Unit 1 People of Achievement Reading and Thinking 同步练习-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册

UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT Part 1　Reading and Thinking 基础过关练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Seeking and accepting constructive feedback(反馈) is crucial 　　　　　 growth.  2.The dance drama overcomes language barriers, allowing people of different ages and nationalities, especially the younger generation, to gain insights into China’s 　　　　　(science) and technological development.  3.It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, 　　　　　(analysis) suggest that renewables are up to the task.  4.On weekends, we 　　　　　(most) participate in outdoor activities to relax our body and mind and enjoy the beauty of nature.  5.Students who are around plants perform better 　　　　　(academic) than students who are in a classroom without plants.  6.Owning a lovable, cuddly pet can unquestionably make one’s home life better and 　　　　　(apparent) , it can affect pet owners’ professional lives as well.  7.Down the hill, in a small noodle shop, the owner drops freshly rolled noodles into 　　　　　(boil) water, surrounded by bowls of seasonings—chili oil, Sichuan pepper, garlic paste, and pickled mustard greens—essential elements of a Dazhou morning.  8.They refused to acknowledge 　　　　　(defeat) and hoped for a second chance to compete.  9.Relevant research suggests focusing on things that boost your mood in the morning could also go a long way towards improving your 　　　　　(evaluate) of how you slept.  10.First of all, I’m very grateful to my teacher, Mrs Chopra, 　　　　　 trusted me and offered me the chance to make a speech here.  Ⅱ.选词填空(其中有一项多余) be committed to; be vital to/for; graduate from; be acknowledged as; lead to; (be) distinct from 　　Madame Curie 1.　　　　　　 an outstanding female genius. 2.　　　　　　 senior high school, she worked as a tutor. 3.　　　　　　 other girls, her dream was to become a scientist. Therefore, she 4.　　　　　　 the scientific research. Finally, she succeeded in discovering two radioactive elements, which 5.　　　　　　 physics and chemistry.  Ⅲ.完成句子 1.众所周知,体育活动在我们的健康方面起着极其重要的作用。(as,vital) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, physical activity 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 our well-being.  2.一进入高中,学生们常常面临更多的责任,并且致力于平衡学业发展和课外活动是极其重要的。(upon doing, committed) 　　　　 　　　　 high school, students are often faced with more responsibilities, and it is vital to 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 with extracurricular activities.  3.妈妈坚持让我们为野餐打包健康的零食——比如水果片、坚果棒和酸奶——这些零食大多便于携带,而且不会轻易变质。(insist,定语从句) Mom 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 healthy snacks for the picnic—like fruit slices, nut bars, and yogurt—　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 are easy to carry and won’t go bad easily.(读后续写—野外活动)  能力提升练 Ⅰ.课文语法填空 Tu Youyou is universally acknowledged as a scientist with many a great 　1　(achieve). Born in Ningbo, China, Tu Youyou graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. In 1967, she was chosen into a research team 　2　 was formed by the Chinese government with the aim of discovering a new treatment 　3　 malaria. She and her teammates examined over 2,000 old medical texts, 　4　(evaluate) 280,000 plants for their medical properties, and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. As a 　5　(commit) and patient scientist, she never acknowledged defeat, whatever difficulty she met. After failing to draw out useful extract by 　6　(boil) the sweet wormwood, she began even 　7　(careful) thinking and research work. She drew 　8　 conclusion that boiling the sweet wormwood destroyed 　9　(it) medical properties. So she used a lower temperature 　10　(draw) out the extract and finally she succeeded.  1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　   6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　   Ⅱ.语法填空 五育并举:德育 Lu Qi, a Chinese scientist, is one of the six winners of the 2024 Champions of the Earth Award. The award 　1　(present) by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) on December 10 in Nairobi, the capital of Kenya.  Honored in the Science and Innovation category, Lu has spent three decades working 　2　 strategies to combat desertification(沙漠化). 　3　(additional), Lu has carried out the world’s largest tree-planting project 　4　 established expert research networks and partnerships. As one of 　5　 chief scientists at the Chinese Academy of Forestry, Lu has supported international cooperation to fight desertification, land degradation(退化) and drought.  In a statement to Xinhua News Agency, Lu said, “This award is the highest 　6　(recognize) and the greatest encouragement for China’s forestry and grassland efforts, especially for the scientists and technologists 　7　(commit) to sand control.”  He added, “China’s effort to fight desertification over the past seven decades 　8　(depend) on scientific and technological advancements supporting ecological progress.”  He also expressed a desire to see more effective and adaptable desertification control technologies 　9　(share) globally through initiatives such as China’s Belt and Road Initiative and the Global Development Initiative. “Together, we can contribute to 　10　(build) two ‘Great Green Walls’ for the planet and play our part in making the earth greener,” Lu said.  1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　   6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　   Ⅲ.阅读理解 A 国际视野 Oleg Kononenko has become the first human to achieve 1,110 days of spaceflight over a 17-year career visiting and living on the International Space Station (ISS). The achievement comes on his fifth flight to space and during his third term as the commander of the ISS. He will become one of the most valuable human biological specimens(生物标本) in the world. Given that both the Artemis Accords and the International Lunar Research Station initiative(倡议) aim to send men and women on longer and longer missions to space, including semi-permanent(非永久的)habitation on the moon and eventually a journey to Mars, scientists need to understand what long-term presence in outer space will do to the human body. To that end, Kononenko, who has routinely spent many hundreds of continuous days and even years in low-Earth orbit, will be providing data points “days, months and years” after his return, says Emmanuel Urquieta, the former chief medical officer of the NASA-funded Translational Research Institute for Space Health (TRISH), led by Baylor College of Medicine.  Urquieta explains that medicine in space is a growing field, and that the effects of the space environment on eye health, bone loss, and the blood flow are not well understood, nor are the impacts of long-term radiation exposure and space sickness. “I’m sure that there will be a lot of research coming up in the future when he comes back to Earth and I’m sure that there will be a very long follow-up with him—you know, days, months, and years after—to try to understand these very unique data points,” Urquieta says. “When you project the data that we have from six-month missions to 900 days, there’s still a huge gap in data that we need to address so that we can safely say, ‘OK, we have enough data and we can confidently say that we’re able to send someone to Mars and make sure that that person is going to come back as healthy as when he or she left Earth.’” 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1.What do we know about Kononenko? A.He contributed to the establishment of the ISS.　　 B.He discovered a valuable biological specimen. C.He set a record for the most time in space.　　 D.He completed three space flights in 17 years. 2.What do the underlined words “To that end” in paragraph 3 refer to? A.To improve life support systems in space.　　 B.To explore the potential for lunar habitation. C.To select astronauts for a journey to Mars.　　 D.To study the effects of living in space. 3.What can be concluded about Kononenko from the last two paragraphs? A.His long-term data will be crucial.　　B.He will conduct new space missions. C.He will inspire confidence in others.　　D.His career will be fruitful. 4.What is the best title for the text? A.Increased Focuses on Spaceflight Safety Concerns　　 B.New Opportunities for Space Health Studies C.Future Possibilities for Space Travel　　 D.Big Challenges in Space Exploration B George Shull was born in 1874 on a farm in Clark County, Ohio, and his knowledge of plants and hybrids came at an early age. Being needed on the farm, Shull received his early formal education off and on. However, it was added by intense home study so that by 1892, he had taught in a public school, and later attended Antioch College.  In 1901, he graduated from Antioch and went to the University of Chicago to do graduate work. With his knowledge of botany and experience with farming practices, Shull passed the civil service exam, and took up a position as a botanical assistant at the U.S. National Herbarium. He also worked at the U.S. Bureau of Plant Industry as a botanical expert examining as well as evaluating the plants and animals of the Chesapeake Bay and the Currituck Sound. The data he collected during this time was to comprise his Ph.D. paper. And in 1904 he was appointed to be in charge of plant work at the Station for Experimental Evolution. He began working on corn in 1905. Following Gregor Mendel’s example, Shull obtained pure(纯种的) lines of corn through self-pollination(自花授粉). The pure lines were less healthy and productive, but when he crossed the pure lines, apparently the hybrid yields were better than any of the parents or those pollinated in the open fields. As a consequence, he immediately recognized the potential for using this strategy and device to improve crop yields. In 1915, Shull accepted a professorship at Princeton University. With his encouragement, Princeton University Press began the publication of a new journal, Genetics. Shull was the managing editor for ten years. Genetics is still one of the top international science journals. Shull retired in 1942. He and his wife spent most of their later years with their children and grandchildren. 5.What does the underlined part “off and on” in Paragraph 1 mean? A.Not surprisingly.　　B.Very formally. C.Quite excellently.　　D.Not regularly. 6.What’s Paragraph 2 mainly about? A.George Shull’s contributions.　　B.George Shull’s research. C.George Shull’s work experience.　　D.George Shull’s education. 7.What was so special about Shull’s method of corn breeding? A.It completely relied on self-pollination.　　B.It was first published in Genetics. C.It was widely accepted in Ohio.　　D.It focused on crossing pure lines. 8.How does the author mainly develop the text? A.By giving examples.　　 B.By following time order. C.By making comparisons.　　 D.By presenting a scientific study. 答案 UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT Part 1　Reading and Thinking 基础过关练 Ⅰ.1.to/for　考查介词。be crucial to/for...意为“对……是关键的”,故填to或for。 2.scientific　考查形容词。设空处与形容词 technological并列,共同修饰名词development,应用形容词,故填scientific。句意:这部舞剧克服了语言障碍,让不同年龄、不同国籍的人——尤其是年轻一代——得以深入了解中国的科技发展。 3.analyses　考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知,设空处为主语,根据谓语suggest的形式可知,主语应用名词复数,analysis的复数形式为analyses,故填analyses。句意:据估计,到 2050 年,全球电力需求可能会增加一倍以上。幸运的是,分析显示,可再生能源能够胜任这项任务。 4.mostly　考查副词。句意:在周末,我们一般参与户外活动以放松身心并且享受大自然的美。设空处作状语,意为“通常,一般地”,故填副词mostly。 5.academically　考查副词。句意:身边有植物的学生在学业上的表现比身处无植物的教室的学生更好。此处需用副词修饰动词perform,故填副词academically。 6.apparently　考查副词。句意:拥有一只可爱且惹人怜爱的宠物无疑能让一个人的家庭生活更美好,而且显然,这也会影响宠物主人的职业生活。根据语境可知,设空处为句子副词,故填apparently。 7.boiling　考查v.-ing形式。句意:在山脚下的小面馆里,老板将刚擀好的面条下入沸水,周围摆着一碗碗调料——辣椒油、花椒、蒜泥和腌芥菜叶——这些都是达州早晨不可或缺的元素。此处需用v.-ing形式作定语,修饰名词water,表示“正在沸腾的水”。故填boiling。 8.being defeated　考查v.-ing的被动式。句意:他们拒绝承认失败,并希望能再一次获得参赛的机会。acknowledge doing sth.意为“承认做某事”,且They与defeat在逻辑上是被动关系,需用v.-ing形式的被动式,故填being defeated。 9.evaluation　考查名词。句意:相关研究表明,早晨专注于能让你心情愉悦的事情对于改善你对自身睡眠情况的评估也可能会大有帮助。your为形容词性物主代词,后需用名词形式。故填evaluation。 10.who　考查非限制性定语从句。设空处无提示词,且前面有逗号,“　　　 trusted me and offered me the chance to make a speech here”中缺少主语,结合语境可知,“信任我并给我在这里发表演讲的机会”的人是Chopra夫人,故设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Mrs Chopra,故此处应用引导词who。  Ⅱ.1.is acknowledged as　2.Graduating from　3.Distinct from　4.was committed to　5.are vital to/for Ⅲ.1.As we all know;plays a vital part/role in 2.Upon entering;be committed to balancing academic development 3.insists on our/us packing或insists we should pack或insists that we pack;most of which 能力提升练 Ⅰ.1.achievement　考查名词。设空处作with的宾语,且根据空前的形容词great可知,设空处应用名词,achieve的名词形式为achievement;“many a+单数名词”表示“很多……”。故填achievement。 2.that/which　考查定语从句。设空处前为名词短语a research team,　2　 was formed by the Chinese government中缺少主语,故推测设空处引导定语从句,先行词为a research team,指物,故用关系代词that或which。  3.for　考查介词。(a) treatment for...意为“治疗……的方法”,故填for。 4.evaluated　考查动词的时态。设空处和句中的examined、tested作并列谓语,应用一般过去时,故填evaluated。 5.committed　考查形容词。设空处与patient并列作定语修饰名词scientist,应用形容词。此处表示“尽心尽力的”,故填committed。 6.boiling　考查动名词。by为介词,后面可以接名词或动名词,提示词为动词,故用动名词。by doing sth.意为“通过做某事”。 7.more careful　考查形容词的比较级。此处指她开始了甚至更加仔细的思考和研究工作,含有比较的意思,且前面有even修饰,故应用形容词的比较级。故填more careful。 8.the/a　考查冠词。draw the/a conclusion that...意为“得出那个/一个……的结论”。故填the或a。 9.its　考查形容词性物主代词。此处指“破坏了它的药用特性”,设空处修饰空后的名词properties,应用形容词性物主代词its。 10.to draw　考查动词不定式。use sth. to do sth.意为“使用某物做某事”。故填to draw。 Ⅱ. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国科学家卢琦荣获2024年“地球卫士奖”的相关情况。 1.was presented　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:该奖项由联合国环境规划署于12月10日在肯尼亚首都内罗毕颁发。句子主语The award与提示词present之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;根据语境及时间状语“on December 10”可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时;主语为第三人称单数,故填was presented。 2.on/at　考查介词。句意:卢琦荣获科学与创新类奖项,他花了三十年时间致力于研究防治沙漠化的策略。work on/at sth.为固定搭配,意为“致力于某事”,故填on或at。 3.Additionally　考查副词。句意:此外,卢琦开展了世界上最大的植树项目,并建立了专家研究网络和合作关系。此处应用副词修饰整个句子,additional的副词形式为additionally,意为“此外”,句首单词首字母大写,故填Additionally。 4.and　考查连词。结合语境可知,“has carried out the world’s largest tree-planting project”与“(has) established expert research networks and partnerships”都是卢琦所做的工作,两者之间为并列关系,故用并列连词and。 5.the　考查冠词。“one of the+复数名词”表示“……之一”,故填the。 6.recognition　考查名词。句意:这个奖项是对中国林业和草原工作的最高认可和最大鼓励,特别是对致力于治沙的科学家和技术专家而言。空前为形容词最高级highest,此处应用名词作表语,recognize的名词形式为recognition,为不可数名词,故填recognition。 7.committed　考查形容词。(be) committed to sth.意为“致力于某事”。故填committed。 8.has depended　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:过去七十年来,中国防治沙漠化的努力依赖支持生态进步的科技发展。根据时间状语“over the past seven decades”可知,此处应用现在完成时;主语“China’s effort”为第三人称单数,故填has depended。 9.shared　考查过去分词。句意:他还表示,希望看到更高效、适用性更强的沙漠化防治技术通过中国的“一带一路”倡议、全球发展倡议等倡议在全球范围内被共享。此处构成“see+宾语+宾补”结构,提示词share与前面的desertification control technologies为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾补。故填shared。 10.building　考查v.-ing形式。contribute to意为“有助于,促使”,to为介词,所以设空处需用v.-ing形式building作介词的宾语。故填building。 Ⅲ.A 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航员Oleg Kononenko成为首位太空飞行时长累计达1,110天的人,以及这一成就对未来长期太空探索的意义。 1.C　细节理解题。第一段第一句“Oleg Kononenko has become the first human to achieve 1,110 days of spaceflight...”明确指出Kononenko是首位太空飞行时长达1,110天的人,即“创下了在太空停留时间最长的纪录”。故选C。 2.D　词义猜测题。首先,“To that end”是表目的的短语结构,其中“that end”指代前文语境中提到的想要实现的目的,需回归前文锁定信息,关键在于判断that指代的内容。第二段完整阐述了背景——《阿尔忒弥斯协定》和国际月球科研站倡议均计划推动时间更长的太空任务,因此“scientists need to understand what long-term presence in outer space will do to the human body”就是明确的“目的”,即“科学家需要弄清楚长期处于太空对人体会产生什么影响”,故选D。 3.A　推理判断题。第五段中“there will be a very long follow-up with him...to try to understand these very unique data points”表明,Kononenko返回后将会对他进行长期跟踪,以理解这些独特的数据;最后一段中“there’s still a huge gap in data that we need to address...we have enough data and we can confidently say that we’re able to send someone to Mars”表明,目前长期太空任务的数据存在巨大缺口,而Kononenko的数据能填补缺口,为火星任务的安全性提供支撑。两段均强调Kononenko的长期数据对太空研究的重要性,故选A。 4.B　主旨大意题。 Part 1.核心 事件引入 Para. 1 宇航员Kononenko成为首位太空飞行总时长达1,110天的人 Part 2.科研 背景铺垫 Para. 2 因进行时间更长的太空任务的需要,科学家需弄清楚长期的太空停留对人体的影响 Part 3.具体阐 述Kononenko 返回地球后可提供的科研价值 Para. 3 Kononenko在返回后将提供长期太空驻留的数据 Para. 4 太空医学仍是一个不断发展的领域,太空环境对人体多方面的影响及长期辐射暴露和太空病对人体的影响仍不明朗 Para. 5 Kononenko返回后将有大量研究,会对其长期跟踪以挖掘数据价值 Para. 6 现有太空任务数据不足以支撑长期任务,Kononenko的数据能填补缺口,助力火星任务的安全 全文围绕“宇航员Kononenko的纪录为太空健康研究提供新数据、新可能”展开,B项“太空健康研究的新机遇”精准地概括了文章主旨。故选B。 B 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了著名植物学家George Shull的学习和工作经历以及他的重要成就。 5.D　词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句中的“Being needed on the farm”可知,George Shull小时候需要干农活,所以无法正常接受正规教育。所以off and on意为“断断续续地,间歇性地”,与D项“不定期地”意思最为接近。故选D。 6.C　主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“do graduate work”“took up a position as a botanical assistant”“He also worked at...”“in 1904 he was appointed to be in charge of plant work”等信息可知,第二段主要是在讲述George Shull的工作经历。故选C。 7.D　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句和第四句“The pure lines were less healthy and productive...to improve crop yields.”可知,杂交品种能够提高作物产量,所以Shull的玉米育种方法的特殊之处在于专注于杂交纯系。故选D。 8.B　推理判断题。 根据以上关键信息可知,文章以时间顺序讲述了著名植物学家George Shull的人生经历。故选B。 51 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $