专题08 晨读晚默之高考概要写作议论文（猜押宝典）（上海专用）2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲练测

猜押专题08 高考概要写作之议论文 专题剖析上海高考英语作文命题趋势与应对策略，核心价值在于将抽象的写作要求转化为可操作的分析框架和备考路径。适用于高三师生进行专题复习与精准训练，其亮点在于紧密贴合新课标导向，深度结合命题规律，从“考查什么”、“如何考查”到“如何备考”提供了逻辑清晰的完整解决方案，助力考生在掌握格式基础上，提升思维与语用的核心竞争力。 专题依据新课程标准与高考命题新要求，聚焦核心考查方向，适配“思维品质提升、语篇逻辑深化、话题贴近生活”的命题导向，结合近年一模二模及真题规律，明确写作分类、命题特征及猜押重点，助力考生精准备考。 一、题型总纲领 体 裁 高考概要写作之议论文 结构特点 立场明确，以提出论点→论证过程→总结观点 / 建议展开 考查核心 精准抓取中心论点、分论点 / 论据、作者态度、结论建议 二、命题聚焦 ① 准确概括全文核心立场，不偏离观点 ② 提炼主要论据，简化举例、细节 ③ 用 30 词左右完整呈现论点 + 论证 + 结论逻辑链 三、语篇核心特征 结构逻辑 ① 总分总清晰：论点→论据→结论 ② 逻辑导向鲜明：因果、转折、对比、让步为核心 语言特点 ① 正式客观，多用观点类、评价类、建议类表达 ② 衔接词高频：however/therefore/although/as a result 四、通用写作逻辑 文章主题 + 作者核心论点 + 主要论据 / 理由 + 结论 / 建议（句式：The passage argues that… To support it, the author… Thus, it suggests that…） 六、备考启示 1. 优先抓首段尾段、段首主题句，定位论点 2. 舍弃细节例子，保留理由、原因、结果 3. 同义改写，避免原句摘抄，保持逻辑完整 01：课堂典例 Click to download teacher ①“Books will soon be obsolete (过时的) in schools,” Thomas Edison announced in 1913: they would, he believed, soon be replaced by silent films. Each new wave of information technology—radio, television, computers—has led to similar predictions. And each time, the old technologies of books, classrooms and teachers have proved startlingly resilient. ②Like teachers, digital educational technology comes in many forms, from wonderful to appalling (糟糕的). But, used properly, it now deserves more prominence in schools—especially in poor countries where human teachers are often ignorant, absent or both. ③The UN’s Millennium Development Goals included the ambition that by 2015 all the world’s children would complete primary school. This has largely been achieved: nine out of ten children are now enrolled. Alas, the figure is not as impressive as it sounds. Even though most of the world’s children go to school, an awful lot of them learn pretty much nothing there. ④According to a recent World Bank study of seven sub-Saharan African countries, half of nine-year-olds cannot read a simple word and three-quarters cannot read a simple sentence. The reason is terrible teaching. The same study found that only 7% of teachers had the minimum knowledge needed to teach reading and writing effectively. When classrooms were inspected to see whether a teacher was present, half the time the answer was no. ⑤Paying teachers more, in the hope of recruiting better ones, is not the answer. In poor countries, teachers are well paid by local standards—annual salaries are four times GDP per person in India and five times in Kenya and Nigeria. ⑥As for absenteeism (经常无故缺勤), if expensive teachers do not turn up to class, governments would, surely, sack them? Easier said than done. Poor governments often lack the wherewithal (做某事所需的金钱) to check on teachers in distant villages. ⑦Several recent studies suggest ed-tech can help. It seems to bring about bigger improvements in poor countries than in rich ones. Some of the scarce resources being spent on teachers could therefore be better spent on ed-tech. That does not mean dumping computers on schools in the hope that children will understand how to use them. Instead, it means providing schools with software that children can use with minimal help from an adult, that sends teachers prompts about what they are supposed to be teaching and that allows the authorities to check on whether the teacher is in the classroom. ⑧Suspects may wonder whether the poorest places have the necessary infrastructure. But Africa is electrifying apace (飞速地)—in Kenya, electricity coverage has gone up from 27% to 55% of households in three years. Where the grid is not available, solar chargers can work. Schools do not need internet access. Devices can be taken to where there is a connection to upload or download the necessary information. Cost does not have to be a huge problem either. The biggest issue is the government’s commitment: where it is enthusiastic, the chances of success are good. ⑨Technology is no panacea (万全之策). Good traditional teachers are not obsolete, and are never likely to be. And authorities need to hold teachers to account. But ed-tech can help greatly—by monitoring pupils and teachers alike, assisting the best teachers and, most important, making up for the failings of the worst. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【文本解析】 1. Main idea 这是一篇议论文，文章围绕“ed-tech”这个话题展开。文章开头提出观点：随着科技进步的发展，ed-tech应该受到更多重视，尤其是在一些贫穷国家。接着，文章详细分析了贫穷国家面临的一些教育问题。虽然在联合国的努力下，许多孩子能够走进校门了，但是学不到什么东西。在这些国家，教师素质不合格，还经常缺勤。而ed-tech能够很好地解决这些问题。一方面，它可以把课程送进学校，辅助教学；另一方面，政府还可以利用ed-tech监管教师的出勤。有一些人质疑ed-tech在贫穷国家的广泛应用，因为缺少必须的基础设施。但是作者认为只要政府决心坚定，这些都不是问题。 2. Text structure 全文可以划分为四个部分： ①-②第一部分：陈述观点：ed-tech在一些贫穷国家应受到更多重视。 ③-⑥第二部分：贫穷国家面临的教育问题：师资不合格，教师经常缺勤。 ⑦-⑧第三部分：ed-tech的优势，以及针对ed-tech的质疑。 ⑨第四部分：总结观点：ed-tech不是万全之策，但是能极大地解决问题。 3. Mind map 4. Summary writing Ed-tech is a solution to educational problems facing poor countries, like poor teaching quality and teachers’ frequent absences. Some have doubts about its popularity in backward countries which might lack necessary infrastructure, but this concern is unnecessary as long as governments support it. Ed-tech can make a big difference because it facilitates teachers’ work and helps regulate teaching quality. (59 words) 02：晨读晚默素材 实战演练1 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Kids Losing Fine Motor Skills? Amy Hornbeck can tell something is off the moment her students step into the classroom. Once, kids arrived with pockets full of rocks and items collected during outdoor adventures. Now, they come with their eyes glued to a screen. And it shows: they can’t zip their coats, turn the pages of a book, or even hold a spoon properly. Today’s children are losing critical fine motor skills—the small, precise movements required to tie a shoelace, write with a pen, or build a tower. Here’s what parents need to know. Time spent on screens—whether phones, tablets, eBooks, or TV—all adds up to time kids aren’t crafting, drawing, and building. While learning math or creating digital art can be educational, it doesn’t develop the fine motor control that comes from writing, cutting, or coloring. Hornbeck adds that kids’ decreasing ability to focus on a task, especially one requiring effort, is a key contributor to declining fine motor skills. Take puzzles, for example. Completing one involves strategy, flipping pieces, and trial and error. But Hornbeck says, “A lot of kids simply say, ‘Nope.’ They’re used to playing on a computer, which spins the piece for you.” She adds, “Tablets provide a lot more immediate support than is available in real life.” Convenience in parenting has also impacted skill development, says Hornbeck. Elastic pants without zippers or buttons save time on busy mornings, and pre-packaged snacks eliminate mess — but these shortcuts deprive kids of opportunities to practice zipping, buttoning, or using tools. Hornbeck suggests parents get children off their screens. Also, parents should look for opportunities to challenge their children and insert fine motor activities into daily tasks, such as cutting coupons or cooking together, looking for stones on the way to school, pouring cups, and squeezing sponges in the bath, etc. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Fine motor skills, small and precise movements, are being lost by children. More screen time means less time to develop the skills. Also, digital devices’ immediate support makes kids focus less on effort-requiring tasks, causing skills to decline. Finally, convenience in parenting prevents the skill development. Parents should divert kids from screens and integrate fine motor activities into daily tasks. (60 words) 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了当代儿童因过度依赖电子设备、缺乏实践机会及家长过度便利化养育，导致精细动作技能（如系鞋带、书写）显著退化，并提出通过减少屏幕时间、增加日常手工活动来改善这一问题。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Today’s children are losing critical fine motor skills—the small, precise movements required to tie a shoelace, write with a pen, or build a tower. ②Time spent on screens—whether phones, tablets, eBooks, or TV—all adds up to time kids aren’t crafting, drawing, and building. ③Hornbeck adds that kids’ decreasing ability to focus on a task, especially one requiring effort, is a key contributor to declining fine motor skills. ④Convenience in parenting has also impacted skill development, says Hornbeck. ⑤Hornbeck suggests parents get children off their screens. ⑥Also, parents should look for opportunities to challenge their children and insert fine motor activities into daily tasks, such as cutting coupons or cooking together, looking for stones on the way to school, pouring cups, and squeezing sponges in the bath, etc. 2.缜密构思 将要点①进行概括，②③④进行重组，将要点⑤⑥进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Children are losing critical fine motor skills. Time spent on screens doesn’t develop the fine motor control. Kids’ decreasing ability to focus on a task is a key contributor to declining fine motor skills. Convenience in parenting has also impacted skill development. Parents should get children off their screens and look for opportunities to challenge their children and insert fine motor activities into daily tasks. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 More screen time means less time to develop the skills. (运用了动词不定式作后置定语，对第二段内容进行了简明扼要地概括) 【高分句型2】Also, digital devices’ immediate support makes kids focus less on effort-requiring tasks, causing skills to decline. (运用了现在分词作结果状语，对第三段内容进行了简明扼要地概括) 实战演练2 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Are touchscreens in cars dangerous? For years almost every new car sold has come with a high-tech, futuristic screen, which controls everything from the air conditioning to the music. Even safety features like automatic lane-keeping are sometimes screen-controlled. But are touchscreens safe? The case for the accusation is straightforward. If fiddling with the screen of a smartphone while driving is distracting, and therefore dangerous, then doing likewise with your car’s is probably risky too. Drivers can learn the location of physical controls, and press buttons or twiddle dials without taking their eyes off the road. A touchscreen offers no physical feedback, making that much harder. And because a screen must do dozens of jobs, finding a particular setting often means tapping through several sub-menus. The result, say critics, is a dangerous distraction built into the car itself. Research backs that up. A study, done in 2024 by researchers at SINTEF, a Norwegian contract-research organisation, used gaze-tracking cameras to compare how long drivers were distracted while performing different tasks on a touchscreen. Even the quickest job — changing the temperature — meant three and a half seconds, on average, of not looking at the road. Finding a new radio station took 11 seconds, and putting a new address into the satellite navigation took 16. An analysis published in 2020 by the Transport Research Laboratory, a British organisation, found that touchscreens impaired a driver’s reaction time more than driving over the legal alcohol limit. Safety organisations are beginning to notice. From January new rules from Euro NCAP, an organisation that provides safety ratings for cars sold in Europe, will mean no car can get a full five-star score unless certain crucial functions — indicators, for instance, or the windscreen wipers — are controlled by real switches. Euro NCAP’s safety guidelines have no legal force. But carmakers use its ratings as a selling-point. But innovation never stops. Even as touchscreens are falling out of favour, many manufacturers are turning their attention to voice control — though that is a subject for another story. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】      Most new cars are equipped with touchscreens controlling various functions, but they’re dangerous as they lack physical feedback and require complex sub-menu operations, distracting drivers. Studies show they cause long distraction and impair reaction time more than drunk driving. Euro NCAP will introduce new rules requiring real switches for key functions, while carmakers are shifting to voice control. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要围绕汽车触摸屏的安全性展开，指出其因缺乏物理反馈、操作复杂而分散司机注意力，相关研究证实其危害甚至超过酒驾，欧洲安全机构将出台新规规范关键功能控制方式，车企则转向语音控制技术。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①For years almost every new car sold has come with a high-tech, futuristic screen, which controls everything from the air conditioning to the music. ②But are touchscreens safe? The case for the accusation is straightforward. ③A study, done in 2024 by researchers at SINTEF, a Norwegian contract-research organisation, used gaze-tracking cameras to compare how long drivers were distracted while performing different tasks on a touchscreen. ④Euro NCAP’s safety guidelines have no legal force. But carmakers use its ratings as a selling-point. 2. 缜密构思 整合①②，③④要点 3. 遣词造句 Most new cars have touchscreens for diverse functions, but they’re dangerous owing to no physical feedback and complex sub-menu operations that distract drivers. Studies prove they lead to long distraction and impair reaction time more than drunk driving, so Euro NCAP will require real switches for key functions, with carmakers shifting to voice control. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】Most new cars are equipped with touchscreens controlling various functions, but they’re dangerous as they lack physical feedback and require complex sub-menu operations, distracting drivers. (运用 as 引导原因状语从句，现在分词短语作结果状语，对一二段部分内容进行总结) 【高分句型 2】Studies show they cause long distraction and impair reaction time more than drunk driving. (运用省略that的宾语从句，对第三段进行总结，句型高级) 【高分句型 3】Euro NCAP will introduce new rules requiring real switches for key functions, while carmakers are shifting to voice control. (运用while连接的时间状语从句，对第四，五段进行总结，表达高级) 实战演练3 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Fiction Reading For many people, nothing is more enjoyable than spending a whole afternoon reading a good novel. But are novels simply a pleasant way to pass the time, or could it be true that reading fiction actually benefits our lives? One of the joys of fiction is that it can take us to places that our lives won’t. It can transport us to 17th-century France, or to war-torn Germany. It can take us to a future world in which artificial intelligence takes over and books are banned, or a fantasy world where people bail it out for food. Fiction can also introduce us to a whole range of people that we haven’t yet met. And this, according to Carrie Oates, a novelist and academic, is perhaps the real benefit of stories. In one of Oates’ studies, participants were asked to read either a short story by Chekhov or a version of the story in documentary form. Those who were given the fictionalized version were found to be more likely to sympathize with the characters, thus going through greater changes in personality. In another study, she showed participants photos of the eyes of people who were feeling and thinking different things. The people who read fiction were better able to interpret those thoughts and feelings than those who didn’t. Oates explains that when we read fiction, we enter into the minds of the characters. We think about why they behave in a certain way, and what they are likely to do next. Just as we might become more knowledgeable about psychology and astronomy if we read about psychology and astronomy, we get better at this kind of social thinking if we read fiction. This improves our understanding of the thoughts and feelings of those around us in real life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】       Reading Fiction is joyful and beneficial to our lives.（有好处；1分）We can be led to where we can’t go in real life, and introduced to different people.（不同的地方和人；1分）Oates finds that fiction reading enables us to better identify characters（认同角色；1分）, thus changing our personalities（改变性格-细节一1分）.This understanding interprets others’ mind and feelings（更能解析别人的情感；1分）, becoming more socially knowledgeable in reality（使人更博学或更理解周围人-细节二1分）.（共57词） 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了阅读小说带来的乐趣以及对生活的益处。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①For many people, nothing is more enjoyable than spending a whole afternoon reading a good novel. ②One of the joys of fiction is that it can take us to places that our lives won’t. ③Fiction can also introduce us to a whole range of people that we haven’t yet met. ④Those who were given the fictionalized version were found to be more likely to sympathize with the characters, thus going through greater changes in personality. ⑤The people who read fiction were better able to interpret those thoughts and feelings than those who didn’t. ⑥This improves our understanding of the thoughts and feelings of those around us in real life. 2.缜密构思将第1个要点进行总结，作为总起句，将2、3两个要点进行整合，将4、5、6三个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Reading Fiction is joyful and beneficial to our lives. We can be led to the place where we can’t go in real life, and introduced to different people. 【点睛】【高分句型1】We can be led to where we can’t go in real life, and introduced to different people.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第二段进行了概括。其中where引导宾语从句，表达非常高级。 【高分句型2】Oates finds that fiction reading enables us to better identify characters, thus changing our personalities.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第三段进行了概括。其中that引导的宾语从句、不定式to better作宾补和现在分词changing作状语，表达非常高级。 实战演练4 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Should you blame yourself for your bad habits? In the 1960s, Stanford psychologist Walter Mischel tested self-control by leaving children alone with a sweet: they could eat one at once, or wait and get two. Those who waited later did better at school, were happier, and earned more, leading him to see self-control as key to success. Later research, however, questioned this. His study was small and narrow. Larger studies show wealthier children resist temptation more easily, often because they trust the reward will come. Environment strongly shapes self-control, so we are not entirely in charge of it. Luck also plays a role. You did not choose where you were born, how supportive your parents were, or what talents you received. What people usually take responsibility for is how they use those circumstances—whether they waste their advantages or manage to overcome difficulties. Yet even perseverance and willpower are influenced by genes, as shown in recent twin studies. The modern world adds further challenges. Technology and marketing target our reward systems: phones are designed to hold our attention, advertisements follow us online, and shopping platforms encourage unplanned purchases. If resisting temptation feels harder now, that is not only a personal weakness but also the result of a system built to exploit it. What, then, is the right conclusion? We should not imagine that self-control is simply a matter of inner strength, nor that we are powerless victims of circumstance. A more realistic view is that habits are formed at the intersection of personal choices and external conditions. People who seem especially self-disciplined often succeed not because they resist temptation better, but because they arrange their environment, routines, and goals in ways that reduce the need for constant willpower. Recognising both the limits of personal control and the power of context allows us to take smarter, fairer steps toward change. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Stanford’s test suggested self-control predicted success, but later research showed wealth, environment, and trust shape it more than willpower alone. Genes, luck, and modern temptations like technology and advertising also influence behavior. True self-discipline lies less in resisting urges than in shaping environments and routines that reduce constant struggles with temptation. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了是否应该因自己的坏习惯而自责，通过斯坦福大学的心理测试引出话题，指出自我控制并非完全取决于个人意志力，而是受财富、环境、信任、基因、运气以及现代诱惑等多重因素影响。真正的自律不在于抵制诱惑，而在于塑造减少与诱惑持续斗争的环境和习惯。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①In the 1960s, Stanford psychologist Walter Mischel tested self-control and found self-control is key to success. ②Later research, however, questioned this. Larger studies show wealthier children resist temptation more easily, often because they trust the reward will come. Environment strongly shapes self-control, so we are not entirely in charge of it. ③Luck also plays a role. Yet even perseverance and willpower are influenced by genes, as shown in recent twin studies. ④The modern world adds further challenges. Technology and marketing target our reward systems: phones are designed to hold our attention, advertisements follow us online, and shopping platforms encourage unplanned purchases. ⑤People who seem especially self-disciplined often succeed not because they resist temptation better, but because they arrange their environment, routines, and goals in ways that reduce the need for constant willpower. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行整合，第5要点单独成点。 3. 遣词造句 The initial Stanford experiment indicated that self-control was a significant factor in achieving success. Subsequent studies, however, revealed that factors such as wealth, environmental influences, and levels of trust have a greater impact on one's ability to resist temptation than sheer willpower. Genetic predispositions, luck, and the temptations of the modern era, including technology and advertising, also play pivotal roles in shaping our behaviors. Genuine self-discipline is more about structuring our surroundings and daily habits to minimize the continuous battle with temptations, rather than merely resisting them. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Stanford’s test suggested self-control predicted success, but later research showed wealth, environment, and trust shape it more than willpower alone. （运用but连接两个句子，形成对比转折关系，简洁明了地概括了斯坦福测试和后续研究的不同结论。） [高分句型2] True self-discipline lies less in resisting urges than in shaping environments and routines that reduce constant struggles with temptation. （运用less...than...结构以及that引导的定语从句，强调了真正的自律更多在于塑造环境和日常习惯，而非单纯抵制冲动。） 实战演练 5 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. The wages of equality: A world of unfinished business Over the past several decades, women’s economic contributions have become vital to household management and consumer spending. However, despite their growing presence in the workforce, women often face challenges related to wage differences. One of the major reasons for this persistent wage gap is that, across various countries, discrimination in hiring and educational opportunities still plays a part, though it has become less common. In many regions, discrimination’s impact is declining, but it still contributes significantly to pay gaps. Efforts to close the gender wage gap are not merely about equality — they also have significant economic implications. Economists and labor experts argue that the wage gap acts as a drag on productivity. Countries that ignore this issue may struggle economically by not fully using the talents of educated women. Moreover, closing the wage gap has the potential to empower women economically and provide greater autonomy, leading to a host of social and policy changes. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), wage inequality is shaped by geography and national policies. For example, in the late 1990s, the wage gap was narrowest in Belgium, France, and Sweden but more pronounced in countries like Japan, Spain, and Italy. Further complicating matters is the influence of free-market forces on wage inequality. As economies have shifted away from heavy regulation, the gap between high-and low-income workers has grown. Highly paid professionals have increasingly pulled ahead, while lower-paid workers struggle to keep pace, deepening the overall wage inequality across industries. Addressing these gaps is challenging. Policymakers need to make sure gender equality measures are not only implemented but also work well within the economy. This requires continuous monitoring and adjustments to ensure that policies effectively reduce gaps without creating unintended consequences. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】    Over recent decades, women’s economic contributions to households and consumption have grown vital. However, they still face wage gaps due to lingering discrimination in hiring and education, plus influences of geography, national policies, and free-market forces. Closing these gaps matters for productivity, women’s empowerment, and social change, so policymakers must ensure effective, monitored equality measures to tackle gaps without side-effects. 【导语】这是一篇议论文。 文章论述了近几十年来，女性在家庭和消费方面的经济贡献愈发重要，但仍因招聘和教育中存在的歧视，以及地理、国家政策、自由市场力量等因素面临工资差距；缩小该差距对生产力、女性赋权和社会变革意义重大，政策制定者需确保平等措施有效实施且受监控，同时避免产生副作用。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Genre: Expository text on women’s economic status. ②Women’s economic contributions: Over recent decades, their economic contributions to households and consumption have become increasingly important. ③Problems faced: Still face wage gaps due to discrimination in hiring and education, as well as influences from geography, national policies, and free-market forces. ④Significance of narrowing the gap: Of great significance to productivity, women’s empowerment, and social change. ⑤Relevant measures: Policymakers need to ensure that equality measures are effectively implemented and monitored, while avoiding side effects. 2.缜密构思 将1、2点进行整合，3点独立概括，4、5点重新组合 3.遣词造句 Over recent decades, women’s economic contributions to households and consumption have grown vital. However, they still face wage gaps due to lingering discrimination in hiring and education, plus influences of geography, national policies, and free-market forces. Closing these gaps matters for productivity, women’s empowerment, and social change, so policymakers must ensure effective, monitored equality measures to tackle gaps without side-effects. 【点睛】【高分句型1】However, they still face wage gaps due to lingering discrimination in hiring and education, plus influences of geography, national policies, and free-market forces.运用非谓语动词动名词作due to的宾语，对第二段进行概括，语言高级。 【高分句型2】Closing these gaps matters for productivity, women’s empowerment, and social change, so policymakers must ensure effective, monitored equality measures to tackle gaps without side-effects.运用了连词so表示因果关系，以及非谓语动词不定式作目的状语，对三、四、五、六段进行概括，语言高级。 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 猜押专题08 高考概要写作之议论文 专题剖析上海高考英语作文命题趋势与应对策略，核心价值在于将抽象的写作要求转化为可操作的分析框架和备考路径。适用于高三师生进行专题复习与精准训练，其亮点在于紧密贴合新课标导向，深度结合命题规律，从“考查什么”、“如何考查”到“如何备考”提供了逻辑清晰的完整解决方案，助力考生在掌握格式基础上，提升思维与语用的核心竞争力。 专题依据新课程标准与高考命题新要求，聚焦核心考查方向，适配“思维品质提升、语篇逻辑深化、话题贴近生活”的命题导向，结合近年一模二模及真题规律，明确写作分类、命题特征及猜押重点，助力考生精准备考。 一、题型总纲领 体 裁 高考概要写作之议论文 结构特点 立场明确，以提出论点→论证过程→总结观点 / 建议展开 考查核心 精准抓取中心论点、分论点 / 论据、作者态度、结论建议 二、命题聚焦 ① 准确概括全文核心立场，不偏离观点 ② 提炼主要论据，简化举例、细节 ③ 用 30 词左右完整呈现论点 + 论证 + 结论逻辑链 三、语篇核心特征 结构逻辑 ① 总分总清晰：论点→论据→结论 ② 逻辑导向鲜明：因果、转折、对比、让步为核心 语言特点 ① 正式客观，多用观点类、评价类、建议类表达 ② 衔接词高频：however/therefore/although/as a result 四、通用写作逻辑 文章主题 + 作者核心论点 + 主要论据 / 理由 + 结论 / 建议（句式：The passage argues that… To support it, the author… Thus, it suggests that…） 六、备考启示 1. 优先抓首段尾段、段首主题句，定位论点 2. 舍弃细节例子，保留理由、原因、结果 3. 同义改写，避免原句摘抄，保持逻辑完整 01：课堂典例 Click to download teacher ①“Books will soon be obsolete (过时的) in schools,” Thomas Edison announced in 1913: they would, he believed, soon be replaced by silent films. Each new wave of information technology—radio, television, computers—has led to similar predictions. And each time, the old technologies of books, classrooms and teachers have proved startlingly resilient. ②Like teachers, digital educational technology comes in many forms, from wonderful to appalling (糟糕的). But, used properly, it now deserves more prominence in schools—especially in poor countries where human teachers are often ignorant, absent or both. ③The UN’s Millennium Development Goals included the ambition that by 2015 all the world’s children would complete primary school. This has largely been achieved: nine out of ten children are now enrolled. Alas, the figure is not as impressive as it sounds. Even though most of the world’s children go to school, an awful lot of them learn pretty much nothing there. ④According to a recent World Bank study of seven sub-Saharan African countries, half of nine-year-olds cannot read a simple word and three-quarters cannot read a simple sentence. The reason is terrible teaching. The same study found that only 7% of teachers had the minimum knowledge needed to teach reading and writing effectively. When classrooms were inspected to see whether a teacher was present, half the time the answer was no. ⑤Paying teachers more, in the hope of recruiting better ones, is not the answer. In poor countries, teachers are well paid by local standards—annual salaries are four times GDP per person in India and five times in Kenya and Nigeria. ⑥As for absenteeism (经常无故缺勤), if expensive teachers do not turn up to class, governments would, surely, sack them? Easier said than done. Poor governments often lack the wherewithal (做某事所需的金钱) to check on teachers in distant villages. ⑦Several recent studies suggest ed-tech can help. It seems to bring about bigger improvements in poor countries than in rich ones. Some of the scarce resources being spent on teachers could therefore be better spent on ed-tech. That does not mean dumping computers on schools in the hope that children will understand how to use them. Instead, it means providing schools with software that children can use with minimal help from an adult, that sends teachers prompts about what they are supposed to be teaching and that allows the authorities to check on whether the teacher is in the classroom. ⑧Suspects may wonder whether the poorest places have the necessary infrastructure. But Africa is electrifying apace (飞速地)—in Kenya, electricity coverage has gone up from 27% to 55% of households in three years. Where the grid is not available, solar chargers can work. Schools do not need internet access. Devices can be taken to where there is a connection to upload or download the necessary information. Cost does not have to be a huge problem either. The biggest issue is the government’s commitment: where it is enthusiastic, the chances of success are good. ⑨Technology is no panacea (万全之策). Good traditional teachers are not obsolete, and are never likely to be. And authorities need to hold teachers to account. But ed-tech can help greatly—by monitoring pupils and teachers alike, assisting the best teachers and, most important, making up for the failings of the worst. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【文本解析】 1. Main idea 这是一篇议论文，文章围绕“ed-tech”这个话题展开。文章开头提出观点：随着科技进步的发展，ed-tech应该受到更多重视，尤其是在一些贫穷国家。接着，文章详细分析了贫穷国家面临的一些教育问题。虽然在联合国的努力下，许多孩子能够走进校门了，但是学不到什么东西。在这些国家，教师素质不合格，还经常缺勤。而ed-tech能够很好地解决这些问题。一方面，它可以把课程送进学校，辅助教学；另一方面，政府还可以利用ed-tech监管教师的出勤。有一些人质疑ed-tech在贫穷国家的广泛应用，因为缺少必须的基础设施。但是作者认为只要政府决心坚定，这些都不是问题。 2. Text structure 全文可以划分为四个部分： ①-②第一部分：陈述观点：ed-tech在一些贫穷国家应受到更多重视。 ③-⑥第二部分：贫穷国家面临的教育问题：师资不合格，教师经常缺勤。 ⑦-⑧第三部分：ed-tech的优势，以及针对ed-tech的质疑。 ⑨第四部分：总结观点：ed-tech不是万全之策，但是能极大地解决问题。 3. Mind map 4. Summary writing Ed-tech is a solution to educational problems facing poor countries, like poor teaching quality and teachers’ frequent absences. Some have doubts about its popularity in backward countries which might lack necessary infrastructure, but this concern is unnecessary as long as governments support it. Ed-tech can make a big difference because it facilitates teachers’ work and helps regulate teaching quality. (59 words) 02：晨读晚默素材 实战演练1 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Kids Losing Fine Motor Skills? Amy Hornbeck can tell something is off the moment her students step into the classroom. Once, kids arrived with pockets full of rocks and items collected during outdoor adventures. Now, they come with their eyes glued to a screen. And it shows: they can’t zip their coats, turn the pages of a book, or even hold a spoon properly. Today’s children are losing critical fine motor skills—the small, precise movements required to tie a shoelace, write with a pen, or build a tower. Here’s what parents need to know. Time spent on screens—whether phones, tablets, eBooks, or TV—all adds up to time kids aren’t crafting, drawing, and building. While learning math or creating digital art can be educational, it doesn’t develop the fine motor control that comes from writing, cutting, or coloring. Hornbeck adds that kids’ decreasing ability to focus on a task, especially one requiring effort, is a key contributor to declining fine motor skills. Take puzzles, for example. Completing one involves strategy, flipping pieces, and trial and error. But Hornbeck says, “A lot of kids simply say, ‘Nope.’ They’re used to playing on a computer, which spins the piece for you.” She adds, “Tablets provide a lot more immediate support than is available in real life.” Convenience in parenting has also impacted skill development, says Hornbeck. Elastic pants without zippers or buttons save time on busy mornings, and pre-packaged snacks eliminate mess — but these shortcuts deprive kids of opportunities to practice zipping, buttoning, or using tools. Hornbeck suggests parents get children off their screens. Also, parents should look for opportunities to challenge their children and insert fine motor activities into daily tasks, such as cutting coupons or cooking together, looking for stones on the way to school, pouring cups, and squeezing sponges in the bath, etc. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 实战演练2 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Are touchscreens in cars dangerous? For years almost every new car sold has come with a high-tech, futuristic screen, which controls everything from the air conditioning to the music. Even safety features like automatic lane-keeping are sometimes screen-controlled. But are touchscreens safe? The case for the accusation is straightforward. If fiddling with the screen of a smartphone while driving is distracting, and therefore dangerous, then doing likewise with your car’s is probably risky too. Drivers can learn the location of physical controls, and press buttons or twiddle dials without taking their eyes off the road. A touchscreen offers no physical feedback, making that much harder. And because a screen must do dozens of jobs, finding a particular setting often means tapping through several sub-menus. The result, say critics, is a dangerous distraction built into the car itself. Research backs that up. A study, done in 2024 by researchers at SINTEF, a Norwegian contract-research organisation, used gaze-tracking cameras to compare how long drivers were distracted while performing different tasks on a touchscreen. Even the quickest job — changing the temperature — meant three and a half seconds, on average, of not looking at the road. Finding a new radio station took 11 seconds, and putting a new address into the satellite navigation took 16. An analysis published in 2020 by the Transport Research Laboratory, a British organisation, found that touchscreens impaired a driver’s reaction time more than driving over the legal alcohol limit. Safety organisations are beginning to notice. From January new rules from Euro NCAP, an organisation that provides safety ratings for cars sold in Europe, will mean no car can get a full five-star score unless certain crucial functions — indicators, for instance, or the windscreen wipers — are controlled by real switches. Euro NCAP’s safety guidelines have no legal force. But carmakers use its ratings as a selling-point. But innovation never stops. Even as touchscreens are falling out of favour, many manufacturers are turning their attention to voice control — though that is a subject for another story. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 实战演练3 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Fiction Reading For many people, nothing is more enjoyable than spending a whole afternoon reading a good novel. But are novels simply a pleasant way to pass the time, or could it be true that reading fiction actually benefits our lives? One of the joys of fiction is that it can take us to places that our lives won’t. It can transport us to 17th-century France, or to war-torn Germany. It can take us to a future world in which artificial intelligence takes over and books are banned, or a fantasy world where people bail it out for food. Fiction can also introduce us to a whole range of people that we haven’t yet met. And this, according to Carrie Oates, a novelist and academic, is perhaps the real benefit of stories. In one of Oates’ studies, participants were asked to read either a short story by Chekhov or a version of the story in documentary form. Those who were given the fictionalized version were found to be more likely to sympathize with the characters, thus going through greater changes in personality. In another study, she showed participants photos of the eyes of people who were feeling and thinking different things. The people who read fiction were better able to interpret those thoughts and feelings than those who didn’t. Oates explains that when we read fiction, we enter into the minds of the characters. We think about why they behave in a certain way, and what they are likely to do next. Just as we might become more knowledgeable about psychology and astronomy if we read about psychology and astronomy, we get better at this kind of social thinking if we read fiction. This improves our understanding of the thoughts and feelings of those around us in real life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 实战演练4 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Should you blame yourself for your bad habits? In the 1960s, Stanford psychologist Walter Mischel tested self-control by leaving children alone with a sweet: they could eat one at once, or wait and get two. Those who waited later did better at school, were happier, and earned more, leading him to see self-control as key to success. Later research, however, questioned this. His study was small and narrow. Larger studies show wealthier children resist temptation more easily, often because they trust the reward will come. Environment strongly shapes self-control, so we are not entirely in charge of it. Luck also plays a role. You did not choose where you were born, how supportive your parents were, or what talents you received. What people usually take responsibility for is how they use those circumstances—whether they waste their advantages or manage to overcome difficulties. Yet even perseverance and willpower are influenced by genes, as shown in recent twin studies. The modern world adds further challenges. Technology and marketing target our reward systems: phones are designed to hold our attention, advertisements follow us online, and shopping platforms encourage unplanned purchases. If resisting temptation feels harder now, that is not only a personal weakness but also the result of a system built to exploit it. What, then, is the right conclusion? We should not imagine that self-control is simply a matter of inner strength, nor that we are powerless victims of circumstance. A more realistic view is that habits are formed at the intersection of personal choices and external conditions. People who seem especially self-disciplined often succeed not because they resist temptation better, but because they arrange their environment, routines, and goals in ways that reduce the need for constant willpower. Recognising both the limits of personal control and the power of context allows us to take smarter, fairer steps toward change. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 实战演练 5 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. The wages of equality: A world of unfinished business Over the past several decades, women’s economic contributions have become vital to household management and consumer spending. However, despite their growing presence in the workforce, women often face challenges related to wage differences. One of the major reasons for this persistent wage gap is that, across various countries, discrimination in hiring and educational opportunities still plays a part, though it has become less common. In many regions, discrimination’s impact is declining, but it still contributes significantly to pay gaps. Efforts to close the gender wage gap are not merely about equality — they also have significant economic implications. Economists and labor experts argue that the wage gap acts as a drag on productivity. Countries that ignore this issue may struggle economically by not fully using the talents of educated women. Moreover, closing the wage gap has the potential to empower women economically and provide greater autonomy, leading to a host of social and policy changes. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), wage inequality is shaped by geography and national policies. For example, in the late 1990s, the wage gap was narrowest in Belgium, France, and Sweden but more pronounced in countries like Japan, Spain, and Italy. Further complicating matters is the influence of free-market forces on wage inequality. As economies have shifted away from heavy regulation, the gap between high-and low-income workers has grown. Highly paid professionals have increasingly pulled ahead, while lower-paid workers struggle to keep pace, deepening the overall wage inequality across industries. Addressing these gaps is challenging. Policymakers need to make sure gender equality measures are not only implemented but also work well within the economy. This requires continuous monitoring and adjustments to ensure that policies effectively reduce gaps without creating unintended consequences. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $