Meanwhile, society is becoming increasingly polarized between those who possess financial capital but lack time and those with availability but limited financial means. The on-demand economy serves as a mechanism through which these two groups can exchange value efficiently.(与此同时，社会正日益分化为两类人：一类是拥有资金但缺乏时间的人，另一类是有时间但资金有限的人。按需经济为这两类人提供了一种高效交换价值的机制。)”可知，经济转型的驱动力是人们要么有钱，要么有时间。故选A。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Governments must respond by modernizing labor laws, streamlining tax frameworks for independent workers, and ensuring social protections become more adaptable to this evolving employment landscape.(政府必须采取措施，使劳动法现代化，简化独立劳动者的税收框架，并确保社会保障更加适应这种不断变化的就业形势。)”可知，从最后一段可以推断出政府可能会努力跟上就业市场的变化。故选C。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Comeback of Independent Bookstores For years, bookstores have held a special place in people’s hearts, often appearing in films as charming spaces, like The Shop Around the Corner from You’ve Got Mail. Part of their appeal comes from the sense that independent bookstores belong to a past era, giving them a romantic and slightly sad feel. ____47____ The American Booksellers Association reported that their number in the U. S. grew from 1,712 to 1,775 in one year, totaling 2,311 locations. This marks seven years of growth. Sales also increased by 5% in the first four months of the year, and their share of total book sales rose from 7% in 2020 to 10% last year. Several factors contribute to the success of independent bookstores. Advances in technology have made managing inventory and finances easier for small businesses, and social media helps stores promote events. ____48____ Many bookstore owners are great fans of books and believe their communities need these spaces. For example, Brian Lampkin, who moved to Greensboro, North Carolina, noticed the absence of an independent bookstore downtown. He decided to open Scuppernong Books in a historic brick building in 2013. The bookstore focuses on literature rather than bestsellers. Lampkin believes independent bookstores provide something major book dealers often overlook — poetry, for instance, which is rarely found in large chain stores. ____49____ When Amazon introduced the Kindle in 2007,e-books gained popularity quickly, reaching 28% of book sales by 2013. Many assumed e-books would eventually dominate the market. However, physical books have held their ground, and e-book sales have even declined slightly to 24%. The market has settled into a balance where both coexist, allowing space for independent bookstores to develop. Despite their success, independent bookstores still face challenges. ____50____ However, customers appreciate their presence. Even as online book sales continue to grow, the survival of independent bookstores suggests they provide something truly valuable. A. Another reason for the comeback of bookstores is the shift in the e-book market. B. However, deeper reasons also play a role. C. It’s becoming apparent that paper books turned out to have advantages over e-books. D. Surprisingly, though, independent bookstores are doing well. E. The numbers are growing because business is growing. F. They are not high-growth businesses, and owners do not get rich from them. 【答案】47. D 48. B 49. A 50. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述独立书店卷土重来，受到欢迎，并分析了独立书店的成功的几个因素。 【47题详解】 上文“Part of their appeal comes from the sense that independent bookstores belong to a past era, giving them a romantic and slightly sad feel.(它们的吸引力部分来自于独立书店属于过去时代的感觉，给人一种浪漫而略带悲伤的感觉)”提到，书店的吸引力来自于它属于过去时代的感觉，给人一种浪漫而略带悲伤的感觉，下文“The American Booksellers Association reported that their number in the U. S. grew from 1,712 to 1,775 in one year, totaling 2,311 locations. This marks seven years of growth.(美国书商协会报告称，美国书商的数量在一年内从1712家增加到1775家，共计2311家。这标志着七年的增长)”提到独立书店的增长趋势，和第一段之间是转折关系，D项“然而，令人惊讶的是，独立书店经营得很好”符合语境，故选D。 【48题详解】 根据上文“Several factors contribute to the success of independent bookstores. Advances in technology have made managing inventory and finances easier for small businesses, and social media helps stores promote events.(独立书店的成功有几个因素。科技的进步使小企业更容易管理库存和财务，社交媒体帮助商店宣传活动)”可知，本段主要介绍独立书店成功的几个因素，前文讲了科技进步和社交媒体方面的因素，结合下文“Many bookstore owners are great fans of books and believe their communities need these spaces.(许多书店老板都是书迷，相信他们的社区需要这些空间)”可知，空处应是提及其他因素，B项“然而，更深层次的原因也起了作用”符合语境，故选B。 【49题详解】 根据下文“When Amazon introduced the Kindle in 2007, e-books gained popularity quickly, reaching 28% of book sales by 2013. Many assumed e-books would eventually dominate the market. However, physical books have held their ground, and e-book sales have even declined slightly to 24%. The market has settled into a balance where both coexist, allowing space for independent bookstores to develop.(当亚马逊在2007年推出Kindle时，电子书迅速流行起来，到2013年已占图书销量的28%。许多人认为电子书最终会主导市场。然而，实体书一直站稳脚跟，电子书的销量甚至略有下降，降至24%。市场已经达到了两者共存的平衡，为独立书店的发展提供了空间)”可知，本段是讲电子书市场的下降也促成了独立书店的成功，A项“书店卷土重来的另一个原因是电子书市场的转变”符合语境，故选A。 【50题详解】 上文“Despite their success, independent bookstores still face challenges.(尽管取得了成功，独立书店仍然面临着挑战)”提到独立书店仍然面临着挑战，空处应是描述具体的挑战，F项“它们不是高增长业务，所有者也不会从中致富”符合语境，故选F。 Ⅳ. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Helping Workers Switch Off In today’s fast-paced, technology-drive n world, maintaining a healthy work-life balance has become a growing challenge for employees. Many workers struggle to disconnect from their jobs even after office hours, leading to stress, burnout, and, in extreme cases, serious health consequences. In some countries, employees feel pressure to be constantly available, answering emails and work-related messages late into the evening. In Japan, for example, the culture of long working hours has resulted in cases of “karoshi,” or death from overwork. Similarly, in Spain, the traditional 11-hour workday, which includes a lengthy midday break, often prevents workers from spending adequate time at home due to long commutes. One of the main reasons for this issue is the increasing dependence on digital communication, which allows employers to reach workers at any time. Many companies have not established clear boundaries between work and personal life, leading to an expectation that employees must always be responsive. In some countries, historical work culture also plays a role. Spain’s existing time zone and work schedule are not well-suited to employees’ natural daily rhythms, while Japan’s strong work culture has created a workplace environment where working late is expected. To address these concerns, several countries have introduced policies to help employees switch off from work. France has introduced a law granting workers the “right to disconnect,” preventing companies with over 50 employees from requiring staff to answer emails outside office hours. Germany has taken similar measures, with major corporations like Volkswagen and BMW banning managers from contacting employees after hours. Spain is considering reducing work hours and adjusting its time zone to make daily schedules more manageable. In Japan, efforts to fight overwork include strict regulations requiring employees to leave by 8 p.m., with office lights turned off and anyone still at their desk sent home. These initiatives all signal a positive shift toward healthier work environments. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 In today’s fast-paced tech-driven world, workers find it hard to disconnect from work, causing stress and health issues. This is due to digital communication and unclear work-life boundaries, and in some countries, historical work culture also plays a role. Some countries have introduced policies to help employees switch off, promoting healthier work environments. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。在当今这个快节奏、科技驱动的世界里，劳动者发现很难从工作中抽离出来，这引发了压力和健康问题。这归因于数字通信以及工作与生活界限的不清晰。一些国家已经出台政策，帮助员工从工作中解脱出来，促进形成更健康的工作环境。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①In today’s fast-paced, technology-drive n world, maintaining a healthy work-life balance has become a growing challenge for employees. Many workers struggle to disconnect from their jobs even after office hours, leading to stress, burnout, and, in extreme cases, serious health consequences. ②One of the main reasons for this issue is the increasing dependence on digital communication. In some countries, historical work culture also plays a role. ③To address these concerns, several countries have introduced policies to help employees switch off from work. These initiatives all signal a positive shift toward healthier work environments. 2. 缜密构思将第 1、2 两个要点进行因果关联，第 3 要点单独表述。 3. 遣词造句 In today’s fast-paced, tech-driven world, workers find it hard to disconnect from work, causing stress and health issues. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】In today’s fast-paced, tech-driven world, workers find it hard to disconnect from work, causing stress and health issues. 运用“find it+adj.+to do sth.”结构，it作形式宾语，不定式为真正宾语，并且用现在分词causing作结果状语，简洁且高级地表达员工难以脱离工作这一现象，对原文第一段进行了概括。 【高分句型 2】Some countries have introduced policies to help employees switch off, promoting healthier work environments.使用不定式to help作目的状语，和现在分词promoting作结果状语，对原文第三段进行了概括。 Ⅴ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 学生通过参与科研项目接触到了前沿技术。(exposure)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Students gained exposure to cutting-edge technology by participating in research projects. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语、时态和名词短语。表示“接触到；了解到”应用动词短语gain exposure to，作谓语动词，由句意此处应用一般过去时，表示“前沿技术”应用名词短语cutting-edge technologies，作宾语，表示“参与”应用动词短语participate in，此处应用介词短语by participating in作方式状语，表示“科研项目”应用名词短语research projects，作宾语，故翻译为Students gained exposure to cutting-edge technologies by participating in research projects。 53. 志愿者们用通俗易懂的语言帮助老年人提高金融素养。(by means of) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Volunteers help elderly people improve their financial literacy by means of easy-to-understand language. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语和时态。“志愿者们”翻译为volunteers，在句中作主语；“用（……的方法）”用短语by means of；“通俗易懂的语言”翻译为easy-to-understand language；“帮助某人做某事”用短语help sb. do sth.；“老年人”翻译为elderly people；“提高金融素养”翻译为improve their financial literacy。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故翻译为Volunteers help elderly people improve their financial literacy by means of easy-to-understand language. 54. 本届音乐节的主题是“春天的律动”，这将为观众带来一场充满春天气息与艺术魅力的视听盛会。(present)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The theme of this year’s music festival is “Rhythm of Spring”, which will present the audience with an audio-visual feast full of spring vitality and artistic charm. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词、动词、定语从句和形容词短语。先处理关键词：“主题”译为“the theme”,“本届音乐节”译为 this year’s music festival，“春天的律动”译为Rhythm of Spring，此处是专有名词首字母大写，保留诗意，“带来”使用动词present，“present sb. with sth. ”，意为“向某人呈现某物”，“视听盛会”使用固定搭配 audio-visual feast，“春天气息”译为 spring vitality，“艺术魅力”译为 artistic charm，“充满春天气息与艺术魅力的视听盛会”使用形容词短语“full of sth.”作后置定语修饰feast，即with an audio-visual feast full of spring vitality and artistic charm；本句使用非限制性定语从句连接两个分句，先行词是“ this year’s music festival”，在从句中作主语，指物，使用关系which引导，主句：本届音乐节的主题是“春天的律动”，可以翻译为：The theme of this year’s music festival is “Rhythm of Spring”，从句“这将为观众带来一场充满春天气息与艺术魅力的视听盛会”翻译为：which will present the audience with an audio-visual feast full of spring vitality and artistic charm。故翻译为The theme of this year's music festival is “Rhythm of Spring”, which will present the audience with an audio-visual feast full of spring vitality and artistic charm. 55. 智慧城市的智能管理不仅需要大数据分析，更依赖城市规划师、工程师和数据科学家的集思广益与推陈出新。(not only)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The smart management of smart cities not only requires big data analysis, but also relies on the brainstorming and innovation of urban planners, engineers and data scientists. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定搭配，时态和主谓一致。“智慧城市的智能管理”是the smart management of smart cities，“不仅……更……”是固定搭配not only...but also...，“需要”是require，句子说明客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语management是不可数名词，require用第三人称单数，“大数据分析”是big data analysis，“依赖”是rely on，rely用第三人称单数，“集思广益与推陈出新”是the brainstorming and innovation，“城市规划师”是urban planner，planner用复数，“工程师”是engineer，用复数，“数据科学家”是data scientist，scientist用复数，用of表所属。故翻译为The smart management of smart cities not only requires big data analysis, but also relies on the brainstorming and innovation of urban planners, engineers and data scientists. Ⅵ. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华，最近收到笔友Tom的邮件，在邮件中他提到自己即将前往上海一所高中担任志愿者，教授该校学生英语，他想了解一下适合中国学生的英语学习内容。请回复他一封邮件，内容须包括： (1)你建议他教授哪些内容; (2)你的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Tom, Glad to know you’re coming to Shanghai as a volunteer English teacher. Here are my suggestions. Firstly, spoken English is a must. Many Chinese students can do well in written tests but struggle to communicate. Dialogues, daily expressions and pronunciation practice would help them gain confidence in speaking. Secondly, introduce some interesting English cultures, like festivals and customs. It can not only arouse their interest but also deepen their understanding of the language. Last but not least, English songs and movies are great teaching materials. They make learning fun and students can pick up new words and phrases unconsciously. I believe with your dedication and these contents, students will surely benefit a lot. Looking forward to hearing your good news. Best regards, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生回复笔友Tom一封邮件介绍适合中国学生英语学习内容。其内容包括：你建议他教授哪些内容和你的理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴：glad→happy 建议：suggestion→advice 首先：firstly→to begin with 帮助：help→assist 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Last but not least, English songs and movies are great teaching materials. They make learning fun and students can pick up new words and phrases unconsciously. 拓展句：Last but not least, English songs and movies are great teaching materials, which will make learning fun and help students can pick up new words and phrases unconsciously. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 Glad to know you’re coming to Shanghai as a volunteer English teacher. （运用了省略that的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】 It can not only arouse their interest but also deepen their understanding of the language. （运用了并列连词not only...but also） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2024学年高三年级第二次质量调研 英语试卷 Ⅰ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Race to the Frozen North On April 6, 1909, six determined men stood at the top of the world, claiming victory over one of Earth’s last great frontiers — the North Pole. Their leader, Robert E. Peary, captured the historic moment in photographs as his team proudly held up their flags. Among them was Matthew Henson, an experienced explorer ___1___ skills had been vital to their success. He held a unique flag, ___2___(sew) together from different pieces of fabric, while four expert Inuit hunters stood by his side. They guided the team through the endless frozen wilderness. Reaching this ice-covered world was not easy. Many had tried before them, only ___3___ (force) back by terrible conditions. Peary’s success was not just luck — it was careful strategy, perseverance, and the strength of his team. He relied heavily ___4___ Henson, who had journeyed with him through the Arctic before. Henson wasn’t just an explorer; he was a survivalist, trained by the Inuit (因纽特人) in the art of handling the ice. But no amount of skill ___5___ make overcoming the Arctic any easier. The wind screamed like a wild beast, and the temperature dropped to a freezing minus 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Henson later wrote in his journal, “Freezing of the whole front part of the face is an ordinary occurrence.” Ice formed on their skin, ___6___ (bite) deeper with every burst of wind. Frostbite (冻疮) was a constant threat. Peary himself had lost toes on earlier adventures. Despite ___7___ they endured, they kept pushing forward. Their food was simple but packed with energy: pemmican, a dense mixture of dried meat, animal fat, and berries. ___8___ it did little to satisfy true hunger, it did keep them alive. Their days were long and exhausting. Yet they refused to stop. Then, at last, they arrived. The vast, icy emptiness ___9___ (stretch) in every direction. Henson, moving quickly ahead, was the first to mark their achievement. When Peary arrived, they planted their flags, securing their place in history. The impossible ____10____ (conquer). Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. capabilities B. dismiss C. examine D. ignorance E. match F. misrepresentation G. passionate H. point I. plug J. relieving K. worrying The Hackers Who Protect Your Security Have you ever locked yourself out of your house and had to try to break in? First you get a sense of accomplishment in succeeding. But then comes the ____11____ realization that if you can break into your own place as an amateur, a professional could do it five times faster. So you look for the weak ____12____ in your security and fix it. Well, that’s more or less how the DefCon hackers (黑客) conference works. Every year, hackers meet in Las Vegas to test their knowledge and ____13____. Mention the word “hacker” and many of us picture a seventeen-year-old student sitting in a bedroom, illegally hacking into the government systems. But that is actually a(n) ____14____ of what most hackers do. The activities that take place at DefCon have an enormous impact on our daily lives. Here, computer addicts who can’t break the habit or resist the challenge of finding security gaps ____15____ all kinds of systems, from the internet to mobile communications to household door locks. And then they try to hack them. In doing so, they do us all a great service by passing on their findings to industry, which can then ____16____ the security holes. If you’re among those who ____17____ the DefCon attendees as a bunch of social misfits, then you probably have the same password for 90 percent of your online existence, which is risky. Even if you think you’re being clever by using your grandmother’s birth date backwards as a password, you’re no ____18____ for these people. There is no greater ____19____ to be found online than that of an average Internet user. I’m happy to admit that I’m one of them. I’m also aware that there are other people out there who are trying to get more and more access to our personal data. Sadly, we have few tools to protect ourselves. But there is a group of people who are ____20____ about online freedom and have the means to help us protect our privacy. Many of them can be found at DefCon. Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Imagine a world where machines don’t just respond to commands but actually understand how you feel. Your phone senses sadness in your voice and suggests calling a friend; your computer sees you’ re tired and reminds you to rest. Sounds ____21____? Not anymore. Emotion AI — the technology that allows machines to recognize and interpret human emotions — is already here. For Rana el Kaliouby, this idea was ____22____. Years ago, when she moved from Egypt to the UK, she and her husband kept in touch through text messages. But something was ____23____: No matter how many words they exchanged, he couldn’t see the exhaustion on her face or hear the sadness in her voice. That experience planted a seed in her mind: What if technology could bridge that emotional ____24____? Driven by this vision, she co-founded Affectiva, a company specializing in emotion-detecting AI. The concept is simple yet powerful. Machines are trained to recognize emotions through facial expressions, tone of voice, and even body language. Affectiva, ____25____, works with marketing firms to analyze how people react to advertisements. Meanwhile, companies like Behavioral Signals focus on voice analysis, using tone and speech patterns to discover emotions in customer service calls. The potential ____26____ are vast, from education to healthcare to driver safety. But here’s the catch: recognizing an emotion isn’t the same as ____27____ it. A furrowed brow (皱眉) — does it mean anger, deep thought, or just bad lighting? A scowl (怒视) could signal frustration, but it might just as ____28____ indicate concentration. And then there’s ____29____ — what looks like excitement in one part of the world might be mistaken for anxiety in another. Beyond accuracy, there’s a bigger question: Should AI be _____30_____ to make decisions based on emotions? Some police forces have already experimented with emotion AI to assess whether people appear “suspicious.” Critics argue this is a _____31_____ game, especially since studies show AI can be prejudiced, sometimes interpreting emotions differently based on race or gender. The _____32_____ thing society needs is faulty technology influencing important decisions like hiring, law enforcement, or mental health diagnoses. _____33_____, the progress is undeniable. Car manufacturers are developing AI systems that monitor drivers’ emotions and _____34_____ if they appear distracted or tired. In classrooms, researchers are exploring ways AI could figure out when students are struggling or disengaged and adjust lessons in real time. So, where does that leave us? Emotion AI is fascinating, full of promise — but also full of risks. But one thing is certain: the line between human and machine is becoming _____35_____ with each passing day. 21. A. reasonable B. futuristic C. familiar D. necessary 22. A. personal B. ridiculous C. complex D. collective 23 A. unusual B. missing C. pointless D. accessible 24. A. wound B. variety C. tension D. gap 25. A. by contrast B. in addition C. in summary D. for example 26. A. applications B. obstacles C. transformations D. investments 27. A. conveying B. controlling C. understanding D. redirecting 28. A. barely B. slowly C. severely D. easily 29. A. improvement B. pressure C. disorder D. culture 30. A. requested B. trusted C. forbidden D. improved 31. A. casual B. dangerous C. strategic D. boring 32. A. urgent B. confusing C. last D. right 33. A. Still B. Rather C. Subsequently D. Consequently 34. A. wait B. leave C. intervene D. ignore 35. A. less clear B. less artificial C. more crucial D. more definable Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Soap bubbles (泡泡) are like little floating wonders. They’re light, delicate, and full of surprises. And, of course, they shine with beautiful colours! But if you look closely, you’ll notice something odd — bubbles show pink, green, yellow, and sometimes blue, but where are the other colours? Why don’t we see bright red, deep purple, or warm orange floating in the air? The secret behind a bubble’s colours lies in its thin film. The outer surface reflects light, and so does the inner surface. Light moves like a wave in this situation. Just like ripples (涟漪) on a pond, the light reflected from the inside travels a bit farther and may or may not match up with the light reflected from the outside. If the waves strengthen each other, the colour of that wavelength becomes visible. So far, so good — this process can create many colours. But where’s my red bubble? The light waves spreading from the bubble contain all the colours of the rainbow. However, we don’t see them separately because the soap film’s thickness often produces a mix of colours. Interestingly, the thickness that enhances red also enhances violet (紫色). But instead of seeing both, we only see pink. The violet wave ripples four times before exiting, while the red wave ripples three times. Yet, by the time they leave the bubble, they meet. Pink seems like a single colour, but it doesn’t actually exist in the rainbow — our brains create it by mixing red and violet. If the bubble’s surface becomes slightly thinner, the red and violet waves cancel each other out, leaving only green, which is a real rainbow colour. As the film gets even thinner, red and green appear together (both rippling about twice), but blue disappears, so we see yellow instead. We only see colours when the soap film is very thin — just one or two light wavelengths thick. This means there are only a few possible colour combinations, and red alone isn’t one of them. So, no red bubbles for me. It might be frustrating to hear, “That’s just how it is,” but in this case, I don’t mind. Every soap bubble follows the same rules, no matter how or where it’s made. It’s actually comforting to see the universe working in such a consistent way. Pink and green bubbles are simply nature’s design. 36 Light reflected from the outer and inner layers of a bubble interacts by ______. A. combining into stronger light B. either adding together or reducing each other C. absorbing each other to make a single colour D. passing through the bubble without changing 37. Why do we never see a perfectly red soap bubble? A. Red light always mixes with other colours. B. Red is too weak to be seen on a bubble’s surface. C. The bubble’s surface absorbs red light completely. D. The soap in the bubble prevents red light from reflecting. 38. What point does the writer make in the last paragraph? A. It’s nice that the natural world is filled with uncertainties. B. It’s good that the natural world follows clear scientific rules. C. It’s sad that we do nothing to change the colours of soap bubbles. D. It is frustrating to see the soap bubbles working in a consistent way. 39. What is the passage mainly about? A. Why light is so appealing. B. How soap bubbles are made. C. How light creates wonders in nature. D. Why some colours don’t appear in soap bubbles. (B) Hula Dancing Hula is a traditional Native Hawaiian dance that has been practiced for centuries, serving multiple purposes such as storytelling. religious expression, and entertainment. It is a deeply cultural and artistic form of movement that reflects Hawaiian history, values, and beliefs. Musical Instrument Native Hawaiians crafted their musical instruments using materials found in their environment, such as seeds, wood. gourds, and shells. These instruments were designed not only to create sound but also to reflect the natural beauty and harmony of the islands. Even today, many Hawaiians continue the practice of making these instruments by hand, preserving the traditional techniques passed down through generations. Hula Basics Locate a flat, smooth surface to ensure stability. Remove your socks and shoes for better control. Position your feet approximately four inches apart, maintaining a balanced stand. Slightly bend your knees and rest your hands on your hips (髋部). Initiate movement with your right foot by stepping to the right bringing your left foot alongside it. Take another step to the right, then gently tap your left foot beside your right. Repeat to the left. Once comfortable with the footwork, add arm movements. When you step right, bend your left am and raise it to your chest with your elbow (手肘) straight out. Extend your right arm straight out to the side. Do the opposite when you step left. Hand Gestures The hand gestures in hula dancing serve as a visual language, enhancing the storytelling aspect of the performance by symbolizing elements of nature and emotions. ·To represent RAIN, gracefully lift both arms above your head, then lower them slowly in front of you while delicately moving your fingers, imitating falling raindrops. ·For FLOWER, lift your hands with your fingertips pressed together, creating the shape of a blossom. ·To illustrate WIND. extend your left hand forward while circling your right hand above your head twice. ·To show the rising SUN or MOON, begin with your hands together at waist level, then move each arm outward and upward in a smooth arc (弧线) over your head. Finally, form the shape of the sun or moon by bringing your fingertips together. 40. According to the passage, what is the significance of hula dancing? A. It reflects Hawaiians’ character. B. It helps keep Hawaiian culture alive. C. It relates Hawaiians to modern society. D. It represents Hawaiian people’s creativity. 41. Which of the following is a distinct feature of hula dancing? A. Dancers rely on fast movements with no set form. B. Dancers jump and turn to show the wonder of nature. C. Dancers remain in one place while moving their hands. D. Dancers use specific steps and arm movements together. 42. The following pictures show some hand gestures in hula dancing. Which two of them represent FLOWER and WIND, respectively? A 2 and 3. B. 1 and4 C. 2 and 4. D. 1 and 3. (C) In the early 20th century, Henry Ford revolutionized industrial production by integrating moving production lines with mass labor, greatly lowering manufacturing costs and transforming the automobile from a luxury item into an accessible means of transportation. Today, a similar shift is unfolding in the service industry, as digital platforms use technological advancements and on-demand labor to deliver services that were once exclusive to the wealthy. Companies such as Uber, Handy, and Instacart have special consumer access, enabling individuals to secure personal drivers, household assistance, and grocery deliveries with minimal effort. However, the scope of the on-demand economy extends far beyond convenience services. Increasingly, essential professional areas, including healthcare, legal consultation, and business advisory services, are being restructured through digital platforms. Startups like Medicast, Axiom, and Freelancer.com facilitate interactions between independent professionals and clients in need of specialized expertise. Although still emerging, this economic model is expanding at an unparalleled pace: Uber, established in 2009, now operates in over 50 countries and had already reached a valuation of $40 billion by 2014. Several critical factors have fueled the expansion of this economic transformation. The digital revolution has not only enabled real-time connections between service providers and consumers but has also decentralized traditional workflows. A single person equipped-with-a laptop can now produce Hollywood-quality media, develop new software, or conduct in-depth legal research from virtually any location. This shift has got companies to increasingly favor contract-based specialists over full-time employees, improving business flexibility while also generating profits from previously untapped resources, such as personal vehicles or specialized expertise. Beyond technological drivers, socio-economic shifts have further sped up this transition. The decline of long-term job stability, worsened by automation and global outsourcing, has led to a decline in conventional employment models. Meanwhile, society is becoming increasingly polarized between those who possess financial capital but lack time and those with availability but limited financial means. The on-demand economy serves as a mechanism through which these two groups can exchange value efficiently. Yet, this transformation presents notable challenges. While consumers and flexibility-seeking workers benefit, those reliant on stable, full-time employment with comprehensive benefits face growing uncertainty. Many on-demand workers operate without traditional job security, healthcare provisions, or retirement plans, raising complex regulatory and policy concerns. Governments must respond by modernizing labor laws, streamlining tax frameworks for independent workers, and ensuring social protections become more adaptable to this evolving employment landscape. 43. What is the defining characteristic of on-demand economy? A. Digital platforms connect workers with customers when needed. B. Businesses put more emphasis on the advancement of technology. C. Markets rule out those unnecessary services to increase efficiency. D. Companies hire more temporary workers than long-term employees. 44. Which example best illustrates the idea of “decentralizing traditional workflows”? A. A company encourages employees to take part-time jobs. B. A software developer works with a global team remotely. C. A researcher does experiments in an advanced laboratory. D. A business asks in-house staff to handle most operations. 45. Which of the following is a driving force of the economic transition introduced in the passage? A. People tend to have either money or time. B. Business flexibility benefits workers equally. C. Full-time employees are becoming less available. D. Automation is gradually replaced by global outsourcing. 46. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The on-demand economy guarantees better job opportunities. B. Companies are seeking financial protection for on-demand workers. C. Governments may struggle to keep up with changes in the job market. D. Workers will no longer worry about employment benefits in the future. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Comeback of Independent Bookstores For years, bookstores have held a special place in people’s hearts, often appearing in films as charming spaces, like The Shop Around the Corner from You’ve Got Mail. Part of their appeal comes from the sense that independent bookstores belong to a past era, giving them a romantic and slightly sad feel. ____47____ The American Booksellers Association reported that their number in the U. S. grew from 1,712 to 1,775 in one year, totaling 2,311 locations. This marks seven years of growth. Sales also increased by 5% in the first four months of the year, and their share of total book sales rose from 7% in 2020 to 10% last year. Several factors contribute to the success of independent bookstores. Advances in technology have made managing inventory and finances easier for small businesses, and social media helps stores promote events. ____48____ Many bookstore owners are great fans of books and believe their communities need these spaces. For example, Brian Lampkin, who moved to Greensboro, North Carolina, noticed the absence of an independent bookstore downtown. He decided to open Scuppernong Books in a historic brick building in 2013. The bookstore focuses on literature rather than bestsellers. Lampkin believes independent bookstores provide something major book dealers often overlook — poetry, for instance, which is rarely found in large chain stores. ____49____ When Amazon introduced the Kindle in 2007,e-books gained popularity quickly, reaching 28% of book sales by 2013. Many assumed e-books would eventually dominate the market. However, physical books have held their ground, and e-book sales have even declined slightly to 24%. The market has settled into a balance where both coexist, allowing space for independent bookstores to develop. Despite their success, independent bookstores still face challenges. ____50____ However, customers appreciate their presence. Even as online book sales continue to grow, the survival of independent bookstores suggests they provide something truly valuable. A. Another reason for the comeback of bookstores is the shift in the e-book market. B. However, deeper reasons also play a role. C. It’s becoming apparent that paper books turned out to have advantages over e-books. D. Surprisingly though, independent bookstores are doing well. E. The numbers are growing because business is growing. F. They are not high-growth businesses, and owners do not get rich from them. Ⅳ. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Helping Workers Switch Off In today’s fast-paced, technology-drive n world, maintaining a healthy work-life balance has become a growing challenge for employees. Many workers struggle to disconnect from their jobs even after office hours, leading to stress, burnout, and, in extreme cases, serious health consequences. In some countries, employees feel pressure to be constantly available, answering emails and work-related messages late into the evening. In Japan, for example, the culture of long working hours has resulted in cases of “karoshi,” or death from overwork. Similarly, in Spain, the traditional 11-hour workday, which includes a lengthy midday break, often prevents workers from spending adequate time at home due to long commutes. One of the main reasons for this issue is the increasing dependence on digital communication, which allows employers to reach workers at any time. Many companies have not established clear boundaries between work and personal life, leading to an expectation that employees must always be responsive. In some countries, historical work culture also plays a role. Spain’s existing time zone and work schedule are not well-suited to employees’ natural daily rhythms, while Japan’s strong work culture has created a workplace environment where working late is expected. To address these concerns, several countries have introduced policies to help employees switch off from work. France has introduced a law granting workers the “right to disconnect,” preventing companies with over 50 employees from requiring staff to answer emails outside office hours. Germany has taken similar measures, with major corporations like Volkswagen and BMW banning managers from contacting employees after hours. Spain is considering reducing work hours and adjusting its time zone to make daily schedules more manageable. In Japan, efforts to fight overwork include strict regulations requiring employees to leave by 8 p.m., with office lights turned off and anyone still at their desk sent home. These initiatives all signal a positive shift toward healthier work environments. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 学生通过参与科研项目接触到了前沿技术。(exposure)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 53. 志愿者们用通俗易懂的语言帮助老年人提高金融素养。(by means of) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 54. 本届音乐节的主题是“春天的律动”，这将为观众带来一场充满春天气息与艺术魅力的视听盛会。(present)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 55. 智慧城市的智能管理不仅需要大数据分析，更依赖城市规划师、工程师和数据科学家的集思广益与推陈出新。(not only)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ Ⅵ. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华，最近收到笔友Tom的邮件，在邮件中他提到自己即将前往上海一所高中担任志愿者，教授该校学生英语，他想了解一下适合中国学生的英语学习内容。请回复他一封邮件，内容须包括： (1)你建议他教授哪些内容; (2)你的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $