热点话题02 阿尔忒弥斯二号宇航员成功溅落——宇宙探索（语法填空专练）英语高考复习通用版

热点话题02阿尔忒弥斯二号宇航员成功溅落——宇宙探索 目录 时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创语法填空 【原创·语法填空】 【课标词汇积累】 【课标词汇训练】 【参考译文】 好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练 【阅读理解】 【阅读7选5】 【完形填空】 【语法填空】 时文精读 读 【话题·导语】 Artemis II astronauts have splashed down on Earth阿尔忒弥斯二号航天员已成功溅落地球 【原文·时文阅读】 文章来源：https://www.npr.org/2026/04/10/nx-s1-5781327/nasa-artemis-ii-return-earth-splashdown-moon After a nearly 10-day journey that took the Artemis II astronauts around the moon, in front of an eclipse and farther away from Earth than any humans before them, the crew of four have made a dramatic return home. NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover and Christina Koch and Canadian Space Agency astronaut Jeremy Hansen were ensconced in the Orion space capsule when they dropped into the Pacific Ocean off the coast of San Diego at 8:07 p.m. Friday. The USS John P. Murtha is stationed near the splashdown zone to help recover the crew. To get back to Earth, the space capsule had to withstand predicted temperatures of about 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit and slow down from nearly 25,000 miles per hour — or more than 30 times the speed of sound — to a gentle 19 mph or so before splashdown.  The roughly 13-minute journey from the top of the atmosphere to the surface is like "riding a fireball through the atmosphere," NASA astronaut and Artemis II crew member Victor Glover said before the maneuver.  But, he said, it's also a necessary one.  "We have to get back," Glover said. "There's so much data that you have seen already, but all the good stuff is coming back with us."  The crew of four, who looped around the far side of the moon on Monday April 6, took photos and made observations as they passed over the lunar surface. The crew is set to bring that data and more back to the team on the ground. 【原创·语法填空】(255words) After a nearly 10-day journey that took the Artemis II astronauts around the moon, in front of an eclipse and farther away from Earth than any humans before them, the crew of four have made a 1._______（drama）return home. NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover and Christina Koch and Canadian Space Agency astronaut Jeremy Hansen were ensconced in the Orion space capsule when they dropped into the Pacific Ocean 2._______ the coast of San Diego at 8:07 p.m. Friday. The USS John P. Murtha is stationed near the splashdown zone 3._______（help）recover the crew. To get back to Earth, the space capsule had to withstand 4._______（predict） temperatures of about 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit 5._______ slow down from nearly 25,000 miles per hour — or more than 30 times the speed of sound — to a gentle 19 mph or so before splashdown.  The 6._______（rough）13-minute journey from the top of the atmosphere to the surface is like "riding a fireball through the atmosphere," NASA astronaut and Artemis II crew member Victor Glover said before the maneuver.  But, he said, it's also 7._______ necessary one.  "We have to get back," Glover said. "There's so much data that you 8._______（see）already, but all the good stuff is coming back with us."  The crew of four, 9._______ looped around the far side of the moon on Monday April 6, took 10._______（photo） and made observations as they passed over the lunar surface. The crew is set to bring that data and more back to the team on the ground. 【答案】1.dramatic 2.off 3.to help 4.predicted 5.and 6.roughly 7.a 8.have seen 9.who 10.photos 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了阿尔忒弥斯二号航天员已成功溅落地球。 1.dramatic考查词形转换。如今，四人乘组已成功完成壮丽的返航任务。此处return是名词，修饰名词用形容词，故填dramatic。 2.off考查介词。成功进入位于圣地亚哥海岸外太平洋海域的猎户座太空舱。表示：离开一段距离的海域，用off。故填off。 3.to help考查不定式。为协助乘组人员回收，美国海军约翰·P·默萨号驱逐舰已部署在溅落区域附近待命。此处是不定式作目的状语。故填to help。 4.predicted考查过去分词。 太空舱需承受约5000华氏度（约2730摄氏度）的极端温度。此处是过去分词短语作定语，意为：预计的。故填predicted。 5.and考查并列连词。太空舱需承受约5000华氏度（约2730摄氏度）的极端温度，并从近25000英里/小时（超音速30倍以上）的高速减速至约19英里/小时（约30公里/小时），最终实现安全着陆。此处withstand和slow down并列。故填and。 6.roughly考查词形转换。 从大气层顶到地表这段约13分钟的旅程，就像‘乘坐火球穿越大气层。此处roughly意为：大约。故填roughly。 7.a考查冠词。但他表示，这也是必要的。A necessary one意为：这是必须的一段经历。故填a。 8.have seen考查动词时态。 根据时间状语already可知，此处用现在完成时。故填have seen。 9.who考查定语从句。4月6日星期一，四人航天员乘飞船环绕月球背面运行，在飞越月球表面时拍摄了照片并进行了观测。此处The crew of four是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，指人，故填who。 10.photos考查名词复数。四人航天员乘飞船环绕月球背面运行，在飞越月球表面时拍摄了照片并进行了观测。这里指：多张照片。故填photos。 【课标词汇积累】 1.eclipse n. 日食；月食；丧失，黯然失色 v. 遮住…的光；使黯然失色 During the school science fair, the brilliant project presentation by the class monitor temporarily eclipsed the other exhibits, drawing everyone's attention. 在学校科技节上，班长的精彩项目展示暂时使其他展品黯然失色，吸引了所有人的注意。 2.crew n. (飞机、轮船等上的)全体工作人员；技术团队；一组人；划船队；赛船运动 v. 当船员 As a member of the school broadcasting crew, he was responsible for editing the daily news segments that kept everyone informed about campus events. 作为学校广播站的一员，他负责编辑每日新闻片段，让所有人了解校园动态。 3.station n. 车站；局；电台；岗位；驻军 v. 派驻；把…安置到 The newly established tutoring station in the library provides after-class assistance for students struggling with math and physics. 图书馆新设立的辅导站为在数学和物理学习上遇到困难的学生提供课后帮助。 4.splashdown n. 溅落 Her innovative idea for the environmental project made a splashdown in the school's annual innovation contest, earning her the first prize. 她为环保项目提出的创新想法在学校的年度创新大赛中引起轰动，为她赢得了一等奖。 5.recover v. 康复；复原；重新获得；恢复 After failing the midterm exam, he developed a detailed study plan to recover his grades and successfully improved by the end of the semester. 在期中考试失利后，他制定了详细的学习计划来恢复成绩，并在学期末成功提升。 6.withstand v. 经受住；承受 She had to withstand tremendous pressure from multiple exams and extracurricular activities, but she managed her time effectively to succeed. 她必须承受来自多次考试和课外活动的巨大压力，但她通过有效管理时间取得了成功。 7.temperature n. 温度；体温；氛围 The temperature in the crowded school cafeteria during lunch break often rises, making the air conditioning system essential for comfort. 午休期间拥挤的学校食堂温度常常升高，使得空调系统对保持舒适至关重要。 8. atmosphere n. 大气层；空气；氛围，环境；魅力 The friendly and cooperative atmosphere in our study group encourages everyone to share ideas and solve problems together. 我们学习小组中友好合作的氛围鼓励每个人分享想法并共同解决问题。 9.loop n. 圈，环；回路；弯曲部分 v. （使）成环，（使）成圈 To memorize historical events, she created a mind map that put the key dates in a chronological loop, making revision easier. 为了记忆历史事件，她创建了一个思维导图，将关键日期按时间顺序循环排列，使复习更容易。 10. stuff n. 材料，原料，资料；填充物；素材资料 vt. 塞满；填塞；让吃饱 vi. 吃得过多 The school storage room contains old stuff like outdated computers and broken chairs, which are scheduled for recycling. 学校储藏室里存放着过时的电脑和坏掉的椅子等旧物品，这些物品计划进行回收处理。 【课标词汇训练】 根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。 1.Her outstanding performance in the final exams ____________ her previous modest grades, surprising both teachers and classmates. 她在期末考试中的出色表现超越了她以往普通的成绩，令老师和同学都感到惊讶。 2.The cleaning ____________ composed of our class volunteers worked diligently after school to ensure the campus remained spotless for the upcoming sports meet. 由我们班志愿者组成的清洁小队放学后辛勤工作，确保校园为即将到来的运动会保持一尘不染。 3.During the fire drill, each class quickly gathered at their designated assembly ____________ on the playground, demonstrating excellent discipline. 在消防演习中，每个班级迅速聚集到操场上指定的集合点，表现出极佳的纪律性。 4.The basketball team's triumphant ____________ in the championship pool after winning the inter-school tournament was met with cheers from the entire school. 篮球队在校际锦标赛获胜后，在冠军池中胜利溅落，迎来了全校的欢呼。 5.The school garden, damaged by a heavy storm, was carefully ____________ by the biology club, who replanted all the flowers and vegetables. 被暴雨破坏的学校花园在生物俱乐部的精心恢复下重新焕发生机，他们重新种植了所有花卉和蔬菜。 6.The sturdy new desks in the classroom can ____________ the daily wear and tear of energetic students, ensuring long-term use. 教室里坚固的新课桌能够承受精力旺盛的学生们的日常磨损，确保长期使用。 7.The chemistry teacher emphasized the importance of controlling the ____________ precisely during experiments to ensure accurate results. 化学老师强调在实验中精确控制温度以确保结果准确的重要性。 8.The school strives to create an ____________ of respect and inclusivity where every student feels valued and accepted. 学校努力营造一种尊重和包容的氛围，让每个学生都感到被重视和接纳。 9.The video tutorial on the school's online platform is stuck in a continuous ____________, repeating the same lesson until the teacher fixes it. 学校在线平台上的视频教程卡在连续循环中，不断重复同一课程，直到老师修复它。 10.Her school bag is always filled with all sorts of ____________, from textbooks and notebooks to art supplies and snacks. 她的书包总是塞满了各种各样的东西，从课本和笔记本到美术用品和零食。 Keys: 1.eclipsed 2.crew 3.station 4.splashdown 5.recovered 6.withstand 7.temperature 8.atmosphere 9.loop 10.stuff 【参考译文】 经过近10天的漫长旅程，阿耳忒弥斯二号飞船的宇航员们环绕月球飞行，目睹了日食奇观，且距离地球的距离远超以往任何人类宇航员。如今，四人乘组已成功完成壮丽的返航任务。 周五晚8时07分，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）宇航员里德·怀斯曼、维克多·格洛弗和克里斯蒂娜·科赫，以及加拿大航天局宇航员杰里米·汉森，成功进入位于圣地亚哥海岸外太平洋海域的猎户座太空舱。为协助乘组人员回收，美国海军约翰·P·默萨号驱逐舰已部署在溅落区域附近待命。 为重返地球，太空舱需承受约5000华氏度（约2730摄氏度）的极端温度，并从近25000英里/小时（超音速30倍以上）的高速减速至约19英里/小时（约30公里/小时），最终实现安全着陆。 NASA宇航员、阿尔忒弥斯二号任务组成员维克多·格洛弗在执行机动前表示，从大气层顶到地表这段约13分钟的旅程，就像‘乘坐火球穿越大气层’。但他表示，这也是必要的。 “我们必须重返赛场，”格洛弗表示，“虽然已有大量数据可供参考，但所有有价值的数据都将随我们一同回归。” 4月6日星期一，四人航天员乘飞船环绕月球背面运行，在飞越月球表面时拍摄了照片并进行了观测。该团队将把这些数据及其他相关信息传回地面。 好题精练 练 Passage1阅读理解 （2026·云南省昆明市五华区云南师范大学附属中学等学校高三模拟预测）Astronomers have just spotted one of the biggest spinning structures ever seen. A string of 14 galaxies spanning 5.5 million light-years is rotating (旋转) together, located inside a spinning chunk of the cosmic web (宇宙网). Such a consistent direction of spin is unexpected and could complicate major upcoming surveys. Scientists found the structure in data from the MeerKAT radio telescope. Later, they saw that members on one end of the string were moving toward us, while those on the other end were moving away. They also found that outside its central line, the main part races around at some 250,000 mph (400,000 km/h). The galaxies are full of neutral hydrogen, the raw material for star formation. Because hydrogen is easily disturbed, it acts like a sign, revealing the flow of gas and momentum (动量). That makes this structure a live demo of how galaxies grow, acquiring material and spinning up over time. What surprised the team is that most of the galaxies are also turning around their own center in the same direction as the whole structure is spinning. Astronomers generally think galaxies rotate randomly. But in this case, “We believe this is caused by the gravitational interaction between the galaxies and the structure,” says Madalina Tudorache, the leading researcher. More specifically, the structure is passing its spin on to the galaxies through “a transfer of angular momentum (角动量).” This provides important clues to how a galaxy’s environment affects its formation and evolution. Giant spinning structures such as this could throw a wrench into current and future cosmological surveys. Present projects study the universe by exploiting the fact that light from cosmic objects is bent to Earth by the gravity of matter it passes, which can make galaxies appear to be lined up. But if galaxies are actually lined up, it could produce a false signal, making our maps incorrect. “This structure breaks our assumption that all galaxies are randomly oriented,” says Naomi Robertson, a research associate at the University of Edinburgh, adding that such observations help astronomers test data analysis methods and explore the cosmic web more fully by combining multiple datasets. 1．What do we know about the newly discovered structure? A．It is the largest spinning structure ever found. B．It consists of 14 galaxies moving in random directions. C．Its galaxies spin in the opposite direction of the structure. D．Its galaxies contain neutral hydrogen uncovering gas flow. 2．What can be learned from Tudorache’s words about the discovery? A．It happens by chance and has little scientific significance. B．It results from the structure transferring its spin to the galaxies. C．It proves that galaxies always spin in the same direction. D．It challenges all existing theories about galaxy formation. 3．What does the underlined phrase “throw a wrench into” in the last paragraph mean? A．Completely destroy. B．Cause problems for. C．Slightly enhance. D．Provide support for. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．How do Galaxies Get Their Spin? B．Will Lined-up Galaxies Ruin Space Surveys? C．Giant Spinning Galaxies Found in Cosmic Web D．Studying Galaxies Through the Cosmic Web 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家在宇宙网中发现了一个由14个星系组成的巨大旋转结构，其成员星系与整体结构同向旋转，这一发现挑战了传统认知，并为星系演化研究提供了新线索。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The galaxies are full of neutral hydrogen, the raw material for star formation. Because hydrogen is easily disturbed, it acts like a sign, revealing the flow of gas and momentum (动量). That makes this structure a live demo of how galaxies grow, acquiring material and spinning up over time.(这些星系中充满了中性氢，这是恒星形成的原始物质。由于氢极易受到干扰，它就像一个信号，揭示了气体的流动和动量情况。这使得这种结构成为星系如何成长的生动演示，即它们会吸收物质并随着时间的推移而加速旋转)”可知，这个新发现的结构星系中存在未结合的氢元素，这些氢元素形成了气体流。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“More specifically, the structure is passing its spin on to the galaxies through “a transfer of angular momentum (角动量).”(更具体地说，这种结构通过“角动量的转移”将自身的旋转运动传递给了星系)”可知，这一发现是由于星系结构将自身的旋转传递给了星系。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Present projects study the universe by exploiting the fact that light from cosmic objects is bent to Earth by the gravity of matter it passes, which can make galaxies appear to be lined up. But if galaxies are actually lined up, it could produce a false signal, making our maps incorrect.(当前的项目通过利用这样一个事实来研究宇宙：来自宇宙天体的光线在经过物质时会因物质的引力而发生弯曲，从而能够使星系看起来排列整齐。但如果星系实际上是排列整齐的，这可能会产生错误的信号，导致我们的地图出现偏差)”可知，这种结构可能使星系看起来排列成行，干扰观测数据，产生错误信号，因此是“给调查带来问题”。“throw a wrench into”是习语，意为“造成阻碍、带来麻烦”。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Astronomers have just spotted one of the biggest spinning structures ever seen. A string of 14 galaxies spanning 5.5 million light-years is rotating (旋转) together, located inside a spinning chunk of the cosmic web (宇宙网). Such a consistent direction of spin is unexpected and could complicate major upcoming surveys.(天文学家刚刚发现了迄今为止所观测到的最大规模旋转结构之一。由14个星系组成的星系链绵延550万光年，它们共同旋转着，位于一个旋转的宇宙网块内部。这种一致的旋转方向出乎意料，可能会给即将进行的重大观测带来复杂性)”结合文章主要说明了科学家在宇宙网中发现了一个由14个星系组成的巨大旋转结构，其成员星系与整体结构同向旋转，这一发现挑战了传统认知，并为星系演化研究提供了新线索。可知，C选项“在宇宙网中发现巨大旋转星系”最符合文章标题。故选C。 Passage2阅读理解 （2026·贵州六盘水市下学期一模高三英语素养卷）Our solar system orbits the Milky Way galaxy’s center once about every 210 million years, traveling along at around 240 kilometers per second — an astonishing rate we don’t feel because the entire system moves at the same constant speed. But a new study suggests our solar system is a laggard in the universe compared with one system in our galaxy that was somehow accelerated to a speed of 541 kilometers a second, making it the swiftest planetary system ever found. “This speed was extremely high and kind of shocking,” says astrophysicist Terry. It introduces a series of questions about the survivability of these types of systems. This galactic speed “monster” appears to center on a red dwarf star (红矮星) which is smaller and less bright than our sun. It’s about 24,500 light years from Earth and some 1,500 light years away from our galaxy’s center. Astronomers discovered the star and a suspected accompanying planet after a 2011 “microlensing” event called MOA-2011-BLG-262, when the system passed in front of a background star and bent the latter’s light. Terry and his colleagues observed the system again in 2021. They found that its known planet is most likely a gas giant with about 29 times Earth’s mass that orbits its star at a distance between those at which Venus and Earth orbit our sun. The researchers also mapped the system’s position in the 2021 data relative to where it was about a decade prior, revealing how fast it traveled. It might be a hyper-speed star system, an example of a rare class of astronomical objects that have been sped up by past encounters with other stars’ gravity — or even by a gravitational slingshot (弹弓) from the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy. These objects travel faster than 500 kilometers a second, and the speediest known one travels at over 2,000 kilometers a second. “It’s an extraordinary category of stars,” Terry says, estimating that the system in this study more than doubled its speed after its own dramatic encounter. “No previous hyper-speed stars have been found with planets. This might open up a new study of the origin and evolution of planets around very high-speed stars,” he adds. 5．What does the underlined word “laggard” in the first paragraph refer to? A．Something moving slowly. B．Something becoming famous. C．Something traveling endlessly. D．Something looking incomparable. 6．What can we learn about the “monster” from paragraph 2? A．Its star is much brighter than our sun. B．Its planet’s mass is identical to Venus’s. C．It’s a system discovered through its own light. D．It’s closer to the galactic center than Earth. 7．What does Terry think of the discovery? A．It is accidental. B．It is common. C．It is pioneering. D．It is strange. 8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．The Milky Way Galaxy’s Center B．The Solar System’s Bright Stars C．The Fastest Astronomical Objects D．The Planetary System Speed Record 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．C 8．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了天文学家发现了银河系中速度最快的行星系统，该系统的运行速度远超太阳系，引发了关于此类系统生存性、行星起源与演化的一系列新研究。 5．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Our solar system orbits the Milky Way galaxy’s center once about every 210 million years, traveling along at around 240 kilometers per second — an astonishing rate we don’t feel because the entire system moves at the same constant speed. But a new study suggests our solar system is a laggard in the universe compared with one system in our galaxy that was somehow accelerated to a speed of 541 kilometers a second, making it the swiftest planetary system ever found.(太阳系绕银河系中心运行一周约需2.1亿年，运行速度约为每秒240公里——这一惊人速度我们无法感知，因为整个系统以相同的恒定速度运动。但一项新研究表明，与银河系中一个被加速到每秒541公里的行星系统相比，我们的太阳系是宇宙中的laggard，该系统是迄今为止发现的速度最快的行星系统。)”可知，太阳系速度约240公里/秒，新发现系统速度达541公里/秒，二者对比能看出“laggard”表示“移动缓慢的事物”。故选A。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段“It’s about 24,500 light years from Earth and some 1,500 light years away from our galaxy’s center.(它距离地球约24500光年，距离银河系中心约1500光年。)”结合地球距离银河系中心约26000光年的常识，可知该系统比地球更靠近银河系中心。故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段““No previous hyper-speed stars have been found with planets. This might open up a new study of the origin and evolution of planets around very high-speed stars,” he adds.(“此前从未发现过带有行星的超高速恒星。这可能会开启对超高速恒星周围行星起源与演化的新研究。”他补充道。)”可知，Terry认为该发现是首次发现带有行星的超高速恒星系统，能开辟新的研究方向，属于开创性的发现。故选C。 8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But a new study suggests our solar system is a laggard in the universe compared with one system in our galaxy that was somehow accelerated to a speed of 541 kilometers a second, making it the swiftest planetary system ever found.(但一项新研究表明，与银河系中一个被加速到每秒541公里的行星系统相比，我们的太阳系是宇宙中的移动缓慢的事物，该系统是迄今为止发现的速度最快的行星系统。)”以及全文围绕该速度最快的行星系统展开介绍其特征、发现过程、研究意义等内容，可知本文核心是介绍这一打破速度纪录的行星系统，D选项“The Planetary System Speed Record(行星系统速度纪录)”最能概括全文主旨。故选D。 Passage 3 阅读七选五 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China published the world’s first high-definition lunar geologic atlas on April 21. This is the first major update of this fundamental lunar data since NASA’s Apollo Program in the 1960s and early 1970s. According to the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the lunar geologic maps are available in both Chinese and English. 1 “Current moon research still depends on the atlas developed during the Apollo era. However, those maps can no longer meet future needs as studies advance,” the CAS said. The new maps of the moon are provided on a 1:2.5 million scale. 2 On the main map, 14 types of structures and 17 types of rocks can be seen on the moon. A total of 12,341 impact craters and 81 impact basins are also labeled. The atlas has been uploaded to the digital lunar cloud platform built by Chinese scientists, according to the CAS. It will help in landing site selection, resource exploration and path planning for China’s future efforts to explore the moon. 3 “The lunar geologic atlas will also play a role in selecting a site for a planned lunar station,” said leading researcher Ouyang Ziyuan. He is considered the “founding father” of China’s lunar program. “It can also help us better understand the Earth and other planets in the solar system, such as Mars,” he added. Ouyang started the lunar mapping project in 2012, along with fellow geologist Liu Jianzhong. The research team also includes scientists from several research institutions (机构)and universities in China. 4 Since 2014, the country has sent a series of orbiters (轨道飞行器), landers (着陆器)and rovers (月球车)to the moon. In addition, the scientists referenced previous data and research from outside China. Liu stressed that the atlas is an “exemplary” achievement in the field of lunar science. “This represents China's contribution to the study of the origin and evolution of the moon,” he said. “ 5 ” A．The work is mainly built on data from China’s Chang’e program. B．Every question in geology starts with looking at a geological map. C．Apart from such scientific purposes, it will also serve as a tool for science education. D．Compared with the previous versions on a scale of 1:5 million, they offer more details. E．They will provide up-to-date scientific references for future lunar research and exploration. F．It provides useful information for setting scientific goals and carrying out the lunar exploration projects. G．He says the atlas provides insight into the moon's history, its resource distribution and possible future exploration. 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．F 【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国发布的关于月球表面的新地图集，包括其基于的数据来源、相较于以往地图集的改进之处、对中国及国际月球研究和探索的意义。 1．根据上文“According to the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the lunar geologic maps are available in both Chinese and English.(据中国科学院（CAS）称，这份月球地质图有中英文两个版本)”推知，下文应围绕两个版本进行说明。E项“它们将为未来的月球研究与探测提供最新的科学参考。”符合语境，对两个版本的作用进行介绍。故选E。 2．根据上文“The new maps of the moon are provided on a 1:2.5 million scale.(这份新的月球地图比例尺为 1:250 万)”推知，下文应就比例尺展开介绍。D项“与此前1:500万比例尺的版本相比，它们提供了更多细节。”符合题意，介绍了新的比例尺的好处。故选D。 3．上文“The atlas has been uploaded to the digital lunar cloud platform built by Chinese scientists, according to the CAS. It will help in landing site selection, resource exploration and path planning for China’s future efforts to explore the moon. (中国科学院表示，该图集已上传至中国科学家搭建的数字月球云平台。这将为中国未来的月球探测工作在着陆点选择、资源勘探及路径规划方面提供助力)”提到该图集将服务于着陆区选址、月球资源勘查和路径规划，这些都属于某种用途。C项“除了这些科学用途外，它还将充当科学教育的工具”符合题意，补充说明了其他用途。故选C。 4．下文“Since 2014, the country has sent a series of orbiters (轨道飞行器), landers (着陆器)and rovers (月球车)to the moon. In addition, the scientists referenced previous data and research from outside China.(自 2014 年以来，中国已向月球发射了一系列轨道飞行器、着陆器和月球车。此外，科学家们还参考了中国之外的既往数据和研究成果)”提到了参与编图的科学家们还参考了国外已有的数据和研究，由此推知空处内容应与数据有关。A项“这项工作主要以中国嫦娥工程的数据为基础。”符合题意。故选A。 5．根据上段“Liu stressed that the atlas is an “exemplary” achievement in the field of lunar science.(刘强调，该图集是月球科学领域一项“具有典范意义”的成果)”和空处上文““This represents China’s contribution to the study of the origin and evolution of the moon,” he said. (他说：“这体现了中国在月球起源与演化研究方面作出的贡献。”)”可知，刘提到了图集，由此推知空处内容与图集的价值有关。F项“它为设定科学目标和开展月球探测项目提供了有用的信息。”符合语境，it指代上段the atlas。故选F。 Passage 4 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 （2026·重庆市沙坪坝区重庆市第八中学校2入学考试） Six years as a space reporter taught me that chaos rules everything. Nothing is completely predictable or controlled. I have watched enough go wrong to know that no view of a celestial (天空的) event is ever truly promised to us 1 on the Earth. So when my mother and I decided to drive out to Erie, Pennsylvania, to see the April 8 total solar eclipse (日全食) this year, I knew this would be a trip of two 2 attitudes. I’d be 3 about the weather and convinced we’d be victims of the randomness that governs the world while my mom would have strong faith that order would 4 and the skies would let us glimpse an eclipse like this for the first time in our lives. I told her not to 5 the universe for this one; she told me she wouldn’t depend on anything else. I was once again humbled into a 6 I’ve learned time and time again — Mama knows best. Erie’s forecast that morning was looking 7 , but by the time first contact between the sun and the moon began a little after 2 p.m., the clouds over the city’s bay began to clear. The pale yellow sun under the eclipse lenses rapidly crested (达到顶峰), concentrating into a 8 orange glow. The eclipse 9 at 3:16 p.m. A thin white glow pierced out from the edge of a clean black circle. The sunset-like 10 glowed and bloomed in the distance. I could spot solar prominences (日珥) sticking out from the sides of the 11 in slightly bright red and pink. Jupiter and Venus also played roles in this performance. It felt like bearing 12 to something close to a miracle. Four minutes later, the eclipse 13 . The sun brightened again. And the clouds 14 violently, swallowing up the moon and the sun and the sky in gray. But for four incredible minutes, the universe seems to have 15 a promise to my mother. 1．A．analysts B．investigators C．astronauts D．observers 2．A． consistent B．amusing C．conflicting D．agreeable 3．A．pessimistic B．confused C．optimistic D．curious 4．A．lose B．delay C．fail D．win 5．A．feed on B．take on C．settle on D．count on 6．A．plan B．lesson C．practice D．skill 7．A．usual B．terrible C．average D．beautiful 8．A．dull B．faint C．weak D．fierce 9．A．disappeared B．struck C．died D．exploded 10．A．colors B．shapes C．circuits D．scenes 11．A．sky B．sun C．moon D．star 12．A．witness B．tolerance C．relation D．reference 13．A．continued B．progressed C．ended D．ticked 14．A．returned B．quit C．left D．faded 15．A．lost focus on B．lived up to C．took account of D．kept track of 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．D 6．B 7．B 8．D 9．B 10．A 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和母亲去看日全食，经历天气变化最终见证奇迹的故事。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经看够了出问题的情况，知道对于地球上的观察者来说，没有哪次天象观测是真正有保证的。A. analysts分析者；B. investigators调查员；C. astronauts宇航员；D. observers观察者。根据前文“I have watched enough go wrong to know that no view of a celestial (天空的) event is ever truly promised to us”可知，这里说的是观测天象的人，即观察者，故选D。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以当我和妈妈决定开车去宾夕法尼亚州的伊利看今年4月8日的日全食时，我知道这将是一次两种冲突态度的旅行。A. consistent一致的；B. amusing有趣的；C. conflicting冲突的；D. agreeable令人愉快的。根据后文“I’d be ____ about the weather and convinced we’d be victims of the randomness that governs the world while my mom would have strong faith that order would ____ and the skies would let us glimpse an eclipse like this for the first time in our lives.”可知，作者和母亲态度不同，有冲突，故选C。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我会对天气感到悲观，并确信我们会成为统治世界的随机性的受害者，而我妈妈会坚信秩序会获胜，天空会让我们第一次瞥见这样的日食。A. pessimistic悲观的；B. confused困惑的；C. optimistic乐观的；D. curious好奇的。根据后文“convinced we’d be victims of the randomness that governs the world”可知，作者态度悲观，故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. lose失去；B. delay延迟；C. fail失败；D. win获胜。根据后文“the skies would let us glimpse an eclipse like this for the first time in our lives”可知，母亲坚信秩序会获胜，预报的日全食会如约而来，故选D。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我告诉她不要指望宇宙会实现这个愿望；她告诉我她不会依赖其他任何东西。A. feed on以……为食；B. take on承担；C. settle on选定；D. count on指望。根据后文“she told me she wouldn’t depend on anything else.”可知，作者让母亲不要指望宇宙，depend on与 count on为近义词，故选D。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我又一次谦卑地接受了一个我一次又一次学到的教训——妈妈总是对的。A. plan计划；B. lesson教训；C. practice练习；D. skill技能。根据后文“Mama knows best”可知，这是作者从中学到的道理，学到的教训，故选B。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天早上伊利的天气预报看起来很糟糕，但下午2点过后不久，当太阳和月亮第一次接触开始时，城市海湾上空的云层开始消散。A. usual通常的；B. terrible糟糕的；C. average平均的；D. beautiful美丽的。根据后文“but by the time first contact between the sun and the moon began a little after 2 p.m., the clouds over the city’s bay began to clear.”可知，转折后表示乌云开始消散，天气转晴，由此推断前面应该是当地气象局预报天气不好，故选B。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：日食镜片下的淡黄色太阳迅速达到顶峰，集中成强烈的橙色光芒。A. dull迟钝的；B. faint微弱的；C. weak虚弱的；D. fierce强烈的。根据前文“The pale yellow sun under the eclipse lenses rapidly crested (达到顶峰)”，太阳达到顶峰，光芒强烈，故选D。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：日食在下午3点16分发生。A. disappeared消失；B. struck打击，（疾病、灾难等）侵袭；C. died死亡；D. exploded爆炸。根据后文“A thin white glow pierced out from the edge of a clean black circle.”可知，日食发生，太阳出现变化，strike有“发生（某种情况）”之意，符合语境，故选B。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：像日落一样的颜色在远处发光并绽放。A. colors颜色；B. shapes形状；C. circuits电路；D. scenes场景。根据后文“I could spot solar prominences (日珥) sticking out from the sides of the ____ in slightly bright red and pink.”可知，这里说的是天空呈现的颜色，即像日落一样的颜色，故选A。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我可以看到从太阳两侧伸出的日珥，呈微亮的红色和粉色。A. sky天空；B. sun太阳；C. moon月亮；D. star星星。根据前文“I could spot solar prominences (日珥) sticking out from the sides”可知，日珥是从太阳两侧伸出的，故选B。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：感觉就像见证了接近奇迹的东西。A. witness见证；B. tolerance容忍；C. relation关系；D. reference参考。根据后文“something close to a miracle”可知，作者看到了日食的景象，感觉像见证了奇迹，故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：四分钟后，日食结束了。A. continued继续；B. progressed进展；C. ended结束；D. ticked滴答作响。根据后文“The sun brightened again.”可知，太阳再次变亮，日食结束了，故选C。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：云层剧烈地回来，把月亮、太阳和天空都吞没在灰色中。A. returned回来；B. quit退出；C. left离开；D. faded褪色。根据前文“but by the time first contact between the sun and the moon began a little after 2 p.m., the clouds over the city’s bay began to clear.”和后文“swallowing up the moon and the sun and the sky in gray”可知，日食现象发生前是有云的，只是突然散去，太阳月亮出现，并发生了日食，而此处日食结束，云层又回来了，遮蔽了天空。故选A。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但在令人难以置信的四分钟里，宇宙似乎兑现了对我母亲的承诺。A. lost focus on失去对……的关注；B. lived up to不辜负，兑现；C. took account of考虑到；D. kept track of记录。根据前文“while my mom would have strong faith that order would ____ and the skies would let us glimpse an eclipse like this for the first time in our lives.”和后文“a promise to my mother.”可知，前文提及母亲坚信天空会让他们看到日全食，结果真地目睹了日全食的全过程，即宇宙似乎兑现了让母亲看到日食的承诺，故选B。 Passage 5 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On February 11, 2026, China successfully 1 (carry) out a key flight test for its manned lunar exploration program at the Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan Province. During the test, the Long March-10 completed a low-altitude 2 (demonstrate) flight. When reaching the conditions at maximum dynamic pressure, the Mengzhou return capsule received the command from the rocket and successfully separated as 3 (plan). It was China’s first successful at-sea recovery of both a rocket stage and a crewed spacecraft capsule. The test marked the first flight of the Long March-10 in its prototype (原型) form. 4 called a “low-altitude test”, the first stage literally reached about 105 kilometers  — well above the Karman line (卡门线), the recognized boundary of space. That’s 5 same altitude it will reach in real lunar missions. The test proved that the rocket's first stage could fly and land as designed. It also showed that the spacecraft’s escape system worked 6 (reliable) under difficult flight conditions. In addition, the test demonstrated smooth cooperation among the rocket, spacecraft, ground control, 7 sea recovery system. This important success lays a solid technical foundation 8 the development of future flight models and 9 (bring) China closer to its goal of 10 (send) astronauts to the moon before 2030. 【答案】 1．carried 2．demonstration 3．planned 4．Although/Though 5．the 6．reliably 7．and 8．for 9．brings 10．sending 【解析】本文是一篇应用文。主要讲述了2026年2月11日，中国在海南省文昌航天发射场成功进行了载人月球探测计划的关键飞行试验，介绍了试验过程中的相关情况、试验的意义以及为未来飞行模型发展奠定的基础和离送宇航员登月目标的更近一步。 1．考查时态。句意：2026年2月11日，中国在海南省文昌航天发射场成功进行了载人月球探测计划的关键飞行试验。空处为句子谓语，根据时间状语“On February 11, 2026”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，“carry”的过去式是“carried”。故填carried。 2．考查名词。句意：在试验过程中，长征十号完成了低空演示飞行。此处修饰名词“flight”，应用名词“demonstration”，作定语，“demonstration flight”表示“演示飞行”。故填demonstration。 3．考查状语从句的省略。句意：当达到最大动压条件时，梦舟返回舱收到火箭指令，按计划成功分离。“as planned”是固定短语，表示“按计划”，其中“planned”是过去分词，相当于“as it was planned”。省略了 it was。故填planned。 4．考查状语从句。句意：尽管被称为“低空试验”，但第一级实际上达到了约105公里的高度——远高于被公认为太空边界的卡门线。根据语境可知，“called a 'low-altitude test'”和“the first stage literally reached about 105 kilometers”之间是让步关系，应用“although”或“though”引导让步状语从句，且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Although/Though。 5．考查冠词。句意：这与实际月球任务中它将达到的高度相同。“the same...as...”是固定短语，表示“与……相同的……”，所以此处应用定冠词“the”。故填the。 6．考查副词。句意：它还表明，在困难的飞行条件下，航天器的逃逸系统工作可靠。此处修饰动词“worked”，应用副词“reliably”，表示“可靠地”，作状语。故填reliably。 7．考查连词。句意：此外，试验还证明了火箭、航天器、地面控制和海上回收系统之间的顺利合作。“the rocket, spacecraft, ground control”和“sea recovery system”之间是并列关系，应用连词“and”连接。故填and。 8．考查介词。句意：这一重要成功为未来飞行模型的发展奠定了坚实的技术基础。“lay a foundation for...”是固定短语，表示“为……奠定基础”，所以此处应用介词“for”。故填for。 9．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这一重要成功为未来飞行模型的发展奠定了坚实的技术基础，并使中国离在2030年前将宇航员送上月球的目标更近一步。“lays”和空处作并列谓语，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语“This important success”是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填brings。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一重要成功为未来飞行模型的发展奠定了坚实的技术基础，并使中国离在2030年前将宇航员送上月球的目标更近一步。“of”是介词，后接动名词形式作宾语，“send”的动名词形式是“sending”。故填sending。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 热点话题02阿尔忒弥斯二号宇航员成功溅落——宇宙探索 目录 时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创语法填空 【原创·语法填空】 【课标词汇积累】 【课标词汇训练】 【参考译文】 好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练 【阅读理解】 【阅读7选5】 【完形填空】 【语法填空】 时文精读 读 【话题·导语】 Artemis II astronauts have splashed down on Earth阿尔忒弥斯二号航天员已成功溅落地球 【原文·时文阅读】 文章来源：https://www.npr.org/2026/04/10/nx-s1-5781327/nasa-artemis-ii-return-earth-splashdown-moon After a nearly 10-day journey that took the Artemis II astronauts around the moon, in front of an eclipse and farther away from Earth than any humans before them, the crew of four have made a dramatic return home. NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover and Christina Koch and Canadian Space Agency astronaut Jeremy Hansen were ensconced in the Orion space capsule when they dropped into the Pacific Ocean off the coast of San Diego at 8:07 p.m. Friday. The USS John P. Murtha is stationed near the splashdown zone to help recover the crew. To get back to Earth, the space capsule had to withstand predicted temperatures of about 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit and slow down from nearly 25,000 miles per hour — or more than 30 times the speed of sound — to a gentle 19 mph or so before splashdown.  The roughly 13-minute journey from the top of the atmosphere to the surface is like "riding a fireball through the atmosphere," NASA astronaut and Artemis II crew member Victor Glover said before the maneuver.  But, he said, it's also a necessary one.  "We have to get back," Glover said. "There's so much data that you have seen already, but all the good stuff is coming back with us."  The crew of four, who looped around the far side of the moon on Monday April 6, took photos and made observations as they passed over the lunar surface. The crew is set to bring that data and more back to the team on the ground. 【原创·语法填空】(255words) After a nearly 10-day journey that took the Artemis II astronauts around the moon, in front of an eclipse and farther away from Earth than any humans before them, the crew of four have made a 1._______（drama）return home. NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover and Christina Koch and Canadian Space Agency astronaut Jeremy Hansen were ensconced in the Orion space capsule when they dropped into the Pacific Ocean 2._______ the coast of San Diego at 8:07 p.m. Friday. The USS John P. Murtha is stationed near the splashdown zone 3._______（help）recover the crew. To get back to Earth, the space capsule had to withstand 4._______（predict） temperatures of about 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit 5._______ slow down from nearly 25,000 miles per hour — or more than 30 times the speed of sound — to a gentle 19 mph or so before splashdown.  The 6._______（rough）13-minute journey from the top of the atmosphere to the surface is like "riding a fireball through the atmosphere," NASA astronaut and Artemis II crew member Victor Glover said before the maneuver.  But, he said, it's also 7._______ necessary one.  "We have to get back," Glover said. "There's so much data that you 8._______（see）already, but all the good stuff is coming back with us."  The crew of four, 9._______ looped around the far side of the moon on Monday April 6, took 10._______（photo） and made observations as they passed over the lunar surface. The crew is set to bring that data and more back to the team on the ground. 【课标词汇积累】 1.eclipse n. 日食；月食；丧失，黯然失色 v. 遮住…的光；使黯然失色 During the school science fair, the brilliant project presentation by the class monitor temporarily eclipsed the other exhibits, drawing everyone's attention. 在学校科技节上，班长的精彩项目展示暂时使其他展品黯然失色，吸引了所有人的注意。 2.crew n. (飞机、轮船等上的)全体工作人员；技术团队；一组人；划船队；赛船运动 v. 当船员 As a member of the school broadcasting crew, he was responsible for editing the daily news segments that kept everyone informed about campus events. 作为学校广播站的一员，他负责编辑每日新闻片段，让所有人了解校园动态。 3.station n. 车站；局；电台；岗位；驻军 v. 派驻；把…安置到 The newly established tutoring station in the library provides after-class assistance for students struggling with math and physics. 图书馆新设立的辅导站为在数学和物理学习上遇到困难的学生提供课后帮助。 4.splashdown n. 溅落 Her innovative idea for the environmental project made a splashdown in the school's annual innovation contest, earning her the first prize. 她为环保项目提出的创新想法在学校的年度创新大赛中引起轰动，为她赢得了一等奖。 5.recover v. 康复；复原；重新获得；恢复 After failing the midterm exam, he developed a detailed study plan to recover his grades and successfully improved by the end of the semester. 在期中考试失利后，他制定了详细的学习计划来恢复成绩，并在学期末成功提升。 6.withstand v. 经受住；承受 She had to withstand tremendous pressure from multiple exams and extracurricular activities, but she managed her time effectively to succeed. 她必须承受来自多次考试和课外活动的巨大压力，但她通过有效管理时间取得了成功。 7.temperature n. 温度；体温；氛围 The temperature in the crowded school cafeteria during lunch break often rises, making the air conditioning system essential for comfort. 午休期间拥挤的学校食堂温度常常升高，使得空调系统对保持舒适至关重要。 8. atmosphere n. 大气层；空气；氛围，环境；魅力 The friendly and cooperative atmosphere in our study group encourages everyone to share ideas and solve problems together. 我们学习小组中友好合作的氛围鼓励每个人分享想法并共同解决问题。 9.loop n. 圈，环；回路；弯曲部分 v. （使）成环，（使）成圈 To memorize historical events, she created a mind map that put the key dates in a chronological loop, making revision easier. 为了记忆历史事件，她创建了一个思维导图，将关键日期按时间顺序循环排列，使复习更容易。 10. stuff n. 材料，原料，资料；填充物；素材资料 vt. 塞满；填塞；让吃饱 vi. 吃得过多 The school storage room contains old stuff like outdated computers and broken chairs, which are scheduled for recycling. 学校储藏室里存放着过时的电脑和坏掉的椅子等旧物品，这些物品计划进行回收处理。 【课标词汇训练】 根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。 1.Her outstanding performance in the final exams ____________ her previous modest grades, surprising both teachers and classmates. 她在期末考试中的出色表现超越了她以往普通的成绩，令老师和同学都感到惊讶。 2.The cleaning ____________ composed of our class volunteers worked diligently after school to ensure the campus remained spotless for the upcoming sports meet. 由我们班志愿者组成的清洁小队放学后辛勤工作，确保校园为即将到来的运动会保持一尘不染。 3.During the fire drill, each class quickly gathered at their designated assembly ____________ on the playground, demonstrating excellent discipline. 在消防演习中，每个班级迅速聚集到操场上指定的集合点，表现出极佳的纪律性。 4.The basketball team's triumphant ____________ in the championship pool after winning the inter-school tournament was met with cheers from the entire school. 篮球队在校际锦标赛获胜后，在冠军池中胜利溅落，迎来了全校的欢呼。 5.The school garden, damaged by a heavy storm, was carefully ____________ by the biology club, who replanted all the flowers and vegetables. 被暴雨破坏的学校花园在生物俱乐部的精心恢复下重新焕发生机，他们重新种植了所有花卉和蔬菜。 6.The sturdy new desks in the classroom can ____________ the daily wear and tear of energetic students, ensuring long-term use. 教室里坚固的新课桌能够承受精力旺盛的学生们的日常磨损，确保长期使用。 7.The chemistry teacher emphasized the importance of controlling the ____________ precisely during experiments to ensure accurate results. 化学老师强调在实验中精确控制温度以确保结果准确的重要性。 8.The school strives to create an ____________ of respect and inclusivity where every student feels valued and accepted. 学校努力营造一种尊重和包容的氛围，让每个学生都感到被重视和接纳。 9.The video tutorial on the school's online platform is stuck in a continuous ____________, repeating the same lesson until the teacher fixes it. 学校在线平台上的视频教程卡在连续循环中，不断重复同一课程，直到老师修复它。 10.Her school bag is always filled with all sorts of ____________, from textbooks and notebooks to art supplies and snacks. 她的书包总是塞满了各种各样的东西，从课本和笔记本到美术用品和零食。 【参考译文】 经过近10天的漫长旅程，阿耳忒弥斯二号飞船的宇航员们环绕月球飞行，目睹了日食奇观，且距离地球的距离远超以往任何人类宇航员。如今，四人乘组已成功完成壮丽的返航任务。 周五晚8时07分，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）宇航员里德·怀斯曼、维克多·格洛弗和克里斯蒂娜·科赫，以及加拿大航天局宇航员杰里米·汉森，成功进入位于圣地亚哥海岸外太平洋海域的猎户座太空舱。为协助乘组人员回收，美国海军约翰·P·默萨号驱逐舰已部署在溅落区域附近待命。 为重返地球，太空舱需承受约5000华氏度（约2730摄氏度）的极端温度，并从近25000英里/小时（超音速30倍以上）的高速减速至约19英里/小时（约30公里/小时），最终实现安全着陆。 NASA宇航员、阿尔忒弥斯二号任务组成员维克多·格洛弗在执行机动前表示，从大气层顶到地表这段约13分钟的旅程，就像‘乘坐火球穿越大气层’。但他表示，这也是必要的。 “我们必须重返赛场，”格洛弗表示，“虽然已有大量数据可供参考，但所有有价值的数据都将随我们一同回归。” 4月6日星期一，四人航天员乘飞船环绕月球背面运行，在飞越月球表面时拍摄了照片并进行了观测。该团队将把这些数据及其他相关信息传回地面。 好题精练 练 Passage1阅读理解 （2026·云南省昆明市五华区云南师范大学附属中学等学校高三模拟预测）Astronomers have just spotted one of the biggest spinning structures ever seen. A string of 14 galaxies spanning 5.5 million light-years is rotating (旋转) together, located inside a spinning chunk of the cosmic web (宇宙网). Such a consistent direction of spin is unexpected and could complicate major upcoming surveys. Scientists found the structure in data from the MeerKAT radio telescope. Later, they saw that members on one end of the string were moving toward us, while those on the other end were moving away. They also found that outside its central line, the main part races around at some 250,000 mph (400,000 km/h). The galaxies are full of neutral hydrogen, the raw material for star formation. Because hydrogen is easily disturbed, it acts like a sign, revealing the flow of gas and momentum (动量). That makes this structure a live demo of how galaxies grow, acquiring material and spinning up over time. What surprised the team is that most of the galaxies are also turning around their own center in the same direction as the whole structure is spinning. Astronomers generally think galaxies rotate randomly. But in this case, “We believe this is caused by the gravitational interaction between the galaxies and the structure,” says Madalina Tudorache, the leading researcher. More specifically, the structure is passing its spin on to the galaxies through “a transfer of angular momentum (角动量).” This provides important clues to how a galaxy’s environment affects its formation and evolution. Giant spinning structures such as this could throw a wrench into current and future cosmological surveys. Present projects study the universe by exploiting the fact that light from cosmic objects is bent to Earth by the gravity of matter it passes, which can make galaxies appear to be lined up. But if galaxies are actually lined up, it could produce a false signal, making our maps incorrect. “This structure breaks our assumption that all galaxies are randomly oriented,” says Naomi Robertson, a research associate at the University of Edinburgh, adding that such observations help astronomers test data analysis methods and explore the cosmic web more fully by combining multiple datasets. 1．What do we know about the newly discovered structure? A．It is the largest spinning structure ever found. B．It consists of 14 galaxies moving in random directions. C．Its galaxies spin in the opposite direction of the structure. D．Its galaxies contain neutral hydrogen uncovering gas flow. 2．What can be learned from Tudorache’s words about the discovery? A．It happens by chance and has little scientific significance. B．It results from the structure transferring its spin to the galaxies. C．It proves that galaxies always spin in the same direction. D．It challenges all existing theories about galaxy formation. 3．What does the underlined phrase “throw a wrench into” in the last paragraph mean? A．Completely destroy. B．Cause problems for. C．Slightly enhance. D．Provide support for. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．How do Galaxies Get Their Spin? B．Will Lined-up Galaxies Ruin Space Surveys? C．Giant Spinning Galaxies Found in Cosmic Web D．Studying Galaxies Through the Cosmic Web Passage2阅读理解 （2026·贵州六盘水市下学期一模高三英语素养卷）Our solar system orbits the Milky Way galaxy’s center once about every 210 million years, traveling along at around 240 kilometers per second — an astonishing rate we don’t feel because the entire system moves at the same constant speed. But a new study suggests our solar system is a laggard in the universe compared with one system in our galaxy that was somehow accelerated to a speed of 541 kilometers a second, making it the swiftest planetary system ever found. “This speed was extremely high and kind of shocking,” says astrophysicist Terry. It introduces a series of questions about the survivability of these types of systems. This galactic speed “monster” appears to center on a red dwarf star (红矮星) which is smaller and less bright than our sun. It’s about 24,500 light years from Earth and some 1,500 light years away from our galaxy’s center. Astronomers discovered the star and a suspected accompanying planet after a 2011 “microlensing” event called MOA-2011-BLG-262, when the system passed in front of a background star and bent the latter’s light. Terry and his colleagues observed the system again in 2021. They found that its known planet is most likely a gas giant with about 29 times Earth’s mass that orbits its star at a distance between those at which Venus and Earth orbit our sun. The researchers also mapped the system’s position in the 2021 data relative to where it was about a decade prior, revealing how fast it traveled. It might be a hyper-speed star system, an example of a rare class of astronomical objects that have been sped up by past encounters with other stars’ gravity — or even by a gravitational slingshot (弹弓) from the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy. These objects travel faster than 500 kilometers a second, and the speediest known one travels at over 2,000 kilometers a second. “It’s an extraordinary category of stars,” Terry says, estimating that the system in this study more than doubled its speed after its own dramatic encounter. “No previous hyper-speed stars have been found with planets. This might open up a new study of the origin and evolution of planets around very high-speed stars,” he adds. 5．What does the underlined word “laggard” in the first paragraph refer to? A．Something moving slowly. B．Something becoming famous. C．Something traveling endlessly. D．Something looking incomparable. 6．What can we learn about the “monster” from paragraph 2? A．Its star is much brighter than our sun. B．Its planet’s mass is identical to Venus’s. C．It’s a system discovered through its own light. D．It’s closer to the galactic center than Earth. 7．What does Terry think of the discovery? A．It is accidental. B．It is common. C．It is pioneering. D．It is strange. 8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．The Milky Way Galaxy’s Center B．The Solar System’s Bright Stars C．The Fastest Astronomical Objects D．The Planetary System Speed Record Passage 3 阅读七选五 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China published the world’s first high-definition lunar geologic atlas on April 21. This is the first major update of this fundamental lunar data since NASA’s Apollo Program in the 1960s and early 1970s. According to the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the lunar geologic maps are available in both Chinese and English. 1 “Current moon research still depends on the atlas developed during the Apollo era. However, those maps can no longer meet future needs as studies advance,” the CAS said. The new maps of the moon are provided on a 1:2.5 million scale. 2 On the main map, 14 types of structures and 17 types of rocks can be seen on the moon. A total of 12,341 impact craters and 81 impact basins are also labeled. The atlas has been uploaded to the digital lunar cloud platform built by Chinese scientists, according to the CAS. It will help in landing site selection, resource exploration and path planning for China’s future efforts to explore the moon. 3 “The lunar geologic atlas will also play a role in selecting a site for a planned lunar station,” said leading researcher Ouyang Ziyuan. He is considered the “founding father” of China’s lunar program. “It can also help us better understand the Earth and other planets in the solar system, such as Mars,” he added. Ouyang started the lunar mapping project in 2012, along with fellow geologist Liu Jianzhong. The research team also includes scientists from several research institutions (机构)and universities in China. 4 Since 2014, the country has sent a series of orbiters (轨道飞行器), landers (着陆器)and rovers (月球车)to the moon. In addition, the scientists referenced previous data and research from outside China. Liu stressed that the atlas is an “exemplary” achievement in the field of lunar science. “This represents China's contribution to the study of the origin and evolution of the moon,” he said. “ 5 ” A．The work is mainly built on data from China’s Chang’e program. B．Every question in geology starts with looking at a geological map. C．Apart from such scientific purposes, it will also serve as a tool for science education. D．Compared with the previous versions on a scale of 1:5 million, they offer more details. E．They will provide up-to-date scientific references for future lunar research and exploration. F．It provides useful information for setting scientific goals and carrying out the lunar exploration projects. G．He says the atlas provides insight into the moon's history, its resource distribution and possible future exploration. Passage 4 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 （2026·重庆市沙坪坝区重庆市第八中学校2入学考试） Six years as a space reporter taught me that chaos rules everything. Nothing is completely predictable or controlled. I have watched enough go wrong to know that no view of a celestial (天空的) event is ever truly promised to us 1 on the Earth. So when my mother and I decided to drive out to Erie, Pennsylvania, to see the April 8 total solar eclipse (日全食) this year, I knew this would be a trip of two 2 attitudes. I’d be 3 about the weather and convinced we’d be victims of the randomness that governs the world while my mom would have strong faith that order would 4 and the skies would let us glimpse an eclipse like this for the first time in our lives. I told her not to 5 the universe for this one; she told me she wouldn’t depend on anything else. I was once again humbled into a 6 I’ve learned time and time again — Mama knows best. Erie’s forecast that morning was looking 7 , but by the time first contact between the sun and the moon began a little after 2 p.m., the clouds over the city’s bay began to clear. The pale yellow sun under the eclipse lenses rapidly crested (达到顶峰), concentrating into a 8 orange glow. The eclipse 9 at 3:16 p.m. A thin white glow pierced out from the edge of a clean black circle. The sunset-like 10 glowed and bloomed in the distance. I could spot solar prominences (日珥) sticking out from the sides of the 11 in slightly bright red and pink. Jupiter and Venus also played roles in this performance. It felt like bearing 12 to something close to a miracle. Four minutes later, the eclipse 13 . The sun brightened again. And the clouds 14 violently, swallowing up the moon and the sun and the sky in gray. But for four incredible minutes, the universe seems to have 15 a promise to my mother. 1．A．analysts B．investigators C．astronauts D．observers 2．A． consistent B．amusing C．conflicting D．agreeable 3．A．pessimistic B．confused C．optimistic D．curious 4．A．lose B．delay C．fail D．win 5．A．feed on B．take on C．settle on D．count on 6．A．plan B．lesson C．practice D．skill 7．A．usual B．terrible C．average D．beautiful 8．A．dull B．faint C．weak D．fierce 9．A．disappeared B．struck C．died D．exploded 10．A．colors B．shapes C．circuits D．scenes 11．A．sky B．sun C．moon D．star 12．A．witness B．tolerance C．relation D．reference 13．A．continued B．progressed C．ended D．ticked 14．A．returned B．quit C．left D．faded 15．A．lost focus on B．lived up to C．took account of D．kept track of Passage 5 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On February 11, 2026, China successfully 1 (carry) out a key flight test for its manned lunar exploration program at the Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan Province. During the test, the Long March-10 completed a low-altitude 2 (demonstrate) flight. When reaching the conditions at maximum dynamic pressure, the Mengzhou return capsule received the command from the rocket and successfully separated as 3 (plan). It was China’s first successful at-sea recovery of both a rocket stage and a crewed spacecraft capsule. The test marked the first flight of the Long March-10 in its prototype (原型) form. 4 called a “low-altitude test”, the first stage literally reached about 105 kilometers  — well above the Karman line (卡门线), the recognized boundary of space. That’s 5 same altitude it will reach in real lunar missions. The test proved that the rocket's first stage could fly and land as designed. It also showed that the spacecraft’s escape system worked 6 (reliable) under difficult flight conditions. In addition, the test demonstrated smooth cooperation among the rocket, spacecraft, ground control, 7 sea recovery system. This important success lays a solid technical foundation 8 the development of future flight models and 9 (bring) China closer to its goal of 10 (send) astronauts to the moon before 2030. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $