Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking-分层同步练习-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Reading and Thinking 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.The driver was 　　　　　　(blame) for the car accident yesterday because she was texting while driving.  2.Every moment of every day,energy is being transformed from one form 　　　　another. 3.Experts say hydrogen technology can reduce industrial gases 　　　　　　(link) to global warming.  4.The breakthrough discovery provided 　　　　　　(prove) of the scientist’s dedication to the pursuit of knowledge.  5.They were worried that a blood donation would do harm to their health or get them 　　　　　　(infect) with the disease.  6.People are holding a number of apparently 　　　　　　(contradict) attitudes towards what has happened.  Ⅱ.短语填空 once and for all,subscribe to,attend to,die from,thanks to 1.　　　　　　　　　 the invention of electricity,we can now enjoy the convenience of modern technology.  2.After years of debate,the results of the comprehensive study settled the argument 　　　. 3.I wholeheartedly 　　　　　　　　　the idea that renewable energy is a sustainable solution for our future.  4.　　　　　　　　　 the urgent matters at hand,she prioritized the most critical tasks to ensure everything ran smoothly.  5.Many endangered species 　　　　　　　　　habitat loss in recent years,highlighting the need for stronger animal protection measures.  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.他是如此聪明和勤奋,以至于可以解决许多科学难题。 He is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　he can solve many scientific problems.  2.失去对科学研究的欲望是一位科学家最糟糕的事情之一。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is one of the worst things for a scientist.  3.看起来他是一个天才科学家,因为他在年轻时就做出了重大发现。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,as he made significant discoveries at a young age.  4.对科学感兴趣的人更有可能从事创新的科学技术工作。 Those interested in science 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　innovative scientific and technological work.  5.他勤奋学习,紧跟本领域的最新研究,以便做出新的科学发明。 He studies diligently and keeps up with the latest research in his field 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  二、素养能力提升练 Ⅳ.阅读理解 A Nobel Prizes for medicine,physics,chemistry,economy,literature as well as peace work are awarded every October,each recognizing an individual’s or organization’s remarkable contribution in a specific field.Here is a quick guide of this year’s winners. Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman The two scientists contributed to the amazing rate of vaccine (疫苗) development during one of the greatest threats to human health in modern times. Pierre Agostini,Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier The trio are recognized for giving humanity new tools to explore the world of electrons,making it possible for us to understand and control how electrons behave in a material. Narges Mohammadi The Iranian activist is awarded for her fight against the suffering of women in Iran and her fight to promote women’s rights and freedom. Moungi G.Bawendi,Louis E.Brus and Alexei I.Ekimov Awarded for their development of quantum (量子) dots,the three chemists really take people’s breath away.These tiny particles can promote chemical reactions and their clear light can help doctors find harmful tissue in a patient’s body. Jon Fosse The Norwegian playwriter touches on the deepest feelings that people have—anxieties,insecurities,questions of life and death—such things that every human being actually encounters. Claudia Goldin The Harvard professor helped us understand gender differences in the labour market and advanced our understanding of women’s labour market outcomes. 1.Who wins Nobel Prize in Physics? A.Jon Fosse. B.Louis E.Brus. C.Ferenc Krausz. D.Drew Weissman. 2.What do Narges Mohammadi and Claudia Goldin have in common? A.They speak up for women. B.They support workers’ rights. C.They provide job opportunities. D.They promote economy development. 3.Where is the text most probably from? A.A brochure. B.A medical report. C.A newspaper. D.A science fiction. B There once lived a woman who had been blind for decades.Then one day,she found a doctor who treated the woman with a new device she had invented called the Laserphaco Probe.For the first time in over 30 years,the woman could regain her eyesight.The doctor responsible for this life-changing surgery was called Dr.Patricia E.Bath. Dr.Bath was an American ophthalmologist (眼科医生),researcher,and an advocate for the prevention,treatment,and cure of blindness.She had an interest in science and medicine from a young age,which she said was first evoked by a chemistry kit her mother had bought for her when she was young. During a fellowship at Columbia University,Dr.Bath realized that African Americans were twice as likely to suffer from blindness than other patients she attended to.This observation led to her development of a community ophthalmology system,which increased the amount of eye care given to underserved communities.This allowed thousands of people to get early preventative care for conditions that would have otherwise been untreated,saving the eyesight of many. Dr.Bath also invented a new technique to remove cataracts (白内障) by the Laserphaco Probe.This technique is still used around the world,and it has allowed doctors to restore patients’ eyesight in a more precise,and less painful manner than techniques before it. Cataracts develop as people age.They form when the proteins in the lens (晶状体) of the eye break down,making the lens cloudy.This can significantly affect vision.Traditional cataract surgery involved removing the cloudy lens of the eye and replacing it with an artificial lens.However,this surgery was not always successful,and could be quite painful.Dr.Bath succeeded in solving the problem. Dr.Bath made innovative contributions to the field of medicine which had long-lasting impacts on the communities she served. 4.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “evoked” in paragraph 2? A.Displayed. B.Decreased. C.Stimulated. D.Maintained. 5.Why did Dr.Bath create a community ophthalmology system? A.To offer eye care treatment to the poor. B.To help the blind regain their eyesight. C.To provide eye surgery for African Americans. D.To give real care to blind people. 6.What can we say about Dr.Bath’s device? A.It prevents proteins in the lens breaking down. B.It needs to be advertised around the world. C.It helps patients avoid getting cataracts. D.It makes cataract surgery better than before. 7.What would be the main idea of the text? A.A woman improved vision for millions. B.An inventor changed the face of science. C.A doctor had various medical skills. D.A researcher advocated the well-being of the poor. C The 97-year-old botanist,Margaret Bradshaw,is the chief caretaker of Teesdale’s rarest flowers.“Everything about Teesdale is unique,” says Bradshaw with pride—and the authority of someone who has just written a 288-page book on the subject.Bradshaw has been recording rare plants here since the early 1950s and has witnessed great decreases.Her data was the first to prove that—and the need to do something about it. The main reason for the decrease of these plants is an unusual one.The number of sheep in Teesdale had been reduced by half by 2000,as the uplands were generally believed there were too many sheep.Bradshaw says while sheep are hunted in some upland areas,reducing herding in Teesdale has been destructive.Longer grass overshadows the delicate (娇嫩) flowers,taking away the light they need to grow.As a result of her findings and her work with farmers who herd the land—as well as Natural England,which manages it—sheep numbers are increasing and the timing of herding is being carefully managed.This has led to the partial recovery of some plants. At 93,she set up Teesdale Special Flora Research and Conservation Trust to record rare plants.A keen horse rider,at 95,she did a 55-mile horse journey across Teesdale,raising almost $10,000 for the Trust.When asked about the secret to longevity,“Just keep going,” she says. “Keep at it.Don’t sit down and just watch TV.” “I recognise I’m getting older and I’ve been trying to get more people to take over and do the records.They don’t believe I won’t be here forever,” Bradshaw says.Despite Bradshaw’s guardianship of this land,and the love and energy she has put into saving it,the future here is unknown.The last words of her book speak to this endless loss.“This is our heritage,this unique plant species,mine and yours,” she writes.“In spite of trying,I have failed to prevent its decrease,now it is up to you.” 8.What is Margaret Bradshaw’s main work with the rare plants? A.Writing a book. B.Preventing their decrease. C.Collecting their data. D.Directing farmers to grow plants. 9.What contributed to the reduction of rare plants in Teesdale? A.Not enough sheep. B.Lack of fund. C.Poor management. D.Too many sheep. 10.What can we learn from Bradshaw’s words in the last paragraph? A.Unity brings strength. B.Many hands make light work. C.Youthful at heart,regardless of age. D.Advance what the forerunners began. 11.Which might be a suitable title for the text? A.Teesdale:Home to Rare Plants B.Battling for Teesdale’s Wildflowers C.Bradshaw:A 97-Year-Old Gardener D.Exploring Teesdale’s Unique Plants 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.to blame/blamed　2.into　3.linked　4.proof　5.infected　6.contradictory Ⅱ.1.Thanks to　2.once and for all　3.subscribe to　4.Attending to　5.have died from Ⅲ.1.so intelligent and diligent that　2.Losing one’s desire to do scientific research　3.It seemed that he was a genius scientist　4.are more likely to engage in　5.so that he can make new scientific inventions Ⅳ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了2023年诺贝尔奖获得者的事迹。 1.C　推理判断题。根据Pierre Agostini,Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier中“The trio are recognized for giving humanity new tools to explore the world of electrons”可知,这三位获奖者研究电子,由此可推知是他们获得的是物理奖,所以Ferenc Krausz获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。 2.A　细节理解题。根据Narges Mohammadi下的内容以及Claudia Goldin下的内容可知,Narges Mohammadi和Claudia Goldin二人的共同之处是都为女性发声。 3.C　推理判断题。根据文章大意可知,本文简单介绍了2023年的六位诺贝尔奖获得者。由此推知,这篇文章可能来自一份报纸。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国眼科医生 Patricia E.Bath的生平以及她在眼科领域的巨大贡献。 4.C　词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词前“She had an interest in science and medicine from a young age,...”和画线词后“a chemistry kit her mother had bought for her when she was young.”可知,这一兴趣最初是被她母亲买给她的一个化学试剂盒激发的,由此猜测,“evoked”在句中的含义与C项“激发”意思相近。 5.A　细节理解题。根据第三段的“This observation led to her development of a community ophthalmology system,which increased the amount of eye care given to underserved communities.”可知,Bath博士建立社区眼科系统的原因是为穷人提供眼部护理。 6.D　推理判断题。根据第四段的“This technique is still used around the world,and it has allowed doctors to restore patients,eyesight in a more precise,and less painful manner than techniques before it.”可知,Bath博士的发明使得去除白内障的技术更准确,更能减少痛苦。 7.A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲述了美国的 Patricia E.Bath在眼科领域的巨大贡献,她建立了社区眼科系统,发明了去除白内障的技术,改善了数百万人的视力。所以A项“A woman improved vision for millions.”为文章主旨。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。97岁的植物学家玛格丽特·布拉德肖是提斯代尔最稀有花卉的主要看护人,她希望让更多的人接手、做记录并且开创这个事业。 8.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Bradshaw has been recording rare plants here since the early 1950s”和“Her data was the first to prove that”可知,布拉德肖在珍稀植物方面的主要工作是收集数据。 9.A　推理判断题。根据第二段中“The main reason for the decrease of these plants is an unusual one.The number of sheep in Teesdale had been reduced by half by 2000”以及下文的内容可知,没有足够的羊导致了提斯代尔稀有植物的减少。 10.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘This is our heritage,this unique plant species,mine and yours,’she writes.‘In spite of trying,I have failed to prevent its decrease,now it is up to you.’”可知,D项符合。 11.B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲的是提斯代尔最稀有花卉的主要看护人——97岁的植物学家玛格丽特·布拉德肖的故事。她希望让更多的人接手、做记录并且开创这个事业。故文章最好的标题是“为提斯代尔的稀有花卉而奋斗”。 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $