Unit 1 People of Achievement Reading and Thinking 分层同步练习-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册

Reading and Thinking 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.With these experiences boosting my CV,I landed a job smoothly before I graduated 　　　　　　the university.  2.While cleaning the old house,I discovered those letters 　　　　　　chance in a box.  3.It is vital 　　　　　　we develop an awareness of how the online learning resources can be properly used.  4.It was a young man,　　　　　　(apparent) in great pain,crying and shouting,and his whole body was shaking.  5.Robert is interested in 　　　　　　　,and his dream is to become a 　　　　　　　when he grows up.He wants to carry out 　　　　　　　research to make contributions to the world.(science)   6.If you feel thirsty,you should have 　　　　　　water rather than 　　　　　　water.(boil)  7.It is generally 　　　　　　(acknowledge) that Dr.Zhong is one of the greatest doctors in our country.  8.Last September,my daughter went to the UK 　　　　　　　the objective of improving her 　　　　　　　(academy) levels;she has now 　　　　　　(obtain) her master’s degree and will return home in two weeks.  Ⅱ.短语填空 insist on,die from,lead to,get stuck,other than 1.Marty 　　　　　　　in the damaged car and it was the firefighters who helped him out. 2.Although only several people supported her,Miss Yang 　　　　　　　　　doing her research in the lab. 3.You can’t get to the island in the middle of the lake 　　　　　　　　　taking a boat.  4.These events have also become more difficult to predict,the report said,　　　　　　　　　 extra damage.  5.That’s what his mother said to Tom before she 　　　　　　　　　a deadly disease.  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.吴孟超,中国最著名的医生之一,近80年来一直致力于拯救人们的生命。[应用文之人物介绍] (commit...to) Wu Mengchao,one of the most famous doctors in China,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 for nearly eight decades.  2.大学毕业后,她来到西藏,目的是帮助当地的孩子得到良好的教育。[应用文之人物介绍] (with the objective of doing sth) After graduating from university,she came to Xizang 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the local children to get good education.  3.陈薇被认为在研发针对这种致命疾病的疫苗中发挥着至关重要的作用。[应用文之人物介绍] (sb/sth be thought to do sth) Chen Wei 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　developing the vaccine against the deadly disease.  4.一看到这位伟大的科学家,所有参加听报告的学生都禁不住热烈鼓掌。[应用文之活动介绍] (upon doing sth) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,all the students present at the talk couldn’t help applauding warmly.  5.人们普遍认为,钱三强,中国最著名的科学家之一,对中国的原子能事业做出了巨大的贡献。[应用文之人物介绍] (acknowledge) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Qian Sanqiang,one of the most famous scientists in China,made great contributions to China’s nuclear industry.  二、素养能力提升练 Ⅳ.阅读理解 A Wang Yaping’s dream of becoming an astronaut was inspired by Yang Liwei’s 2003 space flight,which was China’s first manned space mission. Born in a small village in Yantai,Shandong Province in 1980,Wang had been an enthusiastic long-distance runner since primary school,and competed in local sports meetings. In 1997,Wang,a high school student,was encouraged to register for the pilot recruitment program by her classmates because she was good at sports and didn’t wear glasses.The 17-year-old had been considering applying to a teaching college,as her parents suggested. Given her strong build and ability to stay calm under pressure,Wang passed all tests as well as physical examinations and became a female pilot in China.After four years of systemic education and tough training,Wang eventually learned to fly four different types of aircraft before graduation. During her service as a military pilot,she accumulated 1,567 hours of flight time and was involved in major tasks such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake relief effort and the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. In May 2010,Wang became a member of China’s first batch of female astronauts.The joy of being selected did not last long as the hard training quickly sank in. In the first year,Wang could not get the top level in the high-G training,during which she had to endure eight times the force of gravity in a spinning centrifuge.The training imitates the environment when the spacecraft takes off,enters orbit and returns.Wang improved her performance by doing extra core-strength exercises every day to strengthen her back and abdominal muscles.She got the top level at the end of 2011.Wang realized her space dream in 2013 as part of the Shenzhou-10 mission. Over the past two years,Wang has logged in over 6,000 hours of strict training.The most tiring exercise was the seven-hour underwater training session during which she had to wear a special suit that weighed over 100 kilograms to simulate extravehicular activities in a weightless environment. Wang has become the first female taikonaut to work in China’s Tiangong space station as well as the first Chinese woman to perform a spacewalk. 1.Why did Wang want to become an astronaut? A.Because she was able to stay calm under pressure. B.Because she was good at sports and didn’t wear glasses. C.Because she was advised to register for the pilot program by her parents. D.Because she was influenced by China’s first manned space flight. 2.From this passage,we can know that 　　　.  A.Wang was the first Chinese female to take a spacewalk B.Wang won a long-distance runner championship in college C.Wang went to a teaching college encouraged by her classmates D.Wang thought the seven-hour underwater training session was easy 3.What did Wang do after she joined China’s first batch of female astronauts? A.She learned to fly four different types of aircraft. B.She received four years of systemic education in university. C.She participated in the Shenzhou-10 mission of China. D.She got involved in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake relief effort. 4.Which of the following words can best describe Wang? A.Calm and friendly. B.Hard-working and determined. C.Modest and honest. D.Warm-hearted and creative. B Norwegian playwright and author Jon Fosse has just been awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Literature for his “innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable”.The author was announced as the winner in a ceremony at the Swedish Academy in Stockholm on Thursday (5 October),which was also livestreamed on the Internet. The Swedish Academy credits Fosse as “one of the most widely performed playwrights in the world”,although the 64-year-old originally made his name as a novelist,beginning with Red ,Black in 1983.He has since written many works of prose and poetry.“His works,covering a variety of genres (体裁),comprises about 40 plays and a wealth of novels,poetry collections,children’s books and translations,” said Olsson,chairman of the Nobel Committee for Literature. Fosse draws inspiration from his rural living environment and personal struggles,which have deeply influenced his unique writing style.Growing up in a small seaside village,Fosse was lost in the beauty of nature and the vastness of the sea,which filled him with a sense of solitude and introspection (内省) that is reflected in his works.Fosse’s writing discussed themes of loneliness,longing,and the search for meaning in life.Additionally,his battles with depression have enabled him to explore the depths of human emotions and despair. Fosse is the first-ever winner writing in Nynorsk,one of the two official languages of Norwegian,but only used by just 10% of the population.As the Guardian writes,“Many Nynorsk speakers see Fosse ‘as a kind of national hero’ for his defending the language.” Fosse’s recognition on a global stage promotes the visibility and importance of Nynorsk as a written standard.It will attract more attention to Nynorsk literature,inspire and encourage Nynorsk speakers to continue preserving and promoting their linguistic (语言的) heritage. 5.How was the information about Jon Fosse winning the Nobel Prize publicized? A.By sending personal invitations. B.Only by means of online livestream. C.Through a traditional ceremony and online. D.Through an official Nobel Foundation newsletter. 6.What do we know about Jon Fosse from paragraph 2? A.His most popular work is the play Red,Black. B.He accomplished various genres of literature works. C.Many famous plays are the inspiration for his writing. D.His language skills earned him the Nobel Prize in Literature. 7.What is suggested about Jon Fosse’s approach to writing? A.He follows mainstream trends in literature. B.He only focuses on traditional Norwegian stories. C.He draws heavily from other Nobel Prize winners. D.He combines his background with artistic technique. 8.What contribution of Jon Fosse is mentioned in the last paragraph? A.He explains the importance of linguistic diversity. B.He has improved the international status of Norway. C.He promotes the development and preservation of Nynorsk. D.He shapes the basic writing standard of Norwegian literature. C After years of observing human nature,I have decided that two qualities make a difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance—curiosity and discontent.I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either.And I have never known an average man who had both. Together,these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more than ambition.Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.Like Galileo,all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent,“Why?Why?Why?” Fortunately,curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned.We are born with them and need only to recapture them.“The great man,” said Mencius,“is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it.We stop asking questions.We stop challenging custom.We just follow the crowd.And the crowd desire only the calm and restful average. Most of us meet new people,and new ideas,with hesitation.But once having met and liked them,we think how terrible it would have been,had we missed the chance.We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake. How should you start?Modestly,so as not to become discouraged.I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself.She was curious about how the experts did it. The way to begin is to answer your own excuses.You haven’t any special ability?Most people don’t;there are only a few geniuses.You haven’t any time?That’s good,because it’s always the people with no time who get things done.Harriet Stowe,mother of six,wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking.You’re too old?Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel,and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78. However you start,remember there is no better time to start than right now,for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment. 9.In writing paragraph 1,the author aims to 　　　.  A.present an argument B.make a comparison C.reach a conclusion D.propose a definition 10.What does the example of Galileo tell us? A.Scientists tend to have varied ambitions. B.Trial and error leads to the finding of truth. C.Creativity results from challenging authority. D.Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore. 11.What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent? A.Observe the unknown around you. B.Develop a questioning mind. C.Lead a life of adventure. D.Follow the fashion. 12.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A.Gaining success helps you become an expert. B.The genius tends to get things done creatively. C.Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action. D.You should remain modest when approaching perfection. Ⅴ.七选五 A scientist is a person who explores and examines aspects of a certain field to better understand how they function.The process of exploration follows a strict set of rules known as the scientific method.　1　  The primary duty of a scientist in any fields is to do research.　2　 A scientist who specializes in microbiology could study germs,while a scientist who studies the atmosphere could research the pattern of the wind.  Apart from devoting himself to the research,a scientist can also work for employers.　3　 Besides,universities and some governmental organizations also require scientists to teach and research.Some scientists are able to get research funds independently or participate in a funded scientific project and spend their time working towards a clear goal.  　4　 This usually means getting a PhD in the chosen field.In many cases,it also means finding work opportunities during the school year.They can provide the person with practical experience.Many scientists regularly publish their findings or notes of their work.  Some scientists,such as a doctor,might require official certificates(证书).　5　 The requirements and duties of scientists are as broad and various as the area which they study.  A.Being a scientist requires a very good education. B.In different fields,the research can be different. C.Others might only need membership in an association. D.A scientist may make use of the results of others’ researches. E.The purpose of science is to produce useful models of reality. F.There are large companies that hire scientists to help with their products. G.The method ensures that new discoveries are factual and not just theories. 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.from　2.by　3.that　4.apparently　5.science;scientist;scientific　6.boiled;boiling　7.acknowledged　8.with;academic;obtained Ⅱ.1.got stuck　2.insisted on　3.other than　4.leading to 5.died from Ⅲ.1.committed himself to saving people’s lives　2.with the objective of helping　3.is thought to play a vital role in　4.Upon seeing the great scientist　5.It is generally acknowledged that Ⅳ.【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了王亚平成为中国首位进行太空行走的女航天员的历程。 1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段内容“Wang Yaping’s dream...space mission.”可知,王亚平想成为宇航员是受到中国第一次载人航天飞行的影响。故选D项。 2.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,王亚平是第一位进行太空行走的中国女性。故选A项。 3.C　细节理解题。根据第七段最后一句“Wang realized her space dream in 2013 as part of the Shenzhou-10 mission.”可知,王亚平在加入中国第一批女航天员后,参与了神舟十号的航天任务。故选C项。 4.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“In the first year,Wang could not get the top level in the high-G training...at the end of 2011.”可知,王亚平在落后的情况下坚持额外的锻炼最终获得最高水平,说明她意志坚定;再根据倒数第二段内容可知,王亚平接受的训练很艰苦,说明她是吃苦耐劳的。故选B项。 【语篇导读】 本文是一则新闻报道。文章主要报道了挪威剧作家兼作家Jon Fosse被授予2023年诺贝尔文学奖,以表彰他“创新的戏剧和散文,为不可言说的事情发声”。 5.C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“The author was announced as the winner in a ceremony at the Swedish Academy in Stockholm on Thursday (5 October),which was also livestreamed on the Internet.”可知,Jon Fosse获得诺贝尔奖的消息是在颁奖典礼上公布的,同时该典礼还进行了直播。故选C项。 6.B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“‘His works,covering a variety of genres (体裁),comprises about 40 plays and a wealth of novels,poetry collections,children’s books and translations,’ said Olsson,chairman of the Nobel Committee for Literature.”可知,Jon Fosse的作品涵盖了各种类型,包括大约40部戏剧和大量的小说、诗集、儿童书籍和翻译作品。故选B项。 7.D　推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容可知,Fosse将自己的生活背景、生活经历和自己的写作结合起来,形成了自己独特的写作风格。故选D项。 8.C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“Many Nynorsk speakers see Fosse ‘as a kind of national hero’ for his defending the language...and promoting their linguistic heritage.”可知,Fosse促进了Nynorsk语言的发展和保护。故选C项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了好奇心和不满足感对于成功的重要性,认为这两种深层次的人类驱策力比野心更重要。文章建议我们激发好奇心和不满足感,并勇于接触新事物和挑战传统,不断提高自己。最后,文章强调现在是开始行动的最佳时机。 9.A　推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“After years of observing human nature,I have decided that two qualities make a difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance—curiosity and discontent.”可知,作者在第一段提出了文章的论点,告诉我们成就卓越的人和表现一般的人的区别在哪里,即两种品质决定了成就卓越的人和表现一般的人:好奇和不满足。由此可知,写第一段内容时,作者旨在提出一个论点。故选A项。 10.D　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,作者通过伽利略的例子告诉我们人类的强烈欲望比雄心壮志更重要,历史上所有伟大的人物,他们的成功正是因为对事物的好奇和不断探索。由此可知,伽利略的例子告诉我们伟大来自对探索的持久渴望。故选D项。 11.B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“ ‘The great man,’...restful average.”以及第四段中的“But once having met and liked them...waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.”可知,要唤起我们的好奇心和不满足,我们需要做与段落中相反的事,即我们要不满足于现状,勇于探索,勇于提出问题。由此可知,你能通过培养质疑的思维来重新找回好奇心和不满足。故选B项。 12.C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The way to begin is to answer your own excuses...get things done.”以及最后一段内容可知,文章最后两段强调的是不要以自己没有时间和才能而不去采取行动。而是建议读者记住没有比现在更好的开始时间,因为你永远不会比此刻更有活力。故选C项。 Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是科学探索过程所需要遵循的一些规则。 1.G　上文“The process of exploration follows a strict set of rules known as the scientific method.”提到了探索过程应当遵循的科学方法;G项“The method ensures that new discoveries are factual and not just theories.”中的“The method”和上文的“the scientific method”相呼应。因此G项承接上文,符合语境,故选G项。 2.B　上文“The primary duty of a scientist in any fields is to do research.”提到科学家的基本职责是做研究。下文“A scientist who specializes in microbiology could study germs,while a scientist who studies the atmosphere could research the pattern of the wind.”说明不同领域的科学家所进行的研究不同。因此B项承上启下,符合语境,故选B项。 3.F　上文“Apart from devoting himself to the research,a scientist can also work for employers.”提到科学家也可以为雇主工作;F项“There are large companies that hire scientists to help with their products.”中的“hire scientists”和上文中的“work for employers”相互呼应。因此F项承接上文,符合语境,故选F项。 4.A　下文“This usually means getting a PhD in the chosen field.”说明成为科学家需要接受良好的教育。A项“Being a scientist requires a very good education.”说明了科学家需要良好的教育,符合语境,故选A项。 5.C　上文“Some scientists,such as a doctor,might require official certificates.”提到有些科学家需要有官方证书。C项“Others might only need membership in an association.”中的“Others”和上文的“Some scientists”相互呼应,“need”和上文的“require”相互呼应,“membership in an association”和上文的“official certificates”都是资历要求。因此C项承上启下,符合语境,故选C项。 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $