Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature (Section B) 核心知识点精讲精练-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元全方位精练（新教材人教版）

该初中英语单元复习讲义以思维导图为框架，系统梳理Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature (Section B)的核心知识，通过表格呈现35个重点短语（含词汇表短语标注），按“重点词汇解析-重难句型解析-其他知识解析”模块分层构建知识脉络，清晰呈现词汇拓展（如climber的动词、名词、动名词形式）、句型结构（如宾语从句、状语从句）等重难点的内在逻辑。 讲义亮点在于“随学随练+综合过关”的分层练习设计，词汇解析中结合单项填空、词形转换等即时巩固（如northern/southern的地域词汇辨析），句型解析通过“so...that...与such...that...对比”培养思维品质，知识过关练习涵盖词汇填空、翻译句子等8类题型，助力基础学生夯实语言能力，优秀学生深化逻辑分析。教师可依托清晰的知识框架实施精准教学，学生能自主对照思维导图查漏补缺。

Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature核心知识点精讲 3 (Section B) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section B部分包括本部分重点短语集锦、重点词汇解析、重难句型解析、其他知识解析等板块，核心知识点讲解中包含适当数量，多种类型的随学随练。配有“知识过关练习”，包含词汇填空、单句语法填空、单项填空、选词填空、翻译句子等题型。 · Section B部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语) 1. explore nature 探索自然 2. the northern side of the mountain 山的北侧 3. the distance between...and... …… 和…… 之间的距离 4. reach new heights 勇攀新高 5. one of the greatest wonders of the world 世界上最伟大的奇观之一 6. feel like 感觉像；想要做某事 7. be able to do sth 能够做... 8. only if 只有...才... 9. survive the terrible conditions 在恶劣的环境中生存下来 10. deal with 应对，处理 11. be determined to do sth 决心做某事 12. make the climb 成功攀登；完成爬坡 13. arrive at 到达 14. above sea level 海拔以上 15. so...that... 如此…… 以至于…… 16. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 17. bit by bit 一点一点地 18. pull oneself up 奋力向上爬 19. make it 成功 20. for the first time 第一次 21. do research 做研究 22. measure its height 测量它的高度 23. risk one’s life to do sth 冒生命危险做某事 24. human curiosity and ambition 人类的好奇心与野心 25. as sb puts it 正如某人所说 26. how far/how heavy/how large/how often 多远/多重/多大/多久一次 27. located in/on... 位于... 28. freshwater lake 淡水湖 29. different types of 不同种类的... 30. after all 毕竟 31. if so 如果这样的话 32. take up 占据；开始从事，培养 33. white sand beaches 白色沙滩 34. the dream of a lifetime 一生的梦 35. a salt lake 盐湖 2、 重点词汇解析 1. climber /ˈklaɪmə(r)/ n. 攀登者；登山者  [词汇拓展] climb(v.)攀登；攀登，攀缘；(n.) climbing(n.)登山运动 [词汇搭配] the best climbers最优秀的登山者 [词汇例句] Many climbers want to challenge themselves.很多登山者想要挑战自己。 [随学随练] 用climb适当形式填空 (1) Every year, hundreds of   from all over the world come here. (2) The path to the top is almost straight up, but that makes the  so exciting! (3) Look ! Some monkeys  the trees. (4)  is popular, and more and more students are becoming interested in it. 2. northern /ˈnɔːðən/ adj. 北部的；向北的 southern /ˈsʌðən/ adj. 南部的；向南的 northeastern /ˌnɔːθˈiːstən/ adj.东北的；东北方向的 [词汇拓展] north(n.)北；south(n.)南；northeast(n.)东北；west(n.)西；western(adj.)西部的；east(n.)东 eastern(adj.)东部的;northwest(n.)西北；northwestern(adj.)西北的；southeast(n.)东南 southeastern(adj.)东南的；southwest(n.)西南；southwestern(adj.)西南的 [词汇搭配] the northern side of the mountain山的北侧；the northeastern coast of Australia澳大利亚东北海岸 [词汇例句] The Lion Dance has different meanings in northern and southern China. 舞狮在中国北方和南方有 不同的含义。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The Himalayas run along the ________ part of China. It’s one of the most popular places for mountain climbing. A．south B．southern C．northern D．southwestern 3. survive /səˈvaɪv/ v. 生存；存活；艰难度过 [词汇拓展] survival (n.)存活，幸存；survivor(n.)幸存者，存活着 [词汇搭配] survive the terrible conditions在恶劣的环境中生存下来 [词汇例句] The desert is very dry. It’s hard to survive there.沙漠非常干燥，在那里生存很困难。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Few plants can ________ in such dry conditions. A．spread B．survive C．die D．appear 4. condition /kənˈdɪʃn/ n. 环境；条件；状态 [词汇拓展] conditional(adj.)有条件的；有前提的；unconditional (adj.)无条件的；无限制的 [词汇搭配] living conditions 生活条件；working conditions 工作条件 be in bad/good condition 处于糟糕的/良好的状态；out of condition状况不佳 on no condition 无论如何都不；决不 [词汇例句] Modern schools provide better conditions for teachers. 现代学校为教师提供了更好的条件。 [随学随练] 用condition相关表达补全句子 (1) 你决不能告诉他们所发生的事。 You must      tell them what happened. (2) 他体重超重，健康状况不佳。 He is overweight and      . (3) 政府正在努力改善他们的生活条件。 The government are trying hard to      . (4) 如果你经常锻炼并摄入适当的食物，你的眼睛就能长时间保持良好的状态。 If you exercise regularly and eat the right kind of food, your eyes will      for a long time. 5. degree /dɪˈɡriː/ n. 度；度数；程度；(大学)学位 [词汇搭配] fall to -30 degrees 降到零下30度；to a certain degree在一定程度上 by degrees逐渐地；渐渐地 [词汇例句] I agree with you to a certain degree . 我在某种程度上同意你的观点。 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中degree的中文意思 (1) Water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit (32˚F) or zero degrees Celsius (0˚C). (2) Her job demands(需要) a high degree of skill. (3) My brother has a doctor's degree from Shanghai University. (4) If you exercise every day, you will form a good habit by degrees.  6. changeable /ˈtʃeɪndʒəbl/ adj. 可能变化的；易变的；常变的 [词汇拓展] change(v./n.)变化，改变；unchangeable(adj.)不可改变的 [词汇搭配] changeable weather 易变的天气 [词汇例句] he weather is very changeable at this time of year.年年在这个时候天气都变化无常。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The weather in the mountains is very ________; it can be sunny one moment and rainy the next. A．peaceful B．comfortable C．pleasant D．changeable 7. death /deθ/ n. 死亡；毁灭；破灭 [词汇拓展] die(v.)死亡；dead(adj.)死的；不运行的；dying(adj.)濒死的 [词汇搭配] a sudden death 猝死；the death of all my plans 我所有计划的破灭 do sth to death做烦了；看腻了；听厌了；scare sb to death 把某人吓得要命 [词汇例句] Studies also show that people with more weak ties are healthier and have a lower risk of early death.研究还表明，拥有更多弱关系的人更健康，早逝的风险也更低。 [随学随练] 用death的适当形式填空。 (1) 1.5 million people are in immediate danger of  from starvation(饥饿). (2) And he thought he couldn’t walk like other boys and would  soon. (3) Birds are better than wolves in these ways. They can see  insects from far away. (4) He took the  dog to the hospital. Luckily, the doctor saved it. 8. determined /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/ adj. 有决心的；坚决的 [词汇拓展] determine(v.)决定，确定；determination(n.)决心 [词汇搭配] be determined to do决定做某事；a determined look坚定的眼神 [词汇例句] She was determined to fix it and find out the truth behind the virus.她下定决心要解决这个问 题，并查明病毒背后的真相。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —Stephen Hawking never stopped studying the universe though he had a serious illness. —He was really ________. Nothing could stop him from his research. A．disappointed B．shocked C．surprised D．determined 9. above /əˈbʌv/ prep. & adv. 在（……）上方；高于 [词汇拓展] below(prep & adv.) prep. & adv.在（……）下面；低于 [词汇搭配] above sea level 在海平面之上；above average高于平均值；above all最重要的是；尤其是 above yourself自高自大；妄自尊大 [词汇例句] I just think you're getting a little bit above yourself. 我只是觉得你变得有点自视过高。 [随学随练] on / above / over · on表示一个物体在另一个物体之上，且两个物体相互接触。 The book is on the desk. 书在桌子上。 · over 表示一个物体在另一个物体的正上方，两个物体不接触。其对应的词为under。over还可以表示一个物体跨越另一个物体，或一个物体覆盖另一个物体。 He hung the light over the table. 他把灯悬挂在桌子上。 There is an old stone bridge over the river. 河上有一座老的石桥。 Mum lay a blanket over the sofa. 妈妈在沙发上铺了一条毯子。 · above表示一个物体在另一个物体的上方任意位置，两个物体不接触。其相对的词为below。 He lifted his hands above his head.他将双手举过头顶。 · above与over都可以用于度量和比较：above常与最低限度或某固定点关联。over常与数量、年龄、金钱和时间等连用。 We cannot accept children above the age of 10. 我们不能接受10岁以上的儿童。 It costs over £100. 这个值100英镑以上。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The picture on the right shows that the student’s body temperature is ________ 39℃. A．over B．at C．above D．below 10. shoulder /ˈʃəʊldə(r)/ n. 肩膀；肩部 v.承担，担负；挤，闯；（用肩膀）推开，顶开；背，扛，挑，担 [词汇搭配] step on their shoulders踩在他们肩膀上；on sb's shoulders由某人承担 shoulder to shoulder (with sb)肩并肩地；齐心协力 [词汇例句] Standing up straight with your shoulders back shows confidence. 站直身体，肩膀向后仰，这 样会显得自信。 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中shoulder的中文意思 (1) You need to move your arms, your legs, your shoulders and your neck often. (2) He shouldered a bag and went away. (3) Nowadays, the Grand Canal still shoulders the responsibilities (责任) of transporting rice from the South to the North. (4) He shouldered his way through the crowd and went after her. (5) He shouldered the man aside. (6) They could fight shoulder to shoulder against a common enemy. 11. measure /ˈmeʒə(r)/ v. 测量；量度为 n. 措施；度量单位 [词汇拓展] measurement (n.) 数量；测量；measurable(adj.)可测量的 [词汇搭配] measure its height测量它的高度；measuring instruments测量仪器 [词汇用法] · measure可用作及物动词，表示“测量”。 Please measure the length of the desk. 请测量下课桌的长度。 · measure表示“量度为...”时，用作系动词。 The bedroom measures 3.5 meters by 4 meters. 卧室宽3.5米，长4米。 [随学随练] 单项填空 So far,our government has taken ________ to protect our natural environment, so you will see a more blue sky. A．something B．ways C．measures D．manners 12. successfully /səkˈsesfəli/ adv.成功地；顺利地 [词汇拓展] successful (adj.)成功的；success(n.)成功；succeed(v.)成功 [词汇搭配] reach the top successfully成功登顶 [词汇例句] Finally, he returned to Tianjin successfully.最终，他成功地回到天津。 [随学随练] 用success的适当形式填空 (1) Smiling also makes you look younger and seem more   . (2) If you try your best to study, you will  at last.  (3) Though she met lots of difficulties, she   helped so many students to go to college. (4) As the saying goes, “  only comes through hard work.” 13. risk /rɪsk/ v. 使……冒风险（或面临危险） n. 危险；风险 risky /ˈrɪski/ adj. 有危险（或风险）的 [词汇拓展] <比较级>riskier；<最高级>riskiest [词汇搭配] risk one’s life to do...冒生命危险做某事；risk doing 冒险(做…)；the risk of... ...的风险 at risk 有危险，冒风险；run a/the risk of (doing) sth. 冒风险；有...的危险 take risks /take a risk冒险 [词汇例句] She was risking her own and her children's health. 她在使自己和子女的健康遭受威胁。 [随学随练] 单项填空 You should not ________ your health by staying up too late. A．take B．keep C．risk D．make 14. curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/ n. 好奇心；求知欲 curious /ˈkjʊərɪəs/ adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的 [词汇拓展] curiously(adv.)好奇地 [词汇搭配] curious about...对...好奇的；be curious to do好奇做某事 show curiosity about对...显露出好奇心 [词汇例句] They were very curious about the people who lived upstairs. 他们对住在楼上的人感到很好奇。 [随学随练] 用curious的适当形式填空 (1) Once you understand them, you may become more  and interested in the new culture (2) He would keep his  and adventurous spirit because he believed they could bring him more surprises! (3) ‘Are you really an artist?’ Sara asked  . 15. ambition /æmˈbiʃn/ n. 追求的目标；野心；雄心 [词汇拓展] ambitious (adj.)有野心的；有雄心的；ambitiously (adv.)有野心地 unambitious(adj.)人无抱负的；无名利心的 [词汇搭配] human curiosity and ambition人类的好奇心与野心；sporting ambitions运动目标 [词汇用法] · ambition表示“追求的目标”，用作可数名词。常用搭配：ambition of doing...做某事的夙愿 If you have an ambition to do or achieve something, you want very much to do it or achieve it.如果你有做某事或取得某成就的目标，你就会非常渴望去做或去实现它。 · ambition表示“野心；雄心”，用作不可数名词。 Even when I was young I never had any ambition. 即使是年轻时，我也从没有什么雄心壮志。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Jackie’s strong ________ is to become a famous singer. A．hobby B．business C．ambition D．language 16. explorer /ɪkˈsplɔːrə(r)/ n. 探险者；勘探者 [词汇拓展] explore(v.)探索；exploration(n.)探索 [词汇搭配] the English explorer英国探险者 [词汇例句] Lei Diansheng is a famous Chinese explorer and environmental protector. 雷殿生是中国著名的探 险家和环保人士。 [随学随练] 用explore的适当形式填空 (1) He  the island every day and found many new things.  (2) A study of the temple is an  of an ancient Chinese engineering miracle (奇迹). (3)  need strong determination to succeed. 17. simply /ˈsɪmpli/ adv. 仅仅；只；简单地 [词汇拓展] simple (adj.)简单的；simplicity(n.)简单（性）；容易（性） [词汇例句] Simply add hot water and stir. 只需加上热水搅动就行 [随学随练] 单项填空 Weight control isn’t ________ about losing weight but also about improving health. A．simply B．smoothly C．carefully D．correctly 18. located /ləʊˈkeɪtɪd/ adj. 位于；坐落在 [词汇拓展] locate(v.)把…安置在（或建造于）；找出…的准确位置；location(n.)位置 [词汇搭配] located in/on... 位于...，坐落在... [词汇例句] The restaurant is located by a river. 饭店坐落在小河边。 19. type /taɪp/ n. 类型；种类 v.打字 [词汇拓展] typical(adj.)典型的；typist(n.)打字员；typewriter(n.)打字机；kind/sort (n.)种类 [词汇搭配] different types of... 不同种类的；blood type/group 血型 [词汇例句] I love these types of books. 我喜欢这些种类的书籍。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Tea has a long history. The picture on the right shows us the ________ of tea. A．tastes B．types C．qualities D．materials 20. attract /əˈtrækt/ v. 吸引；招引 [词汇拓展] attraction(n.) 吸引；有吸引力的事物；attractive(adj.)有吸引力的 [词汇搭配] attract many curious traveller吸引许多好奇的旅行者；attract sb. to...吸引某人喜爱... be attracted to...对...有好感，被...吸引 [词汇例句] This plan attracts a lot of interest . 这个计划引起了很大的兴趣。 [随学随练] 用attract的相关表达补全句子。 (1) 黄山每年吸引上百万的游客。 (2) 小男孩被树上的猫吸引了。 The boy in the tree. (3) 她试图引起服务员的注意。 She of the waiter. 21. natural /ˈnætʃrəl/ adj. 自然的；天然的；天生的 [词汇拓展] nature(n.)自然；天性；naturally(adv.)自然地；天生地；unnatural(adj.)不自然的 [词汇搭配] natural wonder自然奇观；the natural world 自然界；natural yogurt原味酸奶 [词汇例句] It's only natural to worry about your children. 为孩子操心是很自然的。 [随学随练] 用natural的适当形式填空 (1) We should love and look after all the living things in  .  (2) It seems for Alice to spend so much time alone. She needs company(陪伴). (3) The  wetland with water, shallow areas, and safe places for birds has been getting better over the years. (4) After a while, we started talking about the children. 22. alive /əˈlaɪv/ adj. 活着；在世；有活力 [词汇拓展] living(adj.)活着的；live(adj.)活的；现场直播的 [词汇用法] · alive表示“活着的”，“有活力的”，常用作表语，宾补等，不在名词前作定语。 The cat is still alive. 猫仍然活着。 · alive还可以用于以下短语：alive with“充满，到处都是(活的或动的东西)”；alive to sth.“注意到，意识到，察觉到”；come alive“（使）恢复生机；（使）变得生动，变得有趣”；bring sth. alive“使...有趣；使...生动”。 The pond was alive with frogs. 池塘里满是青蛙。 When I read this book, I can see how Sima Qian made the characters come alive.当我读这本书时，我能感受到司马迁是如何让书中的人物栩栩如生的。 [词汇辨析] · alive修饰人或物，作表语，宾补等。作定语时要放在被修饰词之后。 He may be the laziest man alive. 他可能是世上最懒惰的人了。 · living修饰人或物，充当定语或表语。作定语时，可前置，也可后置。 All living things need water. 一切生物都需要水。 · live表示“活着的”，可做定语、表语。live作定语通常只修饰物，且要前置。 live还可以作形容词或副词，表示“实况转播，现场的/地”。 They saw a live snake. 他们看见一条活的蛇。 Murray was a guest on a live radio show.默里在一个直播的电台节目里当嘉宾。 · lively表示“活泼的，生气勃勃的”，修饰人或物，作表语或定语等。 Lucy is a lively girl.  露西是个充满活力的女孩。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —Have you ever watched the programme China in the Classics on CCTV? —Yes, I like it. It brings Chinese ancient books ________ on screen. A．living B．live C．alive D．lively (2) The ______ show by Wang Yibo and Aaron Kwok at the 2026 Spring Festival Gala was so ______ that all the fans felt excited. A．alive; lively B．lively; live C．live; living D．live; lively 3、 重难句型解析 1. 最高级句型 (教材原句)To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest wonders of the world.对大多数人来说，珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一 one of the greatest wonders of the world是最高级常用句型之一：“one of +the+最高级+复数名词”表示“最...的...之一”。 The elephant is one of the biggest animals on earth.大象是地球上最大的动物之一。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Ice-skating is one of ________ activities for teenagers in winter. A．popular B．more popular C．the most popular D．most popular 2. 宾语从句 (教材原句)On the highest place on earth, you will feel like you are able to touch the sky. 此句中you are able to touch the sky作feel like的宾语，是一个宾语从句，省略了引导词that。 3. 状语从句 (教材原句)People said it was so high that even birds could not reach it. 人们说它高得连鸟儿都飞不上去。 so...that...引导结果状语从句，表示“如此...以至于...”。such...that...也用于引导结果状语从句。so用于修饰形容词或副词；such修饰名词或名词短语。 The boy ran so fast that no one could catch up with him.那个男孩跑得那么快，以至于没人能追上他。 Zhang Peng is such an excellent student that everybody likes him.张鹏是如此优秀的一个学生以至于每个人都喜欢他。 (教材原句)If you visit it, you will see the largest living structure on earth. (教材原句)If you dive deeper, you might see large fish, turtles, and sharks. 这两句中都包含if引导的条件状语从句。if引导条件状语从句时，若主句是一般将来时，或主句的谓语动词含有情态动词，或主句是祈使句时，从句一般使用一般现在时，遵循“主将从现”原则。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) It’s ________ useful information ________ we can’t wait to share it with other teams. A．so an; that B．so; that C．such a; that D．such; that (2) If we ________ care of the environment, there ________ more natural disasters in the future. A．don’t take; will be B．won’t take; will be C．don’t take; are D．won’t take; are 4. 表语从句 (教材原句) It is because human curiosity and ambition cannot be stopped. 此句中because....stopped是一个表语从句。because和why可以用于引导表语从句。That’s because...解释原因，意为“那是因为...”。That's why... 后接某事产生的结果，含义是“那就是为什么...” That’s why he was able to finish the task. 那就是他为什么能够完成这个任务的原因。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) Many people ask me why I like Mickey Mouse. That’s ________ he always tries his best to win. A．if B．after C．though D．because (2) Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life. And that’s ________ he can be successful. A．what B．when C．why D．where 5. As sb. put it 句型 (教材原句) Or, as the English explorer George Mallory put it, it is simply “because it’s there”! as sb. put it意为“正如某人所说的”，后面引出某人所说过的某句话，此句型中put表示“说，表达”，此用法还用于一些短语，如put simply“简单地说吧”。 He was too trusting─or, to put it another way , he had no head for business.他太轻信人了——或者换个说法，他没有商业头脑。 Put simply, we accept their offer. 简单地说吧，我们接受他们的提议。 6. 定语从句 (教材原句)For people who love the ocean, visiting the Great Barrier Reef is the dream of a lifetime. 此句中who love the ocean是who引导的一个定语从句修饰前面的people。当修饰词是人时，通常用who或that引导定语从句；当被修饰词是物时，常用which或that引导定语从句。who/which/that在引导定语从句时，都要在从句中充当主干成分。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) The man ________ wears a blue coat is our new teacher. A．which B．whose C．who D．whom (2) The famous scientist wrote an important book ________ has helped millions of students understand the universe. A．who B．what C．which D．where 4、 其他知识解析 1. only if 用法 (教材原句)But only the best climbers reach the top, and that is only if they survive the terrible conditions first. 但只有最优秀的登山者才能登顶，而这前提是他们首先要在恶劣的环境中存活下来。 only if表示“只有...才...”。引导条件状语从句，强调从句所表达的条件是主句动作发生的必要条件。 He can win the game only if he practices every day只有每天练习，他才有可能赢得比赛。 2. 被动语态 (教材原句) It is because human curiosity and ambition cannot be stopped (教材原句)The “Chinese Ladder” was placed at 8,600 meters above sea level. be stopped与was placed都是“be动词+动词的过去分词”构成的被动语态结构，表示“被...”。 The tree was cut down yesterday. 树昨天被砍了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Students should ________ to choose their own clothes. A．allow B．allowed C．be allowed D．be allowing 3. 不定式用法 (教材原句)Liu allowed his teammates to step on his shoulders. 此句中不定式作宾语补足语成分。allow sb. to do...表示“允许某人做...”。此外，invite,advise,encourage,teach,expect,order等动词也常跟不定式作宾补。 The Smiths invited us to go hiking this weekend. 史密斯夫妇邀请我们这周末去徒步。 (教材原句)In 1975, another Chinese team climbed to the top of Qomolangma to do research. (教材原句)Why do people still risk their lives to climb the highest mountain in the world? 这两句中的不定式作目的状语成分。此外，不定式结构还以充当原因状语、结果状语等。 He practices every day to improve his English.他每天练习为了提高英语。 He is surprised to meet her here.在这里遇到她，他很惊讶。 (教材原句)..., the Great Barrier Reef is one of the most amazing places to visit. 不定式作后置定语。当名词前有最高级，序数词等词修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。 He was the first man to reach the top.他是第一个到达顶峰的人。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) My parents always encourage me ________ my dreams, no matter how hard it is. A．follow B．to follow C．following D．followed (2) —What do you do in your free time? —I play the flute ________. A．relaxing B．to relax C．relaxes D．relaxed (3) His favourite place in the school is the library. It is the perfect place for students ________. A．study B．studying C．to studying D．to study 5、 知识过关练习 1. 词汇填空  (1) The _______ (北部的) region (区域) of Canada experiences long periods of daylight in summer. (2) The living ________ (条件) have been improved a lot since 1978. (3) The temperature stayed ________ (高于) zero, so it didn’t snow last night. (4) If I have seen further, it is by standing on the ________ (肩膀) of Giants (巨人). (5) Last night, his funny story ________ (吸引) everyone’s attention at the party. (6) The old traditions are kept ________ (活着) through music, dance, and storytelling in the village. (7) They tried their best to reduce the ________ (风险) of accidents in the snowfield. (8) The highest temperature in Siyang is about 3 ________（度数）today. It’s cold outside. (9) You should __________ (包含，包括) some examples in your essay. (10) You need to ________ (测量) the length of the desk before buying a cover for it. (11) Look! The children are playing with ________ (沙子) on the beach. (12) The ________ (好奇的) child kept asking all kinds of questions in yesterday’s science class. (13) Sandy has a beautiful voice. Many people say she is a ________ (天生的) singer. (14) Rimini (里米尼) is a popular place of interest on the east __________ (海岸) of Italy. (15) Many trees in that forest ________ (存活) after last year’s flood (洪水). (16) She improved her English skills __________ __________ __________ (逐渐地) through daily practice and consistent effort. 2. 单句语法填空 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) As a skilled ________ (climb), Alex Honnold climbed El Capitan without ropes. (2) The view from the ________ (north) side of the mountain was covered in white snow. (3) The ________ (survive) of the rare animals depends on the protection of their natural habitat. (4) The great scientist ________ last year. His ________ was our country’s loss. (die) (5) China is the third country in the world to ________ (successful) bring back rocks from the moon. (6) Climbing that tall tree looks fun, but you risk ________(get) hurt if you aren’t careful. (7) I’m thinking about quitting my job and starting my own business. It seems exciting but ________ (risk). (8) The baby showed ________ (curious) about the colorful balloons. (9) The ________ (explore) likes telling about his adventure. (10) If you love music, ________ (simple) book a trip and come to see it yourself. (11) The ___________ (travel) posted photos on her Wechat to share her journey with friends. (12) We can enjoy the ________ (nature) beauty in the mountains. (13) You should be able ________ (play) the piano for this performance. (14) She was determined ________ (train) every day for the big climb next month. (15) The teacher doesn’t allow students ________ (eat) in the classroom. (16) The brave young man took the risk of his life _________ (save) the child from fire. (17) The village is ________ (locate) at the foot of the mountain. (18) The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is one of the ________ (great) bridges in the world. (19) Jack loves to learn different ________ of traditional skills.(type) (20) The ________ (measure) of this room are 5 meters in length, 4 meters in width and 3 meters in height. 3. 单项填空 (1) Beijing, the capital city of China, is in the ________ part of our country. A．north B．south C．northern D．southern (2) —Dad, I got a job as a bus driver. —Congratulations. Make yourself ________ or the company will fire (解雇) you. A．changeable B．fashionable C．valuable D．possible (3) Even in winter, the temperature in Guangzhou is always ________ zero, so people never feel cold all year round. A．above B．below C．over D．under (4) He might risk ________ his job if he doesn’t work harder. His boss has already warned him several times about his performance. A．lose B．losing C．to lose D．lost (5) —Is it easy to use AI painters to create pictures? —Yes, it is. ________ type in what you want and the picture will come out. A．Widely B．Simply C．Properly D．Recently (6) The rescue team found a little girl who was still ________ under a building three days after the earthquake. They wondered how she was able to ________ the big earthquake. A．alive; survive B．living; survive C．alive; survive on D．living; survive in (7) The problem is ________ difficult that ________ students can solve it. A．so; a few B．such; little C．so; few D．so; a little (8) —You won’t be successful ________ you work hard. —I agree. That’s ________ everyone is making an effort to realize their dreams. A．until; why B．unless; because C．unless; why D．until; when (9) He didn’t learn to play the guitar overnight; he improved ________ through months of practice. A．hand in hand B．side by side C．bit by bit D．one by one (10) — ________ will the school sports meeting start? — In twenty minutes. A．How long B．How far C．How soon D．How often 4. 选词填空 A 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空（有多余项） curious    curiosity determine   simple   degree shoulders 1．He achieved his dream because he stood on the of his teachers and parents. 2．Her about the cave’s history made her read many books about it. 3．To some , it’s difficult to learn a foreign language well. 4．Although the weather was bad, she to finish the cave exploration. 5．The guide explained the problem so that everyone could understand it. 6．He has a strong about the world—he likes reading all kinds of books. B 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。 distance / hard / was determined to / survive / measured / degree / ambition A group of campers got lost in the forest last month. The 1 to the village was only 3 kilometres, but the thick trees and heavy rain made it 2 to find the way. Their leader, a young man named Tom, 3 take everyone back safely. “We must work together to 4 ,” he said. He 5 the direction with a compass and led the way. After 4 hours, all the campers got back to the village safely. C 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 nature  we  see  through  wonder  clear  actual  include  shock  experience One summer, my family went on a journey and 1 some of the most surprising sights in America. Our favourite place was Niagara Falls. It 2 three different waterfalls: Horse-shoe Falls, Bridal Veil Falls and American Falls. They go into the Niagara River and form a 3 border (边界) between the United States and Canada. There are several different ways to see the powerful waters: on foot, by boat or by air. The first night, we walked 4 Niagara Forest to American Falls. We could hear the loud sound of the water 5 before we reached the falls. During our following tour, the falling water 6 us when we were standing just six metres away from Bridal Veil Falls. It was a perfect place to 7 the power of the falls— and to get 8 very wet! 9 , we haven’t travelled for two years. Now I’m looking forward to having a wonderful trip. There is so much to see in the world. I’m sure we will visit great 10 like Niagara Falls. 5. 翻译句子 1．这座山高得连鸟儿都飞不过去。 2．队员们下定决心赢得排球比赛。 3．这个湿地公园是观察候鸟的最佳地点之一。 4．如果你每天锻炼一点点，你会变得更强壮。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature核心知识点精讲 3 (Section B) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section B部分包括本部分重点短语集锦、重点词汇解析、重难句型解析、其他知识解析等板块，核心知识点讲解中包含适当数量，多种类型的随学随练。配有“知识过关练习”，包含词汇填空、单句语法填空、单项填空、选词填空、翻译句子等题型。 · Section B部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语) 1. explore nature 探索自然 2. the northern side of the mountain 山的北侧 3. the distance between...and... …… 和…… 之间的距离 4. reach new heights 勇攀新高 5. one of the greatest wonders of the world 世界上最伟大的奇观之一 6. feel like 感觉像；想要做某事 7. be able to do sth 能够做... 8. only if 只有...才... 9. survive the terrible conditions 在恶劣的环境中生存下来 10. deal with 应对，处理 11. be determined to do sth 决心做某事 12. make the climb 成功攀登；完成爬坡 13. arrive at 到达 14. above sea level 海拔以上 15. so...that... 如此…… 以至于…… 16. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 17. bit by bit 一点一点地 18. pull oneself up 奋力向上爬 19. make it 成功 20. for the first time 第一次 21. do research 做研究 22. measure its height 测量它的高度 23. risk one’s life to do sth 冒生命危险做某事 24. human curiosity and ambition 人类的好奇心与野心 25. as sb puts it 正如某人所说 26. how far/how heavy/how large/how often 多远/多重/多大/多久一次 27. located in/on... 位于... 28. freshwater lake 淡水湖 29. different types of 不同种类的... 30. after all 毕竟 31. if so 如果这样的话 32. take up 占据；开始从事，培养 33. white sand beaches 白色沙滩 34. the dream of a lifetime 一生的梦 35. a salt lake 盐湖 2、 重点词汇解析 1. climber /ˈklaɪmə(r)/ n. 攀登者；登山者  [词汇拓展] climb(v.)攀登；攀登，攀缘；(n.) climbing(n.)登山运动 [词汇搭配] the best climbers最优秀的登山者 [词汇例句] Many climbers want to challenge themselves.很多登山者想要挑战自己。 [随学随练] 用climb适当形式填空 (1) Every year, hundreds of climbers from all over the world come here. (2) The path to the top is almost straight up, but that makes the climb so exciting! (3) Look ! Some monkeys are climbing the trees. (4) Climbing is popular, and more and more students are becoming interested in it. 2. northern /ˈnɔːðən/ adj. 北部的；向北的 southern /ˈsʌðən/ adj. 南部的；向南的 northeastern /ˌnɔːθˈiːstən/ adj.东北的；东北方向的 [词汇拓展] north(n.)北；south(n.)南；northeast(n.)东北；west(n.)西；western(adj.)西部的；east(n.)东 eastern(adj.)东部的;northwest(n.)西北；northwestern(adj.)西北的；southeast(n.)东南 southeastern(adj.)东南的；southwest(n.)西南；southwestern(adj.)西南的 [词汇搭配] the northern side of the mountain山的北侧；the northeastern coast of Australia澳大利亚东北海岸 [词汇例句] The Lion Dance has different meanings in northern and southern China. 舞狮在中国北方和南方有 不同的含义。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The Himalayas run along the ________ part of China. It’s one of the most popular places for mountain climbing. A．south B．southern C．northern D．southwestern 【答案】D 【详解】句意：喜马拉雅山脉沿着中国西南部延伸。它是爬山最受欢迎的地方之一。 考查形容词词义辨析。south南方；southern南部的；northern北方的；southwestern西南的。根据常识可知，喜马拉雅山在中国的西南方向。故选D。 3. survive /səˈvaɪv/ v. 生存；存活；艰难度过 [词汇拓展] survival (n.)存活，幸存；survivor(n.)幸存者，存活着 [词汇搭配] survive the terrible conditions在恶劣的环境中生存下来 [词汇例句] The desert is very dry. It’s hard to survive there.沙漠非常干燥，在那里生存很困难。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Few plants can ________ in such dry conditions. A．spread B．survive C．die D．appear 【答案】B 【详解】句意：很少有植物能在如此干燥的条件下生存。 spread扩散；survive存活；die死；appear出现。根据“such dry conditions”可知，环境恶劣，推测出植物很难存活，强调在艰难环境中生存应用survive。 4. condition /kənˈdɪʃn/ n. 环境；条件；状态 [词汇拓展] conditional(adj.)有条件的；有前提的；unconditional (adj.)无条件的；无限制的 [词汇搭配] living conditions 生活条件；working conditions 工作条件 be in bad/good condition 处于糟糕的/良好的状态；out of condition状况不佳 on no condition 无论如何都不；决不 [词汇例句] Modern schools provide better conditions for teachers. 现代学校为教师提供了更好的条件。 [随学随练] 用condition相关表达补全句子 (1) 你决不能告诉他们所发生的事。 You must on no condition tell them what happened. (2) 他体重超重，健康状况不佳。 He is overweight and out of condition. (3) 政府正在努力改善他们的生活条件。 The government are trying hard to improve their living conditions . (4) 如果你经常锻炼并摄入适当的食物，你的眼睛就能长时间保持良好的状态。 If you exercise regularly and eat the right kind of food, your eyes will stay in good condition for a long time. 5. degree /dɪˈɡriː/ n. 度；度数；程度；(大学)学位 [词汇搭配] fall to -30 degrees 降到零下30度；to a certain degree在一定程度上 by degrees逐渐地；渐渐地 [词汇例句] I agree with you to a certain degree . 我在某种程度上同意你的观点。 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中degree的中文意思 (1) Water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit (32˚F) or zero degrees Celsius (0˚C). 度数 (2) Her job demands(需要) a high degree of skill. 程度 (3) My brother has a doctor's degree from Shanghai University. 学位 (4) If you exercise every day, you will form a good habit by degrees.  逐渐地 6. changeable /ˈtʃeɪndʒəbl/ adj. 可能变化的；易变的；常变的 [词汇拓展] change(v./n.)变化，改变；unchangeable(adj.)不可改变的 [词汇搭配] changeable weather 易变的天气 [词汇例句] he weather is very changeable at this time of year.年年在这个时候天气都变化无常。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The weather in the mountains is very ________; it can be sunny one moment and rainy the next. A．peaceful B．comfortable C．pleasant D．changeable 【答案】D 【详解】句意：山里的天气变化无常；这一刻可能是晴天，下一刻就下雨了。 peaceful平静的；comfortable舒服的；pleasant令人愉快的；changeable多变的。根据“it can be sunny one moment and rainy the next”可知这一刻是晴天，下一刻就下雨了，说明天气是多变的，应填changeable。 7. death /deθ/ n. 死亡；毁灭；破灭 [词汇拓展] die(v.)死亡；dead(adj.)死的；不运行的；dying(adj.)濒死的 [词汇搭配] a sudden death 猝死；the death of all my plans 我所有计划的破灭 do sth to death做烦了；看腻了；听厌了；scare sb to death 把某人吓得要命 [词汇例句] Studies also show that people with more weak ties are healthier and have a lower risk of early death.研究还表明，拥有更多弱关系的人更健康，早逝的风险也更低。 [随学随练] 用death的适当形式填空。 (1) 1.5 million people are in immediate danger of death from starvation(饥饿). (2) And he thought he couldn’t walk like other boys and would die soon. (3) Birds are better than wolves in these ways. They can see dead insects from far away. (4) He took the dying dog to the hospital. Luckily, the doctor saved it. 8. determined /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/ adj. 有决心的；坚决的 [词汇拓展] determine(v.)决定，确定；determination(n.)决心 [词汇搭配] be determined to do决定做某事；a determined look坚定的眼神 [词汇例句] She was determined to fix it and find out the truth behind the virus.她下定决心要解决这个问 题，并查明病毒背后的真相。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —Stephen Hawking never stopped studying the universe though he had a serious illness. —He was really ________. Nothing could stop him from his research. A．disappointed B．shocked C．surprised D．determined 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——尽管史蒂芬·霍金患有重病，但他从未停止研究宇宙。——他真的很有决心。没有什么能阻止他的研究。 disappointed失望的；shocked震惊的；surprised惊讶的；determined坚决的。根据“never stopped studying…though he had a serious illness”及“Nothing could stop him”可知，此处指他意志坚定，下定了决心。应填determined。 9. above /əˈbʌv/ prep. & adv. 在（……）上方；高于 [词汇拓展] below(prep & adv.) prep. & adv.在（……）下面；低于 [词汇搭配] above sea level 在海平面之上；above average高于平均值；above all最重要的是；尤其是 above yourself自高自大；妄自尊大 [词汇例句] I just think you're getting a little bit above yourself. 我只是觉得你变得有点自视过高。 [随学随练] on / above / over · on表示一个物体在另一个物体之上，且两个物体相互接触。 The book is on the desk. 书在桌子上。 · over 表示一个物体在另一个物体的正上方，两个物体不接触。其对应的词为under。over还可以表示一个物体跨越另一个物体，或一个物体覆盖另一个物体。 He hung the light over the table. 他把灯悬挂在桌子上。 There is an old stone bridge over the river. 河上有一座老的石桥。 Mum lay a blanket over the sofa. 妈妈在沙发上铺了一条毯子。 · above表示一个物体在另一个物体的上方任意位置，两个物体不接触。其相对的词为below。 He lifted his hands above his head.他将双手举过头顶。 · above与over都可以用于度量和比较：above常与最低限度或某固定点关联。over常与数量、年龄、金钱和时间等连用。 We cannot accept children above the age of 10. 我们不能接受10岁以上的儿童。 It costs over £100. 这个值100英镑以上。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The picture on the right shows that the student’s body temperature is ________ 39℃. A．over B．at C．above D．below 【答案】C 【详解】句意：右边的图片显示学生的体温在39°C 以上。 over超过；at在；above在……以上；below在……以下。根据体温计示数和“the student’s body temperature is ____ 39℃”可知，体温在39℃之上，用above更准确，over强调“超过”而above强调“数值之上”。应填above。 10. shoulder /ˈʃəʊldə(r)/ n. 肩膀；肩部 v.承担，担负；挤，闯；（用肩膀）推开，顶开；背，扛，挑，担 [词汇搭配] step on their shoulders踩在他们肩膀上；on sb's shoulders由某人承担 shoulder to shoulder (with sb)肩并肩地；齐心协力 [词汇例句] Standing up straight with your shoulders back shows confidence. 站直身体，肩膀向后仰，这 样会显得自信。 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中shoulder的中文意思 (1) You need to move your arms, your legs, your shoulders and your neck often. 肩膀 (2) He shouldered a bag and went away. 背，扛 (3) Nowadays, the Grand Canal still shoulders the responsibilities (责任) of transporting rice from the South to the North. 承担，担负 (4) He shouldered his way through the crowd and went after her. （用肩膀）推开，顶开 (5) He shouldered the man aside. 挤，闯 (6) They could fight shoulder to shoulder against a common enemy. 齐心协力 11. measure /ˈmeʒə(r)/ v. 测量；量度为 n. 措施；度量单位 [词汇拓展] measurement (n.) 数量；测量；measurable(adj.)可测量的 [词汇搭配] measure its height测量它的高度；measuring instruments测量仪器 [词汇用法] · measure可用作及物动词，表示“测量”。 Please measure the length of the desk. 请测量下课桌的长度。 · measure表示“量度为...”时，用作系动词。 The bedroom measures 3.5 meters by 4 meters. 卧室宽3.5米，长4米。 [随学随练] 单项填空 So far,our government has taken ________ to protect our natural environment, so you will see a more blue sky. A．something B．ways C．measures D．manners 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到目前为止，我们的政府已经采取措施保护我们的自然环境，所以你会看到一个更蓝的天空。 考查名词辨析。something某样东西；ways方式；measures措施； manners礼貌。根据空格前的“taken”以及空格后的“to protect our natural environment”，可知，此处表示“采取措施来保护自然环境”，故选C。 12. successfully /səkˈsesfəli/ adv.成功地；顺利地 [词汇拓展] successful (adj.)成功的；success(n.)成功；succeed(v.)成功 [词汇搭配] reach the top successfully成功登顶 [词汇例句] Finally, he returned to Tianjin successfully.最终，他成功地回到天津。 [随学随练] 用success的适当形式填空 (1) Smiling also makes you look younger and seem more successful. (2) If you try your best to study, you will succeed at last.  (3) Though she met lots of difficulties, she successfully helped so many students to go to college. (4) As the saying goes, “Success only comes through hard work.” 13. risk /rɪsk/ v. 使……冒风险（或面临危险） n. 危险；风险 risky /ˈrɪski/ adj. 有危险（或风险）的 [词汇拓展] <比较级>riskier；<最高级>riskiest [词汇搭配] risk one’s life to do...冒生命危险做某事；risk doing 冒险(做…)；the risk of... ...的风险 at risk 有危险，冒风险；run a/the risk of (doing) sth. 冒风险；有...的危险 take risks /take a risk冒险 [词汇例句] She was risking her own and her children's health. 她在使自己和子女的健康遭受威胁。 [随学随练] 单项填空 You should not ________ your health by staying up too late. A．take B．keep C．risk D．make 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你不应该通过熬夜太晚来拿你的健康冒险。 take拿；keep保持；risk冒险；make制作。根据“by staying up too late”，此处是说熬夜对健康有害，不应该拿健康冒险，应用risk。 14. curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/ n. 好奇心；求知欲 curious /ˈkjʊərɪəs/ adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的 [词汇拓展] curiously(adv.)好奇地 [词汇搭配] curious about...对...好奇的；be curious to do好奇做某事 show curiosity about对...显露出好奇心 [词汇例句] They were very curious about the people who lived upstairs. 他们对住在楼上的人感到很好奇。 [随学随练] 用curious的适当形式填空 (1) Once you understand them, you may become more curious and interested in the new culture (2) He would keep his curiosity and adventurous spirit because he believed they could bring him more surprises! (3) ‘Are you really an artist?’ Sara asked curiously. 15. ambition /æmˈbiʃn/ n. 追求的目标；野心；雄心 [词汇拓展] ambitious (adj.)有野心的；有雄心的；ambitiously (adv.)有野心地 unambitious(adj.)人无抱负的；无名利心的 [词汇搭配] human curiosity and ambition人类的好奇心与野心；sporting ambitions运动目标 [词汇用法] · ambition表示“追求的目标”，用作可数名词。常用搭配：ambition of doing...做某事的夙愿 If you have an ambition to do or achieve something, you want very much to do it or achieve it.如果你有做某事或取得某成就的目标，你就会非常渴望去做或去实现它。 · ambition表示“野心；雄心”，用作不可数名词。 Even when I was young I never had any ambition. 即使是年轻时，我也从没有什么雄心壮志。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Jackie’s strong ________ is to become a famous singer. A．hobby B．business C．ambition D．language 【答案】C 【详解】句意：杰基强烈的志向是成为一名著名歌手。 考查名词辨析。hobby业余爱好；business商业；ambition理想，志向；language语言。根据“...to become a famous singer.”可知，此处指成为著名歌手是他的志向，故用ambition。故选C。 16. explorer /ɪkˈsplɔːrə(r)/ n. 探险者；勘探者 [词汇拓展] explore(v.)探索；exploration(n.)探索 [词汇搭配] the English explorer英国探险者 [词汇例句] Lei Diansheng is a famous Chinese explorer and environmental protector. 雷殿生是中国著名的探 险家和环保人士。 [随学随练] 用explore的适当形式填空 (1) He explored the island every day and found many new things.  (2) A study of the temple is an exploration of an ancient Chinese engineering miracle (奇迹). (3) Explorers need strong determination to succeed. 17. simply /ˈsɪmpli/ adv. 仅仅；只；简单地 [词汇拓展] simple (adj.)简单的；simplicity(n.)简单（性）；容易（性） [词汇例句] Simply add hot water and stir. 只需加上热水搅动就行 [随学随练] 单项填空 Weight control isn’t ________ about losing weight but also about improving health. A．simply B．smoothly C．carefully D．correctly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：体重控制不仅仅关于减肥，还关于改善健康。 simply仅仅；smoothly顺利地；carefully仔细地；correctly正确地。根据“but also”可知前后构成“不仅仅……而且……”的关系，not simply意为“不仅仅”，符合语境。 18. located /ləʊˈkeɪtɪd/ adj. 位于；坐落在 [词汇拓展] locate(v.)把…安置在（或建造于）；找出…的准确位置；location(n.)位置 [词汇搭配] located in/on... 位于...，坐落在... [词汇例句] The restaurant is located by a river. 饭店坐落在小河边。 19. type /taɪp/ n. 类型；种类 v.打字 [词汇拓展] typical(adj.)典型的；typist(n.)打字员；typewriter(n.)打字机；kind/sort (n.)种类 [词汇搭配] different types of... 不同种类的；blood type/group 血型 [词汇例句] I love these types of books. 我喜欢这些种类的书籍。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Tea has a long history. The picture on the right shows us the ________ of tea. A．tastes B．types C．qualities D．materials 【答案】B 【详解】句意：茶有着悠久的历史。右边的图片向我们展示了茶的种类。 考查名词词义辨析。tastes口味；types种类；qualities质量；materials材料。图片中展示的是茶的种类，有龙井、绿茶、红茶和白茶，故选B。 20. attract /əˈtrækt/ v. 吸引；招引 [词汇拓展] attraction(n.) 吸引；有吸引力的事物；attractive(adj.)有吸引力的 [词汇搭配] attract many curious traveller吸引许多好奇的旅行者；attract sb. to...吸引某人喜爱... be attracted to...对...有好感，被...吸引 [词汇例句] This plan attracts a lot of interest . 这个计划引起了很大的兴趣。 [随学随练] 用attract的相关表达补全句子。 (1) 黄山每年吸引上百万的游客。 Mount Huangshan attracts millions of tourists every year. (2) 小男孩被树上的猫吸引了。 The boy was attracted to the cat in the tree. (3) 她试图引起服务员的注意。 She tried to attract the attention of the waiter. 21. natural /ˈnætʃrəl/ adj. 自然的；天然的；天生的 [词汇拓展] nature(n.)自然；天性；naturally(adv.)自然地；天生地；unnatural(adj.)不自然的 [词汇搭配] natural wonder自然奇观；the natural world 自然界；natural yogurt原味酸奶 [词汇例句] It's only natural to worry about your children. 为孩子操心是很自然的。 [随学随练] 用natural的适当形式填空 (1) We should love and look after all the living things in nature.  (2) It seems unnatural for Alice to spend so much time alone. She needs company(陪伴). (3) The natural wetland with water, shallow areas, and safe places for birds has been getting better over the years. (4) After a while, we naturally started talking about the children. 22. alive /əˈlaɪv/ adj. 活着；在世；有活力 [词汇拓展] living(adj.)活着的；live(adj.)活的；现场直播的 [词汇用法] · alive表示“活着的”，“有活力的”，常用作表语，宾补等，不在名词前作定语。 The cat is still alive. 猫仍然活着。 · alive还可以用于以下短语：alive with“充满，到处都是(活的或动的东西)”；alive to sth.“注意到，意识到，察觉到”；come alive“（使）恢复生机；（使）变得生动，变得有趣”；bring sth. alive“使...有趣；使...生动”。 The pond was alive with frogs. 池塘里满是青蛙。 When I read this book, I can see how Sima Qian made the characters come alive.当我读这本书时，我能感受到司马迁是如何让书中的人物栩栩如生的。 [词汇辨析] · alive修饰人或物，作表语，宾补等。作定语时要放在被修饰词之后。 He may be the laziest man alive. 他可能是世上最懒惰的人了。 · living修饰人或物，充当定语或表语。作定语时，可前置，也可后置。 All living things need water. 一切生物都需要水。 · live表示“活着的”，可做定语、表语。live作定语通常只修饰物，且要前置。 live还可以作形容词或副词，表示“实况转播，现场的/地”。 They saw a live snake. 他们看见一条活的蛇。 Murray was a guest on a live radio show.默里在一个直播的电台节目里当嘉宾。 · lively表示“活泼的，生气勃勃的”，修饰人或物，作表语或定语等。 Lucy is a lively girl.  露西是个充满活力的女孩。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —Have you ever watched the programme China in the Classics on CCTV? —Yes, I like it. It brings Chinese ancient books ________ on screen. A．living B．live C．alive D．lively 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你看过中央电视台的《典籍里的中国》这个节目吗？——是的，我喜欢它。它把中国古籍活生生地呈现在屏幕上。 考查形容词辨析。living活着的；live实况转播的；alive活着的；lively活泼的。根据“It brings Chinese ancient books...on screen.”可知，此处指让中国古籍活生生地呈现在屏幕上，bring sth. alive“使……栩栩如生”，强调赋予生命力的状态。故选C。 (2) The ______ show by Wang Yibo and Aaron Kwok at the 2026 Spring Festival Gala was so ______ that all the fans felt excited. A．alive; lively B．lively; live C．live; living D．live; lively 【答案】D 【详解】句意：王一博和郭富城在2026年春晚上的现场表演非常生动，所有粉丝都感到兴奋。 alive活着的；lively生动的；live现场的；living活着的。根据“show”可知，表示“现场表演”，用live show；再根据“so...that all the fans felt excited”可知，表示表演生动，用lively。应填live；lively。 3、 重难句型解析 1. 最高级句型 (教材原句)To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest wonders of the world.对大多数人来说，珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一 one of the greatest wonders of the world是最高级常用句型之一：“one of +the+最高级+复数名词”表示“最...的...之一”。 The elephant is one of the biggest animals on earth.大象是地球上最大的动物之一。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Ice-skating is one of ________ activities for teenagers in winter. A．popular B．more popular C．the most popular D．most popular 【答案】C 【详解】句意：滑冰是冬季青少年中最受欢迎的活动之一。 考查形容词最高级。popular受欢迎的；more popular更受欢迎的；the most popular最受欢迎的；most popular最受欢迎的（缺少定冠词）。分析句子结构可知，此处是“one of+形容词最高级+复数名词”结构，意为“最……的……之一”，所以空处填形容词最高级形式。故选C。 2. 宾语从句 (教材原句)On the highest place on earth, you will feel like you are able to touch the sky. 此句中you are able to touch the sky作feel like的宾语，是一个宾语从句，省略了引导词that。 3. 状语从句 (教材原句)People said it was so high that even birds could not reach it. 人们说它高得连鸟儿都飞不上去。 so...that...引导结果状语从句，表示“如此...以至于...”。such...that...也用于引导结果状语从句。so用于修饰形容词或副词；such修饰名词或名词短语。 The boy ran so fast that no one could catch up with him.那个男孩跑得那么快，以至于没人能追上他。 Zhang Peng is such an excellent student that everybody likes him.张鹏是如此优秀的一个学生以至于每个人都喜欢他。 (教材原句)If you visit it, you will see the largest living structure on earth. (教材原句)If you dive deeper, you might see large fish, turtles, and sharks. 这两句中都包含if引导的条件状语从句。if引导条件状语从句时，若主句是一般将来时，或主句的谓语动词含有情态动词，或主句是祈使句时，从句一般使用一般现在时，遵循“主将从现”原则。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) It’s ________ useful information ________ we can’t wait to share it with other teams. A．so an; that B．so; that C．such a; that D．such; that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这是如此有用的信息，以至于我们迫不及待地想与其他团队分享。 考查结果状语从句。本句中“information”为不可数名词，且前有形容词“useful”修饰，应用“such+形容词+不可数名词+that”结构。故选D。 (2) If we ________ care of the environment, there ________ more natural disasters in the future. A．don’t take; will be B．won’t take; will be C．don’t take; are D．won’t take; are 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果我们不爱护环境，将来会有更多的自然灾害。 if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，即从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时。第一空位于从句中，结合句意表示“不爱护”，应用一般现在时don’t take；第二空位于主句中，是there be句型的将来时结构，根据时间状语“in the future”可知应用will be。 4. 表语从句 (教材原句) It is because human curiosity and ambition cannot be stopped. 此句中because....stopped是一个表语从句。because和why可以用于引导表语从句。That’s because...解释原因，意为“那是因为...”。That's why... 后接某事产生的结果，含义是“那就是为什么...” That’s why he was able to finish the task. 那就是他为什么能够完成这个任务的原因。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) Many people ask me why I like Mickey Mouse. That’s ________ he always tries his best to win. A．if B．after C．though D．because 【答案】D 【详解】句意：许多人问我为什么喜欢米老鼠。那是因为他总是尽最大努力去赢。 考查连词辨析。if如果；after在……之后；though尽管；because因为。根据“Many people ask me why I like Mickey Mouse.”可知此处介绍喜欢米老鼠的原因，用because引导表语从句。故选D。 (2) Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life. And that’s ________ he can be successful. A．what B．when C．why D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：迈克尔乔丹一生中失败了一次又一次。这就是他能成功的原因。考查表语从句引导词。A.what“什么”，表事/物；B.when“何时”，表时间；C. why“为什么”，表原因；D. where“哪里”，表地点。句子主语that指的是前句Michael Jordan has failed over and over again，解释了他成功的原因；根据句意语境，可知why符合句意，故选C。 5. As sb. put it 句型 (教材原句) Or, as the English explorer George Mallory put it, it is simply “because it’s there”! as sb. put it意为“正如某人所说的”，后面引出某人所说过的某句话，此句型中put表示“说，表达”，此用法还用于一些短语，如put simply“简单地说吧”。 He was too trusting─or, to put it another way , he had no head for business.他太轻信人了——或者换个说法，他没有商业头脑。 Put simply, we accept their offer. 简单地说吧，我们接受他们的提议。 6. 定语从句 (教材原句)For people who love the ocean, visiting the Great Barrier Reef is the dream of a lifetime. 此句中who love the ocean是who引导的一个定语从句修饰前面的people。当修饰词是人时，通常用who或that引导定语从句；当被修饰词是物时，常用which或that引导定语从句。who/which/that在引导定语从句时，都要在从句中充当主干成分。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) The man ________ wears a blue coat is our new teacher. A．which B．whose C．who D．whom 【答案】C 【详解】句意：穿蓝色外套的那个男人是我们的新老师。 考查定语从句的关系代词。根据“The man...wears a blue coat is our new teacher.”可知，空白处需填入关系代词引导定语从句修饰the man，且在从句中作主语。which指物，不指人；whose表示所有格，不能作主语；whom是宾格，只能作宾语，不能作主语；who指人，在定语从句中作主语，符合句意。故选C。 (2) The famous scientist wrote an important book ________ has helped millions of students understand the universe. A．who B．what C．which D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位著名的科学家写了一本重要的书，帮助数百万学生了解了宇宙。 考查定语从句引导词。who指人；what不引导定语从句；which指物；where指地点。根据“an important book...has helped…”可知，空格后为定语从句，修饰先行词“book”，且从句缺主语，需用关系代词which。故选C。 4、 其他知识解析 1. only if 用法 (教材原句)But only the best climbers reach the top, and that is only if they survive the terrible conditions first. 但只有最优秀的登山者才能登顶，而这前提是他们首先要在恶劣的环境中存活下来。 only if表示“只有...才...”。引导条件状语从句，强调从句所表达的条件是主句动作发生的必要条件。 He can win the game only if he practices every day只有每天练习，他才有可能赢得比赛。 2. 被动语态 (教材原句) It is because human curiosity and ambition cannot be stopped (教材原句)The “Chinese Ladder” was placed at 8,600 meters above sea level. be stopped与was placed都是“be动词+动词的过去分词”构成的被动语态结构，表示“被...”。 The tree was cut down yesterday. 树昨天被砍了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Students should ________ to choose their own clothes. A．allow B．allowed C．be allowed D．be allowing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：学生应该被允许选择他们自己的衣服。 主语“Students”与动词allow之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；should为情态动词，其被动语态结构为should be+过去分词，allow的过去分词为allowed。应填be allowed。 3. 不定式用法 (教材原句)Liu allowed his teammates to step on his shoulders. 此句中不定式作宾语补足语成分。allow sb. to do...表示“允许某人做...”。此外，invite,advise,encourage,teach,expect,order等动词也常跟不定式作宾补。 The Smiths invited us to go hiking this weekend. 史密斯夫妇邀请我们这周末去徒步。 (教材原句)In 1975, another Chinese team climbed to the top of Qomolangma to do research. (教材原句)Why do people still risk their lives to climb the highest mountain in the world? 这两句中的不定式作目的状语成分。此外，不定式结构还以充当原因状语、结果状语等。 He practices every day to improve his English.他每天练习为了提高英语。 He is surprised to meet her here.在这里遇到她，他很惊讶。 (教材原句)..., the Great Barrier Reef is one of the most amazing places to visit. 不定式作后置定语。当名词前有最高级，序数词等词修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。 He was the first man to reach the top.他是第一个到达顶峰的人。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) My parents always encourage me ________ my dreams, no matter how hard it is. A．follow B．to follow C．following D．followed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的父母总是鼓励我追随我的梦想，无论有多难。 动词短语encourage somebody to do something意为“鼓励某人做某事”，空处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语，to follow符合用法。 (2) —What do you do in your free time? —I play the flute ________. A．relaxing B．to relax C．relaxes D．relaxed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你空闲时间做什么？——我吹长笛来放松。 本句表达的含义是“我吹长笛来放松”，说明吹长笛的目的，要用动词不定式to do作目的状语。 (3) His favourite place in the school is the library. It is the perfect place for students ________. A．study B．studying C．to studying D．to study 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他在学校最喜欢的地方是图书馆。它是学生学习的完美地方。 考查非谓语动词。根据“His favourite place in the school is the library. It is the perfect place for students”可知，此处指这个场所的用途是供学生学习，即“学习的场所”，用不定式结构，作后置定语，修饰“place”。故选D。 5、 知识过关练习 1. 词汇填空  (1) The _______ (北部的) region (区域) of Canada experiences long periods of daylight in summer. 【答案】northern 【详解】句意：加拿大的北部地区在夏季经历漫长的白昼。“北部的”在英语中常用northern表达，该词在句中作定语，修饰名词region。 (2) The living ________ (条件) have been improved a lot since 1978. 【答案】conditions 【详解】句意：自1978年以来，生活条件已经改善了很多。“条件”对应的英文是“condition”，句中“have”提示要用复数形式“conditions”。故填conditions。 (3) The temperature stayed ________ (高于) zero, so it didn’t snow last night. 【答案】above 【详解】句意：气温保持在零度以上，所以昨晚没下雪。根据汉语提示“高于”以及语境（描述温度在某个数值之上）“above”意为“在……上方；高于”，常用于表示温度、高度等数值的范围。 (4) If I have seen further, it is by standing on the ________ (肩膀) of Giants (巨人). 【答案】shoulders 【详解】句意：如果我看得更远，那就是站在巨人的肩膀上。shoulder“肩膀，可数名词；由“Giants”可知空处应填shoulder的复数形式shoulders。故填shoulders。 (5) Last night, his funny story ________ (吸引) everyone’s attention at the party. 【答案】attracted 【详解】句意：昨晚，他有趣的故事在聚会上吸引了每个人的注意力。句中Last night为过去的时间状语，时态是一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。attract的过去式直接在词尾加-ed，故填attracted。 (6) The old traditions are kept ________ (活着) through music, dance, and storytelling in the village. 【答案】alive 【详解】句意：在这个村庄里，古老的传统通过音乐、舞蹈和讲故事得以延续。在主动语态中，keep后需接形容词作宾语补足语。keep...alive是固定表达，意为“使……存活”，此处指让古老传统得以保留和传承。故填 alive。 (7) They tried their best to reduce the ________ (风险) of accidents in the snowfield. 【答案】risk 【详解】句意：他们尽力降低雪地事故的风险。根据中文提示“风险”，结合句子结构，这里需要一个名词。risk作为名词，意为“风险；危险”，符合题意，且reduce the risk of意为“降低……的风险”，所以横线处应填risk。 (8) The highest temperature in Siyang is about 3 ________（度数）today. It’s cold outside. 【答案】degrees 【详解】句意：泗阳今天最高气温约3度。外面很冷。“度数”degree。根据“The highest temperature in Siyang is about 3”可知，此处指温度度数，且应用复数形式。故填degrees。 (9) You should __________ (包含，包括) some examples in your essay. 【答案】include 【详解】句意：你应当在文章中包含一些例子。include包含，包括，空前为should，因此空处应填动词原形，故填include。 (10) You need to ________ (测量) the length of the desk before buying a cover for it. 【答案】measure 【详解】句意：买桌套之前，你需要测量书桌的长度。measure“测量”，动词，根据“need to”可知，to后面接动词原形，因此measure用原形。故填measure。 (11) Look! The children are playing with ________ (沙子) on the beach. 【答案】sand 【详解】句意：看！孩子们正在沙滩上玩沙子。“沙子”对应的英文是“sand”，为不可数名词，直接作宾语使用，故填sand。 (12) The ________ (好奇的) child kept asking all kinds of questions in yesterday’s science class. 【答案】curious 【详解】句意：那个好奇的孩子在昨天的科学课上不停地提出各种各样的问题。curious“好奇的”，形容词作定语，故填curious。 (13) Sandy has a beautiful voice. Many people say she is a ________ (天生的) singer. 【答案】natural 【详解】句意：Sandy有一副优美的嗓音，很多人说她是一个天生的歌手。natural“天生的”，形容词作定语。故填natural。 (14) Rimini (里米尼) is a popular place of interest on the east __________ (海岸) of Italy. 【答案】coast 【详解】句意：里米尼是意大利东海岸的一个热门旅游胜地。“海岸”对应单词为coast，前面有定冠词the，此处特指意大利东海岸，所以用单数形式。 (15) Many trees in that forest ________ (存活) after last year’s flood (洪水). 【答案】survived 【详解】句意：去年洪水过后，那片森林里的许多树都存活了下来。根据“last year’s flood”可知，句子用一般过去时，“存活”的英文为survive，其过去式为survived。由于主语是Many trees，因此动词为survived，故填survived。 (16) She improved her English skills __________ __________ __________ (逐渐地) through daily practice and consistent effort. 【答案】 bit by bit 【详解】句意：她通过日常练习和持续的努力逐渐提高了自己的英语技能。句中“improved”是谓语动词，句子整体表达技能提升的过程状态。“bit by bit”是固定短语，意为“逐渐地”，在句中作状语，用来修饰动词“improved”，说明提高英语技能是逐步发生的，故填bit；by；bit。 2. 单句语法填空 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) As a skilled ________ (climb), Alex Honnold climbed El Capitan without ropes. 【答案】climber 【详解】句意：作为一名熟练的攀岩者，亚历克斯·霍诺德在没有绳索的情况下攀爬了酋长岩。不定冠词“a”和形容词“skilled”后需接可数名词单数形式，表示职业或身份。“climb”的名词形式“climber”符合语境，意为“攀岩者”。 (2) The view from the ________ (north) side of the mountain was covered in white snow. 【答案】northern 【详解】句意：从山的北面望去，到处是白雪。根据“side of the mountain”可知，此处指山的北面，用形容词northern“北面的”作定语修饰名词side。 (3) The ________ (survive) of the rare animals depends on the protection of their natural habitat. 【答案】survival 【详解】句意：稀有动物的生存依赖于对它们自然栖息地的保护。结合“The…of the rare animals depends on…”的句子结构，定冠词“The”后需要接名词；括号内的“survive”是动词，意为“生存”，其对应的名词形式是“survival”，表示“生存”，符合“The survival of…”的表达逻辑。故填survival。 (4) The great scientist ________ last year. His ________ was our country’s loss. (die) 【答案】 died death 【详解】句意：这位伟大的科学家去年去世了。他的逝世是我们国家的损失。第一空，根据“The great scientist ... last year.”可知，此处用作谓语，时态为一般过去时，需用die的过去式died“去世”；第二空，根据“His ... was our country’s loss.”可知，此处位于形容词性物主代词His之后，在句中作主语，需用die的名词形式death “逝世”。故填died；death。 (5) China is the third country in the world to ________ (successful) bring back rocks from the moon. 【答案】successfully 【详解】句意：中国是世界上第三个成功从月球带回岩石的国家。根据“to”及“bring back”提示，动词不定式符号to后接动词原形，此处应填副词修饰动词短语bring back。successful的副词形式是successfully。 (6) Climbing that tall tree looks fun, but you risk ________(get) hurt if you aren’t careful. 【答案】getting 【详解】句意：爬那棵高树看起来很有趣，但如果不小心的话，你会有受伤的风险。“risk doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“冒险做某事”，所以此处需将动词“get”变为动名词形式“getting”。 (7) I’m thinking about quitting my job and starting my own business. It seems exciting but ________ (risk). 【答案】risky 【详解】句意：我在考虑辞职自己创业。这看起来很刺激，但也有风险。句中“seems”是系动词，后接形容词作表语，与“exciting”并列。“risk”是名词，其形容词形式为“risky”，故填risky。 (8) The baby showed ________ (curious) about the colorful balloons. 【答案】curiosity 【详解】句意：这个婴儿对彩色气球表现出好奇。因为动词“showed”后需要接名词作宾语，构成短语show curiosity about (对……表现出好奇)。“curious”是形容词，其名词形式“curiosity”在句子中作宾语，符合语境。故填curiosity。 (9) The ________ (explore) likes telling about his adventure. 【答案】explorer 【详解】句意：这个探险家喜欢讲述他的冒险经历。explore“探索”，根据“likes telling about his adventure”可知，此处指人，explorer“探险家”，可数名词，根据“likes”可知，空处用单数形式。故填explorer。 (10) If you love music, ________ (simple) book a trip and come to see it yourself. 【答案】simply 【详解】句意：如果你热爱音乐，只需预订一趟行程，亲自来看看它就好。空格后book“预订”是动词，需要副词来修饰，形容词simple的副词形式是simply，在句中作状语。 (11) The ___________ (travel) posted photos on her Wechat to share her journey with friends. 【答案】traveller 【详解】句意：这位旅行者在微信上发布了照片，与朋友们分享她的旅程。根据空格前“The”和“posted”可知，空格处需填写表示人的名词，在句子中作主语，travel的词形转换且表示人的单词为traveller。 (12) We can enjoy the ________ (nature) beauty in the mountains. 【答案】natural 【详解】句意：我们可以欣赏山里的自然美景。句中“beauty”是名词，前面需要用形容词修饰，nature意为“自然”，是名词，形容词为natural，意为“自然的”。 (13) You should be able ________ (play) the piano for this performance. 【答案】to play 【详解】句意：为了这次表演，你应该要会弹钢琴。 “be able to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“能够做某事”，所以“play”需用不定式形式“to play”。故填to play。 (14) She was determined ________ (train) every day for the big climb next month. 【答案】to train 【详解】句意：她下定决心要每天训练，为下个月的大型攀登活动做准备。根据“was determined”可知，此处使用动词不定式作宾语，be determined to do sth.“下定决心做某事”。 (15) The teacher doesn’t allow students ________ (eat) in the classroom. 【答案】to eat 【详解】句意：老师不允许学生在教室里吃东西。由“allow sb. to do sth.”可知，空处使用不定式。 (16) The brave young man took the risk of his life _________ (save) the child from fire. 【答案】to save 【详解】句意：那个勇敢的年轻人冒着生命危险把孩子从火中救了出来。空格处所给参考单词为save。根据句子结构，在已有谓语took的情况下，空格处应填入不定式结构，在句中作目的状语，故答案为to save。 (17) The village is ________ (locate) at the foot of the mountain. 【答案】located 【详解】句意：这个村庄位于山脚下。locate“位于”动词，此处使用固定搭配be located at表示“位于……”，需用过去分词located。故填located。 (18) The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is one of the ________ (great) bridges in the world. 【答案】greatest 【详解】句意：港珠澳大桥是世界上最伟大的桥梁之一。one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数，意思是“……中最……之一”，因此需要填形容词great的最高级形式greatest。 (19) Jack loves to learn different ________ of traditional skills.(type) 【答案】types 【详解】句意：杰克喜欢学习不同种类的传统技能。根据“different”可知此处用复数形式，type“种类”，其复数形式为types。故填types。 (20) The ________ (measure) of this room are 5 meters in length, 4 meters in width and 3 meters in height. 【答案】measurements 【详解】句意：这个房间的尺寸是长5米、宽4米、高3米。句中谓语动词是“are”，说明主语要用复数形式，measure的名词复数是measurements，故填measurements。 3. 单项填空 (1) Beijing, the capital city of China, is in the ________ part of our country. A．north B．south C．northern D．southern 【答案】C 【详解】句意：北京，中国的首都，在我国的北部。 考查常识及形容词的用法。north北方，名词；south南方，名词；northern北方的，形容词；southern南方的，形容词。根据常识可知，北京在中国的北部，排除B、D项；空后的“part”是名词，其前需用形容词来修饰，作定语，故用northern。故选C。 (2) —Dad, I got a job as a bus driver. —Congratulations. Make yourself ________ or the company will fire (解雇) you. A．changeable B．fashionable C．valuable D．possible 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——爸爸，我找到了一份巴士司机的工作。——祝贺你。让自己有价值，否则公司会解雇你。 考查形容词辨析。changeable易变的；fashionable时尚的；valuable有价值的；possible可能的。根据“or the company will fire (解雇) you.”可知，公司解雇员工通常是因为员工缺乏价值，此处应该说让给自己有价值。故选C。 (3) Even in winter, the temperature in Guangzhou is always ________ zero, so people never feel cold all year round. A．above B．below C．over D．under 【答案】A 【详解】句意：即使在冬天，广州的温度也总是在零度以上，人们一年到头从不觉得冷。 考查介词辨析。above在……之上；below在……之下；over在……正上方/超过；under 在……正下方。根据“so people never feel cold all year round”可知，广州冬天不冷，因此温度应高于零度。表示温度高于某个数值时，常用above。故选A。 (4) He might risk ________ his job if he doesn’t work harder. His boss has already warned him several times about his performance. A．lose B．losing C．to lose D．lost 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果他不努力工作，他可能会冒着失去工作的风险。他的老板已经就他的表现警告过他好几次了。 固定搭配risk doing sth.意为“冒险做某事”，risk后接动名词形式作宾语。 (5) —Is it easy to use AI painters to create pictures? —Yes, it is. ________ type in what you want and the picture will come out. A．Widely B．Simply C．Properly D．Recently 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——使用人工智能绘画工具来创作图片容易吗？——是的，很容易。只需输入你想要的，图片就会出来。 Widely广泛地；Simply仅仅；Properly适当地；Recently最近。“Yes, it is.”以及“type in what you want and the picture will come out”强调使用人工智能绘画工具创作图片很简单，只需要输入想要的，图片就会呈现出来，“Simply”符合语境。 (6) The rescue team found a little girl who was still ________ under a building three days after the earthquake. They wondered how she was able to ________ the big earthquake. A．alive; survive B．living; survive C．alive; survive on D．living; survive in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：救援队在地震三天后，发现一名小女孩仍在一栋建筑下活着。他们想知道她是如何在这场大地震中幸存下来的。 考查动词和形容词辨析。alive活着的；living活的；survive生存；survive on靠……活下来。根据“The rescue team found a little girl who was still…”可知，此处说的是小女孩仍然活着，用alive；“survive”是及物动词，直接接宾语，第二个空填survive。故选A。 (7) The problem is ________ difficult that ________ students can solve it. A．so; a few B．such; little C．so; few D．so; a little 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个问题如此困难，以至于几乎没有学生能解决它。 考查固定搭配和代词辨析。so如此；such如此。few几乎没有/很少，修饰可数名词；a few一些，修饰可数名词；little几乎没有/很少，修饰不可数名词；a little一点，修饰不可数名词。第一空，因“difficult”是形容词，应用“so...that...”结构（such用于修饰名词）；第二空，“students”为可数名词复数，且句意表示“几乎没有学生能解决”，需用表示否定含义的“few”。故选C。 (8) —You won’t be successful ________ you work hard. —I agree. That’s ________ everyone is making an effort to realize their dreams. A．until; why B．unless; because C．unless; why D．until; when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你不会成功的，除非你努力工作。——我同意。这就是为什么大家都在努力实现自己的梦想。 考查连词。until直到；unless除非；why 为什么；because因为；when何时。第一空用unless，引导条件状语从句，意思相当于if not，符合两个分句间的逻辑。根据“You won’t be successful...you work hard.”可知，只有努力才会获得成功，这是大家努力实现梦想的原因，所以第二空用why引导表语从句。故选C。 (9) He didn’t learn to play the guitar overnight; he improved ________ through months of practice. A．hand in hand B．side by side C．bit by bit D．one by one 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他不是一夜之间学会弹吉他的；他是通过数月的练习一点一点地提高的。 hand in hand手拉手；side by side肩并肩地；bit by bit一点一点地；one by one一个接一个地。根据“He didn’t learn to play the guitar overnight”以及“through months of practice”可知是通过数月的练习一点一点提高的，应填bit by bit。 (10) — ________ will the school sports meeting start? — In twenty minutes. A．How long B．How far C．How soon D．How often 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——学校运动会多久以后开始？——二十分钟后。 How long多长时间；How far多远；How soon多久以后；How often多久一次。根据答语“In twenty minutes.”可知，此处是对将来的一段时间提问，应用How soon。 4. 选词填空 A 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空（有多余项） curious    curiosity determine   simple   degree shoulders 1．He achieved his dream because he stood on the of his teachers and parents. 2．Her about the cave’s history made her read many books about it. 3．To some , it’s difficult to learn a foreign language well. 4．Although the weather was bad, she to finish the cave exploration. 5．The guide explained the problem so that everyone could understand it. 6．He has a strong about the world—he likes reading all kinds of books. 【答案】1．shoulders 2．curiosity 3．degree 4．determined 5．simply 6．curiosity 【解析】 1．句意：他实现了梦想，因为他站在老师和父母的肩膀上。根据“He achieved his dream because he stood on the...of his teachers and parents”以及备选词可知，此处表示站在老师和父母的肩膀上，shoulders“肩膀”，固定搭配stand on the shoulders of“站在……的肩膀上”。故填shoulders。 2．句意：她对洞穴历史的好奇心使她读了许多关于它的书。空前“Her”和空后“about the cave’s history”提示，此处是指对洞穴的好奇心，需要填一个名词，结合备选词，此处应填入curious的名词形式curiosity，意为“好奇心”。 3．句意：在某种程度上，学好一门外语是困难的。根据“To some..., it’s difficult to learn a foreign language well”以及备选词可知，此处表示“在某种程度上”，固定搭配to some degree“在某种程度上”，degree“程度”。故填degree。 4．句意：尽管天气不好，她还是决定完成洞穴探险。前半句中“was”提示，时态为一般过去时；空格后“to finish the cave exploration”，结合备选词，此处指决定完成洞穴探险，determine“决定”，动词，此处应用其过去式determined作谓语。 5．句意：导游把问题解释得如此简单，以至于每个人都能理解。分析句子，此处应填入一个副词修饰动词explained，此处是指解释得简单，结合备选词，simple“简单的”，形容词，此处应填入其副词形式simply，意为“简单地”。 6．句意：他对世界有强烈的好奇心——他喜欢读各种各样的书。根据“He has a strong...about the world—he likes reading all kinds of books”以及备选词可知，此处表示有强烈的好奇心，curiosity“好奇心”，作has的宾语。故填curiosity。 B 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。 distance / hard / was determined to / survive / measured / degree / ambition A group of campers got lost in the forest last month. The 1 to the village was only 3 kilometres, but the thick trees and heavy rain made it 2 to find the way. Their leader, a young man named Tom, 3 take everyone back safely. “We must work together to 4 ,” he said. He 5 the direction with a compass and led the way. After 4 hours, all the campers got back to the village safely. 【答案】1．distance 2．hard 3．was determined to 4．survive 5．measured 【导语】本文主要讲述了一群露营者上个月在森林里迷路，尽管到村庄的距离不远，但茂密的树木和大雨让找路变得困难，他们的领队汤姆决心带领大家安全返回，最终他们成功回到了村庄。 1．句意：到村庄的距离只有3公里。根据“was only 3 kilometres”可知，此处指的是到村庄的距离，distance“距离”，符合语境。故填distance。 2．句意：但是茂密的树木和大雨使找到路变得困难。根据“the thick trees and heavy rain made it … to find the way”可知，此处表达的是茂密的树木和大雨使找到路变得困难，hard“困难的”，符合语境。故填hard。 3．句意：他们的领队，一个名叫汤姆的年轻人，决心把每个人都安全地带回来。根据“take everyone back safely”可知，此处表达的是领队汤姆决心把每个人都安全地带回来，be determined to do sth“决心做某事”，符合语境，且根据语境可知，句子时态为一般过去时，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was determined to。 4．句意：“我们必须一起努力才能生存下来，”他说。根据“We must work together to…”可知，此处表达的是露营者们必须一起努力才能生存下来，survive“生存”，符合语境，且空格前有不定式符号to，所以此处用动词原形。故填survive。 5．句意：他用指南针测量了方向，并带路。根据“the direction with a compass”可知，此处表达的是用指南针测量方向，measure“测量”，符合语境，且根据语境可知，句子时态为一般过去时，所以此处用动词的过去式。故填measured。 C 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 nature  we  see  through  wonder  clear  actual  include  shock  experience One summer, my family went on a journey and 1 some of the most surprising sights in America. Our favourite place was Niagara Falls. It 2 three different waterfalls: Horse-shoe Falls, Bridal Veil Falls and American Falls. They go into the Niagara River and form a 3 border (边界) between the United States and Canada. There are several different ways to see the powerful waters: on foot, by boat or by air. The first night, we walked 4 Niagara Forest to American Falls. We could hear the loud sound of the water 5 before we reached the falls. During our following tour, the falling water 6 us when we were standing just six metres away from Bridal Veil Falls. It was a perfect place to 7 the power of the falls— and to get 8 very wet! 9 , we haven’t travelled for two years. Now I’m looking forward to having a wonderful trip. There is so much to see in the world. I’m sure we will visit great 10 like Niagara Falls. 【答案】 1．saw 2．includes 3．natural 4．through 5．clearly 6．shocked 7．experience 8．ourselves 9．Actually 10．wonders 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者一家人在夏季前往美国尼亚加拉大瀑布旅游的经历，描述了瀑布的壮观景象以及带给作者的震撼感受。 1．句意：有一年夏天，我的家人去旅行，看到了美国一些最令人惊讶的景象。“journey and…”考查谓语动词并列，由“went”可知需用一般过去时。“see”意为“看到”，其过去式为saw。 2．句意：它包括三个不同的瀑布：马蹄瀑布、新娘面纱瀑布和美国瀑布。此处描述大瀑布的构成，主语“It”为单数。根据后文“They go…and form…”可知作者在描述事实，应用一般现在时。“include”意为“包含”，其三单形式为includes。 3．句意：它们汇入尼亚加拉河，形成了美国和加拿大之间的自然边界。“form a…border”中需用形容词修饰名词。根据语境，边界是自然形成的，“nature”意为“自然”，其形容词形式为natural“自然的”。 4．句意：第一天晚上，我们穿过尼亚加拉森林来到美国瀑布。“walked…Niagara Forest”考查介词。“through”意为“穿过”，表示从空间内部穿过森林，符合语境。 5．句意：在到达瀑布之前，我们就能清楚地听到水流的巨大声响。“hear the loud sound…”中需用副词修饰动词hear。“clear”意为“清晰的”，其副词形式为clearly“清晰地”。 6．句意：在接下来的游览中，当我们站在离新娘面纱瀑布只有六米远的地方时，落下的水让我们感到震惊。“the falling water…us”在句中作谓语，结合“when we were standing”这一过去时间背景可知，应用一般过去时。“shock”意为“使震惊”，其过去式为shocked。 7．句意：这是一个体验瀑布力量的绝佳地点——而且会把我们自己弄得浑身湿透！“a perfect place to…”中to为不定式符号，后接动词原形。“experience”意为“体验”，符合语境。 8．句意：这是一个体验瀑布力量的绝佳地点——而且会把我们自己弄得浑身湿透！“to get…very wet”中需用代词作宾语。根据主语we及固定表达get oneself wet可知，“we”的反身代词形式为ourselves“我们自己”。 9．句意：实际上，我们已经两年没旅行了。“…, we haven’t travelled…”中需填入副词修饰整个句子。“actual”意为“实际的”，其副词形式为Actually“实际上”，首字母需大写。 10．句意：我确信我们会参观像尼亚加拉瀑布这样的伟大奇观。“visit great…”中需填入名词作宾语，其后有like引出的例子，需用复数形式。“wonder”意为“奇观”，其复数形式为wonders。 5. 翻译句子 1．这座山高得连鸟儿都飞不过去。 【答案】The mountain is so high that even birds can’t fly over it. 2．队员们下定决心赢得排球比赛。 【答案】The players are determined to win the volleyball match. 3．这个湿地公园是观察候鸟的最佳地点之一。 【答案】This wetland park is one of the best places to watch migratory birds. 4．如果你每天锻炼一点点，你会变得更强壮。 【答案】If you exercise bit by bit every day, you will become stronger. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $